专题07 动词和动词短语课件(共33张PPT) 中考英语语法专项突破

(共33张PPT)
专题七 动词和动词短语
考点 1 常见易混动词辨析
1. spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”
I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
spend 主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend...on...；spend...（in）doing sth.
pay 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay...for...
cost 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱。sth. cost（s） sb. ...
take 多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。 It takes/took sb. ...to do sth.
They spent two years （in） building this bridge.
建这座桥花了他们两年时间。
I have to pay ＄400 for this house each month.
我每个月要付400美元的房租。
This new computer cost me a lot of money.
这台新电脑花了我一大笔钱。
It took them three years to build this road.
他们用3年时间修了这条公路。
即学即练
选词填空（spend/take/cost/pay）
1. The mistake almost _____ him his life.
2. Our teacher often encourages us ________ at least one hour a day reading books.
3. It ________ you more than three hours to get to Beijing by train.
4. —How much will I ____ for a night
—Prices vary from room to room.
cost
to spend
will take
pay
2. reach/get/arrive表示“到达”
reach 及物动词，其后可直接跟地点作宾语
get 不及物动词，通常接介词to，get to +地点
arrive 不及物动词，通常跟介词at或in，arrive at +小地点，arrive in +大地点
即学即练
选词填空［reach/get/arrive（at/in）］
5. —Why are you in such a hurry
—We’re supposed to___________________ the shop early.
6. Don’t forget to write as soon as you ___________________ Australia.
7. With the help of the Internet，news can __________________ every corner of the world.
8. I will send you an e-mail as soon as I ______ in Egypt.
get to/ reach/arrive at
get to/reach/arrive in
get to/reach/arrive at
arrive
3. wear/put on/dress/be in
wear “穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等
put on “穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词组为take off
dress “穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress oneself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”
be in 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词
即学即练
9. As a teacher，I really feel worried to see so many children ________ （戴着）glasses.
wearing
4. hope/wish/expect
hope 希望，hope to do sth.；hope + that从句
wish 但愿，希望，wish to do sth.；wish sb. to do sth.；wish + that从句
expect 期望，期盼，expect to do sth.； expect sb. to do sth.
5. speak/say/talk/tell
speak 发言；说（某种语言）
say 说（内容）
talk 谈论；talk about sth.；talk to/with sb.
tell 告诉；讲述；tell sb. （not） to do sth.
6. look/watch/see/read表示“看”
look 看（动作）；不及物动词
watch 看（电视、比赛）；注视
see 看见（结果）；看望；理解（I see.）
read 看（书、报）；读
7. borrow/lend/keep表示“借”
borrow 非延续性动词；表示主语借入，borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词；表示主语借出，lend sth. to sb.；lend sb. sth.
keep 延续性动词；表示“长时间地借”
即学即练
选词填空（borrow/lend/keep）
10. —Students at Green High School often ________books
　from their school library.
—How long can they _____ them
borrow
keep
8. hear/listen/sound
hear 听见；hear +名词/代词（强调听的结果）
listen 听；listen to +名词/代词（强调听的过程）
sound 听起来；sound +形容词（强调听的效果）
即学即练
选词填空（hear/listen/sound）
11. —Do you like the songs by Taylor Swift
—Yes. Country music 　　　 nice and is full of feelings.
sound
9. win/beat/defeat/hit
win 赢得；win +比赛/奖品等
beat 打败；beat +人/某支队伍
defeat 和beat是同义词
hit “打中”或“对准……来打”，着重指敲打或打击对方的某一点
The stone hit him on the head. 石头击中了他的头部。
正：He beat/defeated me at chess.
　他下国际象棋赢了我。
正：He won the game. 他赢了比赛。
误：He won me at chess./He beat/defeated the game.
考点 2 动词短语辨析
常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。
1.同一动词的不同搭配
（1） look短语
look at看
look after照料，照顾
look for寻找；寻求
look forward to盼望；期待
look out注意，当心；向外看
look through快速查看；浏览
look over仔细检查
look up向上看；（在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅
look up to钦佩；仰慕
（2） take短语
take care of照顾；处理
take in吸入；吸收
take off脱下；起飞
take place发生；出现
take up占据；（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做
（3） turn短语
turn on打开
turn off关掉；拒绝
turn up调高
turn down调低
turn...into把……变成
turn left/ right向左/右转
（4） get短语
get dressed穿上衣服
get lost迷路
get on上车
get off下车
get on/along with与……相处
get up起床
（5） put短语
put on穿上；增加（体重）；发胖；上演
put off推迟
put up张贴，公布
put down放下；写下，记下
put away收拾（整理）好
put out熄灭；扑灭
（6） surprise短语
be surprised to do...吃惊做……
be surprised at...对……感到吃惊
to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是
in surprise吃惊地
（7） use短语
use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事
sth. be used to do sth.某物被用来做某事
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
be/get used to doing习惯于做……
（8） give短语
give away赠送；捐赠
give out分发
give up放弃
give in屈服
（9） cut短语
cut down砍倒
cut off切除
cut up切碎
（10） come短语
come true实现；成为现实
come up with想出；提出（主意、计划等）
（11） make短语
make sure确保
make up编造（故事、谎言等）
be made up of 由……组成
2.同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配
（1） off短语
take off脱下；起飞
put off 推迟，拖延
go off 离开
set off动身，出发
fall off 跌落
call off取消
show off 炫耀
（2） up 短语
cheer up （使）变得高兴，振奋起来
clean up打扫干净
cut up切碎
eat up吃光
dress up装扮
end up最终成为；最后处于
fix up修理
give up放弃
hurry up赶快
grow up长大；成熟 look up向上看；查阅
make up编造（故事、谎言等）
pick up捡起；搭载 put up张贴；公布
set up建立 show up出现
stay up熬夜 wake up叫醒
take up（尤指消遣）学着做；开始做；占据
（3） out短语
blow out吹灭
check out察看；观察
find out查明；弄清楚
give out分发
go out外出
hang out闲逛
lay out摆开；布置
run out（of）用尽，耗尽
sell out卖完
work out成功地算出；解决
3.完全不同的动词短语
ask for请求；恳求（给予）
care for照顾；非常喜欢
believe in信任；信赖
care about关心；在意
depend on依靠；取决于
divide...into...把……分开
separate from分开；分离
hear from收到（某人的）来信、电话等
throw away扔掉；抛弃
drop by顺便访问
stick to坚持；固守
pay attention to注意；关注
pass by路过；经过
pay for为……付钱
prepare for为……做准备
laugh at嘲笑
agree with 同意
make progress取得进步
stay away from 远离
make friends with 和……交朋友
deal/do with处理，解决