2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 3 高考练（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习题--UNIT 3 高考练（答案与解析） |  | |
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019北京,D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
词汇积累
1.reflect off从……反射 2.concentration n.含量,浓度(熟词生义)
3.fuel v.刺激;增加;加强 (熟词生义) 4.project v.预测;推想(熟词生义)
1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A.The various patterns at the ocean surface. B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms. D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.
C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B.Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021全国新高考Ⅱ)
I’ve always loved the ocean. In the 1 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 3 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4 used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 5 emailed its president. I told him how 6 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco friendly options. I was so 7 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8 (be) Alaska Airlines. A company 9 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
词汇积累
1.cut back减少 2.commercial n.广告(熟词生义)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
五年高考练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化,进而会影响海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态,增强环境保护的意识。
1.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因,第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述,前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因,故选B项。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据下文提到气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点,影响了浮游植物的生长,并结合关键词changes和affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But in some waters...a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知,在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方,海洋的颜色会变得更绿,故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据全文,尤其是第一段中“the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate”可知,这篇文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响,故选C项。
长难句
原句1 Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。连词since引导原因状语从句,从句中的宾语部分由并列连词not only...but also连接的成分构成。主句中and连接两个并列的谓语。
译文 气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征,并且可以影响浮游植物的生长,因为它们的生长不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳,还需要营养物质。
原句2 Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.
分析 这是一个并列复合句。连词but连接两个并列分句,第一个分句中Whatever引导主语从句,从句主
语为the ocean,“Whatever colour changes”在从句中作experiences的宾语。第一个分句的谓语是will be。
译文 未来几十年海洋经历的任何颜色变化都可能过于缓慢和不明显,但它们可能意味着重大变化。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
1.seventh 考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加利福尼亚州的蒙特雷湾水族馆做志愿者。表示“七年级”用序数词。
2.thinking 考查现在分词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,且逗号前没有连词,故“ 2 (think)it is food”用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
3.to educate 考查不定式。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们注意这个问题。分析句子结构可知,“ 3 (educate) people about this problem”作目的状语,故用不定式。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我得知有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知,空格处无提示词,空前为名词company,空后内容缺主语,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的先行词 company,且在从句中作主语,故用which或that。
5.and 考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词。
6.harmful 考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境有多大的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的选择。此处为how引导的感叹句,how之后用形容词。
7.excited 考查形容词。句意:当他回电子邮件给我时,我很兴奋。设空处作表语,修饰人,用 ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
8.was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我写电子邮件的最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空公司。根据整段的时态可知,这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;主语是“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,谓语动词用单数,所以这里填was。
9.representative 考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回邮件,告诉我该航空公司在其每天1,200次的航班上将塑料杯换成了纸杯。该空与前面的修饰成分A company 一起作句子的主语,用名词,故填representative,表示“代表”。
10.from 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处是switch over from...to...“从……转变到……”结构。
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2024人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019北京,D)
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.“Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,”she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
词汇积累
1.reflect off从……反射 2.concentration n.含量,浓度(熟词生义)
3.fuel v.刺激;增加;加强 (熟词生义) 4.project v.预测;推想(熟词生义)
1.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about
A.The various patterns at the ocean surface. B.The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C.The way light reflects off marine organisms. D.The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
2.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial.
C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.
3.What can we learn from the passage
A.Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B.Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C.Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D.Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
4.What is the main purpose of the passage
A.To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B.To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C.To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D.To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021全国新高考Ⅱ)
I’ve always loved the ocean. In the 1 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 2 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 3 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 4 used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 5 emailed its president. I told him how 6 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco friendly options. I was so 7 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I’d send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 8 (be) Alaska Airlines. A company 9 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 10 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
词汇积累
1.cut back减少 2.commercial n.广告(熟词生义)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
五年高考练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文为说明文。气候变暖导致了海洋浮游植物的变化,进而会影响海洋颜色的变化。文章侧重于引导学生关注自然生态,增强环境保护的意识。
1.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了海洋颜色变化的原因,第二段具体说明了海洋颜色变化的原因在于海洋浮游植物的类型和浓度的变化。综上所述,前两段主要说明了海洋颜色变化的原因,故选B项。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据下文提到气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特点,影响了浮游植物的生长,并结合关键词changes和affect可综合推断出浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势是比较敏感的,故选A项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But in some waters...a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知,在更适宜浮游植物生长的地方,海洋的颜色会变得更绿,故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据全文,尤其是第一段中“the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate”可知,这篇文章的主要目的是解释气候变化对海洋尤其是其颜色的影响,故选C项。
长难句
原句1 Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。连词since引导原因状语从句,从句中的宾语部分由并列连词not only...but also连接的成分构成。主句中and连接两个并列的谓语。
译文 气候变暖改变了海洋的主要特征,并且可以影响浮游植物的生长,因为它们的生长不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳,还需要营养物质。
原句2 Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.
分析 这是一个并列复合句。连词but连接两个并列分句,第一个分句中Whatever引导主语从句,从句主
语为the ocean,“Whatever colour changes”在从句中作experiences的宾语。第一个分句的谓语是will be。
译文 未来几十年海洋经历的任何颜色变化都可能过于缓慢和不明显,但它们可能意味着重大变化。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
1.seventh 考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加利福尼亚州的蒙特雷湾水族馆做志愿者。表示“七年级”用序数词。
2.thinking 考查现在分词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语,且逗号前没有连词,故“ 2 (think)it is food”用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。
3.to educate 考查不定式。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们注意这个问题。分析句子结构可知,“ 3 (educate) people about this problem”作目的状语,故用不定式。
4.which/that 考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我得知有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知,空格处无提示词,空前为名词company,空后内容缺主语,故设空处引导定语从句,修饰指物的先行词 company,且在从句中作主语,故用which或that。
5.and 考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用连词and连接两个并列的谓语动词。
6.harmful 考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境有多大的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的选择。此处为how引导的感叹句,how之后用形容词。
7.excited 考查形容词。句意:当他回电子邮件给我时,我很兴奋。设空处作表语,修饰人,用 ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
8.was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我写电子邮件的最大的公司之一是阿拉斯加航空公司。根据整段的时态可知,这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;主语是“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,谓语动词用单数,所以这里填was。
9.representative 考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回邮件,告诉我该航空公司在其每天1,200次的航班上将塑料杯换成了纸杯。该空与前面的修饰成分A company 一起作句子的主语,用名词,故填representative,表示“代表”。
10.from 考查介词。分析句子结构可知,此处是switch over from...to...“从……转变到……”结构。
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