【掌握规律，易如反掌】高考英语语法填空课件

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2024届高考复习语法填空专题
TEST
掌握规律，语法填空易如反掌
2023.8.1
TEST
有很多同学说到语法填空，看着那个“空”我是真不知道填啥，即使填对了词，也会填错这个词的变型！
高考中这个题其实不难，因为实在是太套路了，对付套路的办法不是用大块时间来琢磨怎么提分，而是get技巧就好了，无论怎么考，万变不离其宗。↓
01名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要考虑单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：There are many students living at school，the______ (child) houses are all far from school.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式——复数的所有格children’s。
02动词的形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。一般先看是否缺谓语，若是考谓语，要考虑谓语的时态，然后是语态，再次是语气。若是考非谓语，要先考虑是主动还是被动，是不定式还是现在分词或是过去分词。
例：A talk_______ (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given.
03 代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another等。
例：The king decided to see the painter by ________(he).
讲解：由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
We enjoyed________at the party.
讲解：enjoy为及物动词，没有其它动作对象，用反身代词
反身代词是常考的考点之一。
总结：若及物动词或介词后没有其他动作对象时，用反身代词
04形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和.est，或在词前more/less和most/least，且形容词的级还要冠以the。
例：I am _____ (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
谨记： 看准所作成分和位置是做好形容词和副词的关键
副词和形容词是语法填空必考的考点，所以如何使用形容词和副词就极为关键。
一般说来，形容词的考点常作：定语（名词前），表语（系动词后）或宾补（宾语后）。
副词的位置如下：
句子前后，动词前后，形容词前，副词前，名词短语前，介词短语前等。
例如：A strong vacabulary can increase the student’s confidence in social and ______________(profession )situation.
讲解：后有名词situation ,我们可以看出此处做定语，再根据并列连词and前social是形容词，所以答案为形容词professional。
Mr.Brown always makes his class lively and ___________(interest).
讲解：此处要填成分在宾语his class后，所以为宾语补足语，再加上在并列连词and后，所以用形容词interesting，
例如：1.________(brief ),the more students they know ,the moresuccess they see at school.
讲解：句子前，用副词，又在开头，所以要大写，所以用Briefly。
2.Thecompleted16 projects can provide 15.1 million kilowatt hours of clean electricity_______(annual).
讲解：句子后，用副词，答案为annually。
3.In my opinion, his idea is __________(entire) wrong.
讲解：形容词前用副词，答案为entirely。
4.Much to my delight ,my best friend, Tony,is __________(complete) in favor of my plan.
讲解：介词短语前，用副词，答案为completely
05 数词形式变化
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a _______(three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
06词的派生
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，so he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
07固定短语结构
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。（这种往往没有提示词，难度也会更大一些）
例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enjoy oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例2：His boss was____angry as to fire him．
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
08从句引导词
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从句中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例2：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。
09短语动词结构
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：The US consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for leave to take_____of her．
ask for live请假，生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
10介词短语结构
介词短语即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
11连词、关联短语结构
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
12冠词、介词和常用的副词
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例2：Old Tom’s grand daughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
13上下文中出现的相关词
这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
上面的大家都掌握了之后，再分享一些比
较好的记忆的口诀和要点总结，以便于学生对
语法填空的正确选择 。
接不定式作宾语的动词
三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：petend，choose
句子种类口诀
句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。
陈述用来叙述一件事，疑问主要用来提问题。
祈使表达命令和请求，表达强烈感情感叹句。
上述就是句种之定义，祈使主语you被抛弃。
若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加don’t是正理
冠词基本用法
名词是秃子，常要戴帽子，
可数名词单，须用a或an，
辅音前用a，an在元音前，
若为特指时，则须用定冠，
复数不可数，泛指the不见，
碰到代词时，冠词均不现。
牛刀小试
1. 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The revitalization（复苏）of abandoned properties in rural China is on the rise. Each 1 (locate) in remote Chinese towns, the following three striking hotels are far from the hustle of the city.
WuYuan Skywells Hotel in Jiangxi province, a previously neglected 300-year-old mansion, was 2
(incredible) restored to its former glory, while maintaining its regional architectural feature Tian jing, a narrow and tall courtyard pulling sunlight inside, 3 introducing elements of modern comfort.Similarly, by the end of 2022, designers 4 (restore) the Bamboo Craft Village near Chengdu city, preserving the construction traditions to build an extremely 5 (impress) roof. Seen from above, the shape of this building is like a figure “8” or the infinity sign “∞”.
The Treewow Tribe in Zhejiang province 6 (feature) houses that are surrounded by a sea of bamboo trees to provide tourists 7 comfortable privacy. Notably, the free-form roof imitates the free-flowing lines of nature, gracefully 8 (invite) the green landscape into the private space.
Marrying the charm of traditional Chinese designs and the 9 (rich) of modern living, these hotels will definitely offer you 10 unforgettable experience and a perfect getaway.
2. In their spare time, most young people like to enjoy ___1___ (they)and play on their smartphones. But Li Ruxue is different. He often walks around a forest alone, ___2___ (isolate) himself from the outside world. “Though the lifestyle is a little bit tiring, it’s meaningful,” he often said.
In college, Li actively took part in field research. After graduation, he joined a gibbon protection organization where what he mainly needs to do is ___3___ (pick)up gibbon waste. The gibbon is a top-level state-protected animal ___4___ population is smaller than that of wild giant pandas. So over the past four and a half years, Li ___5___ (follow)gibbons and collecting their waste for researchers. Li said the job relies heavily on luck and ___6___ (persevere). But he has never regretted his choice or felt alone.
Like Li, Chu Wenwen, 27, has also worked to protect animals. As her father is engaged ___7___ wildlife research, Chu has long been surrounded by wild animals. She followed in her father’s footsteps. Listed as ___8___ first-class state-protected animal in China, the Mengxin beaver is found only along the Ulungur River in Xinjiang’s Altay prefecture.To protect them, Chu initiated the “beaver canteen” program, which ___9___ (eventual) attracted over I million internet users to donate snack money.
According to Fan Pengfei, ___10___ (ecology) protection as an industry can provide only a few jobs,most of which are in research institutes and nongovernmental organizations. He has seen more and more young people take part-time jobs as journalists, photographers and so on to raise public awareness of wildlife protection. “Young people are the future of the world and the future of global biodiversity conservation,” said Fan.
Key to the exercises
1. 1.located 2.incredibly 3 and 4.had restored 5.impressive
6.features 7.with 8.inviting 9.richness 10.an
2. 1．themselves 2．isolating 3．picking 4．whose
5．has been following 6．perseverance 7．in 8．a 9．eventually
10．ecological

The End
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