2024届高考英语二轮专题复习 牛津译林版（2019）-第一讲 定语从句课件(共41张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮专题复习 牛津译林版（2019）-第一讲 定语从句课件(共41张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-20 09:12:24 | ||
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(共41张PPT)
专题四 理清常用句式——并列句、三大从句和特殊句式
第一讲 定语从句
考点分类突破
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1．that/which/who/whom
Wang Meng, who① is the same age as me, works in a factory which/that② lies in our town. Everything that③ he uses is very shabby. He goes to work every day by riding the bike (which/that)②others don't want to have. But he is a worker (who/whom/that)④everyone admires. In our factory there are many workers who/that① are like him.
语境导入
注释：
①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，who引导。②关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that，which引导。③关系词指物，由形容词最高级或序数词修饰，或者是先行词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。④关系词指人作宾语，可以用that，who，whom 引导。
2.as/which/whose
As① we all know/As①is known to all，Li Hua is a student whose②name is often seen in English examinations.But this year he didn't make us write compositions for him，which③made many students sad.How we miss the boy for whom④we have written many compositions and we have prepared many situations in which④he can't write articles himself.
注释：
①位于句首，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用as引导定语从句。②在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系“……的”，用关系代词whose。③用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that。④当介词提到关系代词之前时，若先行词指物，则关系词只能用which；若先行词指人，则关系词只能用whom。
1．关系代词的基本用法
重难精析
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
她已不再是10年前的她了。
Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.
刘老师要跟那些没交家庭作业的学生谈话。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是一个医生，他妻子生孩子之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
只用that
的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which
的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
3．as和which的区别
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
[易错提醒]
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which，whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
(2)“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
(4)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
①依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。
②依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。
③根据所表达的意思来确定
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体叫作氧气。
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，____lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
that
who
whose
which/that
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
Last Sunday, I found a wallet where① I played basketball. I gave it to the school's lost and found office. A man found me on Monday morning when② I arrived at school. The reasons (which/that)③ he gave me for my returning the wallet to him were so strange that I had to take him to the lost and found office. That's the reason why④ I was late for the first class.
语境导入
注释：
①先行词表示地点，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where。②先行词表示时间，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when。③先行词虽然表示地点、时间或原因，但是从句缺主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。④先行词表示原因，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词why。
1．关系副词的基本用法
重难精析
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
2．关系副词与关系代词的选择
从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。
(1)The factory ________ he once worked is closed now.
work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，work in the factory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用in which (which代替先行词the factory)。
(2)The factory ________ he set up last year is operating well.
该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factory，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
3．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point，position等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词which/that。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
他使自己身临险境——(在这种情况下)他很可能失去对飞机的控制。
4．当the way 作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语还是作状语，用that一定正确。
I don't like the way that/in which he speaks to me.(关系词作方式状语)
They are looking for a way that/which is the most suitable for the problem.(关系词作主语)
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2．We have entered into an age ____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3．In a culture _____ people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people.
4．I really don't know the reason ___ he refused to attend the party.
where
when
where
why
考点分层演练
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．(2022·河南南阳一模)The table，_____ has an even surface，is good for table tennis.
2．(2022·广东清远期中)As Canada's first language is English，they have a natural way of accent，_____ sounds like a bird singing a nice song.
3．(2022·云南云县期中)Today I will share a true story about an overseas student, ____studied in Germany.
4．(2022·阳信模拟)The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart，because the peace comes from having someone ___________ we share with our joy，sadness，success and failure.
which
which
who
(whom/that)
5．(2022·东营三中三模)I live next door to a couple _____ children often make a lot of noise.
6．(2022·大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather __ few citizens had ever experienced before.
7．(2022·敦煌中学冲刺卷)That's all ____ I know about the young man living next door.
8．(2022·长沙模拟)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_____ my classmates recommended to me.
9．(2022·湖北荆门模拟)A science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China's Tiangong space station，______they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft.
whose
as
that
which
where
10．(2022·德宏傣族景颇族自治州模拟)We can also have a notebook _____ we can first put something down and then look it up in our dictionary whenever something beats us.
11．(2022·滕州模拟)She dreamed of the day ____ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”
12．(2022·绵阳诊断)It's helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.
13．(2022·景德镇模拟)We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
where
when
where
when
14．(2022·兰州联考)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s.
15．(2022·滕州模拟)Li Lei，for ____ English was once difficult，can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
which
whom
层级二 语篇提能练
语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide， 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I
would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
1．when 先行词是time，指时间，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。
2. why 先行词是reason，指原因，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。
3．where 先行词是club，指地点，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。
4．whose 先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whose。
5．whom 此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。
6．that/which 此处为限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
7．who 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
8．which 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。
9．which 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，故用which。
10．As 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”并位于句首，意为“正如”，故用As。
层级三 语法写作练
不同语境中定语从句的使用
1．投稿信
典例 (2022·全国甲卷)为我们提供丰富资源和粮食的海洋对全球气候发展也至关重要。
Oceans which provide abundant resources and food for us are also crucial for the global climate development.
运用 (2022·全国乙卷)从图表中我们可以得到的数字表明，随着现代技术的发展，在课堂之外学习英语的方法有多种多样。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The figures which we can get from the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology.
2．申请信(1)
典例 (经典高考题)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。
I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it，which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well.
运用 (经典高考题)我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I have a good command of English，which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely.
3．申请信(2)
典例 (经典高考题)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。
I'm writing to apply to work as a volunteer that you advertised in yesterday's newspaper.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
__________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to apply for the position that/which the English Association of our school offers.
4．通知(1)
典例 (经典高考题)Growing Together这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2：00到4：00在学校大厅放映。
The movie Growing Together，which is about the development of our school，will be shown in the school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 in the afternoon on June 17th.
运用 (经典高考题)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The concert，which includes various fantastic performances played by talented students，will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning.
5．通知(2)
典例 (经典高考题)任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。
Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
运用 (经典高考题)任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过lihua@与李华联系。
__________________________________________________________________________
Anyone who wants to take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua @.
6．感谢信
典例 (经典高考题)我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。
I am grateful to you for everything that you did for me to improve my English.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切。如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to convey my gratitude for everything that you did for me when I was in England. If it hadn't been your care，I wouldn't have enjoyed my stay there so much.
7．推荐信
典例 (经典高考题)我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University，which is one of the best universities in China.
运用 (经典高考题)无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Whether you are a fan of Chinese art or someone who wants to know more about it，come and enjoy the art exhibition.
8．建议信
典例 (经典高考题)以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese，which I hope will be of help to you.
运用 (经典高考题)你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You have mentioned that you have two optional courses. Here are some suggestions，which I hope will be beneficial to you.
9．邀请信
典例 (经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加我组织的徒步旅行，我们的一些同学将参加。
I'm writing to invite you to participate in a hiking organized by me，which some of our classmates will take part in.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which/that will be held in our school next Saturday.
谢谢大家！
专题四 理清常用句式——并列句、三大从句和特殊句式
第一讲 定语从句
考点分类突破
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1．that/which/who/whom
Wang Meng, who① is the same age as me, works in a factory which/that② lies in our town. Everything that③ he uses is very shabby. He goes to work every day by riding the bike (which/that)②others don't want to have. But he is a worker (who/whom/that)④everyone admires. In our factory there are many workers who/that① are like him.
语境导入
注释：
①关系词指人作主语，可以用that，who引导。②关系词指物作主语或宾语，可以用that，which引导。③关系词指物，由形容词最高级或序数词修饰，或者是先行词是不定代词，或关系词既指人又指物时，只能用that。④关系词指人作宾语，可以用that，who，whom 引导。
2.as/which/whose
As① we all know/As①is known to all，Li Hua is a student whose②name is often seen in English examinations.But this year he didn't make us write compositions for him，which③made many students sad.How we miss the boy for whom④we have written many compositions and we have prepared many situations in which④he can't write articles himself.
注释：
①位于句首，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用as引导定语从句。②在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系“……的”，用关系代词whose。③用于带逗号的非限制性定语从句中，作主语指物或前面整个句子时，只能用which而不用that。④当介词提到关系代词之前时，若先行词指物，则关系词只能用which；若先行词指人，则关系词只能用whom。
1．关系代词的基本用法
重难精析
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.
她已不再是10年前的她了。
Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework hasn't been handed in.
刘老师要跟那些没交家庭作业的学生谈话。
He is a doctor，as was his wife before she had children.
他是一个医生，他妻子生孩子之前也是。
2．that和which的用法区别
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
只用that
的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which
的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时)
关系代词指物，且前有介词时
3．as和which的区别
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
[易错提醒]
as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。
as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which，whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
(2)“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
(3)在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly-built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
(4)“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定：
①依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定
I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
我买了很多书，这些书花光了我的所有积蓄。
②依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。
③根据所表达的意思来确定
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
离开它我们就不能生存的这种无色气体叫作氧气。
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _____live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
2．(2022·全国甲卷)On the 1，100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang，____lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
4．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，formed the core collection of the British Museum __________ opened in 1759.
that
who
whose
which/that
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
Last Sunday, I found a wallet where① I played basketball. I gave it to the school's lost and found office. A man found me on Monday morning when② I arrived at school. The reasons (which/that)③ he gave me for my returning the wallet to him were so strange that I had to take him to the lost and found office. That's the reason why④ I was late for the first class.
语境导入
注释：
①先行词表示地点，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词where。②先行词表示时间，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词when。③先行词虽然表示地点、时间或原因，但是从句缺主语或宾语，仍然用关系代词that/which。④先行词表示原因，从句不缺主语或宾语，用关系副词why。
1．关系副词的基本用法
重难精析
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，case，position，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
2．关系副词与关系代词的选择
从句不缺主语或宾语，是个完整的句子，可以是主谓宾或主系表结构，亦可以是主谓结构(主语＋vi.)。此时需要判断谓语动词是否及物。判断定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词的方法：把谓语动词与先行词连接起来，看它们是否能构成动宾关系，如果能直接构成动宾关系，则该谓语动词为及物动词，否则为不及物动词。
(1)The factory ________ he once worked is closed now.
work与factory不能直接构成动宾关系，只有后面加上介词in才能构成正确的表达形式，work in the factory。因此可推知work为不及物动词。因此此处应使用关系副词where作地点状语，也可使用in which (which代替先行词the factory)。
(2)The factory ________ he set up last year is operating well.
该题中从句谓语动词可以和先行词构成动宾结构set up the factory，所以set up 是及物动词短语。其后缺宾语，因此此处用关系代词that或which。
3．当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词situation，case，stage，point，position等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词which/that。
He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.
他使自己身临险境——(在这种情况下)他很可能失去对飞机的控制。
4．当the way 作先行词时，无论关系词作主语、宾语还是作状语，用that一定正确。
I don't like the way that/in which he speaks to me.(关系词作方式状语)
They are looking for a way that/which is the most suitable for the problem.(关系词作主语)
[点对点练习] 单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _____ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2．We have entered into an age ____ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
3．In a culture _____ people function according to ritual，music is used to help govern people.
4．I really don't know the reason ___ he refused to attend the party.
where
when
where
why
考点分层演练
层级一 基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．(2022·河南南阳一模)The table，_____ has an even surface，is good for table tennis.
2．(2022·广东清远期中)As Canada's first language is English，they have a natural way of accent，_____ sounds like a bird singing a nice song.
3．(2022·云南云县期中)Today I will share a true story about an overseas student, ____studied in Germany.
4．(2022·阳信模拟)The first fruit is that it can comfort the heart，because the peace comes from having someone ___________ we share with our joy，sadness，success and failure.
which
which
who
(whom/that)
5．(2022·东营三中三模)I live next door to a couple _____ children often make a lot of noise.
6．(2022·大同质量检测)The city was attacked by such terrible weather __ few citizens had ever experienced before.
7．(2022·敦煌中学冲刺卷)That's all ____ I know about the young man living next door.
8．(2022·长沙模拟)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_____ my classmates recommended to me.
9．(2022·湖北荆门模拟)A science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth was delivered by Chinese astronauts on China's Tiangong space station，______they displayed unique physical phenomena in the orbiting spacecraft.
whose
as
that
which
where
10．(2022·德宏傣族景颇族自治州模拟)We can also have a notebook _____ we can first put something down and then look it up in our dictionary whenever something beats us.
11．(2022·滕州模拟)She dreamed of the day ____ the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile，“Madam，this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”
12．(2022·绵阳诊断)It's helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.
13．(2022·景德镇模拟)We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
where
when
where
when
14．(2022·兰州联考)He wrote many children's books，nearly half of _____ were published in the 1990s.
15．(2022·滕州模拟)Li Lei，for ____ English was once difficult，can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
which
whom
层级二 语篇提能练
语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
There was a time 1.________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was the reason 2.________ my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3.________ I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide， 4.________ teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I
would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide，7.________ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8.________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through 9.________ I can memorize a large number of new words.10.________ our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
1．when 先行词是time，指时间，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。
2. why 先行词是reason，指原因，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。
3．where 先行词是club，指地点，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。
4．whose 先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whose。
5．whom 此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。
6．that/which 此处为限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
7．who 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
8．which 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。
9．which 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，故用which。
10．As 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”并位于句首，意为“正如”，故用As。
层级三 语法写作练
不同语境中定语从句的使用
1．投稿信
典例 (2022·全国甲卷)为我们提供丰富资源和粮食的海洋对全球气候发展也至关重要。
Oceans which provide abundant resources and food for us are also crucial for the global climate development.
运用 (2022·全国乙卷)从图表中我们可以得到的数字表明，随着现代技术的发展，在课堂之外学习英语的方法有多种多样。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The figures which we can get from the chart suggest that there are a variety of ways to learn English beyond the classroom with the development of modern technology.
2．申请信(1)
典例 (经典高考题)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。
I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it，which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well.
运用 (经典高考题)我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
I have a good command of English，which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely.
3．申请信(2)
典例 (经典高考题)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。
I'm writing to apply to work as a volunteer that you advertised in yesterday's newspaper.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
__________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to apply for the position that/which the English Association of our school offers.
4．通知(1)
典例 (经典高考题)Growing Together这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2：00到4：00在学校大厅放映。
The movie Growing Together，which is about the development of our school，will be shown in the school hall from 2：00 to 4：00 in the afternoon on June 17th.
运用 (经典高考题)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The concert，which includes various fantastic performances played by talented students，will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning.
5．通知(2)
典例 (经典高考题)任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。
Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
运用 (经典高考题)任何想参加该活动的同学，可以通过lihua@与李华联系。
__________________________________________________________________________
Anyone who wants to take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua @.
6．感谢信
典例 (经典高考题)我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。
I am grateful to you for everything that you did for me to improve my English.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信是为了感谢我在英国时，你为我所做的一切。如果不是你的关心，我在那里就不会过得这么愉快了。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to convey my gratitude for everything that you did for me when I was in England. If it hadn't been your care，I wouldn't have enjoyed my stay there so much.
7．推荐信
典例 (经典高考题)我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University，which is one of the best universities in China.
运用 (经典高考题)无论你是中国艺术爱好者，还是想了解更多内容的人，来欣赏这次艺术展吧。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Whether you are a fan of Chinese art or someone who wants to know more about it，come and enjoy the art exhibition.
8．建议信
典例 (经典高考题)以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese，which I hope will be of help to you.
运用 (经典高考题)你提到你有两门选修课，以下是一些建议，希望能对你有好处。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
You have mentioned that you have two optional courses. Here are some suggestions，which I hope will be beneficial to you.
9．邀请信
典例 (经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加我组织的徒步旅行，我们的一些同学将参加。
I'm writing to invite you to participate in a hiking organized by me，which some of our classmates will take part in.
运用 (经典高考题)我写信邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which/that will be held in our school next Saturday.
谢谢大家！