中考英语二轮语法专题复习-非谓语动词 课件

(共28张PPT)
中考英语二轮语法专题复习
非谓语动词
Content
定义
01
形式
02
考点
03
实战演练
04
目录
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式to do、动名词doing和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
定义
01
形式
02
考点一：不定式
不定式的基本形式是（not）to＋动词原形，无人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
My father asked me not to eat too much.
句法作用
主语
宾语
定语
状语
表语
宾语补足语
(1)作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb.)＋动词不定式。
It's important (for us) to protect the environment.
注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
It's very kind of you to help me.
(2)作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。
Would you like to see a film with me this evening
②在find，think，feel后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
I find it easy to read English every day.
(3)作定语
动词不定式作定语时，放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have a lot of homework to do.
(4)作状语
Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.(目的)
We're glad to meet you here. (原因)
He is too tired to work on.(结果)
(5)宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
(6)表语
My dream is to be a good teacher.
温馨提示
2. help后接不定式时可以省略to；
■请输入您标题
1. 有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：
feel; hear, listen to; let, make, have; see, watch, notice, look at
简记为“一感二听三使四看”，
上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。
■请输入您标题
①Tom helped his brother (to) learn to swim.
变为被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.
②We often hear Jack sing English songs.
变为被动语态：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.
牢记以下词后面跟动词不定式
01
02
03
1. want, would like, get, decide, learn, teach, wish, hope, expect, agree, plan, pretend, enough, dare, refuse, fail, prepare, try, manage, help, offer, beg, afford, promise, be+形容词后, 疑问词后, 序数词后 ，the+形容词最高级后
2. be supposed to do sth，be used to do sth, used to do sth(过去常常做某事）
3.句子：It’s one’s duty to do sth.
It takes sb +钱或时间to do sth.
2. 考点二：动名词
动名词由动词原形＋ ing构成，与现在分词同形。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。
句法作用
Eating too much is bad for your health.
谓语动词用单数
I like playing basketball very much.
表示习惯性的动作
My hobby is eating meat.
多数情况下可转换为动名词作主语
Bill is in the reading room.
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等
主语
表语
宾语
定语
牢记
1.其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，can't help/can't stop，be used to(习惯于)，所有介词等
2. 其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。
牢记
3．当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。
The window needs cleaning.
＝The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。
牢记
4. 部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事（未做）
forget doing sth. 忘了做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘了去做某事（未做）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事
hear/see sb. doing sth. 听见/看见某人正在做某事 hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事
go on to do sth 做完一件事，接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续不停做某事
can't help to do不能帮助做 can't help doing忍不住要做
牢记
5. 但部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义基本相同。
接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为
初中常见的如以下词：
begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue
考点三：分词
构成：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+-ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”。
分词的句法功能
01
定语
02
状语
①Do you know the boy playing football
②Please hand in your written exercise.
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语
分词的句法功能
03
表语
04
宾语补足语
①The news is exciting.
②I’m interested in the book.
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态
①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time.
②I had my hair cut last night.
现在分词作补足语, 被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语（即主动关系）；
过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语（即被动关系)。
现在分词与过去分词的区别
①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。 a surprising
news 令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人
②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
实战演练
一. 单项选择
1. —Do you know whether the man _______ by the door is Mr. Smith
—Sure. We’ve known each other for a long time.
A. stand B. standing C. stood D. stands
【解析】选B。standing by the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。
2. It’s dangerous _______ with the wild animal.
A. for us to play B. of us playing
C. for us playing D. of us to play
【解析】选A。It’s+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人……”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选A。
3. We don’t know _______ it next. Let’s go and ask Mr. Li.
A. what to do B. to do what
C. whether to do D. to do whether
【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+ to do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。
4．May I have a rest I have already finished ________the report.
A．write B．writing
C．to write D．written
【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v. ing形式，故选B。
【答案】B
5．—I feel a bit hungry now.
—Why not ________for dinner with us
A．go B．did you go
C．to go D．do you go
【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why don't you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。
【答案】A
6．Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time ________what you like every day.
A．do B．to do
C．doing D．done
【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。
【答案】B
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin