2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 3 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 3 Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language（含答案与解析） |  | |
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.We listened to the news with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
2.The boys may have a chance to become (profession) soccer players.
3.The year 2008 saw the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou 7 (man) spacecraft.
4.The crowd applauded the children their wonderful programs on Children’s Day.
5.Many parents see their children as an (extend) of themselves.
6.A great performance was held on the campus of Peking University and was given live (cover) by the CCTV 1.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
1.被邀请参加这次会议是我的荣幸。
It is an honor attend the meeting.
2.人们呼吁政府采取有效的措施来控制雾霾。
People call on the government the smog.
3.据说他已经被一所名牌大学录取了。
He is said a famous university.
4.该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。(aim)
The program science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. (2023全国新高考Ⅱ)
5.他吃惊地发现他的个人信息被泄露了。
He that his personal information had been revealed.
6.我们匆忙赶到办公室,却被告知由于恶劣的天气,会议被推迟了。
We hurried to the office, that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather.
7.减少工业污染和净化水花了多年的努力。
It took the industrial pollution and clean the water.
8.正如人们所说的,克服焦虑的一个关键方法是对你想与世界分享的东西充满热情。
, one key way anxiety is to become passionate about what you want to share with the world.(读后续写—结尾升华)
9.当然,孩子们不完全对他们的屏幕成瘾负责。
Of course,children for their screen addiction.
10.与此同时,所有这些经历之后,我发现增强与邻居之间的信任关系极其重要。
,after all these experiences, I with the neighbours.
11.想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,释放蒸汽,冒汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤汁在你的舌头上爆开。
To eat one, you have to decide in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出),or the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). (2023全国新高考Ⅰ)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023河南焦作期末统考)
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek (小港湾) of Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to rescue it.
Dolphins typically travel in groups called a “school” or a “pod”, though the solitary (单个的) dolphin is becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be dangerous, both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food, and become less inclined to feed on their own. Additionally, dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can lead to boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones.
Therefore, after beholding that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a residential area with potential for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries decided to take action. Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said, “The goal was to just be a barrier that was new to the animal, so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory (听觉的) barrier. We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat, and revved (使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the option to swim out on its own.”
The rescue was successful, with the dolphin withdrawing from the creek.
1.Which of the following situations can make people worried
A.More dolphins are becoming solitary.
B.Dolphins always live in groups.
C.Dolphins are becoming independent from humans.
D.Dolphins have no interaction with humans.
2.Which can be a consequence of a dolphin being isolated
A.Being hunted by humans. B.Becoming less cruel.
C.Relying on humans for food. D.Staying in deep waters longer.
3.What is the function of the human chain
A.Offering human interaction to the dolphin. B.Preventing the dolphin from running into boats.
C.Making the dolphin desire to move around. D.Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.
4.What is mainly expressed in Brittany’s words
A.The trouble the dolphin was in. B.The people who rescued the dolphin.
C.The way the dolphin was rescued. D.The meaning of rescuing the dolphin.
Ⅱ.完形填空
MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat. “It 1 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world. And that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 2 ,” she explained.
This experience 3 a passion within MacArthur—she wanted to sail around the world. Growing up in the countryside, she had no idea how to 4 it. However, she knew that was what she wanted to do at some stage. So she acquired knowledge and 5 for years to seek her dream of sailing. Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years, she 6 could afford the right equipment. By reaching such 7 goals and asking technical questions about 8 , MacArthur felt as though she was getting 9 to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and 10 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do,” she said. And it seemed that MacArthur’s 11 to become a sailor went beyond her expectations. At the age of 24, she started to 12 the media’s attention after taking second place in the Vendée Globe, an around the world single handed non stop yacht (帆船)race.
Four years later, MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours, 13 more than 26,000 miles. This led her to set a new record. 14 this record has been surpassed (超过),MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you’re going, you can actually get there—even if it seems 15 !
1.A.benefited B.struck
C.taught D.treated
2.A.mercy B.magic
C.direction D.freedom
3.A.lighted B.left
C.carried D.invented
4.A.approach B.gain
C.achieve D.applaud
5.A.made up B.saved up
C.turned up D.picked up
6.A.eventually B.fortunately
C.gradually D.definitely
7.A.personal B.financial
C.final D.academic
8.A.school B.sailing
C.driving D.business
9.A.further B.deeper
C.closer D.smarter
10.A.working B.designing
C.meaning D.aiming
11.A.lesson B.mind
C.confidence D.plan
12.A.accept B.arrest
C.enjoy D.keep
13.A.including B.reaching
C.covering D.floating
14.A.After B.When
C.Whether D.While
15.A.impossible B.constant
C.valuable D.available
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023河南中原名校联考)
There are at least five hot spots of 1 (float) plastic in the global ocean.
These are gyres (流涡), 2 circulating currents trap debris (垃圾). This one—the so called Great Pacific Garbage Patch—is the 3 (large), with almost 80,000 tonnes of plastic 4 (distribute) over 600,000 square miles.
The scientists teamed up 5 a charity that collects old fishing gear and other litter from the ocean, and gathered hundreds of plastic items 6 (study) in the lab.
They 7 (find) plants and animals in 2021, including anemones, tiny marine bugs, and crabs on 90% of the debris they examined.
As well as 8 (create) a semi permanent floating habitat for 9 (coast) species in the open ocean, the researchers say all this plastic could be providing invasive species with rafts (筏子) that allow them to cross 10 Pacific.
This, they say, is yet another unintended consequence of plastic pollution of the ocean.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅳ.写作
假如你是李华,最近你们班在英语课上组织了一场主题为“Deep Sea Fishing”的辩论会。请你根据以下结果写一篇英语短文。
观点 40%赞成 60%反对 你的观点
理由 1.丰富人们的食物来源; 2.增加渔民收入。 1.污染海洋; 2.物种减少,破坏深海生态系统。 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.mixture 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of判断此处应该填名词mixture。句意:我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则新闻。
2.professional 考查形容词。句意:这些男孩可能有机会成为职业足球运动员。此处作定语,故填入形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。
3.manned 考查形容词。句意:2008年中国成功发射了神舟七号载人飞船。此处应填入形容词修饰名词spacecraft, manned意为“载人的”。
4.for 考查介词。applaud sb. for sth.意为“因某事称赞/赞赏某人”。句意:观众因孩子们在儿童节(表演)的精彩节目而赞赏他们。
5.extension 考查名词。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填extension。句意:许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。
6.coverage 考查名词。句意:一场精彩的演出在北京大学校园举行,中央电视台综合频道进行了现场直播。coverage作名词,意为“新闻报道”,live coverage表示“现场直播,现场报道”。
Ⅱ.1.for me to be invited to 2.to take effective measures to control 3.to have been admitted to/into 4.aims to help students develop 5.was astonished/surprised to find
6.only to be told 7.years of effort(s) to reduce 8.As people say/As is said;to overcome 9.aren’t completely to blame 10.Meanwhile;found it vital to bond
11.whether to bite a small hole;to put
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了单个的海豚正变得越来越普遍,海洋生物学家组建人链来拯救它们。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“the solitary dolphin is becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern(单个的海豚正变得越来越普遍。这可能是一个人们担忧的原因)”可知,越来越多的海豚落单让人担心。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction(所以如果它们远离其他海豚,它们可能会将注意力转向与人类进行互动)”及第三段的“Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food(海豚会变得依赖人类获取食物)”可知,海豚落单后可能依靠人类获取食物。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Twenty eight biologists...came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.”可知,28名生物学家组成了一条人链,形成了一道屏障,引导海豚离开那个小港湾。因此,人链的功能是引导海豚离开浅水区。故选D。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,为了救助海豚,人们创造了一个物理屏障和一个听觉屏障。有人在敲船,让发动机快速运转,有人向这只动物泼水,并朝着它前进,让动物选择自己游出去。因此,Brittany的话主要讲的是海豚获救的方式。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.typically adv.通常;一般 2.isolated adj.孤独的,孤立的 3.in turn相应地 4.dependent adj.依赖的 5.additionally adv.另外 6.crash n.碰撞
7.take action采取行动
【差距词汇】 1.inclined adj.想(做某事) 2.residential adj.住宅的
长难句
原句 We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat, and revved its engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the option to swim out on its own.
分析 本句是一个并列复合句。并列连词and(第二个)和so连接了三个分句。第一个分句中“that was banging on a boat...engine”是定语从句,先行词是somebody。
译文 我们身后有人在敲船,并加快发动机的转速,然后我们向这只动物泼水,并朝着它前进,所以我们让动物选择自己游出去。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船的经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情,她最终实现了梦想,把不可能变成了可能。
1.B It strikes/struck sb. that...为固定句型,意为“某人突然想到……”。句意:我突然想到,这艘船拥有我们需要的带我们到世界任何地方的一切。A.使受益;C.教;D.对待,款待。故选B。
2.D 这艘船拥有他们需要的带他们到世界任何地方的一切,所以麦克阿瑟感受到了最大的“自由(freedom)”。 A.仁慈;B.魔术;C.方向。故选D。
3.A 根据“she wanted to sail around the world”可知,麦克阿瑟想乘船环游世界,所以推知这次经历“点燃(lighted)”了她内心的激情。B.离开;C.携带;D.发明。故选A。
4.C 上文提到麦克阿瑟想乘船环游世界,但是她是在乡下长大的,所以她不知道如何“实现(achieve)”这一梦想。 A.接近;B.获得;D.称赞。故选C。
5.B 根据“to seek her dream of sailing”和“could afford the right equipment”可知,她的目的是追求航行的梦想,所以她需要获取知识和“攒钱(saved up)”来实现这一梦想。A.编造;C.出现;D.捡起。故选B。
6.A 根据设空处前后文的理解可知,八年里,她每天只吃土豆和菜豆,所以这里指她“终于(eventually)”能买得起合适的设备了。B.幸运地;C.逐渐地;D.明确地。故选A。
7.B 根据上文“she 6 could afford the right equipment”可知,她终于能买得起合适的设备了,所以推知她实现了“经济上的(financial)”目标。A.个人的;C.最终的;D.学术的。故选B。
8.B 根据上文的叙述可知,麦克阿瑟追求的是航行梦想,所以推知询问的是关于“航行(sailing)”的技术问题。A.学校;C.驾驶;D.生意。故选B。
9.C 根据上文的叙述可知,麦克阿瑟追求的是航行梦想,经过八年的时间,她终于能买得起合适的设备了,而且询问了有关航行的技术问题,所以她感觉离自己追求的目标“更近(closer)”了。故选C。
10.D 根据“such a crazy thing”可知,小时候乘船环游世界的梦想对麦克阿瑟来说是一个很高的“目标”。aim high 意为“胸怀大志,志向远大”。故选D。
11.D 根据“to become a sailor”可知,成为一个航海者一直是麦克阿瑟的“计划(plan)”,这个计划似乎超出了她的预期。A.教训;B.头脑;C.信心。故选D。
12.B 根据“after taking second place in the Vendée Globe”可知,在法国旺底不靠岸单人环球航海赛中获得第二名后,她开始引起了(arrest)媒体的关注。A.接受;C.欣赏;D.保持。故选B。
13.C 根据“sail for 71 days and 14 hours”和“more than 26,000 miles”可知,麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14小时,“航程”超过26,000英里。cover表示“行走(一段路程)”,符合题意。A.包括;B.到达;D.漂浮。故选C。
14.D 根据“is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer”可知,“尽管(While)”这一纪录已经被打破,但麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的离岸赛选手。故选D。
15.A 根据上文的叙述可知,航海对麦克阿瑟来说几乎是“不可能的”,但是她仍然实现了这一梦想,所以麦克阿瑟的经历告诉我们:当你知道你要去哪里的时候,你实际上可以到达那里——即使这看起来是“不可能的(impossible)”。B.连续的;C.宝贵的;D.可获得的。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.date back to追溯到 2.open up(使某事物)成为可能;打开 3.passion n.激情 4.acquire v.得到;获得 5.seek v.追求;寻找;谋求 6.merely adv.仅仅,只不过 7.afford v.买得起 8.ambition n.追求的目标,雄心,野心 9.expectation n.预期;期望
【熟词生义】 some det.某个
【差距词汇】 offshore adj.离岸的;海上的
长难句
原句 MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“when she was just 4 years old”是定语从句,修饰time;“when she first...a boat”也是定语从句,修饰4 years old。
译文 麦克阿瑟对航行的热爱要追溯到她仅仅4岁时,当时她第一次有机会尝试乘船。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是全球海洋中至少有五个漂浮塑料的热点地区,塑料垃圾成为海洋生物的新栖息地。
1.floating 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词plastic,float的形容词形式是floating,意为“漂浮的”,故填floating。句意:全球海洋中至少有五个漂浮塑料的热点地区。
2.where 考查定语从句。设空处前面为名词gyres,空后内容主谓宾成分完整,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作状语,结合语境可知设空处应表示抽象的地点,意为“在流涡中,循环的水流将垃圾困在其中”。故填where。
3.largest 考查形容词最高级。句意:这个地区——所谓的大太平洋垃圾带——是最大的,大约有8万公吨塑料分布在超过60万平方英里的范围内。空前有the,设空处提示词为形容词,故空格处用最高级largest。
4.distributed 考查过去分词。空格处构成with复合结构,distribute意为“使散开;使分布;分发;分配”,80,000 tonnes of plastic和distribute之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填distributed。
5.with 考查介词。team up with是固定短语,意为“与……合作”,故填with。
6.to study 考查不定式。句意:科学家们与一家从海洋中收集旧渔具和其他垃圾的慈善机构合作,收集了数百件塑料物品在实验室中进行研究。根据语境可知,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to study。
7.found 考查时态。句意:2021年,他们在检测的90%的垃圾上发现了植物和动物,包括海葵、微小的海洋昆虫和螃蟹。根据时间状语in 2021可知句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填found。
8.creating 考查动名词。句意:研究人员表示,所有这些塑料除了在开阔的海洋中为沿海物种创造一个半永久性的漂浮栖息地以外,也可以为入侵物种提供 “筏子”,使它们穿越太平洋。as well as doing sth.表示“除了做某事,还……”,故填creating。
9.coastal 考查形容词。设空处用形容词作定语,修饰名词species,coast的形容词形式是coastal,意为“沿海的”,故填coastal。
10.the 考查定冠词。表示“太平洋”用the Pacific,故填the。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should go deep sea fishing.
40% of the students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, which can provide us with protein and other nutrients. Besides, fishermen can earn more. However, others believe that it is necessary to stop deep sea fishing. As is reported, deep sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean. What’s worse, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and destroyed the deep sea ecosystem.
In my opinion, there should be seasonal limitations on deep sea fishing so that we can have sustainable fish resources.
1.重点词汇
①beneficial adj.有益的,有利的
②severely adv.十分严重地
③limitation n.限制性规定,控制
④sustainable adj.可持续的,合理利用的
2.亮点句型
40% of the students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, which can provide us with protein and other nutrients. (that引导同位语从句,because引导原因状语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句)40%的学生认为深海捕鱼是有利的,因为鱼肉是一种很好的食物来源,可以为我们提供蛋白质和其他营养。
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.We listened to the news with a (mix) of surprise and horror.
2.The boys may have a chance to become (profession) soccer players.
3.The year 2008 saw the successful launch of China’s Shenzhou 7 (man) spacecraft.
4.The crowd applauded the children their wonderful programs on Children’s Day.
5.Many parents see their children as an (extend) of themselves.
6.A great performance was held on the campus of Peking University and was given live (cover) by the CCTV 1.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
1.被邀请参加这次会议是我的荣幸。
It is an honor attend the meeting.
2.人们呼吁政府采取有效的措施来控制雾霾。
People call on the government the smog.
3.据说他已经被一所名牌大学录取了。
He is said a famous university.
4.该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。(aim)
The program science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. (2023全国新高考Ⅱ)
5.他吃惊地发现他的个人信息被泄露了。
He that his personal information had been revealed.
6.我们匆忙赶到办公室,却被告知由于恶劣的天气,会议被推迟了。
We hurried to the office, that the meeting had been put off because of the bad weather.
7.减少工业污染和净化水花了多年的努力。
It took the industrial pollution and clean the water.
8.正如人们所说的,克服焦虑的一个关键方法是对你想与世界分享的东西充满热情。
, one key way anxiety is to become passionate about what you want to share with the world.(读后续写—结尾升华)
9.当然,孩子们不完全对他们的屏幕成瘾负责。
Of course,children for their screen addiction.
10.与此同时,所有这些经历之后,我发现增强与邻居之间的信任关系极其重要。
,after all these experiences, I with the neighbours.
11.想要吃一个的话,你必须决定是先咬一个小洞,释放蒸汽,冒汤汁溢出的风险,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤汁在你的舌头上爆开。
To eat one, you have to decide in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill (溢出),or the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue(舌头). (2023全国新高考Ⅰ)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023河南焦作期末统考)
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek (小港湾) of Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to rescue it.
Dolphins typically travel in groups called a “school” or a “pod”, though the solitary (单个的) dolphin is becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be dangerous, both for dolphins and humans.
Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food, and become less inclined to feed on their own. Additionally, dolphins that are used to human contact spend more time in shallow waters, which can lead to boat crashes. Meanwhile, humans who get too close to dolphins can find themselves with injuries such as broken bones.
Therefore, after beholding that the dolphin had been alone in the creek for a few days, and was near a residential area with potential for human disturbance, NOAA Fisheries decided to take action. Twenty eight biologists from the Clearwater Marine Aquarium, NOAA and FWC came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.
Rescue biologist Brittany Baldrica said, “The goal was to just be a barrier that was new to the animal, so we wanted to create a physical barrier as well as an auditory (听觉的) barrier. We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat, and revved (使快速运转) its engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the option to swim out on its own.”
The rescue was successful, with the dolphin withdrawing from the creek.
1.Which of the following situations can make people worried
A.More dolphins are becoming solitary.
B.Dolphins always live in groups.
C.Dolphins are becoming independent from humans.
D.Dolphins have no interaction with humans.
2.Which can be a consequence of a dolphin being isolated
A.Being hunted by humans. B.Becoming less cruel.
C.Relying on humans for food. D.Staying in deep waters longer.
3.What is the function of the human chain
A.Offering human interaction to the dolphin. B.Preventing the dolphin from running into boats.
C.Making the dolphin desire to move around. D.Guiding the dolphin out of the shallow water.
4.What is mainly expressed in Brittany’s words
A.The trouble the dolphin was in. B.The people who rescued the dolphin.
C.The way the dolphin was rescued. D.The meaning of rescuing the dolphin.
Ⅱ.完形填空
MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat. “It 1 me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world. And that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of 2 ,” she explained.
This experience 3 a passion within MacArthur—she wanted to sail around the world. Growing up in the countryside, she had no idea how to 4 it. However, she knew that was what she wanted to do at some stage. So she acquired knowledge and 5 for years to seek her dream of sailing. Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years, she 6 could afford the right equipment. By reaching such 7 goals and asking technical questions about 8 , MacArthur felt as though she was getting 9 to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and 10 high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do,” she said. And it seemed that MacArthur’s 11 to become a sailor went beyond her expectations. At the age of 24, she started to 12 the media’s attention after taking second place in the Vendée Globe, an around the world single handed non stop yacht (帆船)race.
Four years later, MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours, 13 more than 26,000 miles. This led her to set a new record. 14 this record has been surpassed (超过),MacArthur is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you’re going, you can actually get there—even if it seems 15 !
1.A.benefited B.struck
C.taught D.treated
2.A.mercy B.magic
C.direction D.freedom
3.A.lighted B.left
C.carried D.invented
4.A.approach B.gain
C.achieve D.applaud
5.A.made up B.saved up
C.turned up D.picked up
6.A.eventually B.fortunately
C.gradually D.definitely
7.A.personal B.financial
C.final D.academic
8.A.school B.sailing
C.driving D.business
9.A.further B.deeper
C.closer D.smarter
10.A.working B.designing
C.meaning D.aiming
11.A.lesson B.mind
C.confidence D.plan
12.A.accept B.arrest
C.enjoy D.keep
13.A.including B.reaching
C.covering D.floating
14.A.After B.When
C.Whether D.While
15.A.impossible B.constant
C.valuable D.available
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023河南中原名校联考)
There are at least five hot spots of 1 (float) plastic in the global ocean.
These are gyres (流涡), 2 circulating currents trap debris (垃圾). This one—the so called Great Pacific Garbage Patch—is the 3 (large), with almost 80,000 tonnes of plastic 4 (distribute) over 600,000 square miles.
The scientists teamed up 5 a charity that collects old fishing gear and other litter from the ocean, and gathered hundreds of plastic items 6 (study) in the lab.
They 7 (find) plants and animals in 2021, including anemones, tiny marine bugs, and crabs on 90% of the debris they examined.
As well as 8 (create) a semi permanent floating habitat for 9 (coast) species in the open ocean, the researchers say all this plastic could be providing invasive species with rafts (筏子) that allow them to cross 10 Pacific.
This, they say, is yet another unintended consequence of plastic pollution of the ocean.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅳ.写作
假如你是李华,最近你们班在英语课上组织了一场主题为“Deep Sea Fishing”的辩论会。请你根据以下结果写一篇英语短文。
观点 40%赞成 60%反对 你的观点
理由 1.丰富人们的食物来源; 2.增加渔民收入。 1.污染海洋; 2.物种减少,破坏深海生态系统。 ……
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Part 2 Learning About Language & Using Language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.mixture 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a和空后的介词of判断此处应该填名词mixture。句意:我们怀着惊恐交加的心情收听了这则新闻。
2.professional 考查形容词。句意:这些男孩可能有机会成为职业足球运动员。此处作定语,故填入形容词professional,意为“职业的,专业的”。
3.manned 考查形容词。句意:2008年中国成功发射了神舟七号载人飞船。此处应填入形容词修饰名词spacecraft, manned意为“载人的”。
4.for 考查介词。applaud sb. for sth.意为“因某事称赞/赞赏某人”。句意:观众因孩子们在儿童节(表演)的精彩节目而赞赏他们。
5.extension 考查名词。根据前面的冠词an和后面的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填extension。句意:许多父母把他们的孩子看作他们自身的延伸。
6.coverage 考查名词。句意:一场精彩的演出在北京大学校园举行,中央电视台综合频道进行了现场直播。coverage作名词,意为“新闻报道”,live coverage表示“现场直播,现场报道”。
Ⅱ.1.for me to be invited to 2.to take effective measures to control 3.to have been admitted to/into 4.aims to help students develop 5.was astonished/surprised to find
6.only to be told 7.years of effort(s) to reduce 8.As people say/As is said;to overcome 9.aren’t completely to blame 10.Meanwhile;found it vital to bond
11.whether to bite a small hole;to put
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了单个的海豚正变得越来越普遍,海洋生物学家组建人链来拯救它们。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段的“the solitary dolphin is becoming more common. This can be a cause for concern(单个的海豚正变得越来越普遍。这可能是一个人们担忧的原因)”可知,越来越多的海豚落单让人担心。故选A。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段的“so if they are isolated from other dolphins, they may turn their attention to human interaction(所以如果它们远离其他海豚,它们可能会将注意力转向与人类进行互动)”及第三段的“Dolphins can become dependent on humans for food(海豚会变得依赖人类获取食物)”可知,海豚落单后可能依靠人类获取食物。故选C。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Twenty eight biologists...came together to form a human chain, creating a barrier that would guide the dolphin out of the creek.”可知,28名生物学家组成了一条人链,形成了一道屏障,引导海豚离开那个小港湾。因此,人链的功能是引导海豚离开浅水区。故选D。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,为了救助海豚,人们创造了一个物理屏障和一个听觉屏障。有人在敲船,让发动机快速运转,有人向这只动物泼水,并朝着它前进,让动物选择自己游出去。因此,Brittany的话主要讲的是海豚获救的方式。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.typically adv.通常;一般 2.isolated adj.孤独的,孤立的 3.in turn相应地 4.dependent adj.依赖的 5.additionally adv.另外 6.crash n.碰撞
7.take action采取行动
【差距词汇】 1.inclined adj.想(做某事) 2.residential adj.住宅的
长难句
原句 We had somebody behind us that was banging on a boat, and revved its engine and then we were splashing water and moving forward towards the animal, so we were giving the animal the option to swim out on its own.
分析 本句是一个并列复合句。并列连词and(第二个)和so连接了三个分句。第一个分句中“that was banging on a boat...engine”是定语从句,先行词是somebody。
译文 我们身后有人在敲船,并加快发动机的转速,然后我们向这只动物泼水,并朝着它前进,所以我们让动物选择自己游出去。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船的经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情,她最终实现了梦想,把不可能变成了可能。
1.B It strikes/struck sb. that...为固定句型,意为“某人突然想到……”。句意:我突然想到,这艘船拥有我们需要的带我们到世界任何地方的一切。A.使受益;C.教;D.对待,款待。故选B。
2.D 这艘船拥有他们需要的带他们到世界任何地方的一切,所以麦克阿瑟感受到了最大的“自由(freedom)”。 A.仁慈;B.魔术;C.方向。故选D。
3.A 根据“she wanted to sail around the world”可知,麦克阿瑟想乘船环游世界,所以推知这次经历“点燃(lighted)”了她内心的激情。B.离开;C.携带;D.发明。故选A。
4.C 上文提到麦克阿瑟想乘船环游世界,但是她是在乡下长大的,所以她不知道如何“实现(achieve)”这一梦想。 A.接近;B.获得;D.称赞。故选C。
5.B 根据“to seek her dream of sailing”和“could afford the right equipment”可知,她的目的是追求航行的梦想,所以她需要获取知识和“攒钱(saved up)”来实现这一梦想。A.编造;C.出现;D.捡起。故选B。
6.A 根据设空处前后文的理解可知,八年里,她每天只吃土豆和菜豆,所以这里指她“终于(eventually)”能买得起合适的设备了。B.幸运地;C.逐渐地;D.明确地。故选A。
7.B 根据上文“she 6 could afford the right equipment”可知,她终于能买得起合适的设备了,所以推知她实现了“经济上的(financial)”目标。A.个人的;C.最终的;D.学术的。故选B。
8.B 根据上文的叙述可知,麦克阿瑟追求的是航行梦想,所以推知询问的是关于“航行(sailing)”的技术问题。A.学校;C.驾驶;D.生意。故选B。
9.C 根据上文的叙述可知,麦克阿瑟追求的是航行梦想,经过八年的时间,她终于能买得起合适的设备了,而且询问了有关航行的技术问题,所以她感觉离自己追求的目标“更近(closer)”了。故选C。
10.D 根据“such a crazy thing”可知,小时候乘船环游世界的梦想对麦克阿瑟来说是一个很高的“目标”。aim high 意为“胸怀大志,志向远大”。故选D。
11.D 根据“to become a sailor”可知,成为一个航海者一直是麦克阿瑟的“计划(plan)”,这个计划似乎超出了她的预期。A.教训;B.头脑;C.信心。故选D。
12.B 根据“after taking second place in the Vendée Globe”可知,在法国旺底不靠岸单人环球航海赛中获得第二名后,她开始引起了(arrest)媒体的关注。A.接受;C.欣赏;D.保持。故选B。
13.C 根据“sail for 71 days and 14 hours”和“more than 26,000 miles”可知,麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14小时,“航程”超过26,000英里。cover表示“行走(一段路程)”,符合题意。A.包括;B.到达;D.漂浮。故选C。
14.D 根据“is still considered as Britain’s most successful offshore racer”可知,“尽管(While)”这一纪录已经被打破,但麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的离岸赛选手。故选D。
15.A 根据上文的叙述可知,航海对麦克阿瑟来说几乎是“不可能的”,但是她仍然实现了这一梦想,所以麦克阿瑟的经历告诉我们:当你知道你要去哪里的时候,你实际上可以到达那里——即使这看起来是“不可能的(impossible)”。B.连续的;C.宝贵的;D.可获得的。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.date back to追溯到 2.open up(使某事物)成为可能;打开 3.passion n.激情 4.acquire v.得到;获得 5.seek v.追求;寻找;谋求 6.merely adv.仅仅,只不过 7.afford v.买得起 8.ambition n.追求的目标,雄心,野心 9.expectation n.预期;期望
【熟词生义】 some det.某个
【差距词汇】 offshore adj.离岸的;海上的
长难句
原句 MacArthur’s love for sailing dates back to the time when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。“when she was just 4 years old”是定语从句,修饰time;“when she first...a boat”也是定语从句,修饰4 years old。
译文 麦克阿瑟对航行的热爱要追溯到她仅仅4岁时,当时她第一次有机会尝试乘船。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是全球海洋中至少有五个漂浮塑料的热点地区,塑料垃圾成为海洋生物的新栖息地。
1.floating 考查形容词。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词plastic,float的形容词形式是floating,意为“漂浮的”,故填floating。句意:全球海洋中至少有五个漂浮塑料的热点地区。
2.where 考查定语从句。设空处前面为名词gyres,空后内容主谓宾成分完整,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作状语,结合语境可知设空处应表示抽象的地点,意为“在流涡中,循环的水流将垃圾困在其中”。故填where。
3.largest 考查形容词最高级。句意:这个地区——所谓的大太平洋垃圾带——是最大的,大约有8万公吨塑料分布在超过60万平方英里的范围内。空前有the,设空处提示词为形容词,故空格处用最高级largest。
4.distributed 考查过去分词。空格处构成with复合结构,distribute意为“使散开;使分布;分发;分配”,80,000 tonnes of plastic和distribute之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填distributed。
5.with 考查介词。team up with是固定短语,意为“与……合作”,故填with。
6.to study 考查不定式。句意:科学家们与一家从海洋中收集旧渔具和其他垃圾的慈善机构合作,收集了数百件塑料物品在实验室中进行研究。根据语境可知,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to study。
7.found 考查时态。句意:2021年,他们在检测的90%的垃圾上发现了植物和动物,包括海葵、微小的海洋昆虫和螃蟹。根据时间状语in 2021可知句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,故填found。
8.creating 考查动名词。句意:研究人员表示,所有这些塑料除了在开阔的海洋中为沿海物种创造一个半永久性的漂浮栖息地以外,也可以为入侵物种提供 “筏子”,使它们穿越太平洋。as well as doing sth.表示“除了做某事,还……”,故填creating。
9.coastal 考查形容词。设空处用形容词作定语,修饰名词species,coast的形容词形式是coastal,意为“沿海的”,故填coastal。
10.the 考查定冠词。表示“太平洋”用the Pacific,故填the。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Recently, we had a discussion on whether we should go deep sea fishing.
40% of the students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, which can provide us with protein and other nutrients. Besides, fishermen can earn more. However, others believe that it is necessary to stop deep sea fishing. As is reported, deep sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean. What’s worse, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and destroyed the deep sea ecosystem.
In my opinion, there should be seasonal limitations on deep sea fishing so that we can have sustainable fish resources.
1.重点词汇
①beneficial adj.有益的,有利的
②severely adv.十分严重地
③limitation n.限制性规定,控制
④sustainable adj.可持续的,合理利用的
2.亮点句型
40% of the students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, which can provide us with protein and other nutrients. (that引导同位语从句,because引导原因状语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句)40%的学生认为深海捕鱼是有利的,因为鱼肉是一种很好的食物来源,可以为我们提供蛋白质和其他营养。
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