牛津译林版八年级上册英语期中复习 U3-U4 导学案（讲义与习题，含答案）

八年级英语期中复习导学案（U3-U4）
一．单词复习
(A) 易拼错单词
instruction指示 finished完成 rope绳索 crazy着迷的，狂热的
once曾经，一度(过去时) mistake错误，失误 course课程；过程
already已经 sentence句子 grape葡萄 strawberry草莓
spoon匙，调羹 example例子；榜样 balloon气球 paint颜料
(B) 词形变化（标出词性，说出区别，强化记忆）
brush-brushes shelf-shelves
不可数名词 glue electricity furniture (a piece of furniture) ham salad
本身为复数名词 scissors( a pair of scissors) pants clothes shorts…
意思决定可数还是不可数 tape 胶带（不可数），磁带（可数）
spell –spelling paint-painting
exactly-exact terrible-terribly correct-correctly
comfortable- comfortably clear-clearly proper-properly
cut-cut leave-left stick-stuck put---put
buy---bought spell---spelled / spelt
active-inactive correct –incorrect complete-incomplete direct-indirect
possible-impossible proper-improper polite-impolite patient-impatient
useful—useless careful-- careless
above----There are clouds above the plane. （反义词：below）
over----- There is a bridge over the river. （反义词：under）
decorate 动词，修饰，装饰。名词形式decoration.
常见词组decorate…with 用…装饰
instead与instead of
a. instead 意为代替，替代，作副词用，通常位于句尾。如位于句首，常用逗号与后面隔开。
b. Instead of是介宾短语，后面一般跟名词、代词、介词、短语、动词-ing形式。
二．重点短语及句子用法
1. had better get some tools最好拿一些工具
had better not paint it blue最好别将它涂成蓝色
had better do sth/had better not do sth
(had不能改为have或has, 对上级或长辈不宜用)
2. fail to do sth 做某事失败 fail to pass the exam = fail in the exam 考试失败
3. cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors剪出----
cut some of the larger fruit into small pieces把------切成-------
4. tidy up收拾妥，整理好 tidy it up
5. keep it secret保密
keep secrets for someone else为别人保守秘密
keep secrets to oneself 自己保守秘密
6. go wrong弄错，犯错，（机器）出故障
go bad/missing turn brown get lost
7. keep doing 持续不断做某事 有时也用 keep on doing
continue to do/doing sth go on to do/doing sth
8. take time =take a long time 费时
Sometimes it’ll take time to do a DIY job.
9.be crazy about sth./be crazy about doing sth对某事痴迷/ 痴迷于做某事
drive someone crazy/mad使某人发狂
10. make sure 确保，保证
make sure to do/make sure that
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外的事儿
12. be crazy about sth./be crazy about doing sth对某事痴迷/ 痴迷于做某事
drive someone crazy/mad使某人发狂
13. look terrible看上去可怕 terribly busy相当忙
14. fill the room with water 房间充满了水
fill…with…用……填充……
be filled with----/be full of---
15. paint it blue把它涂成蓝色 paint /colour （v.给------着色）sth. + 颜色
16. One..., the other... 两者（一个 另一个）
Another… 不限定数量（另个一）
17. look as good as it tastes看上去跟它尝起来一样好吃
taste v./n. tasty adj.
18．get sth. ready把……准备好
prepare for sth. / prepare to do sth.
19．some time 一段时间 sometime某时 some times几次 sometimes 有时
20．stay at home all day整天呆在家里
all day = the whole day 整天
21．next door在隔壁
隔壁的邻居 the neighbour next door
22．have fun working together -起工作很开心
have fun/have a good time/enjoy oneself doing sth
23. No problem. 没问题
A. 用于回答感谢
B. 用于回答道歉
C. 表示同意或愉快地回答请求
D. 表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题，不在话下”
24. It’s time的用法
It’s time to do sth.该做某事了。
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了
25. know everything about it 知道关于它的一切
know much more about DIY 关于自己动手做，知道多得多
26.It says,“Do it yourself.” Say 表报纸，杂志，标志牌或说明书上写着。
27.What do you need for that 做那个你需要什么 ？
28. I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday.我每周六一直在独自阅读所有的书并且上课。
attend意为“参加，出席”。通常用作及物动词，其宾语通常是meeting，party，show，wedding，class，lecture，school，church，lesson等以及类似具有“活动”意义的名词。如：
Did you attend the meeting yesterday
你昨天去开会了吗？
attend lessons/the meeting
join the Reading Club join in /take part in the activity
29.They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other.书无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多。
“副词much+形容词比较级”体现比较的程度。类似的表达还有much bigger(大得多)，much more(多得多)，much more beautiful(漂亮得多)等。
30. pay some money for something （paid） 为某物付钱
pay someone to do something 付钱给某人做某事
sb. spend sm. on sth. (spent) 某人花---钱在某方面
sb spend sm. doing sth. 某人花----钱做某事
sth. cost sb. sm. (cost) 某物花费某人---钱
(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
It takes/took sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。
doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。
Eg:I _____ two hours on this maths problem.
A new computer _______ a lot of money.
Repairing this car ________him the whole afternoon.
31. advise-advice _______ sb (not) to do sth
give sb some _______/suggestions(on sth)
32. leave leave sth at sp leave it in the air (行动上忘记)
forget to do/doing sth(思想上忘记)
I ______ my English book at home this moring.
33. make a mistake / make mistakes 犯错(mistook)
mistake---for--- 把------误认为------
Eg:She _______ him ______ the professor.
34. put up 张贴/搭建/进行 put on穿上（衣服等） put---away---整理，收拾
put off 推迟，耽搁 put in 安装,插话 put ---into ---将…注入---
Eg:He took down the old picture and ___put up_____ the new one.
The meeting has been ___put off______because of the rain.
You can do anything well if you____put____ your heart ___into_____ it.
35. 需要（实义） sb need sth /to do sth. sth need doing/to be done
需要（情态） sb needn’t do sth
36．谓语就近原则：not only…but(also)不仅……而且……；……和……都
either---or---/neither---nor---(两者)
谓语复数： both---and---
Eg:When the girl is happy, she either sings （sing）or dances ( dance).
Neither dad nor mum is （be）at home today.
Not only Tom but also his classmates are （be）working hard.
Both she and I are （be）good at English.
37.Here are clear instructions.这儿有很清楚的说明。
这句是个倒装句型。在英语中当句子以一些副词there，here，so等开头时，常需倒装。倒装句可分为两种类型：全部倒装和部分倒装。当主语是指物的名词时，采用全部倒装；当主语是人称代词时，则用部分倒装。如：
There goes (go) the bell.铃响了。
Here comes (come) the bus.公共汽车来了。
注意：以there，here引导的倒装句，其谓语动词的“单复数”采用“就近原则”。如：Here is (be)a boy and two young men in the room.
一个男孩和两个年轻人在房间里。
38 Mix them together. Add some salad cream if you like.把它们混合在一起。如果你喜欢的话，可以加一些沙拉酱。
(1) mix可作及物动词或不及物动词。它的名词形式是mixture；形容词形式是mixed。如：
Oil and water don't mix up .油与水不相融。
Don't try to mix business' with pleasure.
不要把正事和娱乐混在一起。
mix-mixed a __mixed____ school
mix with把东西混合起来；mix up 弄混，误认为……是
(2) add意为“增加”。常与介词t0连用，即add…to…，意为“把……加到……中去；往……中加…．”。如：
If you add 4 to 6，you get 10.4加6等于10。
add还表示“补充（说道）”，即“又说；继续说”。如：
Mother adds that we must get back as soon as possible.
妈妈接着又说我们必须尽早回来。
Exercise
1. Have you ever ▲ of walking on the moon (梦想)
2. The Earth Day is celebrated on ▲ 22 nd each year. (四月)
3. The 5-year-old boy had difficulty ▲ her mother’s absence. (解释)
4. We have a long way to go before AI can truly begin to be ▲ to the human brain. (类似的)
5. We enjoy reading books that belong to us much more than if they are ▲ .( 借用)
6. The problem of stress gets worse when people keep their worries to ▲ . (they)
7. Who is ▲ : someone who has enough money to buy an iphone7 or someone who has a family dinner years away from home (happy)
8. More and more Chinese students choose to go abroad for further ▲ . （educate）
9. Most of the students of my age have Art lessons ▲ a week. (two)
10. My home is not far away from my school, only ten ▲ ride. (minute)
答案：dreamed/dreamt April explaining similar borrowed
themselves happier education twice minutes’
三.语法复习
1.反身代词
单 数 复数
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself themselves
herself
itself
常和反身代词连用的动词短语。
enjoy oneself 过得开心，玩得愉快 look after oneself = take care of oneself 照顾自己
hurt oneself 伤到某人自己 help oneself to …请随便吃…
wash oneself 洗澡 make …by oneself 自己做 , 独立完成
dress oneself穿衣 buy …for oneself / buy oneself sth给自己买东西
look at oneself in the mirror照镜子 say to oneself 自言自语
teach oneself= learn …by oneself 自学 hide oneself隐藏某人自己
come to oneself苏醒 make yourself at home 别拘束
leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下 lose oneself 迷失方向，迷路
for oneself （用作副词）
(1) 为了自己，例如：
She kept the biggest piece of pie for herself. 她把最大的一块馅饼给了自己。
(2) 亲自，独自，独立（做……），相当于 without being helped，与by oneself 同义。例如：
You should work out the problem for yourself. 你应该独立解决这个问题。
by oneself （用作副词）
(1) 独自一人(= alone),例如：
She used to sit by herself and read. 她从前常常独自坐着看书。
(2) 独立地，单独地=without help，与for oneself 同义。如：
He finished it by himself. 他独立完成那件事。
注意：反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。
反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。
2.祈使句。
祈使句表示命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形，其否定形式就是在句首加Don't。祈使句一般有四种类型：
(1)行为动词类型：Open the door，please!请把门打开！
Don't open the door，please!请不要开门！
(2)以let开头的祈使句：Let me go there.让我去那儿吧。
(3)“Be+形容词”类型：Be careful! 小心！
(4)“No+名词／动名词”类型：No smoking! 禁止吸烟!
(5)祈使句的反义疑问句的简略疑问句，一般用will you
但是Let’s….句型后加shall we
3．用should，had better等提建议。
(1) Would you like／love(to do) sth.
这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型，并带有与对方商量的意味，
意为“你想要（做）……吗？”。
(2) Shall I／we do sth．？
此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的，意为“我（们）做……好吗？”，语气委婉，商量的语气较浓。
(3)Let's do sth.
当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议，让对方和自己一起去做某事时，常用该句型，意为“咱们做……吧。”该句型后常加附加问句“shall we ”，使语气更加委婉。
(4)主语+had better (not) do sth.．
该句型用于表示对下级、晚辈的劝告，往往带有命令、强制的语气，意为“某人最好（不要）做某事”。
(5) Why don't you/we do sth.？表示向对方提出一种建议或询问某种原因，暗含有责备对方的意思，意为“为什么不……？”。
(6) What/How about (doing) sth.
如果是在讨论式的谈话中，可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。
(7) You should (not) do...,
此句型意为“你（不）应该做……”。should的语气比had better要委婉。
Exercise
( ) 1. Jim, _____ me a hand.
A. gives B. is giving C. will give D. give
( ) 2. ____ careful, Jenny! There is a tree in front of you.
A. Am B. / C. Be D. Was
( ) 3. Please ___ do it.
A. he B. let him C. let he D. him
( ) 4. _____ let anyone open the door.
A. Don't B. Will C. Not D. No
( ) 5. —Don’t be late again.
—Sorry, ______.
A. I may B. I must C. I will D. I won’t
( ) 6. —Call me when you get home.
—OK, ____.
A. I must B. I can C. I will D. I may
( ) 7. Don’t tell him the fact now, _____
A. shall we B. shall you C. will you D. do you
( ) 8. Let’s finish the work all by ourselves, ____
A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. do we
( ) 9. Please turn on the light, _____
A. are you B. shall we C. shall I D. will you
( ) 10.You had better _______ a course in DIY.
A. to take B. taking C. to taking D. take
答案：D C B A D C C A D D