人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing Reading and Thinkin课件(共41张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册 Unit 4 Sharing Reading and Thinkin课件(共41张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-19 07:27:30 | ||
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(共41张PPT)
新人教版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Sharing
Reading and Thinking
to get some basic information about volunteering.
To understand the passage about volunteering in Papua New Guinea.
To know about the education and living conditions in less developed areas.
To increase the awareness of the importance of helping others.
What are they doing
In recent years , volunteering has been spread among Chinese people.
Lead-in
Sweep the street to make the community clean .
Deliver the goods and materials to help the people isolated at home.
Help people to line up and prepare with nucleic acid testing.
Lead-in
As China is becoming more and more powerful, it has the ability to help more other countries in more aspects . Here is an example of China aid.
Some young people in Africa are enjoying water at a new well which was dug by China.
Lead-in
Help the needy
Why should we help them
What does “needy” mean here
Who are the needy What do they need
Warming Up
Volunteer teachers can make a big difference to the children's future.
What can you see in the photos
What kind of life do you think the people live in the photos
What challenges do you think she might have faced
Look & discuss
Eating
cultural conflict
Language
customs
dislike
lonely
strange
frightened
Challenges:
Papua New Guinea.
What do you know about Papua New Guinea
/ p pu nju g n /
Papua New Guinea(PNG)
Papua New Guinea (巴布亚新几内亚) is
located just to the north of Australia.
About eight million people speaking
about 820 languages live in this nation.
The country's literacy rate is about 64%.
Though education is provided for free, many communities don't have schools.
Many schools have volunteer groups teaching languages,
games and sports, construction, medical work …
Now, let's read the blog entries by Jo and find out more about her volunteer experience in Papua New Guinea.
Skimming
Read the two blog entries by Jo.
A remote and unexplored area.
teaching in a bush school
visiting Tombe’s home
what
where
Para. 1:
C. The author’s feeling after visiting the village
B. Jo received a parcel from home
A.What the author witnessed in Tombe’s village
D. The conditions about the bush school and
the challenges Jo has to be faced with
Para. 2-3:
Para. 5-7:
Para. 8:
Listen to the text and match the main idea with each part.
Para. 4:
E. How Jo got to Tombe’s home
Fast reading
Skim
Detailed reading
Para1. Jo received a parcel from home
How did Jo feel when receiving the parcel from home
She was happy / delighted / excited to receive the parcel.
be dying to do 渴望做某事
Why did Jo feel that way
Because she was expecting the parcel and eager to receive it. It reflects the inconvenience of transportation and express delivery, as well as the lack of essential supplies.
Skim
Detailed reading
Para2-3. The conditions about the bush school and the challenges Jo has to be faced with
Skim
Detailed reading
Para2. The conditions about the bush school
What does the school look like
How does the students impress Jo
They are so friendly but have poor living conditions.
poor
Skim
Detailed reading
Para3.The challenges Jo has to be faced with
What do the students have
only
What don’t they have
They are lack of both basic facilities and learning equipment.
How did Jo feel about the challenge
Doubtful
What has been Jo’s most challenging subject to teach Why
Detailed reading
Para4. How Jo got to Tombe’s home
destination
companion
distance
reception
Tombe’s home in a remote village
another teacher
two and a half hours’ walk
Kiak cried “ieee ieee”; shook hands with all the villagers
hospitable 好客的
Detailed reading
Para5-7. What the author witnessed in Tombe’s village
Living conditions
Eating culture
Belief
They lived a primitive life with no concept of science.
Hospitable !
poor
simple
Detailed reading
Para8. The author’s feeling after visiting the village
What was Jo’s feeling after visiting the village
Though exhausted, she felt happy and she thought it a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
an honor
It is worthwhile to work as an volunteer.
Would you like to become a volunteer
Why or why not
Discussion
As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.
–Sam Levenson
Jo wrote the blog entries to tell us her (1)__________(teach) life in a bush school as a volunteer. She described the school whose classrooms (2)___________ (make) of bamboo and roofs of grass. They had never come across chemistry experiments (3)_________ Jo came here. Jo gave a detailed (4)_____________ (describe) of her first visit to a village. After two and a half (5)_______ (hour) of walking, she arrived at Tombe’s home (6)________ she could see a low bamboo hut with grass (7)________ (stick) out of the roof, which had no windows. Inside the house, she found a newly made platform for Jenny and her to sleep (8)_____. Outside the house, Tombe’s father, Mukap laid stones on the fire, and placed them in (9)_____ empty oil drum with kau kau, ripe corn and greens. He then (10)________ (cover) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. She felt happy after the visit to Tombe’s family.
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
teaching
were made
before
description
hours
where
sticking
on
an
covered
Summary
help the needy 帮助有需要的人
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
secondary school 中学
be made of 由……制成
a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
up to 多达（某数量等）
not to mention 更不用说；且不说
Language Points
8.adapt to 适应
9. have no concept of ... 没有……的概念
e across 遇见；发现
11.be relevant to 与……相关
12.make a difference to 对……有影响
upside down 上下颠倒
dry up /out 擦干……；弄干……
1. help the needy 帮助需要帮助的人、贫困的人
2. face a challenge 面对挑战
3. compare... with... 把...和比较...
4. get the most out of sth 好好利用
5. parcel [C] 包裹；小包 vt. 裹好...
a parcel of 一包……；一堆……
parcel sth up 把......包起来
6. It (The parcel) took about two weeks to arrive.
Sb/Sth takes time to do sth 某人、物花...时间做某事
Sth takes (sb) time to do 某事花...时间去做
It takes (sb) time to do sth 做某事花（某人）...时间去做
=It takes time (for sb) to do sth. 做某事花（某人）...时间去做
Language Points
The cut/wound took about two weeks _________(heal).
It takes me only a few minutes _________ to school down a dusty track ___________(cover) in weeds.
7. have been dying to have...一直渴望吃到...
=have been longing/desiring/extremely eager to have...
be dying to do sth /for sth 渴望做某事、获得某物
=long to do sth/for sth
=desire to do sth / sth
=be extremely eager to do sth /for sth
8. to get mail/post 收到邮件
much/a piece of mail/post 很多、一份邮件
send sth by mail/post 通过邮递寄送...
=mail/post sb sth /sth to sb 给某邮寄某物
to heal
to walk
covered
9. secondary school/education/teachers 中学/中等教育/中学教师
be secondary to sth/doing sth 次于， 排在...后面
Experience is ___________ matters－age is of secondary importance. （...是次要的）
10. be made of 由……制成
11. I’m greeted by/with a chorus of “good morning” from the boys.
男孩们齐声对我问候“早上好”。
=The boys greeted me with a chorus of “good morning”.
1) be greeted by/with (a smile/kiss/hug/cries of welcome/loud cheers)
=greet sb with sth/by doing sth
（微笑着、吻某人、拥抱、欢呼着）迎接、招呼、问候某人
what
She greeted him with a broad smile / a loving kiss / by shouting a friendly “Hello!” 她以满面的笑容、一个深情的吻、友好地喊了一声“哈喽” 迎接他。
be greeted by/with (applause/cheers/laughter/relief /suspicion)
以（鼓掌、欢呼、大笑、宽慰、怀疑的方式）对...做出反应；
被报以 或受到（怀疑、鼓掌、欢呼、大笑、宽慰、）
The speech/the news/change was greeted with/by loud cheers/ with suspicion. (=was met with ...)
这次讲话、这个消息、这次变革受到热烈的欢呼、怀疑。
=Loud cheers/applause/laughter greeted the speech/news/change.
=People greeted the speech/news/change with suspicion.
a burst/round of / bursts /rounds of loud applause/ cheers/laughter 一阵（阵）鼓掌、欢呼、大笑声
be greeted by (the view/sound/smell...)
（景色）映入某人眼帘；（声音、气味）传入某人耳中、鼻中
As we entered the room/opened the door, we were greeted
by the familiar smell of baking bread.
by a scene of utter confusion / complete disorder/silence/chaos.
by bird song.
2) (be greeted with) a chorus of “good morning” /praise/complaint /thanks/protest/agreement/approval/cheers/applause...
（受到）齐声、异口同声地问候“早上好”、表扬、抱怨、感谢、抗议、赞同、赞许、欢呼、鼓掌...
The proposal was greeted/met with a chorus of approval/ disapproval. 这项提议受到异口同声地赞成、反对。
join the chorus 参加合唱团，歌舞队
join in the chorus of complaints 齐声表示不满
“Good morrning, Mrs, Smith, “ they said/answered in chorus.
=”Good morning, Mrs, Sith, “ they chorused.
“...” 他们齐声齐声说、回答。
12. walk a long way /for...two and half hours to get to (school) 步行很长的路赶到（学校）
13. up to (two hours) 多大（两小时）
14. There’s no electricity, running water and or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!
not to mention 更不用说；而且还(作状语，一般用于肯定句之后表示还有更令人意外的事）(page 17, Ex. 3)
=not to speak of.../to say nothing of/=and in addition there is/are...
(更正：let alone)
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上，更不可能 （作状语，用于否定句之后，表示接着提到的事更不可能, =and certainly not）
He has two big houses in this city, __________________ his villa(别墅) in the country.
He has no flat in the country, __________a villa in the country.
The scholar has a good command of ancient Greek and Latin, _____________Spanish, which is his mother tongue.
He can not speak English, _____________ German.
Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the city, ______________ the damage to the environment.
I have hardly time to think these days , _________ relax.
They have three dogs to look after, _______ the cat and the bird.
not to mention
let alone
not to mention
let alone
let alone
not to mention
not to mention
15. try to adapt (onself) to these conditions/environments/cliamates
设法适应这些条件、环境、气候
16. become imaginative in (teaching) 在（教学方面）更加富有想象力
17. have no concept/idea of sth/doing sth (doing expeirments)
没有...的概念；不懂得 (=be unable to understand)
He has no concept of ______ difficult life is if you’re unemployed.
18. be rigid about (rules) 墨守成规
19. the other day前几天
20. was/were doing (showing the boys a chemistry experiment) when.... 正在做某事这时候...
how
21. before I knew it 不知不觉地，我还没有反应过来
22. come across sb/sth 遇见；发现
23. be relevant to sb/sth 与……相关
24. to be honest (with sb) 老实（对某人）说
25. I doubt whether... 我怀疑是否...
I don’t doubt that...我不怀疑...
There is some doubt whether... 是否...还存在一些疑虑
There is no/little doubt that... 毫不怀疑...
26. make a/some/any/much/no/little difference to sb/sth
对...产生一些、很多、没有、没什么影响
27. make one’s first visti to (a remote village) 第一次到访（一个偏僻的村子）
28. Another teacher and I walked......, first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, then down a shaded path to...
1) from where, by when, since when引导的特殊定语从句
He climbed up to the top of the temple, ____________ he could see nothing but trees.
That was 1949, ____________ things have been better.
The baby is due in May, _____________ his new house should be finished.
from where
since when
by when
Compare:
From _________ I stood I could see everything clearly.
2) from..., sb has/gets (a) fantastic/wonderful view(s) (of the valley/city)
从...地方， 某人看到（峡谷、城市的）美妙的景色
She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
3) a shaded path一条树荫遮蔽的小路
(sit) in the shade of (a tree/wall) （坐在）（树、墙壁的）阴凉处
29. shake hands with sb 与某人握手 (shook, shaken)
where
（连接副词引导宾语从句）
30. be (closely/distantly) related to sb. 与某人有亲戚（近亲、远亲）关系
=be a (close/disant) relation/relative to sb
是某人的亲戚（近房亲戚、远房）亲戚
Compare:
What’s your relationship to Sue/each other 你跟Sue、你们彼此是什么亲戚关系？
be (closely/directly) related to sb/sth
与...有（密切、直接）联系
=be (closely/directly) linked to/with sb/sth
=be (closely/directly) connected with sb/sth
32. with a door a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof...
有一扇勉强通过的门，有茅草从屋顶伸出
介词短语 [with+ n. (+doing sth)]作定语
33. stick (sth) out of sth （使）伸出（...）
Don’t stick your arm out of the car window.
Careful! There’s a nail sticking out of that board.
34. Such housing was dark inside, so it took time for our eyes to adjust (to the darkness).
这样的房屋里面是黑的，所以需要你一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。
housing, clothing, seating 分别表示房屋、服装、座位的总称
35. in the centre of (the hut/city) 在...中心
36. build/make/light a fire 生一堆火，生个炉火
37. participate (much) in the conversation
=engage (much) in the converation 参与谈话
38. interpreter for sb 替某人口译
interpreter sth as...把...解释为...
39. standing upside down on the gill over the fire
倒立在火炉上面的烤架上
40. dry up (the leftover food/the dishes) 烤干（剩饭）；擦干（碟子）
dry out （使）完全干透
41. drag oneself (down the mountain towards home) 拖着疲惫的身子（下山回家）
42. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
能和汤贝的家人共度一天真是太荣幸了
1) privilege [single] 荣幸，光荣，荣耀 (=honor)
[C]特殊利益， 优惠待遇
[U] （有权势的人）特权，特殊待遇
vt. 给...予特权、特别优待(=favor)
privileged adj. 有特权的；荣幸的，幸运的(=honored)
It is a privilege (for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是个荣幸。
=have the privilege to do sth. /of doing sth.有幸做某事
=be/feel privileged to do sth 很荣幸做某事
今晚我们很荣幸请到了一位尊贵的客人。
__________________________to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.
_______________________ a distinguished guest with us tonight.
_________________________________________a distinguished guest with us tonight.
Education/Good health care should not be just a privilege of the wealthy.
You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
live a life of weath and privilege 过着有钱有权的生活
a privileged position/few/background 优越的地位、有特权少数人、特权阶层
It is a great privilege for us
We have the great privilege of having/to have
We are privileged to have
1) to have done/ to have been done 不定式完成时主动和被动语态：
（作主语、宾语、状语、宾补（主补）、定语）
作主语的句型：
It is a privilege/honor/shame/pity/joy/pleasure/nice/enough to have (been) done
It has been a privilege __________________ (travel) so much in your country.
Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable Is it enough ___________________ (survive) for a long time
作宾语的句型：
sb think/consider/feel/.../it a privilege/honor... to have (been) done
to have travelled
to have survived
He felt it an honor ____________________ (invite) to the party.
They thought it a pity not ________________(invite) her.
seem/appear/pretend/happen/claim/intend... to have (been) done
She pretended not ___________(see) him.
I happened _____________(come across the book once.
Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____________ (tell) everything.
作定语
the first/second/...last/very/only/best/youngest + n. to have (been) done
It was the first book __________________ (appear) on the subject.
It was the only project _________________________ (design) by Chinese engineers.
to have been invited
to have invited
to have seen
to have come
to have been told
to have appeared
to have been designed
作原因状语
be happy/pleased/glad/lucky/sorry/proud/ashamed/likely... to have (been) done
John was pleased ___________________(offer) the job.
I’m sorry ______________ (keep) you waiting.
作主补（在被动语态之后）
be said/thought/believed/known/considered/understood/reported to have done
The enemy was reported _________________(withdraw) from their position.
The book is said ________________________(translate) into many languages.
to have been offered
to have kept
to have withdrawn
to have been translated
新人教版高中英语选择性必修四Unit4 Sharing
Reading and Thinking
to get some basic information about volunteering.
To understand the passage about volunteering in Papua New Guinea.
To know about the education and living conditions in less developed areas.
To increase the awareness of the importance of helping others.
What are they doing
In recent years , volunteering has been spread among Chinese people.
Lead-in
Sweep the street to make the community clean .
Deliver the goods and materials to help the people isolated at home.
Help people to line up and prepare with nucleic acid testing.
Lead-in
As China is becoming more and more powerful, it has the ability to help more other countries in more aspects . Here is an example of China aid.
Some young people in Africa are enjoying water at a new well which was dug by China.
Lead-in
Help the needy
Why should we help them
What does “needy” mean here
Who are the needy What do they need
Warming Up
Volunteer teachers can make a big difference to the children's future.
What can you see in the photos
What kind of life do you think the people live in the photos
What challenges do you think she might have faced
Look & discuss
Eating
cultural conflict
Language
customs
dislike
lonely
strange
frightened
Challenges:
Papua New Guinea.
What do you know about Papua New Guinea
/ p pu nju g n /
Papua New Guinea(PNG)
Papua New Guinea (巴布亚新几内亚) is
located just to the north of Australia.
About eight million people speaking
about 820 languages live in this nation.
The country's literacy rate is about 64%.
Though education is provided for free, many communities don't have schools.
Many schools have volunteer groups teaching languages,
games and sports, construction, medical work …
Now, let's read the blog entries by Jo and find out more about her volunteer experience in Papua New Guinea.
Skimming
Read the two blog entries by Jo.
A remote and unexplored area.
teaching in a bush school
visiting Tombe’s home
what
where
Para. 1:
C. The author’s feeling after visiting the village
B. Jo received a parcel from home
A.What the author witnessed in Tombe’s village
D. The conditions about the bush school and
the challenges Jo has to be faced with
Para. 2-3:
Para. 5-7:
Para. 8:
Listen to the text and match the main idea with each part.
Para. 4:
E. How Jo got to Tombe’s home
Fast reading
Skim
Detailed reading
Para1. Jo received a parcel from home
How did Jo feel when receiving the parcel from home
She was happy / delighted / excited to receive the parcel.
be dying to do 渴望做某事
Why did Jo feel that way
Because she was expecting the parcel and eager to receive it. It reflects the inconvenience of transportation and express delivery, as well as the lack of essential supplies.
Skim
Detailed reading
Para2-3. The conditions about the bush school and the challenges Jo has to be faced with
Skim
Detailed reading
Para2. The conditions about the bush school
What does the school look like
How does the students impress Jo
They are so friendly but have poor living conditions.
poor
Skim
Detailed reading
Para3.The challenges Jo has to be faced with
What do the students have
only
What don’t they have
They are lack of both basic facilities and learning equipment.
How did Jo feel about the challenge
Doubtful
What has been Jo’s most challenging subject to teach Why
Detailed reading
Para4. How Jo got to Tombe’s home
destination
companion
distance
reception
Tombe’s home in a remote village
another teacher
two and a half hours’ walk
Kiak cried “ieee ieee”; shook hands with all the villagers
hospitable 好客的
Detailed reading
Para5-7. What the author witnessed in Tombe’s village
Living conditions
Eating culture
Belief
They lived a primitive life with no concept of science.
Hospitable !
poor
simple
Detailed reading
Para8. The author’s feeling after visiting the village
What was Jo’s feeling after visiting the village
Though exhausted, she felt happy and she thought it a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
an honor
It is worthwhile to work as an volunteer.
Would you like to become a volunteer
Why or why not
Discussion
As you grow older, you will discover that you have two hands, one for helping yourself, the other for helping others.
–Sam Levenson
Jo wrote the blog entries to tell us her (1)__________(teach) life in a bush school as a volunteer. She described the school whose classrooms (2)___________ (make) of bamboo and roofs of grass. They had never come across chemistry experiments (3)_________ Jo came here. Jo gave a detailed (4)_____________ (describe) of her first visit to a village. After two and a half (5)_______ (hour) of walking, she arrived at Tombe’s home (6)________ she could see a low bamboo hut with grass (7)________ (stick) out of the roof, which had no windows. Inside the house, she found a newly made platform for Jenny and her to sleep (8)_____. Outside the house, Tombe’s father, Mukap laid stones on the fire, and placed them in (9)_____ empty oil drum with kau kau, ripe corn and greens. He then (10)________ (cover) the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. She felt happy after the visit to Tombe’s family.
Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
teaching
were made
before
description
hours
where
sticking
on
an
covered
Summary
help the needy 帮助有需要的人
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
secondary school 中学
be made of 由……制成
a chorus of 齐声；异口同声
up to 多达（某数量等）
not to mention 更不用说；且不说
Language Points
8.adapt to 适应
9. have no concept of ... 没有……的概念
e across 遇见；发现
11.be relevant to 与……相关
12.make a difference to 对……有影响
upside down 上下颠倒
dry up /out 擦干……；弄干……
1. help the needy 帮助需要帮助的人、贫困的人
2. face a challenge 面对挑战
3. compare... with... 把...和比较...
4. get the most out of sth 好好利用
5. parcel [C] 包裹；小包 vt. 裹好...
a parcel of 一包……；一堆……
parcel sth up 把......包起来
6. It (The parcel) took about two weeks to arrive.
Sb/Sth takes time to do sth 某人、物花...时间做某事
Sth takes (sb) time to do 某事花...时间去做
It takes (sb) time to do sth 做某事花（某人）...时间去做
=It takes time (for sb) to do sth. 做某事花（某人）...时间去做
Language Points
The cut/wound took about two weeks _________(heal).
It takes me only a few minutes _________ to school down a dusty track ___________(cover) in weeds.
7. have been dying to have...一直渴望吃到...
=have been longing/desiring/extremely eager to have...
be dying to do sth /for sth 渴望做某事、获得某物
=long to do sth/for sth
=desire to do sth / sth
=be extremely eager to do sth /for sth
8. to get mail/post 收到邮件
much/a piece of mail/post 很多、一份邮件
send sth by mail/post 通过邮递寄送...
=mail/post sb sth /sth to sb 给某邮寄某物
to heal
to walk
covered
9. secondary school/education/teachers 中学/中等教育/中学教师
be secondary to sth/doing sth 次于， 排在...后面
Experience is ___________ matters－age is of secondary importance. （...是次要的）
10. be made of 由……制成
11. I’m greeted by/with a chorus of “good morning” from the boys.
男孩们齐声对我问候“早上好”。
=The boys greeted me with a chorus of “good morning”.
1) be greeted by/with (a smile/kiss/hug/cries of welcome/loud cheers)
=greet sb with sth/by doing sth
（微笑着、吻某人、拥抱、欢呼着）迎接、招呼、问候某人
what
She greeted him with a broad smile / a loving kiss / by shouting a friendly “Hello!” 她以满面的笑容、一个深情的吻、友好地喊了一声“哈喽” 迎接他。
be greeted by/with (applause/cheers/laughter/relief /suspicion)
以（鼓掌、欢呼、大笑、宽慰、怀疑的方式）对...做出反应；
被报以 或受到（怀疑、鼓掌、欢呼、大笑、宽慰、）
The speech/the news/change was greeted with/by loud cheers/ with suspicion. (=was met with ...)
这次讲话、这个消息、这次变革受到热烈的欢呼、怀疑。
=Loud cheers/applause/laughter greeted the speech/news/change.
=People greeted the speech/news/change with suspicion.
a burst/round of / bursts /rounds of loud applause/ cheers/laughter 一阵（阵）鼓掌、欢呼、大笑声
be greeted by (the view/sound/smell...)
（景色）映入某人眼帘；（声音、气味）传入某人耳中、鼻中
As we entered the room/opened the door, we were greeted
by the familiar smell of baking bread.
by a scene of utter confusion / complete disorder/silence/chaos.
by bird song.
2) (be greeted with) a chorus of “good morning” /praise/complaint /thanks/protest/agreement/approval/cheers/applause...
（受到）齐声、异口同声地问候“早上好”、表扬、抱怨、感谢、抗议、赞同、赞许、欢呼、鼓掌...
The proposal was greeted/met with a chorus of approval/ disapproval. 这项提议受到异口同声地赞成、反对。
join the chorus 参加合唱团，歌舞队
join in the chorus of complaints 齐声表示不满
“Good morrning, Mrs, Smith, “ they said/answered in chorus.
=”Good morning, Mrs, Sith, “ they chorused.
“...” 他们齐声齐声说、回答。
12. walk a long way /for...two and half hours to get to (school) 步行很长的路赶到（学校）
13. up to (two hours) 多大（两小时）
14. There’s no electricity, running water and or even textbooks, not to mention laptops, tablets, or other modern devices!
not to mention 更不用说；而且还(作状语，一般用于肯定句之后表示还有更令人意外的事）(page 17, Ex. 3)
=not to speak of.../to say nothing of/=and in addition there is/are...
(更正：let alone)
let alone 更不用说，更谈不上，更不可能 （作状语，用于否定句之后，表示接着提到的事更不可能, =and certainly not）
He has two big houses in this city, __________________ his villa(别墅) in the country.
He has no flat in the country, __________a villa in the country.
The scholar has a good command of ancient Greek and Latin, _____________Spanish, which is his mother tongue.
He can not speak English, _____________ German.
Pollution has a negative effect on the health of everyone living in the city, ______________ the damage to the environment.
I have hardly time to think these days , _________ relax.
They have three dogs to look after, _______ the cat and the bird.
not to mention
let alone
not to mention
let alone
let alone
not to mention
not to mention
15. try to adapt (onself) to these conditions/environments/cliamates
设法适应这些条件、环境、气候
16. become imaginative in (teaching) 在（教学方面）更加富有想象力
17. have no concept/idea of sth/doing sth (doing expeirments)
没有...的概念；不懂得 (=be unable to understand)
He has no concept of ______ difficult life is if you’re unemployed.
18. be rigid about (rules) 墨守成规
19. the other day前几天
20. was/were doing (showing the boys a chemistry experiment) when.... 正在做某事这时候...
how
21. before I knew it 不知不觉地，我还没有反应过来
22. come across sb/sth 遇见；发现
23. be relevant to sb/sth 与……相关
24. to be honest (with sb) 老实（对某人）说
25. I doubt whether... 我怀疑是否...
I don’t doubt that...我不怀疑...
There is some doubt whether... 是否...还存在一些疑虑
There is no/little doubt that... 毫不怀疑...
26. make a/some/any/much/no/little difference to sb/sth
对...产生一些、很多、没有、没什么影响
27. make one’s first visti to (a remote village) 第一次到访（一个偏僻的村子）
28. Another teacher and I walked......, first, up a mountain from where we had fantastic views, then down a shaded path to...
1) from where, by when, since when引导的特殊定语从句
He climbed up to the top of the temple, ____________ he could see nothing but trees.
That was 1949, ____________ things have been better.
The baby is due in May, _____________ his new house should be finished.
from where
since when
by when
Compare:
From _________ I stood I could see everything clearly.
2) from..., sb has/gets (a) fantastic/wonderful view(s) (of the valley/city)
从...地方， 某人看到（峡谷、城市的）美妙的景色
She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
3) a shaded path一条树荫遮蔽的小路
(sit) in the shade of (a tree/wall) （坐在）（树、墙壁的）阴凉处
29. shake hands with sb 与某人握手 (shook, shaken)
where
（连接副词引导宾语从句）
30. be (closely/distantly) related to sb. 与某人有亲戚（近亲、远亲）关系
=be a (close/disant) relation/relative to sb
是某人的亲戚（近房亲戚、远房）亲戚
Compare:
What’s your relationship to Sue/each other 你跟Sue、你们彼此是什么亲戚关系？
be (closely/directly) related to sb/sth
与...有（密切、直接）联系
=be (closely/directly) linked to/with sb/sth
=be (closely/directly) connected with sb/sth
32. with a door a door just big enough to get through, and with grass sticking out of the roof...
有一扇勉强通过的门，有茅草从屋顶伸出
介词短语 [with+ n. (+doing sth)]作定语
33. stick (sth) out of sth （使）伸出（...）
Don’t stick your arm out of the car window.
Careful! There’s a nail sticking out of that board.
34. Such housing was dark inside, so it took time for our eyes to adjust (to the darkness).
这样的房屋里面是黑的，所以需要你一会儿我们的眼睛才适应过来。
housing, clothing, seating 分别表示房屋、服装、座位的总称
35. in the centre of (the hut/city) 在...中心
36. build/make/light a fire 生一堆火，生个炉火
37. participate (much) in the conversation
=engage (much) in the converation 参与谈话
38. interpreter for sb 替某人口译
interpreter sth as...把...解释为...
39. standing upside down on the gill over the fire
倒立在火炉上面的烤架上
40. dry up (the leftover food/the dishes) 烤干（剩饭）；擦干（碟子）
dry out （使）完全干透
41. drag oneself (down the mountain towards home) 拖着疲惫的身子（下山回家）
42. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family.
能和汤贝的家人共度一天真是太荣幸了
1) privilege [single] 荣幸，光荣，荣耀 (=honor)
[C]特殊利益， 优惠待遇
[U] （有权势的人）特权，特殊待遇
vt. 给...予特权、特别优待(=favor)
privileged adj. 有特权的；荣幸的，幸运的(=honored)
It is a privilege (for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是个荣幸。
=have the privilege to do sth. /of doing sth.有幸做某事
=be/feel privileged to do sth 很荣幸做某事
今晚我们很荣幸请到了一位尊贵的客人。
__________________________to have a distinguished guest with us tonight.
_______________________ a distinguished guest with us tonight.
_________________________________________a distinguished guest with us tonight.
Education/Good health care should not be just a privilege of the wealthy.
You can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
live a life of weath and privilege 过着有钱有权的生活
a privileged position/few/background 优越的地位、有特权少数人、特权阶层
It is a great privilege for us
We have the great privilege of having/to have
We are privileged to have
1) to have done/ to have been done 不定式完成时主动和被动语态：
（作主语、宾语、状语、宾补（主补）、定语）
作主语的句型：
It is a privilege/honor/shame/pity/joy/pleasure/nice/enough to have (been) done
It has been a privilege __________________ (travel) so much in your country.
Does a cultural relic always have to be rare and valuable Is it enough ___________________ (survive) for a long time
作宾语的句型：
sb think/consider/feel/.../it a privilege/honor... to have (been) done
to have travelled
to have survived
He felt it an honor ____________________ (invite) to the party.
They thought it a pity not ________________(invite) her.
seem/appear/pretend/happen/claim/intend... to have (been) done
She pretended not ___________(see) him.
I happened _____________(come across the book once.
Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____________ (tell) everything.
作定语
the first/second/...last/very/only/best/youngest + n. to have (been) done
It was the first book __________________ (appear) on the subject.
It was the only project _________________________ (design) by Chinese engineers.
to have been invited
to have invited
to have seen
to have come
to have been told
to have appeared
to have been designed
作原因状语
be happy/pleased/glad/lucky/sorry/proud/ashamed/likely... to have (been) done
John was pleased ___________________(offer) the job.
I’m sorry ______________ (keep) you waiting.
作主补（在被动语态之后）
be said/thought/believed/known/considered/understood/reported to have done
The enemy was reported _________________(withdraw) from their position.
The book is said ________________________(translate) into many languages.
to have been offered
to have kept
to have withdrawn
to have been translated