2024届高考英语非谓语动词复习要点课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
The Non-Predicate Verbs
非谓语动词形式
非谓语动词种类
非谓语动词定义
在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词形式有
动词不定式(the Infinitive) --- to do
动名词(the Gerund) --- doing
现在分词(the Present Participle) --- doing
过去分词(the Past Participle) --- done
主语 宾语 表语 定语 宾补 状语
不定式
动名词
现在分词
过去分词


非谓语动词的句法功能
一、作主语
1. 不定式
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
动词不定式短语作主语时, 常用形式主语 it 作形式主语
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It is + 形容词 (+ of / for sb.) + to do sth.
通常用 of 的词有 brave, clever, careful, hopeless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, naughty, kind, good, generous, nice, considerate, thoughtful 等。
It is very hard for those who have never been to the small village to describe its beauty.
It was generous of Rick to donate $1,000 to the Hope Project.
一、作主语
2. 动名词
Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life.
He recognized that donating blood requires little work and virtually no pain while helping save lives.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling with them.
有时加上该动名词的执行者或承受者作其逻辑主语，逻辑主语通常是名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词
Peter’s coming late made the president angry.
Your passing the exam will please all your family.
二、作表语
1. 不定式
The only difficulty is to get more orchids.
He appears to have caught a cold.
Many problems still remain to be solved.
What he could do then was (to) find a doctor.
2. 动名词
The only difficulty is getting more orchids.
One of the ways would be moving the concert hall to another place.
二、作表语
3. 现在分词
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
The present situation is inspiring.
4. 过去分词
They were frightened at the terrible sight.
The window is broken.
现在分词表“令人…” ，过去分词表“感到…”
amazing / amazed; confusing / confused …
只用过去分词，表示状态、特点等
upset, distinguished, married, experienced, crowded, unexpected…
三、作宾语
1. 常跟不定式的动词
afford, agree, aim, ask, appear, choose, dare, decide, decline, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, hope, manage, offer, ought, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, undertake, volunteer, wish, hesitate, long, bother, tend, trouble 等
2. 常跟动名词的动词
acknowledge, admit, advocate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, fancy, forgive, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, resist, risk, suggest, understand 等
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed ___________ (catch).
I would appreciate ____________ (you, call) back this afternoon.
We have to do something to stop wild animals ___________ (kill).
We’re considering _________ (practise) _________ (speak) English in pairs after class.
I don’t want ___________ (sound) like I'm speaking ill of anyone, but the manager's plan is unfair.
I hadn’t expected ___________ (give) such a warm welcome.
being caught
your calling
being killed
to be given
to sound
practising
speaking
3. 两者均可，差异不大(多用to do)
attempt, begin, continue, hate, intend, learn, like, love, prefer, start等
4.两者均可，意义不同
forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, can’t help, be used to, go on 等动词
He forgot __________ (tell) me to post the letter.
I shall never forget _______ (find) that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope.
Remember _______ (write) to us when you get there.
She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.
to write
finding
to tell
to rest
In some parts of London, missing a bus means _________ (wait) for another hour.
I regret ________ (tell) you that I can’t go to your birthday party.
They regretted _________ (agree) to the plan.
He tried _____________ (pretend) to share in the pleasure with his friend.
She tried ________ (read) a novel, but that couldn’t make her forget her sorrow.
I didn’t mean _________ (hurt) you.
A friend indeed means __________ (help) others for nothing in return.
She didn’t remember ____________ (meet) him before.
waiting
to tell
agreeing
to pretend
reading
to hurt
helping
having met
9. She can’t help ________ (clean) the house because she’s busy making a cake.
10. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need.
being persuade
(to) clean
5. 在SVOC句型中，用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语(不定式)后置，放在宾语补足语后面
We feel it our duty to help the needy.
我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(…it…)
I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.
他没有说清楚他回来的时间. (it)
He hasn’t made it clear when he is coming back.
6.动名词作need, want, require, be worth的宾语时，用主动式代替被动式。
The washing-machine needs repairing / to be repaired.
The point wants referring to.
常跟动名词的短语
cannot stand
be absorbed in
congratulate sb. on
have trouble (in)
prevent sb. from
spend time or money in
waste time or money in
There is no point in
give up be worth
feel like insist on
keep on succeed in
dream of accuse sb. of
to是介词的常用固定结构
look forward to
devote…to / be devoted to
be / get used to
get down to
pay attention to
be limited to
amount to
contribute to
lead to refer to
point to object to
equal to belong to
The little boy entered the classroom without _____________ (notice).
I apologize for ________________ (not, keep) my promise.
Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to __________ (set up) some schools for poor children.
She looks forward every spring to ________ (walk) in the flower-lined garden.
He did nothing last Sunday but ________ (repair) his bike.
Only one of these books is worth ________ (read).
setting up
not having kept
being noticed
walking
repair
reading
四、宾语补足语
1. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + to do sth.
want, wish, expect, desire, ask, tell, order, beg, advise, allow, permit, help, persuade, prepare, cause, force, oblige, invite, require, remind, inform,
call on, wait for, arrange for, appeal to, depend on等
不用于此句型的动词：demand, suggest, hope, agree
2. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + do sth.
make, let, have, feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, observe 等
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
四、宾语补足语
3. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + doing sth.
have, get, keep, leave, feel, hear, listen to, find, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, catch等。
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
4. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + done
I heard the song sung several times last week.
He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them __________ (interest) in his lectures.
In the dream Peter saw himself _______ (chase) by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
The salesman scolded the girl caught _______ (steal) and let her off.
They knew her very well. They had seen her ______ (grow) up from childhood.
John was made _________ (wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.
Charles Babbage is generally considered _________________ (invent) the first computer.
The patient was warned __________ (not, eat) oily food after the operation.
interested
chased
stealing
grow
to wash
to have invented
not to eat
四、宾语补足语
5. with复合结构
— Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
— Sorry. With so much work _______ (fill) my mind, I almost break down.
— Sorry. With my mind _____ (fill) with so much work, I almost break down.
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.
With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
filling
filled
finished
to settle
五、定语
1.不定式
与所修饰名词有动宾关系：
I have an important meeting ________ (attend).
The child has nothing ______________ (worry).
Have you got anything to be taken to your father
说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan ____ (finish) the work this week.
intention, promise, invitation, way, time, wish, idea chance, opportunity 等
被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
China is the third country ______ (send) a man into space.
to attend
to worry about
to ～
to send
五、定语
2.动名词
He can’t walk without a walking-stick.
Is there a swimming pool in your school.
The cave, his hiding-place, is secret.
His habit, listening to the news on the radio, remains unchanged.
五、定语
3.现在分词
单个分词做定语时，放在名词前，如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。一般说来，having done, having been done 不作定语。
In the following years he worked even harder.
The man speaking to the teacher is Tom’s father.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years 也可用 in the years that followed
the man speaking 可改为 the man who is speaking
There was a terrible noise _________ (follow) the sudden burst of light.
At present, there is a new supermarket ____________ (build) in the south of the town.
following
being built
五、定语
4.过去分词
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
Those elected as committee members will attend tomorrow’s meeting.
Language experts claim that children __________ (expose) to the English-speaking environment will pick up English quickly.
Look at his ___________ look. It seems as if he had met a ____________ tiger. (frighten)
exposed
frightened
frightening
请用动词 build 的适当形式填空:
The beautiful house over there
__________________ last year
__________________ now
__________________ next year
is intended for the aged people.
built
being built
to be built
The Town Hall _________ (complete) in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
The old man, _____________ (work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
She is the only one to think there is no need ________ (carry) out the plan.
We’re looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of the art festival ____________ (hold) tomorrow.
When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ (say) “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
Most of the people ________ (invite) to the party were famous scientists.
His anxiety _________ (leave) the office was obvious.
completed
having worked
to carry
to be held
saying
invited
to leave
五、状语
1. 不定式
(1) 表示目的
To keep us in good health, we should spare some time to do exercise every day.
She sold her ring to buy her husband a present.
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致
Wrong: To save money, every means has been tried.
right: To save money, he has tried every means.
In order not to disturb his parents, he got up early and cooked breakfast himself.
Tom kept quiet about the accident ______________ (not, lose) his job.
in order not to lose
(2) 表示结果(常用only放在不定式前表示强调)
He arrived at the airport, only ___________ (tell) the actress had left.
The differences between American and British English are so trivial as hardly ____________ (notice).
(3) 与形容词连用
It’s too dark for us ________ (see) anything.
The question is simple for him __________ (answer).
to be told
to be noticed
to see
to answer
五、状语
2. 分词
While watching television, ____.
A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell rang
C. the doorbell rings D. we heard the doorbell rings
___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
He dropped the glass, _______ (break) it into pieces.
Though ______ (rain) heavily, it cleared up very soon.
Though _____ of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
told
breaking
raining
五、状语
3. 独立结构
The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ___ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
The field _______ (plough), he began to spread seed.
Time _________ (permit), we’ll do another two exercises.
There _____ (be) no bus, I had to walk home.
ploughed
permitting
being
五、状语
4. 特殊形式作状语
分词类：
Generally speaking 总的说来，
Strictly speaking 严格地说，
Judging from / by 从…判断，
Talking of 说到，
Allowing for / Considering 考虑到，
Counting 算上，
Given … 考虑到…
不定式类：
To tell (you) the truth, 老实说，
To begin with, 首先，
To be exact/ brief, 精确地说/简言之，
To conclude, To sum up, 总而言之，
To do him justice, 说句对他公道的话，
To make / cut a long story short, 长话短说，
To make matters / things worse, 更糟的是，
To say nothing of … 姑且不说…，
The chemical process, _______ (involve) in the treatment of materials for clothes, has ________ (damage) the environment badly in some countries, ________ (arouse) much attention of them nowadays.
_______ (take) inspiration from a Japanese architect, Mr. Smith used cardboard material for his tents.
____________ （examine） twice a year，whether it is a car or a bus or a truck，is the rule that every driver shall obey in this city．
I’m sure your suggestion will contribute to _______ (solve) the problem.
Hobbies mainly ________ (pursue) for relaxation and enjoyment vary from person to person.
involved
damaged
arousing
Taking
Being examined
solving
pursued
To avoid _____________ (punish), he preferred not to tell the truth that he broke the vase.
Dear passengers, to ensure your safety, please remain ________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
I can hardly imagine so pretty a girl like you _______ (like) boxing.
The international agreement, ________ (intend) to encourage children not to smoke and help people to kick the habit, was signed on Feb. 27.
A high-tech park is announced __________ (build) in the area, but I don’t know when the project will be put into practice.
being punished
seated
liking
intended
to be built