2024届高考英语虚拟语气讲解课件(共20张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语虚拟语气讲解课件(共20张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-16 23:18:08 | ||
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(共20张PPT)
The subjunctive mood
虚拟语气
语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气的概念
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.
If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
与过去事实相反
与现在事实相反
与将来事实相反
如果我是你，我就会努力学习．
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．
如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．
If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.
If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
More practice:
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设
与过去相反的假设
与将来相反的假设
If+主语+did/were
主语+should/would/
might/could＋动词
原形
If+主语+had +done
主语＋should,
would, might, could
＋have done
1、If+主语+did
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
主语＋should, would
might, could＋动词
原形
错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气
从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
非真实条件句省略句
If I were you, I would not miss the chance.
Were I you, I would not miss the chance.
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．
If he had done it，he would have felt sorry.
If the sun were to rise in the west，how surprised people would be
If it should rain，the game would be put off.
More practice:
Had he done it，he would have felt sorry.
Were the sun to rise in the west，how surprised people would be
Should it rain，the game would be put off.
条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without/but for/but that(要不是因为...),or/or else/otherwise(否则)
But for/without his help,we would not have finished the project.
If it hadn't been your help...
I didn't know the news, or/or else/otherwise I would have told you.
If I had known the news, I would have told you.
二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
（1）用于宾语从句
１、wish 后面的宾语从句中。
一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
现在 did/were 过去 had done
将来 would/might/could do
我希望自己是只小鸟。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
真希望昨晚看了那部电影。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.
我希望自己能出国深造。
I wish (that) I would\could continue my study abroad.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。
1.insist, 2.order, command, 3.suggest, advise, propose, 4.require, request, demand, ask
We suggested (that) the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，应用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request/instruction/recommendation 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略．
（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句 P24
My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.
We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s natural that she should do so.
3. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
4.真奇怪她竟然没来。
It is strange that she should not come.
（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中 P24
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从
句也常用(should )+动词原型
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
should可以翻译成什么？
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that sb. did/should do (should不能省略) 是时候该做某事了/早该做某事了
It is high time that you went / should go to school.
2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式did; 如果是过去的情况,应用had done;表示将来would/could...
If only I knew the answer!
If only I had seen the film yesterday!
If only I could join in the camping tomorrow!
3. would rather/had rather/would sooner + 从句 宁可某人做某事
would rather sb. did / had done
I would rather you told me the truth.
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用did；与过去事实相反用had done.与将来相反，用could,should,might,could.
*It looks as if it is going to rain.
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.
He spoke as if he had known about it
四 情态动词+ have done
could have done 本来可以- - -
might have done 本来可能 - - -
should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -
shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做 - -
你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .
needn’t have done 本不必做 - - -
比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - -
我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了
I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
would have done 本来会去做----
我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．
I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would have
bought that book.
Choose the best answer:
It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages.
A. could b. can C. should D. would
2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm.
A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished
3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A, might have given B. might give C.may have given
4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China.
A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was
C
A
A
A
5. He is talking so much about America as if he
_____ there.
had been B. has been
C. was D. has gone
6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing
wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all
right now.
are B. were C. would be
D. would have been
8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment
ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
B
B
c
A
The subjunctive mood
虚拟语气
语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气的概念
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.
If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.
与过去事实相反
与现在事实相反
与将来事实相反
如果我是你，我就会努力学习．
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．
如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．
If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.
If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.
If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
More practice:
一、虚拟语气在条件句中
虚拟条件句 主句
与现在事实相反的假设
与过去相反的假设
与将来相反的假设
If+主语+did/were
主语+should/would/
might/could＋动词
原形
If+主语+had +done
主语＋should,
would, might, could
＋have done
1、If+主语+did
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
主语＋should, would
might, could＋动词
原形
错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气
从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。
非真实条件句省略句
If I were you, I would not miss the chance.
Were I you, I would not miss the chance.
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．
If he had done it，he would have felt sorry.
If the sun were to rise in the west，how surprised people would be
If it should rain，the game would be put off.
More practice:
Had he done it，he would have felt sorry.
Were the sun to rise in the west，how surprised people would be
Should it rain，the game would be put off.
条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without/but for/but that(要不是因为...),or/or else/otherwise(否则)
But for/without his help,we would not have finished the project.
If it hadn't been your help...
I didn't know the news, or/or else/otherwise I would have told you.
If I had known the news, I would have told you.
二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
（1）用于宾语从句
１、wish 后面的宾语从句中。
一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
现在 did/were 过去 had done
将来 would/might/could do
我希望自己是只小鸟。
I wish (that) I were a bird.
真希望昨晚看了那部电影。
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.
我希望自己能出国深造。
I wish (that) I would\could continue my study abroad.
2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。
1.insist, 2.order, command, 3.suggest, advise, propose, 4.require, request, demand, ask
We suggested (that) the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明”讲时，insist 表示“坚持认为”之意时，应用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意．
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱．
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request/instruction/recommendation 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should＋动词原形” should可以省略．
（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句 P24
My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.
We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.
A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形
我们有必要出去散散步。
It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
2. 她这样做是很自然的。
It’s natural that she should do so.
3. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
4.真奇怪她竟然没来。
It is strange that she should not come.
（3）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中 P24
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that…..句型中从
句也常用(should )+动词原型
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
should可以翻译成什么？
三、虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that sb. did/should do (should不能省略) 是时候该做某事了/早该做某事了
It is high time that you went / should go to school.
2. If only 引导的感叹句（要是．．．该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式did; 如果是过去的情况,应用had done;表示将来would/could...
If only I knew the answer!
If only I had seen the film yesterday!
If only I could join in the camping tomorrow!
3. would rather/had rather/would sooner + 从句 宁可某人做某事
would rather sb. did / had done
I would rather you told me the truth.
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
4. as if ( as though) 看起来 常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用did；与过去事实相反用had done.与将来相反，用could,should,might,could.
*It looks as if it is going to rain.
He treats the boy as if he were his own son.
He spoke as if he had known about it
四 情态动词+ have done
could have done 本来可以- - -
might have done 本来可能 - - -
should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -
shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做 - -
你本不应该告诉她真相。
You shouldn’t have told her the truth .
needn’t have done 本不必做 - - -
比较：didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - -
我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了
I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
would have done 本来会去做----
我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．
I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would have
bought that book.
Choose the best answer:
It is strange that the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages.
A. could b. can C. should D. would
2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm.
A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished
3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A, might have given B. might give C.may have given
4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China.
A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was
C
A
A
A
5. He is talking so much about America as if he
_____ there.
had been B. has been
C. was D. has gone
6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing
wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all
right now.
are B. were C. would be
D. would have been
8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment
ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
B
B
c
A