中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八年级上册:Unit 3语法及写作 知识梳理与精练
一.知识解析
考点一 形容词的比较等级
一、形容词比较等级的构成
1.规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节 词和少 数双音 节词 一般直接加-er,-est long tall longer taller longest tallest
以不发音的e 结尾时加-r,-st late large later larger latest largest
以辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i,再加-er,-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
多音节 词和部 分双音 节词 在原级前加more,most careful more careful most careful
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
many/much more most
bad/ill worse worst
little less least
far farther(较远) further(进一步) farthest(最远) furthest(最大限度)
old older(年纪较大的) elder(较年长的) oldest(年纪最大的) eldest(最年长的)
二、形容词原级的用法
1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词原级。如:
The flowers in the garden are beautiful.花园里的花很漂亮。
2.表示绝对概念的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。如:
The boy is too young.这个男孩太小了。
3.表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
(1)肯定句中的结构:“A
+as+形容词原级+as+B”。如:
English is as interesting as Chinese.英文和中文一样有趣。
(2)否定句中的结构:“A...+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B”。如:
This book isn’t so new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。
否定句的结构中部分双音节和多音节形容词除使用“not...as/so+形容词原级+as”结构外,还可使用“less+形容词原级+than”结构。如:
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.他认为汉语没有英语有趣。
(3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A...+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词+times)。如:
Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍大。
(4)half as+形容词原级+as表示“……是……的一半”。如:
Her room is half as big as yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。
三、形容词比较级的用法
1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A+be+比较级+than+B”。如:
Lily’s room is bigger than mine.莉莉的房间比我的大。
注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中the one代替可数名词单数形式,the ones或those代替可数名词复数形式,that代替单数名词或不可数名词。如:
The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.冬天,天津的天气比广州的冷。
2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,any等修饰形容词时,该形容词可以用比较级。如:
It is much colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天冷得多。
3.表示两者之间进行选择,“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who+be+形容词比较级,A or B ”表示。如:
Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao 谁比较高,李明还是王涛
4.表示“几倍……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。如:
Your room is three times bigger than mine.你的房间比我的大两倍。
5.表示“两者之间比较……的一个”时,常用“主语+be+the+比较级+of the two...”结构。如:
Mary is the taller of the twins.玛丽是双胞胎中比较高的那个。
6.表示“越来越……”时用“比较级+and+比较级”,当形容词为多音节词或部分双音节词时,用“more and more+形容词原级”。如:
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和了。
7.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构。如:
The more,the better.越多越好。
二.知识拓展
8.farther和further
far的比较级 含义及用法 例句
farther 在谈论地点、方向或距离时,farther和further可以互换 A table stood at the farther/further end of the kitchen.厨房的那一头放着一张桌子。
further further还有“更多的,更进一步的,附加的”等含义,这时不能与farther互换使用 We must get further information. 我们必须获得更多信息。
9.older和elder
(1)old的比较级是older和elder。older常用于比较的句型中,表示“较老的,较旧的,年纪较大的”。elder主要用来表示兄弟姐妹或子女的长幼关系,意为“年长的”。如:
Your bike is older than mine.你的自行车比我的旧。
He’s older than you.他年龄比你大。
He’s my elder brother.他是我哥哥。
(2)elder除指家庭成员外,也可以指其他人,意思是“资格老的”。如:
He is an elder teacher.他是个资格较老的教师。
10.在同一范围内比较时,必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如:
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(在同一范围内,只能和其他对象进行比较)
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(在不同范围内,可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)
11.某些形容词说明事物间的关系,如方位、时间、用途等,没有比较级的变化,如same,different,southern,northern,Chinese,Japanese等。如:
My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一样。
四、形容词最高级的用法
1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前常加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。如:
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。
例 Molly is girl of the three.
A.most outgoing B.more outgoing
C.the most outgoing D.outgoing
答案 C
思路点拨 首先由四个选项可知此题考查形容词的比较等级结构;然后根据标志词of+名词可确定此处应用形容词的最高级形式,最后根据outgoing这个多音节词的最高级形式及其前需加the的规定选出答案。
2.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is+the+最高级,A,B or C ”结构。如:
Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou 哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海还是福州
3.表示“最……的……之一”时,用“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:
Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。
4.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最……”。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
5.形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不能再用定冠词。如:
This is our best lesson today.这是我们今天最好的一节课。
6.形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。如:
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李雷是他班上最高的学生。
=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.李雷比他班上其他所有的学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.李雷比他班上其他任何人都高。
=No one is taller than Li Lei in his class.在班里没有人比李雷高。
=Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class.李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。
=Li Lei is taller than the rest of the students in his class.李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。
题组训练 根据汉语提示完成句子
①There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.
今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。
②His idea sounds great .他的主意听起来很棒。
③He is as tall as his father.他和他的父亲一样高。
④The film is too boring .这部电影太无聊了。
⑤It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。
⑥Suzhou is becoming more and more beautiful .苏州变得越来越美丽。
⑦This picture is the best of all.这幅画是所有的画中最好的。
⑧She is the second tallest girl in our class.她是我们班第二高的女生。
三.随堂练习
1.Although it is becoming much in the early spring of the year, I think you still have to wear enough clothes to prevent a cold.
A.cooler B.wetter
C.warmer D.colder
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然在今年早春天气暖和多了。我想你还是应该穿足够的衣服来预防感冒。
2.—How did you make this delicious soup
—My old grandma taught me. It’s a kind of food in my hometown.
A.terrible B.cheap
C.traditional D.modern
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你怎样做出这么美味的汤的 ——我的老奶奶教我的。在我的家乡这是一种传统食物。terrible难吃的;cheap便宜的;traditional传统的;modern现代的。
3.—Tim plays computer games too much.
—That’s why his mother is his eyes.
A.worried about B.surprised at
C.interested in D.proud of
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——Tim玩电脑游戏太多了。——那就是他妈妈担心他的眼睛的原因。本题考查形容词短语辨析。be worried about对……担忧;be surprised at对……惊讶;be interested in对……感兴趣;be proud of对……感到骄傲。
4.—How is it going with you recently, John
—Very well, Dad. I’m working hard and trying to be one of the in my class.
A.best B.worst C.tallest D.shortest
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——John,你近来一切怎样啊 ——非常好,爸爸。我很努力,尽力成为班上最好的之一。本题考查形容词辨析。A.最好的;B.最糟的;C.最高的;D.最短的。由working hard and trying to be...可判断选择A项。
写作专题——写人叙事作文
写人记叙文,是通过对人物思想性格的刻画来表现中心思想的,也就是写人要写“魂”。写人时,首先要确定文章的中心,然后选择典型事件来写。
【常用词汇】
外貌特征:beautiful,fat,tall,thin,lovely,short,strong,pretty,healthy,good looking等。
性格特征:kind,lazy,friendly,smart,confident,shy,naughty,outgoing等。
表示年龄:at the age of…,be born,in one's fifties,a fifteen year old boy
【常用句型】
He looks like… 他看上去好像……
She has long black hair.她有一头长而黑的秀发。
He used to be/have… 他过去是/有……
His favorite subject is… 他最喜欢的学科是……
【万能模块】
…like him very much.I think he…
【典型例题】
母爱情深,母爱无价;学会感恩,学会回报。某英语网站举办以“My mother”为题的英语征文活动。请你根据下列思维导图提供的信息,写一篇短文,介绍自己的母亲和你们的真情故事。
【满分范文】
My Mother
We need love.We also need to love.The person I love most is my mother.My mother is 41 years old now.She is a history teacher in a middle school.She is a woman of medium build with long black hair.She is quiet.She likes dancing.She can cook delicious food.
She did a lot for me when I was a child.She bought whatever I needed for my study,even though she didn't have much money.She sent me from piano lessons to dancing lessons at the weekend.She cooked delicious and healthy food for me.
When I grow up,I will do what I can to make my mother happy.I will find a good job after I graduate from college.I'll save money and buy beautiful clothes that make her look still young.I'll take her to wonderful sights around China.Most importantly,I will stay with her when I have free time.That's what she wants most,I think.
随堂练习
青少年杂志决定举行一次以“我最好的朋友”为题的英语征文比赛。假如你最好的朋友是王梅,请结合以下的要点写一篇80词左右的短文。
1.王梅是光明中学八年级的学生,和我同一个班。
2.我班最苗条的女孩。有着圆圆的脸,眼睛大而明亮。每个人认为她是一个十分可爱的女孩。
3.慷慨、乐于助人。她总是帮助我学习功课,愿意与我分享一切。
4.她是个快乐的女孩,喜欢讲笑话,我不开心的时候,逗我开心。
5.喜欢写作,长大之后想做一名著名的作家。
【参考范文】
I want to tell you about my best friend named Wang Mei. Wang Mei is a Grade 8 student in Guangming Middle School. We are in the same class. She is the slimmest girl in my class. She has a round face. Her eyes are big and bright. Everyone thinks she is a lovely girl. She is generous and helpful. She always helps me with my lessons. She is. willing to share everything with me. She is also a happy girl. She likes telling jokes. When I am unhappy, she always
makes me laugh.
She likes writing. When she grows up, she wants to be a famous writer.