2024届高考英语二轮专题复习 牛津译林版（2019）：第四讲　特殊句式课件(共37张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
专题四　理清常用句式——并列句、三大从句和特殊句式
第四讲　特殊句式
考点分类突破
考点一　倒装
语境导入
注释：
①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little，not only ...but also，no sooner ...than，hardly ...when等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。注意：not only置于句首时，所在的分句要部分倒装，but also所在的分句不倒装。②so/such ...that ...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装，that引导的从句不倒装。③“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。④在含有were/had/should的虚拟条件句中可以省略if，将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装。⑤表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。⑥在as引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。
2.全部倒装
注释：
①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位方向的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引(提)前。⑤分词/形容词＋地点状语＋be＋主语。⑥such置于句首时用完全倒装。
1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.
在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。
重难精析
2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。
(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。
(3)so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此/也不……”。
(4)在not only ...but (also) ...句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。
(5)not until ...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(6)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Unlike a normal Parisian apartment，the plumbing (水管) worked. There ___ (be) a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
2．Between rows of trees ______ (stand) a new building，which is supposed to be our new library.
3．Next door to ours ____ (live) a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
4．Absurd _________ it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
5．Not until the teacher came in ___ the students stop talking.
was
stands
live
as/though
did
考点二　感叹句、祈使句和强调句等
语境导入
注释：
①为感叹句，结构为：What (＋a/an)＋adj.＋n.(＋主语＋谓语)或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。
②为祈使句，结构为：Do sth./Don't do sth.，有时后面会跟“and/or＋句子”。
③为强调句，结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
Ⅰ.强调句
1．陈述句式：It is/was ...that/who ...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋ ...that/who ...
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that ...
It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
重难精析
2．“not ...until ...”的强调句：It is/was not until ...that ...(注意时态)
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
[易错提醒]
强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
Ⅱ.省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。
2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。
Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
3．if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
Ⅲ.感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an(＋adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What(＋adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
What a strange plant (＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
Ⅳ.祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
1．祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
2．祈使句表示假设的情况：
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
(2)名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。
Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则我们将要错过首班车。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空
1．(经典高考题)China's approach to protecting its environment while _______ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” ...
2．(经典高考题)In any unsafe situation，simply _____ (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
3．We finished the task two days earlier than ________ (expect)．
4．We all know that，if not carefully _____ (deal) with，the situation will get worse.
5．Give him an inch ___ he will take a mile.
feeding
press
expected
dealt
and
考点分层演练
层级一　基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．(2022·潍坊模拟)I hope you'll visit China next month. If __，I'd like to be your tour guide.
2．(2022·枣庄二模)When ________ (watch) the film in the theatre，the audience burst out laughing.
3．(2022·黄山中学模拟)__ is highly likely that the remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved.
4．(2022·垦利二模)Generally speaking，__ is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows.
so
watching
It
it
5．(2022·咸阳模拟)As is known to us all，some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There ___ (be) several reasons.
6．(2022·浙江八校联考)Once upon a time，_____ was a boy whose parents named him Odd.
7．(2022·平阴模拟)Here ___(be) some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you.
8．(2022·襄阳模拟)Why is it ____ some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us
9．(2022·云南玉溪冲刺卷) I was impressed by ___ selfless she was.
10．(2022·平顶山三模)Get up early tomorrow. If ___，you will miss the early bus.
are
there
are
that
how
not
层级二　语篇提能练
(一)
微语法填空(用1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式填空)
Many of us remember our grandmother's home cooking，or we can recall great dishes 1.________ (prepare) by an aunt or a local chef. 2.________ warm we feel just thinking about those experiences! Food 3.________ (create) good memories and a nice way to show we care about others.
Patty felt all alone and 4.________ (depress) during this pandemic，but one morning her niece mailed a box of little cookies she had made to her. So touched 5.________ (be) she that she cried! It was the cookies 6.________ made Patty smile every time she felt lonely. It encouraged her to reach out to others with some nice food as a gift.
【语篇解读】　食物给我们美好的回忆，也是一种表示我们关心他人的方式。
1．prepared　考查非谓语动词。 该句已有谓语，故空处为非谓语，prepare与dishes是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填prepared。
2．How　考查感叹句。 根据标点“！”可知，该句是感叹句，空后的warm是形容词，句首单词首字母需大写，故该句用How引导感叹句。
3．creates　考查动词的时态。 设空处作谓语，表客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Food，故谓语用单数形式，故填creates。
4．depressed　考查词性转换。 空处在句中作表语，表“沮丧的”，故用形容词depressed。
5．was　考查倒装句。 该句是so＋adj.置于句首的倒装句，空前的touched是形容词，又此处指过去的事情，应用过去时，主语为she，故填was。
6．that　考查强调句。 该处是强调句，强调the cookies，故用that构成强调句。
(二)
语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
Chengdu is largely considered as a city of leisure.It was the slow-paced lifestyle 1.________ put the city on the list of the 21 must-go travel spots of 2017 in the travel magazine National Geographic.
One of the greatest pleasures in Chengdu is 2.________(it) food，which is famous 3.________ the use of Sichuan peppercorn.Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food.They enjoy 4.________(search) out small restaurants in out-of-the-way 5.________(place) that may just specialize in a couple of dishes.Chengdu has the 6.________(high) density of restaurants in the world.No wonder it 7.________(become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.
Another important part of local daily life is the city's teahouses.The teahouses， 8.________(find) all over Chengdu，are much more than just a place to drink tea.They are places to do business，meet with friends，show off pet birds，listen to Sichuan Opera，and most 9.________(important)，play mahjong.As a local saying goes，“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong 10.________ on the way to play mahjong.”
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个休闲城市——成都，其生活节奏比较慢，有许多地方特色美食以及遍布全城的各式茶馆。
1. that　考查强调句型。所填词与句首的It was构成“It was ...that ...”的强调句，强调的是主语the slow-paced lifestyle，故填that。
2. its　考查代词。所填词修饰名词food，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词its。
3．for　考查介词。be famous for ...“以……闻名”，是固定搭配。
4．searching　考查动名词。enjoy后跟动名词作宾语，enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。
5．places　考查名词复数。place“地方”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用复数形式。
6．highest　考查形容词最高级。由空前的the及比较范围可知，此处应用形容词最高级。
7．became　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in 2010可知，应用一般过去时。
8．found　考查非谓语动词。分析可知，此处应填非谓语形式。the teahouses与find之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
9．importantly　考查词性转换。most importantly“最重要的是”，是固定短语。
10．or　考查并列句。either ...or ...“或者……或者……”，是固定用法。
层级三　语法写作练
1．部分倒装
典例　如果你昨天来的话，你就会看到他了。
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
运用　他一闭上眼睛就睡着了。
_____________________________________________________
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
2．全部倒装
典例　(2021·浙江卷6月)我的爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，他们看起来既悲伤又焦虑。
Beside the old truck stood my dad and mom，looking sad and anxious.
运用　(2020·浙江卷1月)后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗狗。
____________________________________________________________________
In the backyard were two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland.
3．强调句
典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)怀着巨大的勇气和决心我最终穿过了终点线。
It was with great courage and determination that I finally crossed the finishing line.
运用　(2021·浙江卷6月)在我把钱交给父母之后，我才意识到成长的意义。
_________________________________________________________________________
It was after I handed my parents the cash that I realized the meaning of growing up.
4．“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句
典例　(经典高考题)众所周知，只有通过努力训练我们才能在比赛时表现出色。
As is known to all，only by practicing hard can we perform well in the match.
运用　(2021·上海卷)只有通过说和听，你才能不断地练习，只有把你所学的运用起来，你才能尽快地掌握汉语。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Only by speaking and listening can you keep practicing it and only by putting what you have learnt into use can you master Chinese as quickly as possible.
5．感叹句
典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)多么有意义的一次经历啊！
What a meaningful experience it was!
运用　(2021·浙江卷6月)这是一场多么精彩的中国画展啊！
____________________________________________
6．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”
I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up，and you will make it.”
运用　(2020·浙江卷7月)埃莉(Ellie)说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”
________________________________________________________
What a fantastic Chinese panting show it is!
“Hurry up，or the bear will catch up with us，”said Ellie.
谢谢大家！