2024届高考英语二轮专题复习 牛津译林版（2019）第三讲　并列句和状语从句课件(共51张PPT)

(共51张PPT)
专题四　理清常用句式——并列句、三大从句和特殊句式
第三讲　并列句和状语从句
考点分类突破
一、并列句
语境导入
注释：
①and，not only ...but (also) ...，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...等表并列、顺承或递进关系。②for，so表因果关系。for连接的分句一般不能放在句首。③while作为并列连词，强调两种情况的对比。④or，either ... or ...，not ... but ...等表选择关系。⑤but，yet，whereas等表转折关系。⑥and，or 表条件或结果关系，常用于句型“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中。
1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as
Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.
不但那位教师被邀请，而且学生们也被邀请了。
2．表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：while
The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.
我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。
重难精析
[易错提醒]
but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。
3．表选择关系的并列连词：or，either ...or ...，not ...but ...
They gave money to the old people either personally or through their companies.
他们给那位老人送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。
4．表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)
He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
5．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be about to do sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be on the point of doing sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had done sth.when ...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空
1．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ____cultural exchanges.
2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，___ leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”．
and
and
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole adventure ___ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
4．The other day I was doing some grocery shopping ____ a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.
and
when
二、状语从句
语境导入
注释：
①when当……时候
②as soon as 一……就……
③not until直到……才……

⑤every time后面直接跟句子，相同用法的还有the first time，next time等
⑥since 自从……起，主句用现在完成时
⑦by the time 到……时候为止，主句常常与完成时连用
⑧the moment 后面直接跟句子，表“一……就……”，相同用法的还有the minute，the instant，directly，immediately，instantly
⑨before到……为止，在……之前
⑩as随着
2．其他状语从句
注释：
①为原因状语从句；
②为结果状语从句；
③为让步状语从句；
④为比较状语从句；
⑤为地点状语从句；
⑥为条件状语从句；
⑦为方式状语从句；
⑧为目的状语从句。
Ⅰ.时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
重难精析
when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。
While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly等引导的时间状语从句。
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly ...when ...或no sooner ...than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before ...过了……时间才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before ...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。
since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not ...until/till ...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
Ⅱ.让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
It was a quiet party.I had a good time，though.
这是一次安静的聚会，然而我还是玩得很愉快。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
While the work was difficult，it was interesting.
虽然这项工作很困难，却很有意思。
(4)as，though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况：
①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。
Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。
②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。
Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
Change your mind as/though you do，you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意，你也得不到我们的帮助。
2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
尽管蒂姆不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句
where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋-ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.
无论我有多饿，我似乎从来不能吃完整条面包。
4．whether ...or ...引导的让步状语从句
whether ...or ...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
Ⅲ.其他状语从句
状语从句 连词
条件状语从句 if，unless(＝if ...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing
原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)
目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防)
结果状语从句 so that，so ...that ...，such ...that ...
地点状语从句 where，wherever
方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)
比较状语从句 than，as ...as ...，not as/so ...as ...
You won't find paper-cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
[易错提醒]
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
[点对点练习]　单句语法填空
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)_________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river.
2．Well，I'm working on a huge assignment and __ I don't do well，it will ruin my reputation as an excellent accountant!
3．He will never make progress in math ______ he really wants to learn it.
4．_________________ (suppose) that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help
As/When
if
unless
Supposing/Suppose
考点分层演练
层级一　基础达标练
单句语法填空
1．(2022·山西八校联考)Never lose heart ___ you'll make a quick advance in your project.
2．(2022·豫北名校质量评估)Follow your doctor's advice，__ your cough will get worse.
3．(2022·广东七校联考)John plays basketball well，________ his favorite sport is badminton.
4．(2022·合肥第一次质量检测)Henry is very smart，__ many of his classmates like him.
5．(2022·永春一中等四校联考)They're not simply made in China，___ designed in the country.
and
or
but/yet
so
but
6．(2022·河南南阳一中考试)He has plenty of money ___ he can spend it freely.
7．(2022·江西红色七校一联)Leave it with me ___ I will see what I can do with it.
8．(2022·陕西咸阳二模)Don't drive so fast __ you'll have an accident.
9．(2022·太原二模)Not _____ we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace can we smile in relief.
10．(2022·武汉武昌区调研)Air pollution is getting more and more serious，so we must take action ______ it is too late.
11．(2022·河北衡水中学一调)He will never make progress in math ______ he really wants to learn it.
and
and
or
until
before
unless
12．(2022·赣州十四县市联考)________ she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
13．(2022·洛阳第一次统考)He speaks so slowly and strangely ____ it takes patience to understand what he is saying.
14．(2022·河南中原名校联考)In the state of Iowa，__ you live more than a mile away from school you can get a school permit.
15．(2022·江西宜春中学第一次诊断)As we all know，_____ there is a will，there is a way.
Wherever
that
if
where
层级二　语篇提能练
语法填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 1._________ come to China cook much less 2.________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.I still remember 3.________(visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked 4.________ I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
5．________ regularly eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years，it's not without a cost.The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be affordable 6.________ doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 7.________(high) cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
8．________ you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home 9.________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health 10.________ in your pocket.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。作者分析了外出就餐的代价，并建议我们要尝试自己做饭，这样做不仅对自身健康有好处还能节约开支。
1．who/that　考查定语从句。先行词是westerners(西方人)，用who或that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
2．than　考查比较级。句意：许多来中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么便宜，他们做饭的次数就会比在自己国家少得多。根据句意可知，此处为比较级，故填than。
3．visiting　考查动名词。remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”。
4．when　考查连词。此处为时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，故用when。
5．While/Though/Although　考查连词。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”；句首单词首字母需大写，故填While/Though/Although。
6．but　考查连词。前后语义为转折关系，故填but。
7．higher　考查形容词的比较级。“副词even＋比较级”表示“更……”，强调程度。
8．If　考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你不打算遭受这个问题的困扰，那么我建议你下次去你妈妈家吃晚饭的时候，向她学习一些烹饪技巧。句首单词首字母需大写，故填If。
9．for　考查介词。go to your mum's home for dinner“去你妈妈家吃饭”。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。
10．but　考查连词。not only ...but also ...不但……而且……，为固定搭配，also可省略。故填but。
(二)
Cuju was an ancient Chinese competitive game involving 1.________ (kick) a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer，it first 2.________ (appear) in the famous ancient Chinese historical work，Strategies of the Warring States, 3.________ described cuju as a form of entertainment among the general public.
Later，commonly 4.________ (play) in the army for military training purposes，cuju became popular during the Han Dynasty (202 BC－220 AD). Emperor Hangaozu Liu Bang，the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty，was a cuju fan，who not only liked watching cuju games，5.________ always tried his footwork on the playground. Liu Che，emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty，who was crazy about cuju，would set up a cuju field 6.________ his army went. He used cuju as a way of training 7.________ (soldier)．
The 8.________ (early) record of women cuju players can date back to the Han Dynasty. Up to the Tang Dynasty，women players prevailed (盛行) at the royal court，as emperors enjoyed watching soccer games. At that time，various skills were 9.________ (wide) used in playing cuju，mainly serving as an entertainment purpose.
As a way of national culture protection，cuju 10.________ (list) into the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritages in 2006.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。古代蹴鞠是现代足球的起源，从汉朝开始作为军事用途，逐渐成为大众的娱乐运动项目。
1．kicking　考查非谓语动词。 根据involve doing sth.“包括做某事”的用法可知，该处用动名词作宾语，故填kicking。
2．appeared　考查动词的时态。 根据句中状语in the famous ancient Chinese historical work，Strategies of the Warring States可知，蹴鞠出现在《战国策》中，表过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填appeared。
3．which　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Strategies of the Warring States，指物，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。
4．played　考查非谓语动词。 play与cuju是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填played。
5．but　考查连词。 根据句中已有的not only可知，该句是not only ... but (also) ... “不但……而且……”结构，also可以省略，故填but。
6．wherever　考查状语从句。 根据句意“他的军队去哪里，他就在哪里建一个蹴鞠场”可知，此处指“无论哪里”，故填wherever引导状语从句。
7．soldiers　考查名词的数。soldier是可数名词，其前无表“一”的限定词，故soldier应用复数形式。
8．earliest　考查最高级。 根据语境可知，是最早的记录，且空前是定冠词the，故填early的最高级earliest。
9．widely　考查词性转换。 空处作状语，修饰谓语were used，应用副词，故填widely。
10．was listed　考查动词的时态和语态。 根据句中时间状语in 2006可知，该句用一般过去时，主语cuju与list是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was listed。
层级三　语法写作练
1．not only ...but also ...
典例　(2022·全国甲卷)海洋不仅为我们提供了丰富的资源和食物，而且对全球气候发展也至关重要。
Not only do the oceans provide abundant resources and food for us，but (also) they are also crucial for the global climate development.
运用　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youth的专栏Cultures Around the World不仅拓宽了我的视野，也让我有机会体验不同的文化。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Not only does Cultures Around the World，a column of Youth broaden my horizons，but also it gives me an opportunity to experience different cultures.
2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
典例　(经典高考题)提前从网上预订票和房间，你会有更多的时间去观光。
Book tickets and rooms online in advance，and you will have more time to go sightseeing.
运用　(2021·浙江卷6月)来参观展览吧，你将享受一场视觉盛宴。
__________________________________________________________
Come to the exhibition，and you will enjoy a visual feast.
3．so ...that ...
典例　(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)他们的爆米花是如此的美味以至于很快就卖光了。
Their popcorn was so delicious that it was sold out soon.
运用　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)惊喜是如此甜蜜，她兴奋地摇了摇正假装打鼾的丈夫。
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The surprise was so sweet that she excitedly shook her husband，who was pretending to snore.
4．be doing ...when ...
典例　(经典高考题)马克正在想接下来该怎么办，正在那时，一只手把他拉进了车里。
Mac was wondering what to do next when a hand pulled him into the car.
运用　(经典高考题)我们正在找地方搭帐篷，这时妈妈告诉我们她忘了带帐篷。
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We were looking for a place to put up the tent when mother told us that she had forgotten to take it.
5．not until ...
典例　(2020·浙江卷7月)直到似乎过了半个世纪之后，我们才听到了直升机的声音。
Not until after what seemed half a century did we hear the roar of the helicopter.
运用　(2021·北京卷)直到昨天我才得知我们班这个周末要开一个重要的会议——正好是我们见面的时间。
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Not until yesterday was I informed that our class was going to hold an important meeting this weekend—exactly the time we shall meet.
谢谢大家！