(共63张PPT)
必修 第三册
Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world
晨背素材 抓契机 经典读写
话题素材积累
1.Zhong Nanshan,a famous medical scientist,has set a good example to us,so all the people show great respect to him.
钟南山,一位著名的医学科学家,给我们树立了一个好榜样,所以所有的人都对他很尊敬。
2.Known for the Theory of Relativity,Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.
因相对论而闻名的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于1921年被授予诺贝尔物理学奖。
3.Born on March 14,1879,Albert Einstein is one of the 20th century's greatest scientists.
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦出生于1879年3月14日,是20世纪最伟大的科学家之一。
读后续写金句
1.In the valleys,colourful butterflies flew around us and we saw a herd of sheep eating green grass.
在山谷里,五颜六色的蝴蝶在我们周围飞来飞去。我们看到一群羊在吃青草。(环境描写)
2.Seeing the gift,George's mother was very glad,tears running down her face.
看到礼物,乔治的妈妈非常高兴,眼泪顺着她的脸流下来。(情绪描写)
3.I smiled back in tears.Not until that moment did I realize what a big difference one small gesture had made.
我含泪回以微笑。直到那一刻我才意识到一个小小的手势有多大的影响。(升华句)
必备知识 新学法 双基落实
Ⅰ.重点词汇
阅
读
词
汇 默想下面单词的含义,不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.theory n. □2.herb n.
□3.broad adj. □4.household adj.& n.
□5.container n. □6.data n.
□7.wisdom n. □8.metal n.
□9.scientific adj. □10.freedom n.
□11.moral adj.& n. [自主核对区]
1.学说,理论;原理;看法,意见 2.药草,香草;草本 3.概括的;开阔的;广泛的 4.家庭的,家用的;家庭 5.容器;集装箱 6.数据,资料,材料 7.智慧;才智;明智 8.金属 9.科学的;细致严谨的 10.自由;自主 11.品行端正的;道义上的;道德的;品行,道德;寓意
核
心
词
汇 1._______ adj. 有限的
2.__________ n. 实验,试验;实践
vi. 做试验,进行实验;尝试
3._____ n. 试用,试验;审讯,审判;考验
vi.& vt. 测试,试验
4.________ vt. 延迟,延期
5.__________ adj. 有益的,有用的
6._______ vi.& vt. 组织,实施;指挥;
引导;举止
7.__________ vt. 说明,解释;加插图于
limited
experiment
trial
postpone
beneficial
conduct
illustrate
核
心
词
汇 8.________ vt. 指出;提及;表明;暗示
9._______ vt. 牵涉,影响;包含;(使)参加
10.______ n. 赞扬,认可;信用
vt. 存入金额;把……归于
11._______ vt. 公布;出版;发表
12.______ adj. 致命的;十足的,彻底的
13.______ vt.& vi. 收费;控告;谴责;充电;使……承担责任;使充满
n. 收费;控告;谴责;掌管
involve
credit
publish
deadly
charge
indicate
拓
展
词
汇 1._______ v.幸存下来,幸免于难→________ n.幸存者→survival n.幸存,幸存事物;生存,存活
2.intend v.打算;意指→_________ n.打算,目的,意图
3.sufficient adj.充足的,足够的→___________ n.充足,充分性
4.surround vt.包围;围绕;与……紧密相关→___________ adj.周围的→____________ n.环境;周边事物
5.intelligent adj.智能的;聪明的;有智力的→____________ n.智力;智能
6.favour n.喜爱;恩惠;帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒 vt.喜爱;偏袒;有助于→_________ adj.最喜欢的 n.最喜爱的东西→__________ adj.赞同的;有利的
7.________ n.政治→_________ adj.政治的→politician n.政治家;投机钻营者
survivor
intention
sufficiency
surrounding
surroundings
intelligence
favourite
favourable
politics
political
survive
拓
展
词
汇 8.__________ adj.电子的→electricity n.电,电能
9.apply v.申请;应用;涂;有关→_________ n.申请人
10.permit vt.& vi.允许;使有可能n.许可证→__________ n.许可;允许
11.declare vt.宣布;声明;表明,宣称;申报→___________ n.宣言;声明;公告
12.______ n.国家→ nationality n.国籍;民族→________ adj.国家的
13._____ v.结婚,娶,嫁→_______ adj.已婚的→marriage n.婚姻;已婚状态
14.______ v.逐渐演变,逐步发展→____________ adj.进化的;演变的;逐渐发展的→evolution n.演变,发展;进化
15._______ v.回答;作出反应→responsibility n.责任;职责→___________ adj.负责的
applicant
electronic
permission
declaration
nation
national
marry
married
evolve
evolutionary
respond
responsible
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.________ (使)加速
2.________ 查阅,参考;谈及,
提到
3._______ 成功,奏效,达到目的
4._______________________ 反复试验
5.___________ 偶然;无意中;不小心 6.___________很成功;引人注目,有强烈影响
7._____ 关于,至于
8.___________________ 想当然地认为,认为……是理所当然
9.___________ 提出
10.____________ 使某人失望
speed up
refer to
pay off
through trial and error
by accident
with a bang
as to
take it for granted
put forward
let sb. down
Ⅲ.重点句式
1.动词不定式
作后置定语 1.Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
2.“It is+形容词+不定式”句式 2.However,it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
3.the way作先行词的定语从句 3.The first way in which science is of value is familiar to everyone: scientific knowledge enables us to do and make all kinds of things.
大家都熟知科学价值的第一个方面:科学知识能使我们做各种事情。
关键能力 新探究 疑难细研
1.intend v.打算;想要,计划;意指
[练透]——单句语法填空
①But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn't intended ___ him, he did something special.
②The university is known for its language and culture courses ________ (intend) for international students.
for
intended
[写美]——完成句子
③这场旨在强身健体的赛跑受到了高度评价。(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
The race,_________________________________, was highly thought of.
intended to strengthen our bodies
[归纳]
(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for ... 专为……而设计的;为……打算或设计的
(2)had intended to do sth.
本打算做某事但没有做成
(3)intention n. 意图;目的;打算
with an/the intention of 打算……
2.postpone vt.延迟,延期
[练透]——单句语法填空
①It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________(build) the new school.
②He decided to postpone the expedition ________ the following day.
[写美]——完成句子
③一些学生懒惰并且拖延做作业已经成为习惯。
Some students are lazy and it has become a habit for some students ______________________________________________.(postpone)
building
until/to
to postpone/delay/put off doing their homework
[归纳]
postpone sth. 推迟某事物;使某事物推迟
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
be postponed for ... (时间)被推迟了……
postpone sth.to/until ... 推迟到……
[点津]
表示“推迟做某事”还可以用delay doing sth.;put off doing sth.等。
3.surround vt.环绕,围绕;包围;与……紧密相关
[练透]——单句语法填空
①I walked in the door and saw a brown sofa ___________(surround) a low glass-top wooden table.
②He loves to be surrounded ____ his family and friends.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful ____________ (surround).
surrounding
with
surroundings
[写美]——句式升级
④Because it is surrounded by flood plains,there is nowhere else for it expands.
→__________________________,there is nowhere else for it expands.(过去分词短语作状语)
Surrounded by flood plains
[归纳]
(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth. 用某人/某物包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with sb./sth. 被某人/某物包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的
surroundings n. 周围的事物;环境;气氛
[佳句]
The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which was surrounded by a high wire fence.(2020·浙江卷)
这只饥饿的熊跟着他的鼻子来到了我们的营地,营地周围是高高的铁丝网。
4.favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
[练透]——单句语法填空
①Our products have good fame at home and abroad,deeply ________(favour) by customers.
②I feel happy today for doing a favor ___ a stranger by sharing my car with him to the train station.
favoured
for
[写美]——词汇升级
③We sincerely hope you can help us and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
→We sincerely hope you can _________________________________ and give us some guidance on how to adapt a story from our English textbook for a short play.
do us a favour/do a favour for us
[归纳]
ask sb.a favour = ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
do a favour for sb.= do sb.a favour 给某人以恩惠;帮助某人
in one's favour 有利于某人
in favour of 支持;赞同;有利于
[佳句]
A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of the proposal for health care reform.(2020·天津卷)
去年进行的一项调查显示,本市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的提议。
5.charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
[练透]——单句语法填空
①Your order will be delivered free __ charge within a ten-mile limit.
②There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge ____ admission or not.
③They are afraid of being charged ___ knocking him or her down if they help the old.
of
with
for
[写美]——一句多译
他不能掌管那家电脑公司,因为这超出了他的能力。
④He can't be ____________ the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
⑤He can't ______________ the computer company because it is beyond his ability.
⑥The computer company can't be ______________________ him because it is beyond his ability.
in charge of
take charge of
in/under the charge of
[归纳]
(1)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in/under the charge of 受……的管理
free of charge = for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.=accuse sb.of (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事
[佳句]
He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.(2021·天津卷)
他主动提出为任何需要的人免费修理自行车。
[点津]
in charge of以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。
6.involve vt.包含;牵涉,影响;(使)参加
[练透]——单句语法填空
①On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved __ it.
②Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves ________(spend) quite a lot of time with students.
in
spending
[写美]——句式升级
③He is busy preparing for the coming College Entrance Examination, and he has no time for relaxation.
→_________________________________________________________________, he has no time for relaxation.(用involve的分词形式作状语)
Involved in preparing for the coming College Entrance Examination
[归纳]
(1)involve sb.in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事;使某人牵扯到某事中
involve doing sth. 包括做某事;参与做某事
(2)involved adj. 复杂的;有牵连的,有关的
get/be involved in 被卷入……之中;热衷于,专心于
[点津]
involved adj.作前置定语时,意为“复杂的”;作后置定语时,意为“涉及的”。如:an involved sentence“一个复杂的句子”;the people involved“所涉及的人”。
7.permit n.执照;许可证;通行证 v.许可;允许;准许
[练透]——单句语法填空
①The security system will not permit you ________ (enter) without the correct password.
②The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn't permit _______ (smoke).
[写美]——句式升级
③If time permits, I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.
→_______________,I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(独立主格结构)
to enter
smoking
Time permitting
[点津]
permit既可用于permit doing sth.,也可用于permit sb. to do sth.,有相同用法的动词还有:advise, allow, forbid等。
8.refer to 指的是;提到;涉及;参考;查阅
[练透]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public._________
②He spoke at the meeting for an hour without referring to his notes.________
③(2022·新高考卷Ⅱ) “Big change requires big ideas,”he said in a speech last month,referring broadly to the need to improve road safety.__________
指的是
查阅
提到
[写美]——词汇升级
④The discovery was regarded as the most exciting new development in this field by some scientists.
→The discovery __________________ the most exciting new development in this field by some scientists.
was referred to as
[归纳]
(1)refer ...to ... 把……提交……处理,把……提交给……
refer to ...as ... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及;参考;查阅
in/with reference to 关于
[佳句]
Youth, referred to as my best friend, accompanies me through my whole high school.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
《青春》被称为我最好的朋友,它陪伴我度过了整个高中。
[点津]
look up表示 “参考,查阅”时,其宾语多为word,information等;而refer to表示“参考,查阅”时,其宾语多为book,dictionary等。
9.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;偿清;成功,奏效;达到目的
[练透]——单句语法填空
①The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be paying ___.
②That I can pay ____ the help people give me makes me happy.
③I'd also like to know how much I have to pay ___ the course and whether accommodation is included.
[写美]——完成句子
④当我顺利地完成了所有科目考试的时候,我的确感到我的努力得到了回报。
When I passed the exams of all the subjects,I _________________________________.
off
back
for
did feel that my efforts paid off
[归纳]
pay for sth. 付某物的钱;为某事付出代价
pay for sb. 替某人付钱
pay sb.for sth. 因某事/物给某人报酬
pay back 偿还(欠款);报复;回报
pay a visit to 拜访
pay attention to 注意
pay the price 付出代价
[佳句]
The next moment witnessed their mother's happiness and their efforts to make the breakfast eventually paid off.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
接下来的一刻,他们看到了母亲的快乐,他们为早餐所做的努力终于得到了回报。
10.put forward 向前移;提出,提议,建议;拨快(钟表)
[练透]——用put短语的适当形式填空
①A week before Earth Day,posters were ______ around our school,calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
②We will _______ the picnic until next week,when the weather may be better.
③I can't make sense of the theory ___________ by a famous scholar.Do me a favour to explain it.
[写美]——词汇升级
④I don't know how you tolerate that noise!
→I don't know how you ___________ that noise!
put up
put off
put forward
put up with
[归纳]
put aside 忽视;储蓄;保留备用
put up 举起;张贴;建造;提供食宿
put off 延期;阻止
put on 穿(戴)上;上演
put out 扑灭;出版
put up with 容忍,忍受
[佳句]
The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
接下来的一分钟,粥煮沸了,把火扑灭了。
11.动词不定式作后置定语
(教材原句) Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize,awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria,one of the deadliest diseases in human history.
屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她在抗击疟疾中做出的贡献,疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。
[练透]——单句语法填空
①The only way to _______ (success) at the highest level is to have total belief that you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
②If I have any further news, you will be the first person _______ (know) it.
③The ability __________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
succeed
to know
to express
[写美]——完成句子
④金牌授予了韩松,他是在5公里越野跑比赛中第一个到达终点的人。(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)
The gold medal was awarded to Han Song, who _______________________________________in the 5 km cross country running race.
was the first to reach the finish line
[归纳]
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级或the next,the only,the last等修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰ability,chance,opportunity,desire,ambition,offer,anxiety,attempt等抽象名词。
[佳句]
Millions saw the apple fall, but Newton was the first one to ask why.
看到苹果落下的人不计其数,但牛顿是第一个问为什么的。
12.“It is+形容词+不定式”句式
(教材原句) However,it was hard to produce enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited.
然而,由于研究资源有限,难以生产出足够的青蒿提取物进行大型试验。
[练透]——单句语法填空
①I'm sure it is a good chance __________ (perform) your favorite music.
②It is no use ______ (try) to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.
③Though it's nice __ you to put him up, it's impossible for him to sleep on such a small bed.
to perform
trying
of
[写美]——句式升级
④You are careless to make so many mistakes in the exam.
→_____________________________ so many mistakes in the exam.
⑤He didn't pass the exam and that's a shame.
→__________________ he didn't pass the exam.
It is careless of you to make
It is a shame that
[归纳]
it作形式主语的常见句型:
(1)It is+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.
(2)It is+adj./n.+that从句
(3)It is no good/use doing sth.
做某事是没有好处/用的
[点津]
在“It is+adj.+of/for sb.to do sth.”中,for前面通常是difficult, necessary, important, easy等与事物的特征有关的形容词;而of前面常是kind, nice, good, stupid, silly, careful, careless等与人的特征有关的形容词。
核心素养 新导向 学科培优
维度1 一词多义
Ⅰ.根据语境选出credit的含义
A.n.赞扬,认可 B.vt.相信,信任
C.n.信用;信用额度 D.n.学分
1.Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world._
2.The library has lockers for students to store course literature.When you have obtained at least 40 credits,you may rent a locker._
3.It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her._
4.What's the credit limit on your credit card?_
A
D
B
C
Ⅱ.根据语境选出conduct的含义
A.n.行为 B.vt.传导 C.vt.进行 D.vt & vi.表现
1.Iron,being a metal,readily conducts heat._
2.His conduct disagrees with his words._
3.To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years._
4.He conducted himself far better than expected._
B
A
C
D
维度2 熟词生义
根据语境写出加黑词的词性和词义
1.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)There are plenty of other benefits, too: it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room._______
2.(2021·天津卷)We all need to get involved in saving energy whether it's at work, at home, or at school._______
3.(2020·天津卷) Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter,especially for a seventeen-year-old girl._______
vt.收费
v.参加
n.帮助
维度3 应用文写作
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)——农场采摘活动
Ⅰ.要点提示
1.上周末,我们学校组织了一场水果采摘活动,旨在让我们学生体验大自然的美。(intend)
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Last weekend,our school organized a fruit picking activity intending to make us students experience the beauty of nature.
2.由于我们的采摘知识有限,我们是在经验丰富的农民的指导下进行的。(limit)
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3.这次活动不仅涉及采摘水果,还有把水果做成沙拉、蛋糕和水果茶。(involve)
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4.虽然我们很累,但我们的努力得到了回报。我们对“没有付出,就没有回报”这句话有了更深的理解。(pay off)
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Because of our limited knowledge about picking,we did it under the guidance of the experienced farmers.
The activity involved not only picking fruits but making fruits into salad,cake as well as fruit tea.
Though we were tired,our efforts paid off.We have a better understanding of the saying“No pains,no gains.”
Ⅱ.衔接成文
将以上各句合并成小短文(注意:可增加语句及使用合适的衔接过渡词汇)
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[参考范文]
My Weekend
Last weekend,our school organized a fruit picking activity intending to make us students experience the beauty of nature.
My classmates and I went to Xinxing Farm by bike to pick strawberries.Upon entering the farm, we were attracted by its cleanness and rich varieties of fruit. Because of our limited knowledge about picking,we did it under the guidance of the experienced farmers.The activity involved not only picking fruits but making fruits into salad,cake as well as fruit tea. Though we were tired,our efforts paid off.We have a better understanding of the saying “No pains,no gains.”
读后续写微技能
情感细节描写之“悲伤”“沮丧”和“孤独”(二)
[积累常诵]
短语 ①one's heart sinks 心沉下去
②with a sinking heart 心情沉重
③in an unpleasant mood/in low spirits 情绪低落
④sadness comes in waves 悲伤如潮涌
⑤an ocean of sadness 悲伤的海洋
[语段写作]
1.按要求用表“悲伤、沮丧、消沉”的表达完成以下各句。
(1)得知自己没获奖,她的心沉了下去。
When she learned that she failed to win a prize, ______________. (动词)
(2)她咬着下唇, 心里很悲伤。
①She bit her bottom lip.________________________. (简单句)
②______________________________________________________ (with复合结构)
(3)她情绪低落,拖着两条沉重的腿,疲惫不堪地回到了家。
_________________________________________________________________________, tired out. (介词短语+动作描写)
her heart sank
Sadness filled her heart
She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart.
In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits,she dragged her heavy legs back home
(4)一进自己的房间,她就觉得悲伤如潮涌。
On entering her room, ___________________________________. (夸张的修辞手法)
(5)她一头倒在床上,忍不住痛哭。
__________________________________________________________________ (副词+动作描写+并列句)
(6)接下来的几天,她觉得自己在悲伤的海洋里漂浮,什么也不想做。
The next following days, _____________________________________________________, not wanting to do anything. (名词短语)
she felt that sadness came in waves
She threw herself onto the bed, and couldn't help crying bitterly.
she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness
2.将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。
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[参考范文]
When she learned that she failed to win a prize, her heart sank. She bit her bottom lip with sadness filling her heart. In an unpleasant mood/In low spirits, she dragged her heavy legs back home, tired out. On entering her room, she felt that sadness came in waves. Then, she threw herself onto the bed, and couldn't help crying bitterly. The next following days, she felt like she was floating in an ocean of sadness, not wanting to do anything.
谢谢大家!