Unit 4 Growing up Welcome to the unit--Reading 知识点详解

Unit 4 Growing up Welcome to the unit—Reading知识点详解
Welcome to the unit
1. What’s on your mind, Eddie 在想什么呢，埃迪
思想，主意下定决心做某事 ______________________
mind
介意_______________ 介意做某事
on one’s mind意为“（有事）挂在心上；烦恼。”（常含担忧之意）
There must be something on his mind.
【拓展】与mind 相关的短语:
change one’s mind 改变主意make up one’s mind 下定决心
keep ...in mind 将...记在心上in one’s mind 在某人脑海里,在某人心里
Whether you agree or not, I shall not change my mind.
Just a moment, please. I haven’t made up my mind yet.
Keep in mind that you should save water whenever possible.
【举一反三】
1.Could you tell me
A. what’s on your mind B. where does he live
C. what your mind was on D. where he lived in
2. ---Harry Potter studies hard at math _______. ---Yes. He makes up his ______ to improve his math.
A. recent, mind B. recent, thought C. recently, mind D. recently, thought
2. Growing up is hard! 长大真艰难啊！
动名词或动名词短语在句中做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
晚饭后散步对你的身体有益。
动名词是动词的非谓语形式的一种，在句中起名词的作用，可单独使用或构成短语，还可在句中做表语、宾语和定语。
His hobby is collecting stamps. (表语)
This is a swimming pool. (定语)
I like playing computer games. (宾语)
3. What’s up 怎么了
常用于口语中,用来询问对方的状况,相当于“What’s wrong/the matter/thetrouble ”。
What’s up with your face，Susan
（后接某人或某物时,要加介词with）
4. You’ve been happy since I first met you. 自从我第一次见到你，你就一直很快乐。
since做连词，意为“自…以后；自从”，从句用一般过去时，而主句则常用现在完成时。
【拓展】与since有关的短语：
ever since 从那时起 long since 很久以前 since then 从那以后
5. Build another one for yourself.为自己再建一个。
【辨析】代词one, it和that
1) that指前文所提过的同类事物,一般用于比较句中。
The weather in Beijing is different from that in Shanghai.
2）it指前文所提到的同一个事物。
I had a nice pen, but I lost it.
3）one指的是前文所提到的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同一。
I had a nice pen, but I lost it yesterday. So I bought a new one this morning.
【拓展】another one与the other one 区别
Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。（表泛指）
Give me the other (one). 给我另外那个。（表特指）
This pair of binoculars ________ old. Please buy me ________, Mum.
A.is；another one B.are；another pair C.is；another pair D.are；another one
6. Don’t wake me up until you finish building it.等你建好了再叫醒我。
not...until 直到...才...
not...until 表示“直到…才…”。常与非延续性动词连用，表示句子(主句)的动作直到until所表示的时间才开始，until后为动作的开始时间
until 表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到…为止”，常与延续性动词连用，表示句子(主句)的动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止，until其后为动作的结束时间
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
He didn’t have lunch until his mother came back.
【举一反三】
—When will the railway that connects the two cities open
—_________next year. Only half _______ been completed.
A. Until; has B. Not until; has C. Until; have D. Not until; have
wake sb. up 叫醒某人，人称代词放中间；
finish doing sth. 结束做某事
finish doing my homework
7. Books allow me to learn about people indifferent times and places , and I can read them whenever I want to.书让我了解身处不同时代和不同地区的人，并且我想看书时随时都可以看。
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
sb + be allowed to do sth.
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
【举一反三】
We don’t allowed anyone _____________ (smoke) here.
Anyone is not allowed ____________ (smoke) here.
We don’t allow _____________ (smoke) here.
_____________ (smoke) is not allowed here.
whenever作连词，意为“无论何时;每当，每次”。
1)“每当,每次”，引导时间状语从句,相当于every time。
I can send you a message whenever I miss you.
2)“无论何时”，引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter when。
Help whenever and wherever you can.
【拓展】
however (= no matter how)无论如何
whoever (= no matter who)无论谁
whatever(= no matter what)无论什么
wherever(= no matter where)无论在哪里
whichever(= no matter which)无论哪个
8. I like to learn about the world through the Internet.我喜欢通过互联网来了解世界。
through作介词，意为“以，凭借”，表示做某事的方式,其后可接名词(短语)、代词或动词ing形式等。
Happiness is achieved through hard work.
【拓展】
作介词，意为“穿过”，强调从物体的内部穿过。
The river runs through the city.
【辨析across, through, past & over】
across, through和past都可以作介词，表示“穿过”。
across强调“横过”，从物体表面的一边到另一边。
through指“穿过；透过”，表示从物体内部或空间穿过。
past指“从旁边经过，走过”。
over意为“越过”，指从物体上方(不接触物体的)“经过”。
【举一反三】根据句意选用across, through，past或over填空。
1) There is no bridge ___________ the river.
2) He hurried ___________ me to his home.
3) The sunlight is coming in ________________ the window.
4) Look! The plane is flying __________________ our heads.
9. As soon as you click the mouse , there’s a great deal of information.你一点击鼠标就会出现大量的信息。
as soon as意为“一...就...”，引导时间状语从句,强调主句动作和从句动作几乎同时发生。若主句用一般过去时从句常用一般过去时;若主句用一般将来时从句常用一般现在时表示将来。
He took out his English book as soon as he sat down.
As soon as we arrive , we’ll go on a tour of the city.
【拓展】as soon as possible/sb can 尽快
They hope to leave as soon as they can.
a great deal of意为“许多、大量”，用来修饰不可数名词。
They learned a great deal of knowledge and made much progress.
【拓展】
1) plenty of 意为“许多,大量”，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
a lot of相当于lots of，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。
a number of后接可数名词复数。
2) a great/good deal【副词短语】大量,许多
相当于much、a lot,在句中作状语，修饰动词及形容词或副词的比较级。
It snowed a great/good deal last December.
He ran a great/good deal faster than Daniel.
3) deal v. 处理，应付
deal with 对付，应付，处理
【举一反三】
I need _____ money. Would you please lend me______
A. a great deal, some B. a great deal of, some
C. a great deal, any D. a great deal of, any
Reading
1. He was very small—much smaller than the other kids at school.他很小，比学校里的其他孩子小得多。
比较级前可以加much, a little, quite, even等副词表示程度或加强比较。
Shanghai is much bigger than my hometown.
【举一反三】
--The picture is, I have to say, not a bit beautiful.--Why It’s ____ than the pictures I have ever seen.
A. far more beautiful B. much less beautiful
C. no more beautiful D. any less beautiful
2. While attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.上初中时，斯普德参加了校队的选拔赛。
attend junior high 上初中
try out for sth. 参加…选拔
Why don’t you try out for the school basketball team
While作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当......时”。
当主从句主语相同，且谓语动词含有 be 动词的某种形式时，主语+be 动词可以省略(主动语态就是ing形式，被动语态就是done形式)
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep
=While listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
Please turn off the shower while ______ your hair.
A. washed B. washing C. are washing D. wash
3. He did not lose heart.他没有泄气。
lose heart 泄气，灰心
【拓展】
lose face 丢脸，丢面子 lose interest in 对...... 失去兴趣
lose one’s job 失业 lose one’s way 迷路
【举一反三】
— I didn’t make any progress in English.— Oh, _________ never.
A. what a pity! B. don’t lose heart. C. don’t mention it. D. it doesn’t matter.
4. From then on, he was the star of the team. 从那时起，他成了队里的明星。
from then on 从那时起，常与一般过去时连用
from now on 从现在起，常用于一般将来时
【举一反三】
根据句意选用from now on 或from then on填空。
(1) Dad will work only in the mornings __________________________.
(2) Mary didn’t dance any more ____________________________________.
5. He practised even harder and got the coach to change his mind.他训练更加刻苦，终于使教练改变了看法。
change one’s mind 改变主意
Nothing will make me change my mind.
【举一反三】
It’s stubborn __________ Tom __________ his mind.
A. for; not change B. for; not to change C. of; not change D. of; not to change
6. As a result, he succeeded in getting a scholarship.因此，他成功获得奖学金。
succeed作不及物动词，意为“成功；获得成功”，其常见结构为succeed in sth.或succeed in doing sth.，意为“在…(方面)获得成功”。
success作名词，意为“成功；成就”时，是不可数名词；意为“成功的人（或事物）”时，是可数名词。
successful作形容词，意为“成功的”，在句中作定语或表语。
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
What’s the secret of your success
I wasn’t very successful at keeping the news secret.
He passed the test successfully.
【举一反三】
1.The boy_________ “Prince of Basketball” after his_________ in the match.
A. named; success B. was named; success
C. named; succeeded D. was named; succeeded
2.We hope to become very_____, but we don’t know if we’ll_____.
A. successfully; succeed B. successful; succeed
C. succeed; successful D. succeed; successfully
7. Although he was a great player at university…尽管他是大学的一位优秀球员…
although是连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，不能和but连用。although和though可以互换使用，although更正式。
Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
8. After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.毕业后，他被迫在另一个篮球联盟打球。
force作动词，意为“强迫，迫使”。
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
Don’t force the child to play the piano.
They were forced to leave their home town.
【举一反三】
It is said that many people, especially tech industry workers, __________ to work extra hours under the “996” work schedule.
A. force B. are forced C. are forcing D. were forced
9. He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.在NBA注意到他之前,他在那里呆了大约一年。
(1)remain = stay逗留
We will remain in Shanghai for ten days.
(2)remain = keep 保持
remain + adj. / doing
Don’t remain standing there.
(3)take notice of 注意，察觉
Don’t take any notice of what you read in the papers.
【举一反三】
1.--All the money in Mary’s wallet was stolen, but her ID card ________ .
--But she __________as if nothing had happened.
A. remained; happily B. was remained; happily
C. remained; happy D. was remained; happy
2.—Excuse me, sir. You are not supposed to take photos here.—Sorry, I ________ the sign.
A. haven’t noticed B. don’t notice C. didn’t notice D. won’t notice
10. Through hard work, Spud Webb proved that size and body type does not matter—you can do almost anything if you never give up.通过努力，斯普德·韦伯证明高矮胖瘦不重要—只要永不放弃，几乎没有什么你做不到的。
句中的matter用作动词，意为“要紧，有重大影响”。
The job matters more to him than anything else.