Module 4 Music Born in America模块精品备课

课件24张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaCultural Corner
Americans Who Changed the World of MusicLouis Armstrong 从1901年出生于新奥尔良到1971年心脏衰竭逝世为止的七十年岁月里，这位爵士巨人也是摇滚先驱者为后人留下了无数伟大的作品。早在1920年，19岁时他就已经开始演奏生涯。如何评价他在爵士音乐中的重要性都不为过，相当于古典音乐的巴赫、摇滚音乐的猫王，是音乐史中最有影响的音乐家之一。 “What A Wonderful World”是他最为著名的作品，被无数后来的音乐家翻唱过。Louis Armstrong的小号，可能是全世界最快乐的小号; Louis Armstrong的歌声，可能是世界上豁达的歌声，而他沙哑的演唱如同他的小喇叭吹奏一般令人怀念。Robert Johnson 罗伯特·约翰逊，一位一生只录了2张专辑不到30首歌的歌手兼吉他手，以其魔鬼般的天赋创造了感动人们的终极乡村蓝调风格。他的嗓音不像Armstrong那样低沉沙哑，但是却很有深度，感觉就在你的心底低声抱怨。Woody Guthrie Woody Guthrie, 最初民谣音乐的英雄，他将民谣音乐转变为申张社会正义的工具，为后来的Bob Dylan、Bruce Springsteen及许多其它民谣摇滚歌曲作者铺平了道路，他写出了数百首广为流传的歌曲，他的多彩生活使他的歌曲创作同样充满传奇。Eric ClaptonThe Rolling StonesBob DylanRead the passage and answer the questions.1. What kind of music was each artist famous for?
Louis Armstrong: Jazz
Robert Johnson: Blues
Woody Guthrie: folk2. What else do you know about other musicians mentioned in the passage?
Eric Clapton
The Rolling Stones
Bob DylanRead the passage again and fill in the blanks by yourselves.Louis Armstrong, _____ in 1901, was one of the most _________ artists
____ ____ _________ _____ music. His nickname was Satchmo, which
____ ______ _____ “Satchel Mouth”, because of his large mouth.borninfluentialin the history of was short for (2) Robert Johnson, ______ in Mississippi, wrote very _______ and sad blues songs, whose music has _________ generations of modern rock musicians. He _________ ___ record 29 songs, and _____ ___ _________ ___ white audiences.bornpoeticinfluencedmanaged tomake an impression on(3) Woody Guthrie, known as a pioneer of ______ music, was _______ ______ a president. As he grew older, his songs became more humorous and optimistic. His belief is that it doesn’t matter if you’re black, white, …, you can do something ____ your life.protestnamed after withI wanted black music to make an impression on white audiences…
make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象
e.g. The book made a deep impression
on him.Language pointsOrganising a class concertTask1. Work in groups and follow the instructions. Discuss the kind of music that you like. Make a list of the recorded music that you have at home.2. Decide which music you would like to play for the class. Try to choose something that is a little different or unusual.
3. Make notes about the music you have chosen, so that you can tell the rest of the class about.Bring your recordings of the music to
class. Introduce the music to the class and
play it.
If you prefer, sing a song or play instruments yourselves.Homework课件47张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaGrammar (I) Read the sentence and choose the best explanation.The moment I heard it, I knew it was a
completely new kind of music.
I only heard it for a moment…
(b) For a few seconds when I heard
it…
(c) As soon as I heard it…(c)What do you think of sentence it belongs to?
It belongs to Adverbial clauses of time.Some explanations of adverbial clauses of time: 1) 时间状语从句可用when, while, as, before, after, as soon, as, since, till / until, the moment, the minute, immediately, every time, next time, ever sine等词语引导。when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
when用法小结：
1. when引导时间状语从句, 从句中的谓语
动词可以是延续性动词
e.g. When I lived there, I used to go to
the beach on Sundays.
也可以是短暂性动词
e.g. When the film ended, the people
went back home.2. when前面的分句为when分句提供时间
背景，可翻译为“这时，突然，刚……
就……”等。这种用法有三种结构：
1) when前面的分句使用进行时
e.g. We were drawing on the
blackboard when the teacher came in.
2) when前面的分句使用be about to
e.g. We were about to set off when it
suddenly began to rain. 3) when前面的分句使用完成时
e.g. We had just fallen asleep when the
bell rang. while用法小结：????
while引导时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，强调主句谓语动词所表示的动作在从句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的过程中发生或主从句两个谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
e.g. Please don’t talk so loud while
others are working.
While you are sorting your things
upstairs, I’ll pack your books.as用法小结：
as引导时间状语从句，意为“在……的时候，当”，有以下两种常见用法：
(1) 两件事情同时发生
e.g. He hurried home, looking
behind as he went.
As we get older, we get wiser.
As the day went on, the weather
got worse.(2) 某事一发生，另一事立即发生
e.g. As I left the house I
remembered the key. 用when, while, as完成下列句子。
1. The children sang happily _____ they went along the road.
2. We were swimming in the lake _____ suddenly the storm started.
3. _____ Jack was a young child, he was lucky to be part of a rich family.
4. _____ he was eating, the man also watched TV.as?whenWhenWhile表示“一……就……”时间状语从句　
As soon as+句子 还有三种类型的连词
名词: the moment/ minute/ second +句子
e.g. The moment I saw her, I cried out.
副词: immediately/directly/instantly+句
e.g. Immediately he came, I told him the
news.
句式: no sooner…than… hardly/scarcely…when…before & after 引导时间状语从句
before 的三种特殊翻译
①跟can/could 连用, 译成“还没来及就…”
②强调时间/距离长，译成“才”
③时间/距离短，译成“不到…就…”till & until 引导时间状语从句
一般情况下till和until可以互换; 但till不能放在句首。
e.g. I didn’t go to bed until (till) my
father came back.
I worked until (till) he came back.
until 的三个句型
①…not…until… ② Not until…… ③It is not until…that (这里不能用when)…某些表示时间的名词词组, 如 the day, the
year, the morning, every time, each time,
next time, the first time, by the time等,
也可以引导时间状语从句。
① Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
每一次我感冒的时候，我都会背痛。② I’m going to see him next time
he comes to Shenzhen.
下一次他来深圳的时候, 我会去看他的。
③ He left Europe the year World War II broke out.
二战爆发的那一年他离开欧洲。
④ He had impressed me that way the first
time I met him.
我第一次见到他的时候, 他给我留下那样的印象。By the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
Be the time+ 一般现在时，主句用现在完成时。
Be the time + 一般将来时，主句用将来完成时。
e.g. By the time you came back, I had finished
reading this book.
By the time you come here, I will have
finished this work.　
By the time I stand here, I have realized my
fault.有些词, 如 immediately, directly,
instantly, the (very) moment, the minute,
the instant等, 当用于as soon as的意义时,
也可以引导时间状语从句。
e.g. I got in touch with him immediately I
received his letter.
My sister came directly she got my
message. I’ll tell you about it the moment / the very moment / the minute / the instant you come.
有些关联从属连词, 如 no sooner … than / hardly … when / scarcely … when等，也能引导时间状语从句。
注意: 如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, 置于句首, 它所连带的这部分就要倒装, 如:① She had no sooner heard the news than she cried.
? No sooner had she heard the news than she cried.
② They had hardly started to work when the trouble began.
? Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began.翻译句子 我一见到他就告诉他这个消息。(as
soon as)
(2) 她一来到教室，就开始读英语。(as
soon as) I’ll tell him the news as soon as I see him. As soon as she came into the classroom, she began to read English. (3) 我刚一到家天就下雨了。(no
sooner … than …)
(4) 他刚做完试卷，铃声就响了。
(hardly … when …)No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. Hardly had he finished the test when the bell rang. (5) 他一来，你就可立即离开。
(immediately)
(6) 我一见到你，就认出你来了。
(the moment)You may leave immediately he comes. I recognized you the moment I saw you. (7) 每次见面，他都向我问候，说“你
好！”(each time / every time)
(8) 到18岁的时候，她已大学毕业了。
(by the time)He greeted with “Hello!” each time he saw me. By the time she was 18, she had already graduated from the university. Grammar (2)
EllipsesRead the following sentences and say which one is better and why. Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t
come to school to see me the next day.
b. Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn’t.Answer:
The second sentence is better than the first one. Because it left out the same part of one sentence. It can make us easy to understand and easy to read. Ellipses 省略(1) 简单句省略
省略主语 I Beg your pardon. / It Sounds a good idea. / You Take care!
省略谓语 Who comes next? / We’ll do
the best we can do.
省略表语 -- Are you ready?
-- Yes, I am ready.
Tom is not cruel, nor is his sister cruel.省略宾语 Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash
dishes and you’ll dry dishes.
省略主谓 I am sorry.
省略定语 He spent part of the money,
and the rest of the money he saved.
省略主谓宾-- Do you like English?
-- Yes, I like English very much.(2) 复合句中的省略: so, not的替代性省略
肯定: I think (hope, suppose, believe, expect, guess, am afraid) so.
否定: I don’t think (believe, suppose, expect) so.
I think (suppose, believe, expect, guess, hope, am afraid) not.
e.g. — Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
— I think so. / I don’t think so. / I think not. 状语从句中的省略
由when, while, as, once, whenever引导
的时间状语从句
(b) if, unless引导的条件状语从句
(c) though, although, as if, as引导的方式
状语从句
e.g. When it is heated, a piece of ice will
turn into water.
If it is necessary, I will apologize to him.
Be careful while you are crossing the street.注意如果从句的主语是it或与主句相同, 谓语含有be, 常省略从句的主语和be动词。宾语从句的省略
I believe that you will succeed.
定语从句关系代词的省略（限定性定语从句）
e.g. I’ll give you all that I have.
I don’t like the way that / in which you
talk to do others.
Shaoguan is no longer the city which /
that it used to be.
I arrived here the day when he left.省略从句与主句相同的部分
e.g. Don’t eat more food than it is good
for.
(3) 其他省略现象
不定式中的省略 (tell, ask, advise, permit, force, etc.)
e.g. He may leave if he wishes to leave.
He wanted to go but I told him not
to go.
-- Could you come?
-- I’m glad to / would love to come.不定式在happy, glad, eager, ready, willing, love后时可以省略，但要保留to。
e.g. --Would you love to come?
-- Yes, I would love to come.
有固定短语引起的疑问句
e.g. What about having a game of chess?
Why not try again?Read the sentences. Add the words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences.1 ( ) Didn’t mean to.
2 ( ) Not true!
3 ( ) Heard this song?
4 –Who gave you that CD? –Dad ( ).I It’sHave yougave it to me5 I lent it to someone but I can’t remember who ( ).
6 She said she’d call me but she hasn’t
( ).I lent it tocalled meRead the conversation. Put brackets around that can be left out. The first example is done for you.Angela: What is your favourite kind of
music?
Lizzie: (My favourite kind of music is) jazz.
Angela: Is it really?
Lizzie: Yes, it is.
Angela: Have you got a favourite jazz
musician?( )( )Lizzie: Have you ever heard of Louis
Armstrong?
Angela: Mmm … he played the trumpet,
didn’t he?
Lizzie: Yes, he did. He was a good singer,
too.
Angela: Have you got many of his CDs?
Lizzie: I’ve only got two CDs.
Angela: Can I borrow one of these CDs ?
Lizzie: Yes, of course you can borrow one.( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )Read the conversation and add words to make it clearer.Matt: What are you doing?
Garry: _____ looking for my CD.
________ seen it anywhere?
Matt: Which one _____________?
Garry: _______ the one with the hip
hop songs on it.
Matt: _________ tried looking in the car?
_____ could be there, I guess.I’mHave youdo you meanI meanHave youIt Garry: _____ good idea.
_____ anybody got the car keys?
Matt: ___ haven’t seen them, ______ sorry. That’s Has I’mIChange the sentences into elliptical sentences.1. She likes singing and she likes dancing.
2. Is this the driver that you talked about
yesterday?
3. The man who is sitting by the window
is Mr. Smith.
4. He could not decide whether to buy the
car or not to buy the car.5. When it is heated, the metal expands.
6. You can do it if you want to do it.
7. My father planed all these houses and
my father built all these houses.
8. He is the last person that I want to see.
9. He worked hard but his brother did
not work hard.
10. While he was reading the newspaper,
grandpa nodded from time to time.HomeworkComplete the exercises on page 109.课件25张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaIntroductionWhat do you know
about American music?America music is the mixture of all kinds of culture and music. On the other hand, America is a free country for the music development.We have learnt more things about music.
Now, let’s review what we have learnt by now.guitar piano violin cello lute harp drum flute vertical bamboo flute
electronic organ saxophone 1. Instrumentsinger, conductor / director musician,
composer, band, choir 2. The people who are concerned with
music.folk music rock and rollclassical musicjazz pop musicrap3. the types of music soul music 灵乐
blues n. 布鲁斯音乐
harmonica n. 口琴
sophisticated adj. 复杂的, 高级的
rhythmic adj. 有节奏的Vocabularyrhythm n. 节律，节奏
gospel n. 福音音乐
improvisation n. 即席演奏
syncopation n. 切分音，切分节奏Look at the photos and answer the questions.1. What is the difference between a choir and a band?A choir is a large group of singers.
A band is a small group of musicians. They play music and may also sing.2. What instruments do jazz musicians play? In the picture we can see saxophones, drums and a double bass, although other instruments, piano, trumpet, etc. are also common.3. What’s the difference between the soul singer and the blues singer?The woman is a black soul singer. Her music is often quite loud, and people often dance to it. The man is probably a white blues singer who is singing as well as playing a guitar. Blues is often quieter than soul music, and people don’t usually dance to it.Read the passage and fill in the table.Southern United StatesSouthern United StatesIn the 19th century / Church, strong and rhythmicA mixture of blues, gospel, a little rock and rollAfrican-Americans in New OrleansIn the early 20th centuryImprovisation and using unusual rhythms (syncopation)African-Americans in New OrleansIn the late 19th and early 20th centuriesUsing guitar, piano, harmonica 1. rhythm n. 节律；节奏；律动
rhythmic adj. 有节奏的
rhyme n./v. 押韵词
押韵，和……同韵
e.g. play the same tune in/with a
different rhythm
用不同的节奏演奏同一个曲子Language pointsthe rhythm of his heart 他的心跳的节律
the rhythm of the tides, seasons 潮汐的涨落, 四季的循环
You can’t rhyme box with backs.
你不能用box和backs押韵。
rhyming couplets 押韵两行诗2. sophisticated
1) 复杂的, 高级的, 精良的, 尖端的
e.g. sophisticated modern weapons 精良的现代武器
2) 世故的, 老练的, 高级时髦的
e.g. sophisticated tastes 高雅的口味
sophisticate n. 老于世故的人(常做反语)3. improvise v.
1) 即兴创作, 演奏, 讲话, 表演
e.g. an improvised speech 即席的演讲
The pianist forgot his music and
had to improvise.
If an actor forgets his words, he has
to improvise. 如果一个演员忘了台词, 他必须临
时现编。2) (临时就现有的条件)做某事
e.g. We improvised a sandpit (沙坑)
for the children to play in.
We improvised a dinner for the
unexpected guests.
为不速之客准备晚餐。4. consist of 由……组成
e.g. The committee consists of ten
members.
委员会由十个成员组成。课件42张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaListeningMatch the instructions on the left with the meanings on the right.turn the music up make the music quieter
turn the music down start playing the music
turn the music on make the music louder
turn the music off stop playing the music1. Listen to the conversations and choose the correct answers.
1) Who are the people?
a. two sisters
b. a mother and a daughter
c. two friends Listening2) What are they talking about?
a. music that someone else is listening to
b. music that they both like
c. music that one of them is listening to3) Why was is difficult for one speaker to hear the other speaker?
a. The music was too loud.
b. The band was American.
c. Someone was waiting for a phone call.4) Why was one of the speakers listening to music, instead of being outside?
a. It was a beautiful day.
b. She was waiting for a phone call.
c. She liked hip hop music.2. Read this extract from the conversation and underline the stressed words.A: Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
B: Not true! I listened to one of your CDs the other day. It was really loud!A: Well, when I was your age, we didn’t listen to loud music.
B: I bet you did!
A: We didn’t!
B: Really?
A: All right, we did. But we didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days.B: OK. I’ll turn it down.
A: Thank you.句子重音
1) 实词重读（副词重读）, 虚词轻读 (冠词, 单音节介词, 单音节连词, 人称代词, 反代词, 物主代词, 关系代词, 相互代词, 助动词, 情态动词和系动词be ）2) 实词不重读的特殊情况
a) 实词第二次出现 He thinks of that as a
child thinks.??
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her
in the railway station.?? c) 代替词
Which book do you want? The small
one.??
d) 感叹词中的 what和how。
What a good day it is!
How beautiful she is!??
e) street在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.
f) this在这些短语中，this
morning/afternoon/evening 3) 虚词重读的特殊情况
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.??b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.??
c) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, he found a letter. He is the
person I talked with.?d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he
comes, I’ll tell him.??
e) 反身代词表示强调。
He couldn’t come himself. 单词重音
1)双音节词
a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry
b) 有a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-等前缀的词，第二个 音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve.
c) 有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord.d) 有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war?2) 多音节词
a) 一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family. ?
b) 有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成
了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的
重音读音。'carefully, 'comfortable,
con'ductor.?? c) 词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -
ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive后缀
的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节
上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial,
his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, d) 词尾有-ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette后缀
的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一
个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee,
mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'retteFunction
Comparing the present and the past1. Read these opinions from LISTENING on Page 49 and answer the questions.Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
When I was your age, we didn’t listen to such loud music.
We didn’t use to play music as loudly as you do these days.
We used to spend much more time in the open air than you do.1. Who is speaking?
2. Which words and expressions tell you that she is making comparisons?
3. Which words tell you that she is talking about things that happened regularly in the past?used to/ didn’t use to-er … than; such; as…as; much more The mother 2. Check the opinions that your parents have about the music you listen to.Pop music is much more interesting now than it is was when we were young.
Musicians were much more serious in the old days.
When we were young, the music we listened to wasn’t so loud.4. Chinese pop stars are better looking than they used to be.
5. Foreign singers and musicians aren’t as interesting as Chinese ones.3. Complete these sentences, making similar comparisons between the present and the past. Use the words in brackets.Modern pop stars ________________ ________________________________. (earn money)
Old rock bands __________________ ________________________________. (work hard) earn more money than pop stars used to in the sixties used to work harder than young rock bands do today.3. These days, bands ________________ __________________________________________. (sing and play instruments)
4. These days, music fans ______________ ____________________________________________. (spend money)
5. In the old days, _____________________ _______________________________________________. (opportunities to listen) don’t sing and play instruments as well as the old bands used to spend less money in buying records than people used to do there used to be less opportunities to listen to music than there are nowEveryday EnglishChoose the correct meaning. 1. Can you turn that music down a bit?
(a) Can you make it louder?
(b) Can you make it quieter?
2. It isn’t my cup of tea.
(a) Is isn’t the kind of thing I like.
(b) This tea belongs to someone else.ba3. We didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days.
(a) You like listening to music louder
than we did.
(b) We listened to louder music than you.
4. Why are you inside listening to music?
(a) Why don’t you turn the music off
and go out?
(b) Why don’t you listen to the music
outside?aa5. It’s her turn to call me.
(a) I called her last time.
(b) She wants to call me.aReading and writingEnjoy a classical music.How do you feel after you hear the classical music?Read the passage on Page 52 and
answer the questions.
1. What is probably the best type of music to listen to while you are studying?Mozart.2. What effect did listening to music
before a test have on some students?
3. Does music have the same effect on all students?Some students’ test scores improved temporarily.No, it doesn’t. Write a description of your study habits.
Use these questions to help you.
1. Do you agree with the writer that listening to music helps you study?
2. Does music make you fall asleep or concentrate?
3. Do you prefer studying in a quiet or noisy environment?
4. What type of music is best for studying?5. Is there any type of music you cannot
listen to while you are studying?
6. What will your parents think if they
hear music coming from your
bedroom when you are supposed to
be studying?
7. Do you think your test scores will
improve if you listen to Mozart when
you revise?1. Work in groups. Discuss what you have learnt in this module about the following:
the origins of jazz
the origins of hip hopSpeaking2. Look at the photos of musicians in this module (on Pages 44-45). Discuss the
following questions.
1) In which way are singers and
musicians today different from the
ones in the past?
2) Do modern musicians play the same
kinds of instruments as musicians in
the past?
3) What type of music would you like to
know more about?3. Discuss the questions about modern music.
1) What kind of music is there on
Chinese radio and TV?
2) Is there more modern or traditional
music on radio and TV?
3) What type of modern music do you
like?Write a description of your discussion. Homework课件54张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaReading and VocabularyContentsCareful ReadingLead-inSkimming Scanning Post ReadingLanguage PointsLook at the pictures and answer the questions:1. What are they doing?
2. Do you know what kind of dance do
they dance? They are dancing.It’s hip-hop. DJLook at some other pictures about hip-hop.breakdancingbreakdancingrap artistsgraffiti art Part 1: Hip hop is an American cultural
movement which started in the
1970s at block parties in New York,
especially in a district called the
Bronx.Read the passage quickly and try to catch the main idea of each part. SkimmingPart 2: MCs, another style of music
known as rap was born.
Part 3: There are two main reasons for
the success of hip hop.
Part 4: How did rap singers record their
songs?Read the passage and check the true statements.ScanningHis hop is the result of a combination of North American and Caribbean influences.
Jamacian DJs continued to play reggage music even thought the audiences didn’t like it.T F 3. Hip hop was successful because it doesn't cost a lot of money to do it.
4. After the early recordings, rap artists changed the way they recorded their songs.
5. Hip hop music is only produced in the United States.T T F Read part 1 and find words which mean: local street
the mic (microphone) controller
when you can only hear the drummer
a typical kind of music from the Caribbean
when you play records fro dancers
an island in the Caribbean Sea
fast dancing which can include spinning on your headblockDJpercussionreggaeDJ-ingJamaicabreakdancingCareful Readingrappingh. paintings on walls, for example
talking to a rhythmic music backing
j. a combination of rhythm and blues, gospei music and popgraffitisoul music1. Why did DJ Herc stop playing reggae music?Because he noticed that New York audiences didn’t like it.Read part 2 of the passage again and answer the questions.2. How did the DJs make the percussion breaks in the songs longer？
3. What were DJs who shouted during the songs called?By using two records on two turntables, side by side.MCs.4. How long were the performances of the shouting DJs?
5. Apart from the DJs, what else happened at block parties?Hours. Breakdancing.Read parts 3 and 4 of the passage again. Look at the words and phrases and choose the correct meanings.1 in decline
(a) becoming more popular
(b) becoming less popular
2 took advantage of
(a) used (b) didn’t useba3 the next generation
(a) The people who followed immediately
(b) people 20 years later
4 spread
(a) went to other places
(b) stayed in the same place
5 strongly influenced (by)
(a) affected a lot (b) didn’t affect at all
6 emerged
(a) disappeared (b) appearedaaabHow did rap singers record their songs?
The first time that rap artists recorded their music, ________ recorded the backing _____ (the music without the singing) in the ______ and the rappers added their ______ later. The next generation of ________ recorded their vocals at the same time as the musicians.musicians tracks studio vocals rappers Work in groups of four. Read the following comments about hip hop music and answer the question.You can use these questions:
1. What did you know about hip hop before you read the article on Pages 44 and 45?
2. Do you know the names of any rap artists?3. Have you ever seen a rap artist or a breakdancer? If you have, what were your impressions?
4. If you have heard rap music and hip hop, which of the opinions above do you agree or disagree with?Anyone can do it.
It’s cheap and easy.
It’s exciting.
You can make up your own words.
Breakdancing is interesting to watch.Discussion:
Do you like hip hop? And why?Graffiti art looks terrible.
Some of the words of rap songs are very aggressive.
Breakdancing is dangerous.
It sounds terrible.
Rap is boring. The words of early blues songs often
consisted of a single line repeated two
or three times before changing.
早期的蓝调歌曲通常包含一句要反复
唱两三遍才换的歌词。
consist of无被动态, 类似用法的词组还有: belong to, take place, happen, come
true, come out, break out, etc.2. …, but Herc and other DJs made them
longer by using two records on two
turntables, side by side.
side by side肩并肩, 相互扶持
e.g. ① Two children are walking side by
side.
② We stand side by side with you in
this competition. ※【拓展】类似的短语还有:
neck and neck 并驾齐驱地
head to head 交头接耳地
hand in hand 手牵手
shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
heart to heart 心心相印3. They experiment with different vocal and rhythmic approaches.
他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法。
◆ experiment with… 用……做实验
e.g. They are experimenting with new
methods of teaching.
※【拓展】experiment的其他用法：
make/do/carry out/perform /try an
experiment on/upon/in/ with 做实验(试
验)，对……做实验(试验)by experiment通过实验
e.g. They find out what foods the baby
likes by experiment.
◆ approach用作动词，表示“（在空间或时间上）接近，靠近（某人/某事物）”；approach用作名词，表示“接近，道路，方法（后跟介词to）”。e.g.
① The time is approaching when we must
leave. (vi.来临)
② As you approach the town the first
building you see is the church. (vt.走近)
③ His work is approaching perfection. (vt.
近似，接近) ④ Did he approach you about lending him some money? (vt. 找……商量)
⑤ He approached the difficulty with great
thought. (vt. 着手)
⑥ Our approach drove away the wild animals.
(n. 走近)
⑦ All the approaches to the town were
blocked. (n. 通路)
⑧ That professor’s new approach to language
teaching was considered better than anyone
else’s. (n.方法，手段) 4. Disco music and rock music were both
in decline in the mid-1970s.
阅读下列各句，并试着总结decline在
句中的含义及用法。
1) Mary declined a hot drink and went
to her room.
decline作动词，婉言拒绝，不肯接
受，后跟名词或代词。2) The minister declined to comment
about the progress of the peace talks.
decline作动词, 后跟_____________
3) She declined going camping with us
this Saturday.
decline作动词, 偶跟动词-ing形式
4) I invited her to join us, but she declined.
decline作动词, 不跟特别结构动词不定式5) The number of tourists visiting the
scenic spot declined by 10% last year.
decline作动词, 下降
6) I wondered how long it would be before the fever began to decline.
decline作动词, 减弱，衰退7) An increase in cars has resulted in the
decline of public transport.
8) Industry in Britain has been on the /
in decline since the 1970s.
decline作名词，意为“下降，衰退，衰弱”，如句7和句8，构成固定短语： _______________ 在衰退中， 在减少中，如句8。on the / in decline 用decline 及其短语翻译下列句子。
1. 她谢绝了和我们一起吃午饭。
2. 我们谢绝了他让我们搭车的邀请。
3. 最近，她的健康状况越来越糟。She declined?having / to have lunch with us.We declined his offer of a lift.Recently, her health has been declining.
= Recently, her health has been on the / in decline.5. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco.
阅读下列句子，注意take advantage of的
意思及用法。
1) I took advantage of the fine weather
today to play tennis.
take advantage of 意为“利用（机会、
时机等） 2) He took advantage of her lack of business knowledge and cheated her.
利用(某人的处境、弱点等) 有关advantage的短语：
have an advantage of 有……的优势；have / give sb. an advantage over （使某人）在……方面有优势；
to one’s advantage 对某人有利
gain an advantage 取得优势
hold an advantage 占有优势汉译英。
他总是充分利用对手所犯的错误。
2. 与Sophia相比，他有优势，他懂得该国的语言。
3. 出国学习将对你有利。He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his competitors.He has one advantage over Sophia. He knows the language of that country.It will be to your advantage to study abroad.6. The new style soon spread to other parts
of the United States.
这种风格很快就传到了美国的其它地
方。
spread to + n. ……传到了……地方
e.g. That the news spread to his home is
not a good business. spread解释为“传播”的意思时可与其它的介词连用：
spread through / across / from … to
e.g. ① The illness spread through the
whole village.
疾病蔓延了整个村子。
② The fire spread from the factory
the houses nearby.
大火从房子附近的工厂蔓延开来。7. Songs that are spoken rather than sung… (P46)
rather than意为“而不是；与其……不
如……”，它连接的两个部分结构往往
是相同的。
阅读下列句子，注意rather than的意思
及用法。
1) She is a teacher rather than an artist.
rather than后可接______或代词名词2) They were screaming rather than
singing.
rather than后可接非谓语动词，如：动
词-ing形式。
3) He prefers to rent a car rather than (to)
have one of his own.
rather than后可接动词不定式，______
可以省略。to4) I’d prefer to read in the library rather
than at home.
rather than后可接介词短语
5) She left rather than stayed in the office.
rather than后可接实义动词
6) We should know what he meant rather
than what he said.
rather than后可接从句等汉译英。
1. 该负责任的是你，而不是他。
2. 与其说他个是学生，不如说他是个工人。
3. 比起呆在家里，我更愿意出去看电影。You are to blame rather than him. / It is you who are to blame rather than him.He is a worker rather than a student. I prefer to go out to see a film rather than (to) stay at home.根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 这本书共有几章?
How many chapters does the book
______ ___?
2. 厌倦了电脑游戏, 他开始认真学习了。
_____ _____ computer games, he put
his heart into study.consist ofBored with练一练3. 英国工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在
走下坡路。
Industry in Britain has been _____
_______ since the 1970s.
4. 我们充分利用了现代化的教学设施来
学习。
We ____ ___ ________ ___ the
modern teaching facilities to study. indecline take full advantage of5. 两个瓶子并排放在桌子上。
The two bottles stood ___ __ ___
on the table.side by side Write a short passage about hip hop and
show your opinions about it.课件43张PPT。Module 4Module 4
Music Born in AmericaReading practice
Music Born in Hong KongLook at the following pictures and answer the questions.Answer the questions:What do you know about Cantopop?
2. Who are the stars?
3. Do you think they are known outside China?
4. What else do the singers do? Music born in Hong Kong is booming.
Cantopop expresses only harmony and virtue, and Hong Kong is blesses with the most conventional music scene in the world.
Hong Kong stars work hard, and the pace is hot.
Cantopop isn’t just a type of pop music but a musical empire.dRead the passage and choose the sentence which best expresses its main idea.Read the passage and match the
paragraphs with the descriptions. Para 1
Para 2
Para 3
Para 4,5
Pare 6
Para 7A. Morally healthy
B. worth following as an
example
C. widely popular
D. fashionable
E. booming without
potential problems
F. coming out with the
hard-working spirit Decide which of the statements expresses
the writer’s opinion. The writer ____.
a. doesn’t approve of Cantopop
b. is devoted to the stars of Cantopop
c. likes the music but thinks the stars make too many films
d. is very enthusiastic about CantopopdDecide which of the statements expresses the writer’s opinion.1. Cantopop has spread offshore means __.
a. It attracts huge audiences
b. It is known all over the world
c. It is known beyond Hong Kong and the mainland
d. It is known beyond Hong KongdChoose the best answer.2. …the consensus of most people
means ___.
a. most people agree
b. the majority of people
c. most people are not certain
d. most people disagree a3. As a bonus for their fans means ___.
as something different to what the fans would expect from singers
b. as something free for the fans
c. for the fans’ most popular stars
d. as an extra attraction for the fansd4. …swap information means _____.
a. read information
b. keep their information secret
c. share information
d. reveal their information c5. …their fame is their pension means __.
a. they’re getting old
b. their fame will make sure they have enough money for the rest of their lives
c. their fame is worth more than money.
d. their pension are famousb1. Music born in Hong Kong is booming because _____________________ ___________________.
2. Cantopop is different from pop music in most of the world because ______ _____________________________ _____. it is becoming popular throughout the world of the clean and presentable image of the starsComplete the sentences in your own words.3. To please the fans the stars need ____ _____________________________ _______________.
4. Being a cantopop star is far from being a part-time job because ____ _______________________________ ___________________________ ___________. to change their image regularly and make lots of CDs they have to make lots of CDs and films, and do lots of concerts and TV appearances5. Cantopop is more than a type of pop music because ___________ _________. it is a whole
way of life1. From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.
从一个拥有7百万人的地区产生了一些
界上最流行的音乐。
arise vi ? arose ? arisen (问题等)出现，呈现
e.g. A new difficulty has arisen.Language points【拓展】
rise vi.? rose ? risen 升起, 提高, 起床/身
e.g. The warden rose from the table.
raise vt.? raised ? raised 举起……, 提出……
e.g. He raised his hand and waved.【练习】
(1) The sea level has ______ much
recently.
(2) The sun ______ in the east.
(3) I’m wondering if we can ________
enough money for charity.
(4) He will be the first one to leave when
the crisis _______.
(5) As far as I’m concerned, the income of
farmers has not been _______. risenrisesraisearises risen(6) ________ late is not good for your
health.
(7) Hardly had we come home when the
quarrel ______.
(8) Go and _______ the alarm!Rising arose raise 2. Music born in Hong Kong is booming.
boom
1) n.
作名词讲时, 它的一个意思是“生意兴隆”, 指贸易或经济活动的激增, 经济、工商业等的繁荣或城镇的兴起。
e.g. economic boom 经济繁荣 a boom year for trade 贸易兴盛的一年
a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增
a big travel boom 旅游业的大发展 baby boom 生育高峰The IT market is growing, thanks to the Internet boom.
The oil market is enjoying a boom.
另外, boom除了有“兴”还有“隆”的意思, 这里指它有“低沉有回响的声音; 隆隆声”之意。
e.g. the distant boom of the guns
远处隆隆的炮声2) v.
作动词讲时, boom含有“迅速发展; 繁荣昌盛; 暴涨; 激增”以及“发出低沉有回响的声音; 发出隆隆声”之意。
e.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry
was booming.
到20世纪80年代, 计算机行业迅猛发
展。Business is booming! 生意兴隆!
A voice boomed out from the darkness.
黑暗中传来低沉有力的嗓音。3. But Cantopop expresses only harmony and virtue, and Hong Kong is blessed with the most conventional music scene in the world.
但是粤语流行音乐却表现了一种和谐
美, 香港有幸成为世界上最传统的音乐基地。
harmony u.n. 融洽; 和睦; 和谐e.g. There was perfect harmony between the two brothers.
兄弟俩相处得非常融洽。
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture. 海天一色的美景形成了一副美丽的图画。
in harmony 和睦; 和谐
e.g. They have been living together in perfect harmony for many years. 他们已经在一起和睦地生活了很多年。in (out of) harmony with … 与……(不)协调一致; 与……(不) 和睦融洽
e.g. His tastes are in harmony with mine.
他的爱好和我的一样。
It is believed that the house is out of
harmony with the natural
surroundings.
人们认为这所房子和它周围的自然环
境不协调。be blessed with + n
有幸得到……，具有……
e.g. He is blessed with good health.4. But she claims that she isn’t vain.
但是她声明她并不自负。
vain 有两个主要的含义：
1) 意为“徒劳的;枉然的;无结果的”
e.g. She closed her eyes tightly in a vain
attempt to hold back the tears. 她紧闭双眼, 却无法忍住眼泪。
I knocked loudly in the vain hope that
someone might answer. 我很响地敲着门, 希望有人应声, 却是
徒然。 2) 意为“虚荣的;高傲的;自负的”
e.g. Mary is too vain to wear glasses. 玛丽太虚荣, 不肯戴眼镜。
She’s as vain as a peacock. 她像孔雀一样高傲。常用习语:
be vain about / of 为……感到骄傲
e.g. She is vain about / of her beautiful
blue eyes.
她为自己漂亮的蓝眼睛感到骄傲。
in vain 白白地; 毫无结果;白费力气
e.g. He tried to sleep, but in vain.
他努力想要睡着, 但是没有用。
All our efforts were in vain.
我们所有的努力都白费了。5. You can’t budget for looking good, you just need a blank cheque and a fashion consultant.
budget
1) budget sth. for sth. 将(款项)编入预算
e.g. The government has budgeted
100,000 for education spending.
2) budget for sth. 为……存钱, 安排款项, 编预算
e.g. My father budgets for a new car. n. 预算
on a (tight) budget 缺少钱，拮据
e.g. A family on a budget can’t afford
meat every day.
adj. 意为cheap, inexpensive
a budget meal 经济实惠的饭菜6. When the new albums come out, the stars are marketed like consumer products, as teenagers spend their allowance on the latest songs.
当新专辑发行时, 明星就会像消费产品一样, 被推向市场, 青少年会用自己的零花钱买最新的歌曲。
come out 此处当“出版, 发行”讲, 无被动语态。
e.g. The author’s new book will soon come
out.【拓展】该短语还有许多别的意思，均无被动语态：
The whole story came out during the process of trial. (揭露)
Roses will come out late because of the cold weather. (开花)
The rain stopped and the sun came out. (出现)
Photos didn’t come out because there was something wrong with the film. (冲晒)◆ spend money / time on sth花钱（时
间）在某事上
spend money / time in doing sth花钱
（时间）做某事7. It’s far from being a part-time job.
这完全不同于兼职工作。
far from 完全不
far from sth. / doing sth.
e.g. Your words are far from (being)
true/ the truth.
Conditions are far from ideal.
Far from helping the situation,
you’ve just made it worse.8. The fans are devoted to their stars.
歌迷非常喜欢他们的明星。
devote常用作及物动词, 有两层含义:
1) 意为“把……献给”
e.g. He has devoted his whole life to
benefiting mankind.
他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。2) devote oneself to sb./ sth.
致力于, 献身于
e.g. He devoted himself to helping the
poor.
他致力于帮助贫苦人。
She devoted herself to her children.
她将精力都倾注在她的孩子们身上。 According what you have learnt during the class, write a passage to introduce one of the Cantopop singers you like, then share with your classmates tomorrow.HomeworkModule 4 Music Born in America
I. 单元教学目标
技能目标 Skill Goals
▲Talk about the different kinds of American music and modern music
▲Practise comparing the present and the past
▲Master the usage of adverbial clauses of time and ellipses
▲Talk about music in Hong Kong
▲Write a description of study habits
II. 目标语言
功
能
句
式
Comparing the present and the past
Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
When I was your age, we didn’t listen to such loud music.
We didn’t use to play music as loudly as you do these days.
We used to spend much more time in the open air than you do.
词
汇
四会词汇
allowance, arise, bonus, boom, budget, cheque, consensus, consultant, devote, deadline, fancy, friction, harmony, neat, offshore, otherwise, pace, pat-time, pension, quit, refreshing, schedule, soul, spokeswoman, super, swap, technique, tight, vain, virtue, breakthrough, approach, influence, emerge, electronic, exploit, absolutely, despite, energetic, typical, giant
2. 认读词汇
DJ, DVD, VCD, blues, gospel, jazz, harmonica, rhythm, sophisticated, rhythmic,
improvisation, breakdancing, disco, graffiti, hip hop, microphone, percussion, rap, reggae, rock, turntable, vocals, psychology, spin
3. 词组
be blessed with, be bored with, be devoted to, beg for, come out, far from, in order, make an impression on sb, rather than, side by side, take advantage of, try out, consisted of, dance to, experiment with, in decline, be short for, head for, send …to prison
4. 重点词汇
allowance, arise, boom, devote, quit, schedule, emerge, otherwise, vain, approach
结
构
Adverbial clause of time
Ellipses
重
点
句
子
1. It developed in the churches that black people went to. P43
2. Blues is a type of music which started as songs sung by African Americans while they were working. P43
3. The words of early blues songs often consist of a single line repeated two or three times before changing. P43
4. “The moment I heard it,” he said, I knew it was a completely new kind of music. P45
5. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco. P45
6. From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world. P53
III. 教材分析与教材重组
教材分析
本模块以“美国本土音乐”为话题，介绍了美国几种音乐形式的起源及发展情况，其中详细介绍了hip hop这种当今流行的音乐类型。学生也将了解香港的本土音乐以及美国音乐界的几个重要人物。通过本模块的学习，要求学生最终能小组分工合作，组织一个班级音乐会，在娱乐中巩固所学知识和技能。
1.1 INTRODUCTION 以几个有关音乐的问题引入话题，并介绍了四种不同的美国音乐形式，为后面的Reading作了铺垫。www.21-cn-jy.com
1.2 READING AND VOCABULARY通过猜测有关音乐的一些词汇，进行Pre-reading热身活动。Reading部分是一篇说明文，由四部分组成，说明了Hip Hop的起源，它的发展及成功之处。Post-reading部分设计了六种练习，2是课文内容细节判断；练习3，5和6是词汇题，旨在培养学生用英语解释生词的能力；4是回答问题，帮助学生对篇章有深层次的理解；7是开放性练习，鼓励学生用语言表达对音乐的感受及个人见解。
1.3 GRAMMAR由两部分组成：时间状语从句和省略。
1.4 LISTENING是一个听力活动，重在帮助学生掌握几个与音乐有关的动词和动词短语，并为下一步的语法学习作铺垫。
1.5 FUNCTION 在听力活动的基础上，重点练习比较过去和现在的功能句式。
1.6 EVERYDAY ENGLISH 是几个日常用语的意义和用法练习。
1.7 READING AND WRITING通过阅读使学生了解音乐与生活的关系。1中三个开放性
题的设计，旨在培养学生分析问题的能力；2通过回答问题，写一篇个人学习习惯的短文。
1.8 SPEAKING部分要求学生三人一组合作，讨论Jazz和hip hop的起源，提高他们的语言表达能力；通过对图片中的音乐人审视，讨论三个问题，培养学生对人对事物进行比较的能力；3要求学生作更深层次的讨论，能对中外音乐、古今音乐进行对比。
1.9 READING PRACTICE包括阅读和写作两部分。阅读材料是一篇说明文，介绍了
香港本土音乐。1要求学生抓住短文中心思想；2根据课文内容回答四个细节问题；3选出能表达中心思想的句子；4挑出能表达作者态度的陈述；5、6培养学生理解文章深层意思的能力；最后一项培养学生的写作能力。
1.10 CULTURAL CORNER通过介绍三位美国著名音乐人，使学生充分了解到美国人对
世界音乐所作的贡献。阅读后要求学生回答两个问题，并能对人物特点进行对比分析。
1.11 TASK 举办班级音乐会，旨在指导学生如何欣赏不同的音乐，帮助他们提高
音乐素养；让学生在动手动脑活动中，运用所学语言，发展和创造语言。
教材重组
2.1 从话题内容上分析，可将INTRODUCTION与SPEAKING的1和3整合成一节“口
语课”，让学生了解美国本土音乐的来源及发展，帮助学生对不同音乐形式进行对比。
2.2 将LISTENING、FUNCTION和EVERYDAY ENGLISH部分整合为一节“听力课”，
为本模块语法课作铺垫。
2.3将READING AND VOCABULARY设计为“阅读课”，将SPEAKING中的1 和2 设
计为Post-reading, 训练学生的阅读理解能力和技巧。
2.4将GRAMMAR (1)、GRAMMAR (2) 和WORKBOOK中的练习题整合在一起上一节
“语法课”。
2.5 将READING PRACTICE 和WORKBOOK中的Reading整合为一节泛读课，扩大
学生的信息量，并培养阅读应试技巧。
2.6利用READING AND WRITING, WORKBOOK中的Speaking and writing，TASK和【版权所有：21教育】
CULTURAL CORNER上一节以读写为主的综合课，让学生了解音乐在人们生活中所起的作用，并将自己对音乐的感受，个人所喜爱的歌星写成短文，组办班级音乐会。
3. 课型设计与课时分配
1st period Speaking
2nd period Listening
3rd period Reading
4th period Grammar
5th period Extensive reading
6th period Integrating skills
IV. 分课时教案
The First Period Speaking
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
重点词汇和短语
soul music, blues, jazz, gospel music, rhythm, rhythmic, sophisticated, consist of
重点句型
What’s the difference between … and …?
…, and instruments are less important than voices.
Nowadays, the styles are no longer separated according to race.
I prefer … to …
I would rather … than …
2. Ability goals 能力目标
To learn some differences between the four types of American music.
3. Learning abilities goals学能目标
Enable the students to learn how to understand the different types of music by comparing their features. 21·cn·jy·com
Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点
The features of the four types of music.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Matching and comparing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
Projector, slide, four pieces of music featuring gospel, soul music, jazz and blues.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方法
Step I Greetings and lead-in
T: Good morning / afternoon, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Mr / Ms …!
T: As a famous quote goes: Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life. So music is loved and played by a large number of people. It plays an important role in people’s everyday life. Do you love music? What types of music do you know?
S: I love music very much. It is my best friend.
S: I love music too. It makes my life colorful and lively. There are jazz music, pop music, blues, folk music and so on.
…
Step II Introduction
Let the students answer some questions related to music, which will arouse their interest in music and lead to the introduction of the four types of American music.
T: Look at the photos on Page 43 and please tell me what you can see.
S: I can see some singers.
T: Yes, they are all singers or musicians. But are there any differences between them? What does each photo show you?
S: The first one is a choir.
S: The second one is a solo.
S: Maybe the man in the third one is playing jazz.
S: We can see a band in the fourth one.
T: Yes, they are singing in different ways. Can you answer the questions in Activity 1?
Suggested answers:
S1: A choir is an organized group of singers, esp. one that performs in church services, while a band refers to a group of people playing, esp. wind instruments, such as a brass band, a military band, etc.
S2: Jazz musicians usually play saxophone萨克斯管, clarinet单簧管, trumpet小号, trombone长号, violin; piano, violone低音提琴, guitar, banjo, drum, triangle (三角铁), cymbals（钹）, xylophone（木琴）, grand piano, etc.
S3: The music of a soul singer actually is a mixture of blues, gospel and a bottle rock and roll, which can express his or her strong emotion. With the development of soul music, its styles are no longer separated according to race.
The teacher can help the students with some difficult words while they are expressing their idea.
Step III Reading
Enable the students to learn different types of American music through reading and matching.
T: Now, look at Activity 2. We are going to learn four types of American music. Read the passage and match the types of American music with their features. Some types of music have the same features as others.
After the students have finished reading, check the answers by asking four students to read each
paragraph and tell the features of the music described in it.
S1: (Read gospel music) I think the features of Gospel music are: church, sophisticated, southern United States, rhythmic and nineteenth century.
S2: (Read soul music) In my opinion, only rhythmic is the feature of Soul music.
S3: (Read jazz) I’d like to say Jazz has many features and they are: making it up as you play, using unusual rhythms, New Orleans and African American.
S4: (Read blues) I can see the following are the features of Blues: guitar, piano, and harmonica; southern United States, African, American and nineteen century.
T: Great. Please pay attention to this phrase: consist of = be made up of, contain, include
e.g. This club consists of more than 200 members.
Coal consists mostly of carbon.
If possible, the teacher can play some pieces of the four types of music to the students.
T: OK, now let’s relax and enjoy some music. You can sense their features more directly.
Step IV Discussion
Let the students talk about the topics in SPEAKING on Page 52.
T: Now turn to Page 52. Look at Activity 1. Work in groups to discuss what you have learned about the origins of jazz from INTRODUCTION.
S: Jazz was originated from African–American music in New Orleans in the early twentieth century.
T: Then look at Activity 3, discuss the questions about modern music. Then I will ask some of you to answer them.
S: There is a variety of music styles on Chinese radio and TV, such as classic music, pop music, hip hop and so on.21世纪教育网版权所有
S: There is more modern music, such as pop, hip hop and so on.
S: I prefer pop music, which makes me feel excited and energetic and the rhythm is easy to follow.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
S: I would like to listen to classical music, which relaxes my brain and helps me to concentrate.
T: Well done.
Step V Homework
T: Now let’s recall what we have learned during this period. We have learned a passage about
some types of American music. And then we discussed their origins and differences.
Our homework is:
Complete the chart.
Type of music
Place of origin
Time of origin
Description
Gospel music
Soul music
Jazz
Blues
Hip hop
?
?
?
The Second Period Listening
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
turn up, turn down, turn off, turn on, loud, loudly, extract, used to do / be, a bit
b. 功能句式
Bands are so much noisier than they used to be.
When I was your age, we didn’t listen to such loud music. 21cnjy.com
We didn’t use to play music as loudly as you do these days.
We used to spend much more time in the open air than you do.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
To learn some verb phrases related to music and expressions of comparing the present and the past.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how to compare the present and the past with the target language.
Teaching important and difficult points 教学重难点
How to use the functional items in various situations.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Listening, matching and inductive method.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a multiple-media computer.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
T: Good morning, boys and girls! First, let me check your homework. Who’d like to show us the chart you have finished?
Show a student’s homework on the screen and check it with the whole class.
Type of music
Place of origin
Time of origin
Description
Gospel music
US, in the southern
In the 19th century
Strong, rhythmic
Soul music
US, southern to northern states
A mixture of blues, gospel, a little rock, roll
Jazz
African-American musicians in New Orleans
In the early 20th century
Improvisation, syncopation
Blues
African Americans in the southern US
In the late 19th and early 20th century
A single line repeated using guitar, piano, harmonica
Hip hop
?
?
?
T: Great. You are not able to find the information about hip hop from the passage, right? It doesn’t matter. We will learn about this type of music later. I think it is now very popular among young people. After you learn the part of READING AND VOCABULARY, you will be able to finish the chart. So keep this chart.
StepⅡ Pre-listening
Deal with Activity 1 on Page 49. Get the students prepared for listening.
T: Now we are going to listen to a conversation. Before we start the listening part, let’s look at Activity 1 on Page 49. Can you match the instructions on the left with the meanings on the right?
S1: Let me try, please. “turn the music up” should go with “make it louder”.
S2: I think “turn the music down” ought to match “make the music quieter”.
S3: I guess “turn the music on” means “start playing the music”.
S4: In my opinion “turn the music off” has the same meaning as “stop playing the music”.
T: Wonderful job. Please remember the four verb phrases about music.
Write the following on the Bb. Then ask some students to make sentences with them.
turn the music up → turn the music down
turn the music on → turn the music off
Step Ⅲ While-Listening
T: Now please turn to Page 49, let’s do some listening. Listen to the tape for the first time and choose the correct answers. So first read the questions and choices and get familiar with them.
Give the students a little time to read the choices and then play the tape. After they have finished it, check the answers.
T: Listen to the tape for the second time and then finish Activity 3 on Page 49 in pairs. Read this extract from the conversation and underline the stressed words.
While the students are listening to the tape, the teacher can write down some difficult words and phrases on the blackboard: instead of = in place of, I bet … = I am certain …
The students practise in pairs.
T: Ok. Let’s underline the stressed words together. … From this extract from the conversation, you are sure to find in spoken English many sentences are not complete ones, such as “Not true”, the complete sentences of which are “That / It is not true”. This is called ellipses in grammar. We will talk about it later.
Then play the tape again and let the students pay attention to the stressed words.
Then deal with Listening on Page 111.
StepⅤ Function
T: Now, boys and girls, please think about what sentence structures have been used in the conversation.
S: I find that many comparisons are used.
T: Right. Please turn to Page 51, look at Activity 1. Read these opinions from Listening on Page 49 and answer the questions.
Qs: 1. Who is speaking?
2. Which words and expressions tell you that she is making comparisons?
3. Which words tell you that she is talking about things that happened regularly in the past?
Ask the students to discuss for a while. Then check the answers.
S: A mother.
S: She uses these words and expressions to make comparison: so much … than, as … as, much
more …than, such …
Write these functional item on the Bb:
so much … than
such …
as … as
much more … than
S: She is talking about the past things by using “used to”, “didn’t listen to”, “didn’t use to” and
“didn’t play”.
T: Look at the functional items on the Bb, we use them to compare the present and the past. Read the opinions again and study how they are used by the mother to compare music in the past and that in the present. Then we will do some practice with them.
Then deal with Activity 3.
T: Well, now let’s complete these sentences in Activity 3, making similar comparisons between the present and the past. Use the words in brackets.
After the students have finished it, check the answers.
S1: Modern pop stars earn much more money than they used to. (earn money)
S2: Old rock bands worked harder than the modern ones do. (work hard)
S2: These days, bands sing and play instruments much louder than before. (sing and play instruments)
S4: These days, music fans spend much more money on their favorite stars than the previous fans did. (spend money)
S5: In the old days, people had fewer opportunities to listen to their favorite singers than today.
(opportunities to listen)
Step VI Homework
Choose the correct meanings of the everyday English on Page 51 and do some practice.
Check the opinions that your parents have about the music you listen to. (Page 51, Activity 2)
Preview the first part of the reading passage on Page 44.
The Third Period Reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
dance to, aspect, breakthrough, side by side, while, experiment with, approach, the first time, the moment, be bored with, in decline, take advantage of, provide … for …, add, influence, apart from
b. 重点句子
The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people
preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to.
DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences
didn’t really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including rock and
disco music.
MC Dark remembered the first time he heard a rap singer.
“The moment I heard it,” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the tracking tracks (the 　　21*cnjy*com
music without the singing) in the studio and rappers added their vocals later.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to learn about the origin, development and success of hip hop.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to summarize the main idea of each part to have a general idea of the whole passage.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Enable the students to have a general idea of what hip hop is.
Teaching difficult points 教学难点
How to describe hip hop with the students’ own words.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Scanning, skimming and discussing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A tape recorder and a projector.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
T: Good morning/afternoon, Class.
Ss: Good morning/afternoon, teacher.
T: Have you all finished your homework? Let’s check the answers to the EVERYDAY ENGLISH exercises first. Ready?
After checking the students’ homework. Then ask the students to report their parents’ opinions on the music they listen to. This activity will enable the students to practice comparing the present and the past. So they are supposed to use the words and expressions that show comparison.
T: By the way, I think most of you like music, right?
Ss: Absolutely.
T: Who is the most popular male singer in the filed of Chinese songs? … Do you like Jay (Zhou Jielun)?
Ss: Yeah. (enthusiastically)
T: Why do you like him?
S1: His songs are fashionable.
S2: His dancing is pretty cool.
S3: The rhythms of his songs are easy to follow.
T: It seems Jay’s music is quite popular among young people. What’s the type of music? … Some of his songs belong to a very trendy music style, hip hop. I think you should have heard about it a lot. Today let’s have a thorough look at hip hop.
Write the title on the Bb: All You Need to Know About Hip Hop
Step II Lead-in
T: So far you have known some types of American music: Gospel music, Soul music, Jazz and Blues. Now we are going to learn about another type: Hip Hop. Before we start, I’d like you to guess the meanings of these words. 21*cnjy*com
Show the following words to the students.
breakdancing disco DJ graffiti hip hop improvisation microphone
percussion pop rap record reggae rock soul turntable vocals
S1: I’d like to have a try. The word “percussion” means “the striking together of two (usu. hard) objects; shock produced by this”.
S2: I have got the meaning of “record”. It means “disc, magnetic tape, film, etc. on which sound has been registered”.
S3: To tell you the truth, Mr/Ms, it is not easy for me to get all their meanings in English.
T: I think so. They are terms related to music. And I will give you some help. Please look at the slides.
Show the following slides.
Breakdancing — an aspect of hip hop played on the street
Disco — music with a strong beat and easy to dance to
DJ — master of pop music programme
Graffiti — irregular paintings on walls
Hip hop — a type of pop music with words spoken along the beat
Improvisation — composing music while playing;
Microphone — instrument for changing sound waves into electrical waves, as in telephones, radio, etc.
Percussion — the striking together of two (usu. hard) objects; shock produced by this
Pop — popular music
Rap — speak the words of a song along with a beat
Record — disc, magnetic tape, film, etc. on which sound has been registered
Reggae — pop music with a strong beat coming from the Islands in the Caribbean
Rock — rock and roll, a type of pop music in simple style
Soul — music, a mixture of blues, gospel, and a little rock and roll.
Turntable — a circular revolving platform
Vocals — of, for, with or using the voice
After check the meanings of these words, the students won’t have any difficulty understanding the text.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Step Ⅲ Reading
Let the students read the passage and do some comprehending exercises. First let them find the main idea of each part.
T: The passage is divided into four parts. Do skimming and tell what each part is mainly about.
After skimming, ask four students to tell the main idea of each part.
Suggested main idea for each part:
Part 1: Hip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx.
Part 2: MCs, another style of music known as rap was born.
Part 3: There are two main reasons for the success of hip hop.
Part 4: How did rap singers record their songs?
Then deal with Activity 2.
T: Now scan the passage and check the true statements in Activity 2.
After the students have finished it, check the answers. For the false ones, the teacher can ask the
students to correct them.
Then let the students discuss some questions based on the passage.
T: Now read the text carefully and discuss the questions on the screen. Pair work or group work.
Show the following questions on the screen.
Questions:
1. Why did DJ Herc stop playing reggae music?
2. How did the DJs make the percussion breaks in the songs longer?
3. What were DJs who shouted during the songs called?
4. How long were the performances of the shouting DJs?
5. Apart from the DJs, what else happened at block parties?
6. What was the big through?
7. What did they experiment with later?
8. What kind of rhyming words did MCs use?
9. How did MC Dark star feel the first time he heard a rap singer?
After discussion, check the answers.
T: OK, are you ready? One student, one question. Volunteers!
Suggested answers:
1. Because he noticed that New York audiences didn’t really like reggae music.
2. They made the percussion breaks longer by using two records on two turntables side by side.
3. They were called MCs.
4. They often performed for hours.
5. People started breakdancing at block parties.
6. The style of music known as rap was born.
7. They experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches.
8. They used rhyming words from African- American culture?
9. He felt it was a completely new kind of music.
T: Well done! This time, read through the whole passage and summarize the main idea of the text. We have known the main idea of each part. Try to join them together to get the general idea of the whole passage.
A sample main idea:
By introducing to us its origin, the significant breakthrough, the reasons why it was successful and ways it was recorded, the writer creates a vivid picture of the development of hip hop before us. From that, we can get a general knowledge of this trendy and prosperous music style — hip hop.
T: What are writing characteristics of this text?
S: He used four special questions: What …, What …, Why … and How … to begin each paragraph.
T: Any advantages in this way?
S: This kind of writing style is more persuasive and the readers will have a clear idea of what the text is about.
Step Ⅲ Language points
T: Now I will play the tape of the text to you and you listen carefully. Pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation. And underline the difficult sentences.
The students are listening to the tape. After that, the teacher will explain the text and deal with some language problems.21教育网
T: We have learned the main idea of the text. Now look at here, and I’ll explain some difficult language focuses in detail.
Show the screen.
1. be bored with — be tired of, be fed up with, lose interest in
e.g. Nowadays, students are bored with piles of homework after school.
2. be in decline — gradual and continuous loss of strength, power, numbers, etc; become less prosperous
e.g. The company is in decline because of falling demand.
3. take advantage of — make use of, make the best of, make the most of
e.g. They took full advantage of the hotel’s facilities.【出处：21教育名师】
T: I’ll play the tape for you again and read after it. Try to follow the tape. And then read the text aloud.
The teacher goes among the students, and helps them in case they have trouble in reading the text.
Step Ⅳ Post-reading and practice
In this step, the students will do some activities related to words and phrases. These activities will help the students learn the exact meanings of some key words and their use in sentences.
T: Please turn to Page 46. Let’s do Activity 3. Please read Part 1 of the passage again and find words which have these meanings.
After the students have finished it, check the answers.
T: Now, let’s look at Activity 5. Read Parts 3 and 4 of the passage again. Look at the words and phrases and choose the correct meanings.
Check the answers after the students have finished it. The teacher can ask the students to make sentences with these words and phrases.
T: Then let’s complete the sentences with the correct words in Activity 6.
Check the answers.
StepⅤ Discussion
T: Today we have learned something about hip hop. Now work in groups. Discuss the following:
1. the origins of hip hop (1, Page 52)
2. Look at the photos of musicians on Page 44-45. Discuss the following questions. (2, Page 52)
1) In which way are singers and musicians today different from the ones in the past?
2) Do modern musicians play the same kinds of instruments as musicians in the past?
3) What type of music would you like?
T: Who would like to give the answers?
S1: Let me try. From Part one of Reading, we know that hip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx.
T: So I think you are now able to complete the chart I gave you during the first period. Remember? Show the chart again.
Type of music
Place of origin
Time of origin
Description
Gospel music
Soul music
Jazz
Blues
Hip hop
The Bronx district, New York
1970s
Four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance, graffiti art, DJ-ing and rapping.
Suggested answers to the questions:
1. On some hands singers and musicians are different from those in the past. They dress more bravely and strangely. They play louder music than before. Besides, their dancing is less conventional, but more free and exciting. And some hip hop singers can even improvise songs, which was never the case in the past.
2. No, not the same as before. Modern musicians play more electronic instruments and play music on computers.
3. I’d like to know more about classical music, for example its origin and development and so on.
T: I suggest you surfing the net in your spare time for more information about it.
Step VI Homework
1. Remember the key words, phrases and sentences in this part.
2. Turn to Page 47, Activity 7. Read the following comments about hip hop music and answer the questions. Then make up a dialogue.

The Fourth Period Grammar
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
Adverbial clauses of time and ellipses
2. Ability goals 能力目标
The students should know well the patterns and rules of adverbial clause of time and ellipses and how to use them correctly.2-1-c-n-j-y
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
The students must know well the patterns of adverbial clause of time and ellipses, and take an active part in learning the structure and realize the importance of using ellipses in communication.
Teaching important points 教学重点
The structures and usages of adverbial clause of time and ellipses.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
How to use adverbial clauses of time and ellipses in right situations.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Explaining and practicing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
Tape recorder, a projector and some slides.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Greetings and revision
T: Good morning / afternoon, class.
Ss: Good morning / afternoon, teacher.
T: Any volunteer to tell me something about hip hop?
Ss: Hip hop started in the 1970s at black parties in New York. In all there’re four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance, graffiti art, Dj-ing and rapping. In the late 1980s hip hop spread across the world. Today even a new music form appears in England, called trip hop, a mixture of Jazz, hip hop and electronic music.
T: Wonderful job! Then I will check your homework. Please answer the four questions first.
S1: Before I read the article on Page 44 and 45, I knew nothing about hip hop.
S2: Sure. Jay Zhou is my favorite rap artist.
S3: Yes, occasionally I see a rap artist on TV and I feel it is boring. The other day I saw a breakdancer in the street, who was playing standing on his head and spinning. I think it is interesting to watch, but dangerous meanwhile.
S4: I do agree with most of the comments. They tell the good and the bad aspects of hip hop.
Then check the dialogues the students have made. Pick one or two groups to act out their dialogue
before the class.
Sample dialogue:
S1: Well, what did you know about hip-hop before reading the text?
S2: Er …, originally I only thought it was something like rapping.
S3: In my opinion, it’s something to do with streetdancing or breakdancing. It’s very exciting and cool.
S4: As to me, hip-hop is nothing but noise. It sounds terrible. And breakdancing is dangerous, I think.
S1: Oh, no! I can’t agree with you! I’m very fond of hip-hop. My love for it started from last year’s Christmas party in our school. At the party, I, together with several of my classmates performed rapping and breakdancing. We were all excited. Because we could make up our own words on the spot and dance freely.
S3: Yeah, I can’t agree with you more! By the way, who’s your favorite rap artist?
S1 and S3 (together): Jay (Zhou Jielun). (laughing)
Step II Grammar (Adverbial clauses of time)
T: The other day, I was walking on the street when I came across one of my good friends. We hadn’t seen each other since we left each other ten years ago. So, the moment I saw him, I cried out in surprise. That’s to say, as soon as I saw him, I cried out in surprise. Look at here.
Write the two sentences on the Bb.
The moment I saw him, I cried out in surprise.
As soon as I saw him, I cried out in surprise.
Then help the students to summarize the adverbial clause of time.
The moment / minute / second / … + subject + v +…, subject + v + …
Immediately + subject. + v + …, subject + v + …
As soon as + subject + v + …, subject + v + …
“Hardly … when” clause
“No sooner … than” clause
Step III Practice
T: Now please turn to Page 47. Look at Activity 1. Read this sentence from the passage on Page 45. Choose the best explanation.www-2-1-cnjy-com
S1: The key is (C). As soon as I heard it …
T: Now look at Activity 2. Complete the sentences in your own words and write sentences for the last two using the moment.21教育名师原创作品
Sample answers:
1. The moment I saw Coco Li, I jumped with joy.
2. The moment Faye Wong walked onto the stage, the audience burst out cheering.
3. The moment I saw Andy Lau, I couldn’t help crying out.
4. On seeing his mum, my little nephew ran over, jumping and laughing.
5. The moment the class began, all the students, sat on their separate seats, waiting for the teacher
quietly.
T: Good. You have good imagination. Let’s go on to next page, Page 48. Look at the sentences and think about the meaning of the time expressions.
For this activity, the teacher can ask the students to explain the meaning in their own words. Then deal with the passage below.
T: Now complete the passage “The Song That Touched My Heart” with the correct time expressions on Page 48.
After the students have finished it, check the answers. Then ask the students to read the passage
carefully again.
T: What does this short passage tell us?
Ss: The writer’s personal experiences of coming across nice music.
T: Yes, by telling the his or her personal experiences, the writer wants to tell us good music may change a person’s attitudes towards life and improve his or her taste. Besides, good music can touch a person’s heart, as well as eliminate the generation gap or misunderstanding among people.
Step IV Summary
T: Just now we learned adverbial clause of time. Let’s make a summary.
Then teacher makes a summary as follows and write them on the Bb or show them on the screen.
The first / last / next time + subject + v + …, subject + v + …
By the time + subject + v + …, subject + v (perfect tense) + …
It is the first time + subject + have / has done + …
It was the first time + subject + had done + …
T: Now let’s do more practice with it. Turn to Page 109. Let’s complete the passage with the correct phrases from the box as soon as possible.
Check the answers.
T: Then look at Activity 2, write sentences that true for you.
S1: The first time I went to school, I was very shy and timid and afraid to speak in class.
S2: The moment I met my best friend, I jumped with joy.
S3: The last time I went on holiday, it was in Hainan in 2002.
S4: The next time I go shopping, I had better not buy so many useless and unnecessary things.
Step ⅤGrammar (Ellipses)
T: Now listen to the conversation in listening part again. Pick out the sentences that are not complete such as “Not true”, “We didn’t” and so on.
Play the tape again and give the students time to write down the sentences.
The sentences are:
Not true.
Really?
We didn’t.
All right, we did.
I bet you did!
T: If you leave out some words in a sentence, it is called “Ellipse”. Who can give me more examples of that?
S1: “Out!” means “Go out”.
S2: “A fine day!” means “It is a fine day.”
S3: “Really” means “Is it really true?”
T: Well done. When we don’t want to repeat the same exact words about, we use ellipses, esp. in oral English. Now let’s do some exercises about it. Turn to Page 50, Activity 1. Please add the words which have been left out and rewrite the sentences.
After the students have finished, check the answers.
T: Let’s move on to Activity 2. Read the conversation. Put brackets around the words that can be left out. The first example is done for you.
Check the answers. Then let the students work in pairs and practice reading the new conversation.
The new conversation would be: (A=Angela; L=Lizzie)
A: What is your favorite kind of music?
L: Jazz.
A: Really?
L: Yes.
A: Have you got a favorite jazz musician?
L: Ever heard of Louis Armstrong?
A: Mmm … he played the trumpet, didn’t he?
L: Yes, he did. He was a good singer, too.
A: Got many if his CDs?
L: Only two.
A: Can I borrow one?
L: Yes, of course.
Then deal with Activity 3-4 on Page 110. Check the answers.
Step VI Homework
1. Finish Activity 3 on Page 50.
2. More exercises: (slides)
a. The sentences are correct. Decide with your partner which words have been let out.
Beg your pardon.
Haven’t seen you for ages.
Sorry to hear that.
This way, please.
Found the treasure.
b. Translation (Using ellipses)
如果你愿意来我的办公室，尽管来好了。
你帮助我比我帮助你的多得多。
这种鱼你想捕多少就捕多少。
你瞧瞧那脏水，它太难闻了！
A：谁要冷饮？
B：请给我一瓶橙汁和一瓶矿泉水。
The Fifth Period Extensive reading
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
arise, as well as, boom, sign, be blessed with, budget for…, claim, vain, bonus , keep to, pace, meet the deadline, abandon, come out, far from, be devoted to, beg for, quit pension, refreshing; release, be short for, make an impression on, exploit, optimistic
b. 重点句子
From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the
world. (Inverted sentence)
…, and their movie DVDs and VCDs sell world wide. When we emphasize the features of sth,
we don’t use passive voice.
When new albums come out, the stars are marked like consumer products, as teenagers spend
their allowance on the latest songs.
Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1901, he began playing music at the age of 13 and a pioneer
of the improvised jazz Solo.
My message is that it doesn’t matter (whether/if you’re black, white, fat, thin, old and young).
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to learn about music born in Hong Kong and soul musician James Brown.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
By skimming and scanning, the students will get a good understanding of Hong Kong music and soul musician James Brown.
Teaching important points 教学重点
Choose the sentence which best expresses the passage’s main idea.
Teaching difficult points教学难点
Understand the writer’s opinion on the topic of Hong Kong music.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Skimming, scanning and guessing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A recorder, a projector and some slides.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Greetings and revision
T: Before we begin a new lesson, I’m going to check your homework first. Take out your exercise –books.
Check the students’ homework.
Suggested answers to Exercise 2:
a. (1) (I) Beg your pardon.
(2) (I) Haven’t seen you for ages.
(3) (I’m) Sorry to hear that.
(4) (Come) this way, please.
(5) (I’ve) found the treasure.
b. (1) If you would like to come to my office, just come.
(2) You helped me much more than I did for you.
(3) You can catch as many fish as you want.
(4) Look at the waste water, so foul!
(5) A: Who want some cold drinks?
B: I’d like a bottle of orange juice and a bottle of mineral water.
T: Great. I’ll show you more exercises about ellipses for you to make a consolidation.
Show the following on the slide.
Some of the words in the following sentences are unnecessary. Cross these words out.
Although she knows how to dive, she does not want to (dive).
She could not decide whether to go on a voyage or not to (go on a voyage).
We tested the depth of the water and the temperature (of the water).
She can hold her breath longer than I (can hold my breath).
Broad boats are difficult to take into the port, but narrow boats are not (difficult to take into the port).
We took soft drinks to thee beach and our friends took beer (to the beach).
We divided down to the bottom of the sea and we found some coins (in the sand) and we brought them up to the surface.
Some sailors can swim two kilometers and others (can only swim) forty meters.
Lifting a heavy load can be dangerous and often is (dangerous).
I have never swum and I do not intend to (swim).
Summary:
省略原则：为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略，被省略的部分常是主语，谓语或谓语的一部分，宾语；不定式to 后省略动词。
Then move on to the reading passage on Page 53.
T: Now turn to Page 53, look at the title and guess what the passage will be about.
S1: Maybe it talks about the origin of music in HK.
S2: In my opinion, I think it’s about the features and development of music in HK. (Collect different views about it.)
Step II Fast-reading
Play a Cantonese song for the students. Lead the students to the topic of Hong Kong music.
T: What language is used in the song?
Ss: In Cantonese.
Write “Cantonese” on the Bb.
T: Yes. As we know, most people in Hong Kong speak a different language from any other part of the mainland. Cantonese songs are very popular not only in Hong Kong, but also all over the world. Today, we will learn music born in Hong Kong. First look at this word (write “Cantopop” on the Bb), what is it supposed to mean? Can you guess it?
S: I guess it is made up two words, Cantonese and pop. So it means pop music in Cantonese.
T: Excellent explanation. So what do you know about Cantopop?
S1: I’ll try. Cantopop is a kind of pop music sung in Cantonese. It’s most popular in Guangdong, Hong Kong and some southern or southwestern parts of China.
T: Who are the stars then? Can you name some?
S2: Kelly Chen, Jackie Cheung, Faye Wong, Andy Lou, Leon Lan.
T: Do you think they are known outside China?
S3: I don’t think so, for people outside China can’t understand the lyrics.
T: But a few of them are well-known outside China. So what else do the singers do?
S4: They also cut in movies, make advertisements, participate in charity activities, and so on.
T: Well done. Now skim the whole passage and check out your answers.
After the students finish reading.
T: Look at Activity 3 above the passage. Choose the sentence best expresses its main idea. Then turn to the next page, and decide which of the statements in Activity 4 expresses the writer’s opinion.
These two activities check whether the students are able to summarize the whole passage.
Step III Comprehension and language points
Deal with some comprehending exercises. These exercises will check the students’ understanding
of some details.
T: Now read the passage again. Read it carefully and finish activities 5 and 6 individually.
After the students have finished it, check the answers.
Suggested answers to Activity 6:
1. Music born in Hong Kong is booming because it has spread offshore, not only in Hong Kong.
2. Canto pop is different from pop music in most of the world because it only expresses harmony
and virtue.
3. To please the fans the stars need to wok hard and act in movies besides recording CDs.
4. Being a Canto pop star if far from being a part-time job because they must work hard, and the
pace is hot.
5. Canto pop is more than just a type of pop music because it’s loved and shared by millions of
fans all over the world. It’s a musical empire.
Then explain some difficult language points.
T: Now look at the screen. I’ll explain some important language points in the passage so that you can use them freely. Please listen to me carefully.
Notes to the text:
1. From a region of seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.
(1) This is an inverted sentence. The normal structure should be “Some of the greatest pop music has arisen … world”
(2) arise vi. — become evident, appear. (arose/arisen)
e.g. A new problem arose at the meeting.
Use the money when the need arises.
2. as well as — in addition to
e.g. He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
He, as well as other singers, acts in movies.
3. be blessed with — be fortunate in having
e.g. I’m not greatly blessed with worldly goods.
May you always be blessed with good health.
5. far from (sth/doing sth) — not at all sth; almost the opposite of sth
e.g. The problem is far from (being) easy. (ie is in fact very difficult)
Your account is far from being true./ is far from the truth.
6. be devoted to sb/sth — very loving or loyal
e.g. She is devoted to her children.
devote oneself /sth to sb/sth/doing sth — give (one’s time, energy, etc) to sb/sth; dedicate
e.g. The old teacher devoted all his life to education.
7. keep to sth — follow or observe (a plan, schedule, etc)
e.g. Things will only work our if we all keep to the plan.
The other phrases : keep to the point/subject不要离题 keep to an agreement信守承诺
keep up保持 keep off … 不接近/接触 keep … out 使……不进入；阻挡
T: Do you have anything else you don’t understand? If you have, please tell me. I’ll be glad to have a discussion with you.
Answers any questions asked by the students.
Step IV Reading (Workbook)
Deal with the reading passage in the Workbook.
T: Turn to Page 112. In limited time, you are required to read the passage by yourselves and finish off Activity 11-13. First read the passage and number the paragraphs in the correct order.
Check the answers.
T: Good. In this way, you are able to develop your ability of grasping the main idea of a passage
no matter what a mess it is. Now look at Activity12. Find the phrases from the passage and
decide what they mean?
S1: “The father of soul” means he is the man who started soul music.
S2: “The hardest working man in the music business” means he was every busy and worked extremely hard. He performed 350 nights of the year, and even at the age of 70, he was still performing and recording as usual.
S3: “The American dream” refers to living a very successful and rich life.
T: You have got to the point. Now read the passage again and answer the questions in Activity 13.
After the students have finished reading, check the answers.
T: How was James Brown’s childhood typical for a black American in the 1930s?
S1: His family was poor and he started to work at an early age to support himself and his family. And he was put into prison for stealing. All this is considered typical of for a black American in the 1930s, when black people suffered from the Great Depression and were treated badly by white people, especially the police.
T: Why was Bobby Byrd an important part of his life?
S2: Because Bobby Byrd was a singer, who helped him to get out of prison and influenced him a great deal in music.
T: Why was it difficult to get tickets for James Brown’s concerts?
S3: Because they were very popular.
T: How did James Brown live the American dream?
S4: He became rich and successful and could afford to buy a restaurant, and aeroplane and fast cars.
T: Did money make him happy in his personal life? Why? / Why not?
S5: No. He was often in trouble with the police and was sent to prison again in 1988. He married four times, and lost his son in a car accident.
T: Did he retire from performing and recording?
S6: No. Even at the age of 70, he was still performing and recording as usual.
Step V Discussion
T: Boys and girls, James Brown’s story must leave you thinking. Let’s discuss the questions on the screen.
Qs: Can music help people to feel happy?
Can music help people with their problems?
What sort of music do you listen to when you feel sad?
Ask the students to do pair work or group work and make conversations.
Sample conversation:
S1: Can music help people to feel happy?
S2: Yes, of course. Good music can make people feel relaxed and calm down especially when they are in low spirits.
S1: Can music help people with their problems?
S2: Sometimes music can help people tackle their problems in life. For example, by listening to suitable music, people can be encouraged and cheered up. Then they can face and deal with their problems in a sensible way.
S1: What sort of music do you listen to when you feel sad?
S2: When I’m sad, I always turn to classical music, which can make me calm down. And sometimes I may turn to joyful and inspiring pop music, which can effectively remove my unhappiness and face the reality optimistically.
T: Good points. I hope music can be your friend and help you wash away from your soul the dust of everyday.
Step VI Homework
1. P54, Activity 7. Think about your favorite pop stars and tell the reason why you like them and their music and whether they are well known outside China. Write a passage to describe your favorite pop stars.
2. Finish Activity 5-6 on Page 110-111.
The Sixth Period Integrating skills
Teaching goals 教学目标
1. Target language 目标语言
a. 重点词汇和短语
get down to, grow up, concentrate, temporarily, get sth. done, in order, try out, be short for, make an impression on, name … after, exploit, optimistic
b. 重点句子
Joni Mitchell is the kind of singer that many other musicians admire and have been influenced by.
No way!
Born in New Orleans, he began playing music at the age of 13 and ...
Even so, he managed to record 29 songs.
As he grew older, his songs became more humorous and optimistic.
2. Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to read and write about a great singer or musician;
Enable the students to learn about the three great artists in American history.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how to write about a great musician for a music magazine and how to organize a class concert.
Teaching important points 教学重点与难点
Understand how the three American artists have changed the world of music with their music.
Teaching methods 教学方法
Comparing and guided-writing.
Teaching aids 教具准备
A multi-media computer, some slides and CDs or tapes of the three American artists.
Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式
Step I Revision
Check the homework.
T: Morning, boys and girls! I’d like to see how you have prepared your homework. First please turn to Page 110-111.
Check the answers with the whole class. Then collect their writings of favorite pop stars.
Sample passage:
Michael Jackson is one of America’s most successful singers. He’s also well-known for his dancing.
He started singing in 1965. He made his first record in 1970. Nobody knows how many records he has sold all over the world. One of his records sold seventeen and a half million copies.
Michael was born in 1959. He has four brothers. The five of them used to sing in a group called “The Jackson Five”. They started singing in public in 1965. In 1970 the group made their first record; it was called “I want you back”. It was very successful. In America it was Number 1 and in Britain it was Number 2. They had three more hits in the same year.
In 1978 Michael acted in his first film. The first record which he made on his own sold eight million copies in the world. This was the beginning of his success.
Michael doesn’t go out much. He is too well-known. He lives in a large house and keeps lots of animals. He never eats meat.
Step II Speaking and writing (Workbook)
T: Just now while you were filling the correct words in the passage “What’s On Tonight”, I think you once again went through some words of music such as hip hop, classic, graffiti, breakdance, gospel, blues, etc. Today we will read an article about “a giant of modern music” first. Look at Activity 14 on Page 114. Work in pairs, discuss the topics given and ask and answer questions about them.
A few minutes later.
T: Are you ready? (Show slides)
● the type of music Joni Mitchell plays ● where she grew up
● the start of her career ● what her songs are about
● what else she is famous for ● the popularity of her music
Sample conversation:
S1: What type of music does Joni Mitchell play?
S2: She plays jazz, folk and pop music.
S3: Where did she grow up?
S4: She grew up in the state of Saskatchewan in Canada.
S5: When did she start her career and what did she do at that time?
S6: In the 1960s, she started playing folk music in coffee houses in New York and soon started
writing and recording her own music.
S7: What are her songs about?
S8: Her songs are very poetic and describe her observations about people and places, love and
friendship.
S9: What else is she famous for besides music?
S10: She is also famous for her talent in art, painting for instance.
S11: How popular is she and her music?
S12: She is a songwriter and singer, a giant of modern music. Many other musicians admire her and have been greatly influenced by her and her style of music.
T: Wonderful. Let’s do fast-reading. Please read the article quickly, and try to describe Joni Michell in your own words.
Ss: She is a songwriter and singer, a giant of modern music. She is also a talented artist.
T: Now work in pairs and discuss these questions in Activity 15. Make notes about your answers.
Suggested answers:
1. In my opinion, singers like Celion Dion, Maria Carey, Andy Lau, Jacky Zhou, Caiqin, Song Zu-ying, Liuhuan, Sun Nan and so on are giants of modern music.
2. They are important to us. For one thing, their music can enrich people’s life and make people enjoy their life to the fullest. Sometimes their songs can inspire people to strive and overcome difficulties in life. For another, music is the bridge between people from different culture backgrounds, which doubtlessly can deepen people’ mutual understanding and thus build up a more peaceful and harmonious world.
3. They can make great contributions to the history of music. Firstly, they stand for different styles of music and their creative work greatly enriches people’s cultural and recreational life. Secondly, these musicians have inherited and developed the merits of traditional music as well as laid solid foundations and set good examples to the further development of music in the long run.
4. They come from different parts of the world. For example, Maria Carey comes from America, Andy Lau, Hong Kong, Liuhuan, the mainland of China, just name a few.
5. They can play classical, jazz, hip hop, pop music and so on.
6. For example, I like Caiqin’s music because her songs sound like the sound from heaven, which is very melodious. Liuhuan’s music can encourage me and light up my life when I’m feeling down/low.
7. They all have their own fans. Different styles of music can attract different groups of fans at different levels. For instance, Jacky Zhou’s fans are mainly teenagers because his music is quite fashionable, while Song Zu-ying’s fans are mainly adults, because her songs are traditional folk music.
T: All right. We’ve got the method of writing about a famous person. The outline is: (write the following on the Bb)
Introduction → life in childhood and youthhood → achievements → conclusion
This method will help the students finish Activity 16 as homework.
Step III Reading and writing
T: So far we have learnt much about different types of music. What kind of music do you like? When do you usually listen to music?
S1: I like pop music. When I feel happy and relaxed, I listen to music.
S2: I prefer classical music. When I am tired and sad, I would like to turn on my MP3 player.
T: Ok. Does anybody here listen to music while studying or doing your homework?
S3: Yes, I do.
T: Do you think listening to music helps you study? Why?
S3: Yes, I think so. …
T: Now we will read a passage on this topic. Turn to Page 52, READING AND WRITING. Read the passage and answer the questions below it.
After reading, check the answers.
T: Have you finished reading? Who would like to answer the questions?
S1: As for me, classical music is the best type of music to listen to while I’m studying because it’s
melodious and can make me relaxed.
S2: I think it can help the students relax and concentrate.
S3: Well, it depends. Different students have different study habits. Some like to study, listening to
music, which can help them concentrate, while others prefer a very quiet environment where
there’s not any sound including music, because they think music can disturb their normal
thoughts.
T: Well done. After class, you are required to write a description of your study habits. You may use
The questions in Activity 2 to help you.
Step IV Cultural corner
In this step, the students will read about some great American artists who have influenced the
world of music.
T: Now let’s turn Page 55. Look at the pictures. Who are they? Do you know anything about
them? … They are American artists who have influenced the world of music. Read the passage
and find out what kind of music was each artist famous for and try to complete the chart on the
screen.
Show the chart.
Name
Feature
Title
Louis Armstrong
A jazz singer
A pioneer of the improvised jazz solo.
Robert Johnson
A blues singer
The father of rock and roll
Woody Guthrie
A folk singer
A pioneer of protest music
If possible, the teacher can find their CDs or tapes and play some pieces of music to the students.
T: Besides the three artists, some other musicians are mentioned in the passage, who are they? And what else do you know about them?
Ss: They are Eric Clapton, the Rolling stones and Bob Dylan.
First ask the students to tell what have known about them. Then show them some information on the screen.
Eric Clapton:
Eric Clapton was born in southern England in March 1945. Eric was raised in a musical household. His grandmother played piano and his uncle both enjoyed listening to the sounds of the big bands. His music features Guitar style and blues.
The Rolling stones:
The Rolling Stones are a British rock and roll band who rose to prominence during the mid-1960s. The band was named after a song by Muddy Waters, a leading exponent of hard-rocking blues. In their music, The Rolling Stones were the embodiment of the idea of importing blues style into popular music. The band came into being in 1961 when former school friends Jagger and Richards met Brian Jones. They named themselves after a song by Muddy Waters.
Bob Dylan:
Bob Dylan is without doubt one of the most influential figures in the history of popular music. He is the writer of scores of classic songs and is generally regarded as the man who brought literacy to rock lyrics.
T: You can find more information about them after class.
Then deal with some language problems in this passage.
Notes:
manage to do sth: succeed in doing / be able to do
e.g. If I can’t borrow the money, I shall have to manage without.
The hotel was on fire, but many people managed to run out of it.
make an impression on: cause effect on mind or feeling
e.g. The speech made a strong impression on the house.
name … after: give a name to (name … in honor of … 以……的名誉命名)
e.g. The child was named after its father.
Step V Task
Instruct the students to organize a class concert.
Purpose: Guide the students to learn while enjoy different types of music including the artists, the instruments and the songs through a class activity. Encourage them to sing songs or play instruments themselves.
T: OK, boys and girls. We have learned a lot about music in this Module. How about a class concert?
Ss: That’ll be great!
T: Yes, but we need to do some preparation. Turn to Page 56, look at TASK. Work in groups of six. We need to do some groupwork. Read the instructions and discuss with your group members what you are supposed to do. I am going to collect your lists after your discussion.
Sample lists:
Group 1: We like pop music. We have made a list of the recorded music we have at home. We’ve got Back Street Boys, Steff Sun, Kelly Chen, Twins, etc.
Group 2: We decide to play music of Michael Jackson’s for the class, because they are a little different.21·世纪*教育网
Group 3: Our group agrees to choose Eagle Band, which is a famous rock band. We plan to surf he net and download their information and the words of their famous song “Hotel California”. Surely they play the guitar, bass, etc
Group 4: Mike will representative us to sing a song of country music style“Country Road”.He himself will play the guitar while singing.
T: Sounds terrific! I am pretty sure our concert will be a success. But you have to get prepared after class. So much for today’s lesson.
Step VI Homework
1. P114 Activity 16. Use the notes from Activity 15 and write a short article for a music magazine.
Sample article:
Liu huan: a Giant of Modern Music
Liu huan, a composer as well as a singer, is a giant of modern pop music in China. Born in Tianjin, he graduated from the French Department of Beijing International Academy in 1985. It is a wonder that he became a top singer later. He ever won the first prizes in both English and French Music competition at college. In 1990, he was even awarded as one of the Ten Top Outstanding Young Composers in China as a result of his remarkable contribution in writing music. Meanwhile, numerable songs sung by him enjoyed great success in China and loved by people all over China, young or old. For example, his song “ Ask you time and time again” for the famous TV series Beijingers in New York and his “ Brave Men of Liang Mount (好汉歌)” are extremely popular with Chinese people. What’s more, his splendid songs also appeal to many westerners. In 1994, his concert held in New York attracted and stirred many people’s attention and interest. However, Liu huan is not only famous for his beautiful music, but also known for his kind-heartedness. He often appeared on stage and sang songs for free to support people in the disaster-stricken areas in 1998. So in some sense, Liu huan is more than a singer. I think that’s why so many people admire and love him.
2. P52 Activity 2. Write a description of your study habits.
Sample description:
A description of my own study habits
I enjoy listening to classical music while studying. Without music, it’s too quiet and I can’t concentrate and will fall asleep soon. However, I never listen to rock music while studying because it’s too noisy and I just want to dance instead of studying if I listen to it. In the past my parents would be angry if they heard music from my bedroom, I tried to persuade them that it was good for my study. They didn’t believe me at first. But later when they saw that my test scores kept improving, they were surprised and gave in eventually. Now they allow and encourage me to listen to classical music. While study, what’s more, they come to enjoy classical music, too. Thanks to classical music, I not only improve my study but also change my parents’ attitude towards.
附 件
Ⅰ. 课文注释与疑难解释
1. allowance
1）n.[c] sum of money, amount of sth, allowed to do 津贴，特别经费
a dress allowance of ￡30 a year 一年30镑的制装津贴
e.g. The director has an entertainment allowance. 经理有一笔特别招待费。
2) (c) (commerce and finance) deduction or discount (商业与财政)折扣
3) (single or pl.) make allowance (s) for, allow for 考虑到，体谅
e.g. We must allow for his youth. 我们必须体谅他的年轻。
2. arise vi. (arose, arisen)
1) come into existence; come to notice; present itself 发生；出现
e.g. A new difficulty has risen. 一项新的困难发生了。
If the need should arise … 假若发生需要的话
Before they could start, a mist arose. 在他们出发前，起了雾。
2) result (from) 产生 (与from连用)
e.g. Serious obligations may arise from the proposed clause.
有这项提议的条款可能产生一些重大的责任。
3) (old use) get up; stand up（旧用法）起来；起身；起立
3. devote vt. give up (oneself, one’s time, energy, etc) (to sth or sb)（为某事或某人而）奉献（自己，自己的时间，精力等）；专心；专门；献身
e.g. He devoted his life to mission work in Africa.他将他的一生奉献于非洲的传教工作。
This magazine is devoted to Science. 这个杂志转载科学文章。
She is devoted to her children. 她挚爱她的子女。（含有为子女的幸福而自我牺牲的意思）
devoted adj. very loving or loyal 挚爱的，忠实的
devotion n. 深爱，专心，忠实
4. take advantage of use it profitable, for one’s own benefit利用某事物
e.g. He took the fullest advantage of his success.他尽量利用他的成功。
He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他对他的敌手所犯的错误，总是加以充分利用。
(同义make (full) use of / make the best of)
5. far from
e.g. Your work is far from (being) (=is not at all) satisfactory. 你的工作一点也不令人满意。
The newspaper accounts are far from being true.
报纸的报道远非事实。（有许多地方不正确）
Far from (=instead of) admiring his paintings, I dislike them intensely.
我不但不钦佩反而十分讨厌他的画。
Ⅱ. 重点句子
It developed in the churches that black people went to.
它是在黑人常去的教堂里诞生的。
that 引导一个定语从句，修饰之前的名词churches，go to church(es)去教堂，注意不要掉了介词to。
e.g. This is the park that her mother used to take her to when she was a girl.
这是那个在她童年时母亲常带她去的公园。
2．Blues is a type of music which started as songs sung by African Americans while they were working. 布鲁斯是一种最早始于非裔美国人劳动时所唱的歌曲。
which 引导定语从句，修饰music, sung by …是过去分词短语，修饰songs， while引导时间状语从句，“当……时”。
e.g. While the wife was cooking in the kitchen, the husband was reading in the garden.
妻子在厨房做饭，丈夫在花园读书。
while还可以表示“对比”
e.g. I was talking about my daughter while she thought I was talking about hers.
我在谈论我的女儿，而她以为我在谈她的女儿。
while 表示“虽然”
While I don’t have much in common with him, we are friends.
3. The words of early blues songs often consist of a single line repeated two or three times before changing.
早期布鲁斯音乐的歌词常常由重复两三次才变化的单行歌词组成。
consist of : make up, contain, include
4. “The moment I heard it ,”he said ,?Blues简介
布鲁斯（又译蓝调(blues)，港台常译为“怨曲”）是一种基于五声音阶的声乐和乐器音乐，它的另一个特点是其特殊的和声。布鲁斯是南北战争后，在黑人民间产生的一种演唱形式，它与黑人的种植园歌曲（劳动时集体合唱的无伴奏歌曲）有着一脉相承的关系。布鲁斯起源于过去美国黑人奴隶的圣歌、赞美歌、劳动歌曲、叫喊和颂歌。布鲁斯中使用的“蓝调之音”和启应的演唱方式都显示了它的西非来源。布鲁斯对后来美国和西方流行音乐有非常大的影响，拉格泰姆、爵士乐、大乐队、节奏布鲁斯、摇滚乐、乡村音乐和普通的流行歌曲，甚至现代的古典音乐中都含有布鲁斯的因素或者是从布鲁斯发展出来的。在诗歌里这个词常被用来描写忧郁情绪。
　　美国流行音乐形式。又译为蓝色音调。原意为在感情上悲伤的意思。在黑人歌曲中，有一大部分都是描写生离死别之情，抒发忧伤凄惨的内容，用布鲁斯一词来概括十分贴切，久用成习，就成了这一类黑人歌曲的总称，进而成为美国黑人音乐中一种典型的曲调。布鲁斯约产生于19世纪末，由非 洲被贩卖至美国南部庄园中做奴隶的黑人所哼唱的劳动歌曲、灵歌和田间号子结合而成。最初的布鲁斯基本上都是歌曲，伴奏只用吉他，后来逐渐加进了其他乐器，并出现了专供器乐演奏的布鲁斯。最知名的布鲁斯歌手是贝西·史密斯。第一个把布鲁斯写下来并交付出版的是W.C.汉迪，他有布鲁斯之王之称。
Hip Hop
Hip－Hop是文化名词，包括饶舌 (Rapping) 打碟 (DJing) 涂鸦
(Graffiti) 街舞 (Breaking)
　　说唱起源于60年代，而作为音乐理解的Hip－Hop则起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP(有时候会加一点R&B)。这是一种完全自由式即兴式的音乐。这种音乐不带有任何程式化，拘束的成分。在任何时间，任何地点你都可以炫Hip hop 只要你hight 。21世纪教育网版权所有
　　Hip－Hop从字面上来看，Hip是臀部，Hop是摇摆，加在一起就是轻扭摆臀，是以前美国的蹦迪（当然不是像咱们，他们是摇摆臀部，咱们是头-_-）原先指的是雏形阶段的街舞(也就是我们以前说的霹雳舞)，后来才逐渐发展成一种巨大的概念——我们现在说的Hip－Hop文化还包括了那些宽大的衣服、沉甸甸的纯金饰品、平时说起话来就“YoYo?what’s up？”的口语习惯——总之就是那种美国贫民街区里黑人的生活方式以及他们的“范儿”。 www.21-cn-jy.com
　　Hip－Hop的起源用一个“穷”字即可概括。为什么要穿大一号的衣服？除了方便运动之外，黑人家庭多是人数众多而收入甚少，所以哥哥穿小了的衣服就会给弟弟穿，这才形成了巨大衣服的风格；为什么会有涂鸦？这东西最早是街区内各个帮派之间划分势力范围的标志，后来才越来越漂亮精致，发展成了民间艺术；为什么会有街舞？因为他们没钱去舞厅，而且当时种族歧视问题依然存在，有钱也不一定能在白人的舞厅里玩儿得高兴；为什么纯正的Hip－Hop作品以黑色为主且必带粗口？因为这帮街头黑人青年没前途没希望，他们憎恨的比他们爱的要多得多。
　　Hip-hop：（广义）是一种源于街头的文化、文化现象、文化运动和生活方式。
Hip-hop: （狭义）包括MC、DJ、Dance（舞蹈，特指hip-hop舞，也称街舞）和Graffiti（涂鸦）等四个主要方面，街球、beatbox等为补充。
Hip-Hop舞蹈的历史
所谓的hip-hop DANCE.正是现在最广泛流行的一种街舞类型.如果我们以舞蹈的观点来看,它可以分成NEW SCHOOl以及OLD SCHOOl两大类.如何去区分这两大类型呢?我们可以以年代及动作或是音乐类型来作区分. 其实hip-hop就是各种街舞的总称 . 2-1-c-n-j-y
　　事实上,我们所谓的Breaking DANCE或是OLD SCHOOl正也是属于hip-hop的一种.这种OLD SCHOOl的舞蹈包含著lOCKING(锁舞).popping(机械舞).breaking(地板舞).WAVE(电流)这些东西(这种霹雳舞式的舞蹈风格著名的团体是Rock Steady Crew).他起源于美国街头的舞者的即兴舞蹈动作.这些街头舞者多半是以黑人或是墨西哥人为主.或许正是所谓的"穷人的娱乐", 这些流行的街舞多半发源自美国纽约的布鲁克林区和洛杉矶的街头(这一区住的全是一些穷困的黑人或墨西哥人.)这些黑人及墨西哥人的孩子们成天在街上混,跳舞,自然而然的行成各种的派系,也很自然的在他们所跳的舞蹈上发展出不一样的风格. 　　21*cnjy*com
　　hip-hop DANCE的演变
　　而在OLD SCHOOl演变至NEW SCHOOl的关键.这可追溯至早期OLD SCHOOl的音乐,其具有非常快的节拍来匹配这些breaking的动作,而後随著hip-hop音乐的演进 人们开始瞭解 breaking并不适合这些NEW SCHOOl hip-hop的音乐(因为所谓NEW SCHOOl的音乐比较慢,如果在这种慢板的hip-hop音乐中作风车或排腿(footwork)之类的动作,会觉得一点爆发力都没有,甚至失去其舞感.)此时OLD SCHOOl与NEW SCHOOl的舞蹈就开始分家了,那是在1986年左右早期NEW SCHOOl的舞步非常简单,如耳熟能详的 "滑步"(running man) 这在以前MC HAMMER及巴比布朗的vIDEO的中均可见到.....或许我们可以称当时这种"劲爆"的hip-hop舞蹈为FUNKING DANCE.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
　　NEW SCHOOl hip-hop的出现
然而以现在的眼光来看这些MC HAMMER及巴比布朗时期所流行的街舞,也渐渐变成了OLD SCHOOl.因为在92年初期时,出现了一个叫做MOP TOP(ElITE FORCE)的黑人舞蹈团体(由HENRY link . lOOSE JOINT . BUDDHA STRETCH组成),他们发展出一种新风格的hip-hop.我称他为"原地性的hip-hop".他不像MC HAMMER及巴比布朗时期的大动作,劲爆,大范围式的移动,更没有霹雳舞中那些在地上类是体操的动作.他独有风格在于他注重身体的协调性(我们所谓的律动).他重视身体上半身的律动及增加了许多手部的动作.不再像那些旧风格的hip-hop注视大范围的移动以及脚步的动作.或许HENRY刚开始时只是一位默默无名的街头舞者,但是当迈克尔杰克逊的一首Remabe the time MTv出现时,大家首次看到这种我所谓的原地性舞蹈.这种新风格的舞蹈在这位世界流行音乐之王的MTv出现,马上就掀起了一股风潮.我们不敢说是甚麼原因使这位HENRY先生一炮而红.但是这首Remabe the time中的舞蹈正是他的杰作.後来玛利亚凯莉的Dreamlover歌曲MTv中,我们看到了一片草原上有一群只穿者裤子的黑人跳著奇怪风格的舞蹈.这些舞蹈中夹杂著hip-hop.lOCKING(锁舞).popping(机械舞).WAVE(电流)这些东西.却配合著是Dreamlover这种R&B式曲风的hip-hop音乐.我们很难相信我们所看到的东西.当时我们很难去断定这是甚麼样的舞蹈.但是,这却是NEW SCHOOl hip-hop发展史上很重要的一节,他是全世界开始流行NEW SCHOOl的起源也是"罪魁祸首".
街球
　　是流行于城市的篮球比赛形式，亦是hip hop文化的重要分支之一。由于源于和流行于黑人社区，所以又称黑人篮球。其后经过逐渐发展，成为现时世界流行的三人篮球比赛。一般比赛形式为一对一或三对三的比赛，对个人技术要求比较高。 21教育网
　　1891年，加拿大籍美国麻省青年会学院的Dr. James Naismith(詹姆斯·奈史密斯博士)发明了篮球。而街头篮球起源于20世纪初，美国首都华盛顿和纽约市贫民区的黑人青少年在空地上随便搭建简单的篮球架进行的篮球运动。其后两地的参与者共同努力，并组织华盛顿学生体肯协会和黑人篮球联盟等团体，令致街头篮球迅速流行。其后街头篮球传至欧洲，并发展出3对3的比赛形式。由于对设备的要求低和简单的比赛形式，运动得以在全世界迅速发展。 21cnjy.com
　　规则与特色
　　街头篮球通常可在半个篮球场或在任何竖立篮球架的空地上进行。比赛参与者会被分为两组，一方为攻击，另一方则为防守。两组人数最少可一对一，每组人数亦可由二至五人，而三对三是现时最常见的比赛形式。由于比赛场地要求小和组队灵活，便于施展各项篮球的基本技巧。
　　即使是多人进行比赛，街头篮球强调以单挑方式进行攻防战，展示球员的个人技术。黑人的街头篮球为自由篮球，着重观赏性、注重个人动作和比赛的节奏感。比赛时，攻击方可利用不同的运球技巧进行移动，务求将球送入球篮。街头篮球的特色之一是快速移动，攻击方藉运球和移动步法摆脱对手上篮得分，防守方亦藉合法的移动和防守阻止对手将篮球送入球篮。 2·1·c·n·j·y
在比赛规则方面，街头篮球一般比较传统正式篮球比赛宽松。例如传统篮球比赛对持球有规定，在街头篮球便不适用。美国黑人的街头篮球没有一定规则，由于讲求体现个人表演风格，只要是对比赛没有太大的妨碍，打得有创意和观赏性，不少看似犯规的动作都是可接受的（甚至可不受任何比赛规则限制）。现普遍接受的比赛规例，基本依照传统篮球比赛所用的国际篮球规则，再根据在半场进行比赛的特点和便于篮球爱好者参与等因素对某些条款稍作更改。21·世纪*教育网
MC
什么是MC？MC是Master of Ceremony的简写，翻译过来就是派对的司仪。这个司仪一般不是指婚礼、葬礼、公司开会的司仪，而从一开始就是代表DJ喊话主持Party的。其实，最早的DJ们都是又当MC又打碟身兼两职，有点儿像今天还在只放大热的士高又一边喊麦DJ。但是随着DJ间的竞争激烈、器材也逐渐复杂起来，大家总要在party上集中些精力比一比，手上的花活多了，嘴上自然没那么多功夫照顾观众了。所以，MC——这一将对hip-hop产生翻天覆地影响的新元素终于诞生了。他们拿着话筒跑到前台来，开始还有些羞涩，毕竟台后那些DJ是他们的半个老板或者衣食父母，总要照顾到这些人的情绪。于是，他们不停的喊“嘿，兄弟姐妹跳起来，随着我们的DJ某某一起动”这类的话来讨好DJ和观众。而埋头苦干的DJ们却没想到，他们的放松成了最致命错误。等于引狼入室，直接导致未来的MC反客为主。一些脑子好使嘴皮又利落的MC开始有事儿没事儿的抓着麦克风不撒手，一喊就一整场，麦霸就是这样诞生的。他们逐渐的摸出一些门道，说什么样的话能够让人们开心，毕竟跳舞就是找乐。同时，人们也逐渐适应了有个声音作为他们动作的引导，如果你在台上不喊两嗓子，那才叫丢人呢。呵呵，这个时候，有闲暇抬起头的DJ却发现人们早就不在关心他们了，谁还在吃一顿大餐的时候还关心什么厨师和背景音乐呀。所以，从此之后，MC就开始和DJ平起平坐。再到后来发展到DJ成他们的小弟，这是很长的一段历史，省略了。总之，今天你把MC当成喊麦的也好，歌手或者艺术家也好，都没错。这就是MC的意思。www-2-1-cnjy-com
DJ
　　DJ全称Disco jockey可以理解成DISCO舞厅的司仪或唱片骑士。如果要讲什么是DJ，必须从DISCO的发展讲起。21·cn·jy·com
　　早在一次世界大战之前就已经有DISCO存在，不过那时候没有现在这么疯狂、这么HIGH，充其量只不过是一些节奏强劲一些的音乐，DJ那时候只是在幕后的节目主持，就好象现在广播的主持一样。
　　1972年"Cherry Lips"乐队的一首"Playthe Funky Muisc"才能算是DISCO的真正起源。这种音乐风格在当时的时代环境下马上受到广大青年朋友的青睐，后来被命名为 “Funky”，一直到现在还深受人们的喜爱。而“DJ”则从幕后转到了半幕后，参与了一些演唱、音乐制作和演唱会的主持等幕前工作，还不能称为专业的“DJ”。 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　到了1981年，一个大家都非常熟悉的时代出现了--霹雳舞的时代。霹雳舞的一直风格延续至今变成了大家知道的一种风格。他们同样源自黑人街头音乐，有着同样的特点--就是在97年风靡一时的“RAP”。“DJ”在1981年便正式有幕后转到前台，负责在各种音乐中挑选出适合的音乐放给客人们听。当时还没有CD啦、LD啦，DJ只是在玩一些叫做“Record”就是我们称之为胶木碟或唱片（我们专业叫大盘）的东西。讲到这里我必须讲一下一个DJ必需的东西---唱盘机的发展，不要以为这无关紧要，没有唱盘机就不会有DJ的存在。“Technics”公司是到现在还在唱盘机制造业中的龙头，没有一个DJ会不知道这家公司开发制造的胶带式唱机和一直到现在的石英式唱机，但鲜为人知的是“Technics”早在1979年就出产了第一台专业的唱机，为DJ这一特殊的行业奠定了基础。 在八十年代初，DJ们还不会充分发挥唱机的优点，只是机械的操作。到了八十年代末期，不知谁发明了一种叫做scratching records（我也不知道怎么向你们解释，只好按我们的行话叫做“搓碟”。就是现在你们见到DJ在不断搓一张唱盘，配合节拍发出吱吱吱的声音。）的玩法，把DISCO推向了它第一个高潮。之后，DISCO在卡拉OK出现的强力冲撞之下消沉了数年，在95、96年又以讯雷不及掩耳之势再次席卷世界，它又回来了。
爵士乐的根源
爵士乐源于蓝音，是一种从前居住在美国南部的非洲奴隶以及他们的后代们的民间音乐。蓝调深受西非文化和音乐传统的影响，这些奴隶也逐渐成为移居到城市的黑人的音乐家。21世纪教育网版权所有
　　爵士乐的真正起源是贫穷。 1865年，美国内战结束，往日黑人奴隶获得了自由，但是生活依然困苦。他们多数是文盲，唯有靠自己故土培植出的音乐娱乐自己。劳动的号子和农田歌曲是在采摘棉花时候唱的，赞美诗歌和圣歌是在种族隔离的教堂里聚会时唱的，而即兴之作则是独唱歌手在一只班卓琴伴奏下吟唱的。在教堂中，黑人牧师接用英国领唱方式来解决唱歌不懂字的问题。21教育网
　　上世纪之交流行的音乐会标准的形式，也就是当时军乐团和舞曲乐队的音乐影响了最早的爵士乐的主流表达方式。这些音乐的乐器：铜管乐器，簧管乐器和鼓成为了爵士乐的基本乐器。
Music in Hong Kong
在张国荣、林子祥、梅艳芳退出乐坛之后，香港乐坛突然发现自己进入了一个无巨星的时代。1990年刘德华、张学友、李克勤在角逐中占得先机，1991年黎明的火箭式走红使他与张学友、刘德华一起在年终的颁奖典礼上风光无限，三人被称为“三剑客”。但这个称号产生不到半年便告夭折，1992年郭富城以令人瞠目结舌的速度抢到歌坛最前列的位置，一家媒体戏诌式地将这四人比作神话传说中的四大天王，没想就此广泛传开，“四大天王”正式确立。这意味著这四个人已被公认为香港歌坛新的领班人，在一定程度上剥夺了其它歌手再度加入战团的机会。?四大天王在整个九十年代在香港歌坛的地位牢不可破，他们推出专辑总能轻松地卖个满堂红，他们推出的歌曲总能轻易打上排行榜榜首，他们瓜分了九十年代香港各大乐坛颁奖典礼绝大部分的大奖，而他们也总是轻易地击败一批批的挑战者从而更进一步地奠定自己的位置。可以说，九十年代是四大天王的年代，但在九十年代后期由于大势影响，他们的歌曲质量都不同程度地有所下降，显示出一些疲态。1999年底黎明在成绩斐然之时突然宣布退出一切乐坛颁奖，随后张学友也表示附和。这可以看作是四大天王时代的结束，后四大天王时代正式开始。?21·cn·jy·com
张学友 　　在四大天王中，张学友是第一个在歌坛站稳脚跟的。早于1985年谭、张争夺最为火热之时，张学友出道便凭首张大碟《SMILE》青云直上，成为万众瞩目的新星，主打歌《情已逝》打入当年十大。早年多首深情款款的情歌如《遥远的她》、《SMILE?AGAIN玛利亚》、《轻抚你的脸》、《AMOUR》、《月半弯》、《蓝雨》、《LINDA》、《夕阳醉了》等使他成为名扬一时的“情歌王子”，其中87年的《太阳星辰》更是一举夺得年度十大中文金曲第一名。1991年他的《每天爱你多一些》盘踞十来周排行榜冠军，1992年的大碟《真情流露》狂卖八白金，牢牢地确立了他在香港歌坛的地位。张学友唱歌非常投入，这使他的作品总能感人，他的唱功在四大天王中也是首屈一指的。与三位著名的“靓仔”齐名，外表略逊一筹的张学友用实力说话。与其他三位天王拥有的数以万计的忠心歌迷相比，张学友虽然专一地痴迷于他的歌迷不多，但他拥有更为广泛的听众。九十年代学友的歌路没有太大的变化，代表作如《分手总要在雨天》、《还是觉得你最好》、《只想一生跟你走》、《我等到花儿也谢了》、《离开以後》、《不老的传说》等都是悱恻缠绵的情歌。在刘德华成功之后，张学友重新进军国语歌，结果也大获成功，《吻别》、《祝福》等是其代表作。张学友在电影方面也成绩不俗，获取过两次最佳男配角和影帝提名。1999年学友继成龙之后也获得世界杰出青年荣誉，这是对他十多年在歌坛、影坛的惊人成绩最好的褒奖。同年，张学友经过两年的淡出“缓冲期”之后，做出了与黎明一样的决定∷退出乐坛颁奖典礼！显然这时去享受小两口的甜蜜生活是令人羡慕，学友也该休息休息了。?21cnjy.com
刘德华 　　在张学友推出他的首张专辑的同时，刘德华也以当红电视明星身份推出他在歌坛的处女作《只知道此刻爱你》，但反应平淡。随后的几年里，刘德华一直也在歌坛努力奋斗，推出过如《情感的禁区》、《回到你身边》、《我恨我痴心》、《共你伤心过》等很不错的歌，但一直没有得到公众的承认。直到张国荣等引退後的1990年，正在影坛红得发紫的华仔凭当年两张专辑《可不可以》、《再会了》的出色表现火速窜红，一举摘走当年最受欢迎男歌手大奖。在九十年代上半期，刘德华在香港歌坛的地位不可撼动，期间如《一起走过的日子》、《爱不完》、《长夜多浪漫》、《真我的风采》、《谢谢你的爱》、《谁人知》等都是香港乐坛非常经典的名曲。九十年代后期华仔的粤语歌质量有所下降，主要作品有《情未鸟》、《你是我的女人》。刘德华是香港歌手成功打入国语歌市场的第一人，他的国语歌代表作《如果你是我的传说》、《我和我追逐的梦》、《忘情水》、《真永远》、《相思成灾》、《中国人》、《孤星泪》、《笨小孩》等名曲在华人的地方随处都可以听到。从1990年起他十年来一直垄断著台湾十大最受欢迎歌手第一名的奖项，在台湾、在中国大陆、在东南亚，他地位之崇高甚至超过其大本营香港。之前香港的一流歌星如谭咏麟、张国荣、张学友、梅艳芳等都推出过国语唱片，不过基本上都反应平平。香港歌手唱国语歌且取得如此辉煌的成功是从刘德华开始的，此后几乎所有的香港歌手都在国语歌方面取得一定的成功。刘德华对工作的认真态度在香港艺坛有口皆碑，这是他持续20年一直是香港艺坛最耀眼人物之一的最主要原因，是后晋艺员的瞻仰的榜样。www.21-cn-jy.com
黎明 　　歌唱大赛出身的黎明在艺坛的第一步却是从拍电视剧开始的。几年的沉寂後，1990和1991年他担纲的两部重头戏《人在边缘》和《今生无悔》反响强烈，黎明以带点叛逆的酷哥形象迅速成为万千少女醉心的偶像。同期他正式步入歌坛，《相逢在雨中》、《如果这是情》、《人在边缘》、《对不起我爱你》、《今夜你会不会来》等歌很快走红。尤其1991年他的第三张专辑《是爱是缘》获全年最佳销量，使黎明成为当时最受欢迎的艺人之一。黎明是偶像派歌星的代表人物，这类歌星的特征是唱功虽然不是十分突出，但外表过人，拥有大量非常忠心的歌迷。因此黎明遭到的喝彩声与嘘声一样的多，1991年他一次演唱代表作《对不起我爱你》时不慎走音更是给扣上“走慢音”的帽子。不可否认黎明的唱功比之张学友是颇有不足，但他成名十年来他的进步却是非常惊人的。黎明的歌坛生涯以《那有一天不想你》为界可划为明显不同的两段。早期他基本以纯情少男形象出现，代表作还有《夏日倾情》、《我的亲爱》、《我爱ICHI?BAN》、《深秋的黎明》等；而後期的歌路大为开阔，形象开始多变起来。1994年他与和记新干线合作的广告歌《那有一天不想你》取得超乎想象的成功，于是直到现在黎明每推出的新歌几乎都是广告歌，带动了歌星拍广告的狂潮。从1994年到1999年他最後一次出席乐坛颁奖礼，除95年的《一生最爱就是你》外，和记新干线的广告歌《那有一天不想你》、《情深说话未曾讲》、《只要为我爱一天》、《我这样爱你》包办了当年度各颁奖典礼大部分的年度最佳歌曲奖，即使最弱的《一生最爱就是你》也入选了年度十大金曲。99年正当黎明表现极其出色，明显超出其他歌手之时，他突然宣布退出一切歌坛颁奖典礼，希望以此避开压力和恶性的竞争。但在黎明的身边新闻又怎麼可能间断呢？?2·1·c·n·j·y
郭富城 　　1992郭富城以令人瞠目结舌的速度加入上年“三剑客”的行列，与上三人合称四大天王。与刘德华一样也是艺员训练班出身的郭富城早年曾是无线电视台力捧的“十小龙”之一，但电视剧走红的年代早已过去，电视台的重头戏都给梁朝伟、黄日华、万梓良等占据，十人没有表现的机会，一直默默无闻。1990年郭富城偶然赴台湾拍摄一个电单车广告，不料歪打正著，赢得一片采声。华星唱片公司见机与其签约，推出了三张国语专辑，《对你爱不完》、《我是不是该安静地走开》、《我想偷偷对你说我爱你》、《TELL?ME?WHY》等歌在台湾红极一时。于是1992年初郭富城回港推出一张精选大碟《请把我的情感带回家》，结果这张唱片形成抢购热潮，郭富城人气急升，挤进“天王”行列。郭富城与黎明一样给钉死在“偶像派”的板子上，尤其早期由于半路出家，唱功不太成熟，被嘲为“鸭母声”。但成名后他在唱歌方面的进步一年一个台阶，实力大为增强。在90年度上半期，城城一直是名附其实的“第四天王”，排名一直在其他三位後面。但在95、96年其他三位天王显示出一些疲态之时，郭富城奋起直追，直至97年从黎明手中抢得最受欢迎男歌手之位，四大天王第一次真正平起平坐。伴舞出身的郭富城的舞技明显高于其他三位天王，这使他的代表歌曲以快歌为主。《第四晚心情》、《狂野之城》、《铁幕诱惑》、《纯真传说》、《最激帝国》、《唱这歌》等造型各异的劲歌热舞是城城得到今日地位最大本钱，而他的一些出色的慢歌也别具韵味，其中佼佼者有《我为何让你走》、《没有你的爱》、《望乡》、《风里密码》、《爱的呼唤》等。在学友、黎明退出的今天，郭富城应该有很大的机会来奠定其香港歌坛第一人的地位，让我们拭目以待。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
叶倩文 　 不会说粤语、不懂中文的叶倩文于八十年代中期投身香港乐坛，被认为是一个“鬼妹”。在“鬼佬”林子祥的帮助下，叶倩文神奇地获得成功。她早期唱歌是全凭注音符号背下歌词，包括其红极一时的代表作《祝福》就是这样唱出来的。早期的《零时十分》、《甜言蜜语》等歌打出了一片天地，1988年的名曲《祝福》被各大颁奖礼一致推举为全年最佳金曲、1990年另一首名曲《焚心以火》也获得同样的荣誉，叶倩文在梅艳芳隐退之后众望所归地连取五届最受欢迎女歌手奖。她的代表作还有《秋去秋来》、《珍重》、《黎明不要来》、《愿死也为情》、《情人知己》等。1992年她的国语名曲《潇洒走一回》唱到街知巷闻，是叶倩文歌坛生涯的高峰期，而她与林子祥合唱的多首情歌如《选择》、《爱到分离仍是爱》也脍炙人口。1994年她与林子祥经过长时间的桃色传闻后宣布正式结婚，随后叶倩文淡然退出娱乐圈。? 　　林忆莲 　　对叶倩文地位构成最大威胁的是林忆莲。虽然行内人对忆莲的评价并不低于SALLY，但也许是林忆莲长得不及叶倩文漂亮，她的人气值一直稍落下风。电台DJ出身的林忆莲于84年推出首张专辑《爱情I?don‘t?know》，崭露头角，1987年的名曲《灰色》使她挤身一流女歌手的行列。林忆莲能静能动，不过她早期的主要歌曲还是以洋溢著青春活力的舞曲为主，如《一分钟都市一分钟恋爱》、《倾斜》、《烧》、《疯了》、《醒醒》等。而另一些深情慢歌也体现出她的独特都市女性魅力，包括《前尘》、《依然》、《激情》、《滴汗》等。1993年她与李宗盛结婚并因怀孕停唱达一年半之久，当她重新回到香港乐坛时却发觉歌迷已将她忘了。于是林忆莲将注意转向国语歌，《夜太黑》、《伤痕》、《铿锵玫瑰》等象她早期的作品《爱上一个不回家的人》一样大受好评。? 　　王菲 　　早期以艺名“王靖雯”出现的王菲在名成利就之后用回原名。她的成名作是1992年的《容易受伤的女人》，这首歌在四大天王交火白热化之时悄然杀上各大排行榜榜首并入选年终十大，王靖雯在歌坛几年的奋斗终获成果。这个时期她还是以比较正统的形象出现，代表作还有《执迷不悔》、《季候风》、《爱与痛的边缘》等。1994年王菲歌风大变，不仅舞台造型非常前卫，歌曲也表现出很强烈的随意性，甚至象《浮躁》这样几乎没有歌词的光哼哼的歌也能获得认可。由此王菲人气更上一层楼，取代叶倩文成为香港乃至东南亚最受欢迎的女歌星。王菲的声线非常突出，富有磁性，极易吸引人。她在经历与窦唯的失败婚姻后重闯歌坛，仍然宝刀不老。代表作还有《梦中人》、《守时》、《暧昧》等。北京出生的王菲国语歌也非常突出，代表作有《天空》、《棋子》、《我愿意》等等。? 　　彭羚 　　在歌坛沉浮多年的彭羚以1994年的《让我跟你走》走红，以高音的女歌手形象出现。她在王菲生产而暂别歌坛时短暂占据了香港歌坛第一女歌手的位置，1996年初彭羚结婚并淡出歌坛。代表作还有《仍然是最爱你》、《如梦初醒》、《夜风铃》、《小玩意》等。? 　　郑秀文 　　在九十年代中後期，能对王菲地位构成威胁的是郑秀文。郑秀文早期以乖乖女形象出现，主要作品有《苦恋》、《Say?U‘ll?be?mine》，但一直未能走红。1993年开始她改走前卫路子，如《CHOTO等等》、《叮当》等劲歌热舞使她迅速窜红。1995年的《舍不得你》使她成为最炙手可热的红星之一，随後的几年郑秀文稳步前进，地位一直很稳固。代表作还有《放不低》、《小心女人》、《我们的主题曲》、《插曲》等。?.21教育网
许志安 　　许志安的名字从一开始两人刚冒头时的一首合唱歌《其实你心里有没有我》便郑秀文粘在一起了，在遍地英俊小生的那个时候，许志安独特的歌喉另辟蹊径，慢慢走红，他是除李克勤外被叫得最多的“第五天王”。许志安的发展一直还算顺利，没有大的波折，现在还稳居一线歌手行列。?21世纪教育网版权所有
谢霆峰 　　谢霆峰出身明星世家，父母都是香港演艺界的著名人士，其父谢贤更是香港家喻户晓的巨星级人马，诸多演艺界巨星如曾志伟、汪明荃是他的契爹契妈。1997年，谢贤夫妇突然闹离婚，惊动众多传媒，随后事态扩大，愈演愈剧，一宗家庭纠纷成为举港瞩目的事件。其间夫妇二人分别多次公开称赞其爱子谢霆峰，并称其为此事件的唯一受害者（正常情况下确实如此），使谢霆峰成为一时新闻人物。次年初的十大中文金曲颁奖典礼上，第一位上台表演的嘉宾便是这位长相俊秀的年轻人。随后不久，18岁的谢霆峰正式推出自己的第一首打榜歌曲《坏习惯》，宣传铺天盖地而来，天天见报，一名全新的偶像就此大功告成。唱片公司利用谢霆峰的家庭问题作铺垫，充分利用其与娱乐界的非常关系，宣传工夫入丝入扣，令人叫绝。不过借以冲锋的一系列歌曲都不是什麼特别的好歌，似乎至今还没有能广泛流行，人们记住的是唱歌的人而不是歌曲，这本身就是对这个乐坛最大讽刺。谢霆峰这几年相当努力，不仅在电影界相当活跃，而歌曲不少是自己操刀作曲填词，颇有潜质，但他还需要更多的著名歌曲来成为一名真正的歌星。而且一开始太顺利的发展不一定对将来有利，不久前的无线封杀事件应该引起足够警惕。
Robert Johnson
1911年5月1日Robert Johnson出生在密西西比州的Hazelhurst。1914年全家搬到Memphis，直到1918年，他的继父将他送到Robinsonville附近的Abbay and Leatherman种植园。他在那里开始与为一些老乐手伴唱，并跟着Willie Brown四处表演。不久Brown的合作者Charley Patton来到这里，Johnson就跟着他俩一起表演。1930年Son House离开Parchman农场来到Robinsonville，他的吉他演奏深深影响了Johnson，令他放弃演唱拿起了吉他。House和Brown组成了一个乐队，去到Memphis的教堂公园表演赚取小费，Johnson也跟随着他们。表演之余，他们聚在一起喝酒的时候，House、Brown和Patton会嘲笑他的菜鸟吉他技术，于是这个年轻人离开Robinsonville回到Hazelhurst。21教育网
Hazelhurst靠近密西西比州的Crystal Springs，著名的吉他手Tommy Johnson就住在那里。Robert Johnson在那里结了婚。他除了练吉他，还跟着留声机学习新歌，他着迷于并模仿当地的一位吉他手Ike Zinnerman。好几个月之后，Johnson回到了Robinsonville，并向人们展示了出神入化的吉他技术，还有他学来的许多新歌（来自包括Lonnie Johnson、Skip James、Peetie Wheatstraw、Scrapper Blackwell和Kokomo Arnold等知名歌手），人们惊讶于他的进步，有的人相信他与相遇在十字路口，用他的灵魂换回吉他的天才。虽然Johnson的歌都是翻唱于别人的，但他赋予它们一种迷茫、孤独和偏持的感觉。似乎每个blues乐手都喜欢流浪（是天性抑或是为了谋生？），Johnson同样不例外，他四处表演，走遍了中西部、东海岸甚至加拿大，煤矿、地下酒吧、码头和小旅馆都留有他的足迹，这样也使他的演唱产生最广泛的影响。21cnjy.com
Robert Johnson一生中共录过两次音，第一次是1936年11月，地点是得克萨斯州的San Antonio，第二次是1937年6月，地点是得克萨斯州的Dallas，那都是无与伦比的录音。 21世纪教育网版权所有
他的成功终止于一年后的一次中毒（人们认为是一个妻子被Johnson勾引的店主下的毒），不久后他就离开了人世，那是1938年8月16日。他被埋葬在密西西比州Greenwood的Mt. Zion墓地，后被移至Mt. Payne墓地。
Robert Johnson与魔鬼达成交易，将自己的灵魂卖给魔鬼，减少自己的寿命以换取演奏蓝调的才华与创作天分。以Robert Johnson惊人的演奏功力、仿佛天赋般的才华与仅27岁就死于非命，这个谣言的诞生一点也不让人意外（由此可知蒋宋美龄绝对没有与魔鬼交易）。录制于1936与37，而发行于1961年的King Of The Delta Blues Singer可以说是站在蓝调历史上的十字路口。它为这张专辑前的蓝调做了总结，为这专辑后的蓝调做了指引。Robert Johnson绝对是历史上最重要的蓝调吉他手，这张专辑不是蓝调的起点，但是却是孕育出像Eric Clapton、Jimmy Page、Duane Allman、Jeff Beck这些伟大吉他手的起点。
Woody Guthrie
Guthrie was born in Okemah, Oklahoma. His parents named him after Woodrow Wilson, who was elected president in the 1912 election the same year Guthrie was born. His sister died in a tragic fire at their house. He worked as a sign painter. At age 19, he left home for Texas, where he met and married his first wife, Mary Jennings, with whom he had three children. He used his musical talents to earn money as a street musician and by doing small gigs. He left Texas and his family with the coming of the Dust Bowl era, following the Okies to California. The poverty he saw on these early trips affected him greatly, and many of his songs are concerned with the conditions faced by the working class. He frequently donated money made from his music gigs and busking to help various peoples and causes. A lifelong socialist and trade unionist, he also contributed a regular column, "Woody Sez," to the Daily Worker and People's World newspapers. He was a member of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or Wobblies) for some years. Conservatives frequently criticized the ostensibly Communist leanings of Guthrie's work; although he was never actually a member of the party, he did express sympathy towards the party many times, which was not unusual among 1930s folk singers.　　21·cn·jy·com
In the late 1930s, Guthrie achieved fame in Los Angeles, California, with radio partner Maxine "Lefty Lou" Crissman as a broadcast performer of commercial "hillbilly" music and traditional folk music. While appearing on radio station KFVD, a commercial radio station owned by a populist-minded New Deal Democrat, Guthrie also began to write and perform some of the protest songs that would eventually end up on Dust Bowl Ballads. In 1939, Guthrie moved to New York City and was embraced by its leftist and folk music community. He also made perhaps his first real recordings: several hours of conversation and songs, recorded by folklorist Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress, as well as an album, Dust Bowl Ballads, for Victor Records in Camden, New Jersey. He began writing his autobiography, Bound for Glory, which was completed and published in 1943. It later became a motion picture in 1976 (see See Also).www.21-cn-jy.com
In February 1940, Guthrie wrote his most famous song, "This Land Is Your Land." It was inspired in part by his experiences during a cross-country trip and in part by his distaste for the Irving Berlin song "God Bless America", which he considered unrealistic and complacent (and he was tired of hearing Kate Smith sing it on the radio). The melody is based on the gospel song "When the World's on Fire," best known as sung by the country group The Carter Family around 1930. 2·1·c·n·j·y
Guthrie protested class inequality in the final verses:【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
In the squares of the city, In the shadow of a steeple;21·世纪*教育网
By the relief office, I'd seen my people.
As they stood there hungry, I stood there asking,
Is this land made for you and me?
As I went walking, I saw a sign there,
And on the sign there, It said "no trespassing." [In another version, the sign reads "Private Property"]21世纪教育网版权所有
But on the other side, it didn't say anything!
That side was made for you and me.
These verses were often omitted in subsequent recordings, sometimes by Guthrie himself.21教育网
In May 1941, Guthrie was commissioned by the Department of the Interior and its Bonneville Power Administration to write songs about the Columbia River and the building of the federal dams; the best known of these are "Roll On Columbia" and "Grand Coulee Dam." Around the same time, he joined Pete Seeger in the legendary folk-protest groupAlmanac Singers, with whom he toured the country, and moved into the cooperative Almanac House in Greenwich Village.21cnjy.com
Guthrie originally wrote and sang anti-war songs with the Almanac Singers, but after America's entry into World War II he began writing anti-fascist tunes. Guthrie famously wrote the slogan "This Machine KillsFascists" on his guitar. He joined the U.S. Merchant Marine, where he served with fellow folk singer Cisco Houston, and then the U.S. Army.
In 1944, Guthrie met Moses "Moe" Asch of Folkways Records, for whom he first recorded "This Land Is Your Land," along with hundreds of other songs over the next few years.
路易斯·阿姆斯特朗
人物生平
　　提起爵士音乐，人们最先联想到的人，很可能是一位具有小丑般形象的，绰号叫做Uncle Satchmo（书包嘴大叔）的，活泼可爱的小人物。他是一位声音沙哑的歌手，手中常常拿着一支小号。他以新奥尔良爵士乐风格，在迪克西兰爵士乐配曲下，演奏结构简单、富有戏剧性的作品。这个人就是路易斯?阿姆斯特朗。他是爵士乐坛无人不知、无人不晓的大人物。每一本关于爵士乐的书，都会提及他的名字。他对于爵士乐的重要意义，就好像古典音乐的巴赫，摇滚乐的普雷斯利。21cnjy.com
　　1901年8月4日，路易斯?阿姆斯特朗出生在美国南部路易斯安那州新奥尔良市最贫穷落后的黑人居住区。生活在贫民窟中的阿姆斯特朗从小就喜欢唱歌，但是贫穷使他没有学习正规的声乐，人们也不会认为一位黑人会成为伟大的歌唱家。他有时参加少年合唱队在街头演唱，挣些零花钱，有时会在教堂唱诗班中一展歌喉。对于出身贫寒的阿姆斯特朗来说，唱歌是他童年最快乐的一件事情。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　一年除夕之夜，阿姆斯特朗从小伙伴那里搞到一把手枪，那不是玩具，而是一把真枪。好奇的阿姆斯特朗感到前所未有的兴奋，他朝天鸣枪，希望以此送走过去一年的不幸，迎接新的一年的到来。然而，在寂静的夜空中，枪声显得格外的响亮，不但吓坏了周围的小伙伴，而且惊动了警察。警察不认为这很有趣，不认为这只是少年的玩笑而已。他们注意到了阿姆斯特朗的肤色，于是认定这是对于社会治安的威胁和破坏。他们不由分说逮捕了阿姆斯特朗，并以“非法持有枪支”的罪名，将他送进了感化院。
　　这一年，路易斯?阿姆斯特朗只有十岁。这次经历是他人生的转折点。在感化院里，一名小号演奏家Peter Davis成了阿姆斯特朗的小号启蒙老师。阿姆斯特朗在感化院呆到18岁，在那里度过了其演奏生涯的最初岁月。
　　离开感化院后，阿姆斯特朗加入了一支乐队，该乐队中拥有当时著名的小号演奏家Joe Oliver。Oliver从一开始就对阿姆斯特朗的才华十分看中，并带阿姆斯特朗加入他在芝加哥的乐队。最让阿姆斯特朗兴奋的事情是进录音棚，而录音师不得不将他的位置放在其它乐手的后面20米处，因为他的音色实在太有力量了，即便Oliver也无法盖住他的声音。
　　1925年，阿姆斯特朗在芝加哥已被认为是世界上最伟大的小号演奏家之一。25岁时已经被认为是爵士乐的标志。1931年，他带领他的乐团远赴英国和欧洲，在那里他们的演出取得了巨大的成功。阿姆斯特朗成为世界公认的爵士乐演奏家，他在1923年—1967年录制的曲目，年代涵盖相当广泛，被世人称为“爵士圣经”。 21·世纪*教育网
　　阿姆斯特朗作为一名出色的即兴演奏家，他最大的特点是将节奏的感觉与旋律感相结合，他的演奏融合了高超的技艺，良好的节奏感，精湛的即兴演奏，迷人的音色和大跨度的音域，在本世纪20年代，没有多少人可以在小号上吹奏高音区的C。而阿姆斯特朗经常在演出中轻易的演奏出高音C，并且有时他的演奏中会出现高音F，这在当时是足以使他笑傲乐坛的。
　　阿姆斯特朗同时也是爵士史上伟大的歌唱家之一。他十分重视与观众的交流，并且力图要能够使听众愉快，这使他成为了一名具有喜剧色彩的表演大师。阿姆斯特朗认为，即使一个人将音乐视作生命，这也并不意味着他不应该为大众表演和不被大众所欣赏。 21·cn·jy·com
阿姆斯特朗于1971年7月6日辞世。他为人们留下了丰富的爵士乐遗产，是爵士乐史上永恒的灵魂人物。
主要贡献
　　Louis Armstrong于1900年7月4日生于New Orleans。他年青时代有很多传奇，其中有怎样在少管所学吹小号，他年轻时在New Orleans 各种乐队中吹过小号。不管谁在街角妓院吹奏他都学。1922年，他已是有成就的小号手，被当时在芝加哥有现成乐队，曾是New Orleans的小号手Joe“King”Oliver邀请，与克里奥耳爵士乐队一起，在1922年于芝加哥制作了首批全是黑人的爵士唱片之一，立即从乐人中脱颖而出。在芝加哥又出一些唱片后，在纽约呆了一年（1924），后来为几个三四十年代大乐队爵士摇摆改曲作曲而闻名的Fletcher Henderson的“大乐队”中演奏。20年代末Armstrong在芝加哥几个乐队中演奏。1928年灌制了现认为音乐史上最有革命性的爵士小号篇章。www-2-1-cnjy-com
　　Armstrong和他的乐队（“The Hot Five”和“The Hot Seven”）的贡献使旧日的集体即兴发生了质的飞跃。他开始在乐器上翱翔，他的想象力、创造力成为之后20年中爵士小号手的典范，至今仍受到尊崇。他对爵士的主要贡献有：2-1-c-n-j-y
　　（1）他证明了New Orleans集体即兴技巧，不是爵士管号演奏的唯一途径。他的独奏（他是首先破例发展独奏的人之一）催人亢奋、独立于集体。他开创了个人即兴，交向几代爵士手表明这种演奏方法行得通。
　　（2）Armstrong是净化节奏概念、摒弃生硬钢琴模式的第一人。他开创合理运用切分韵律法。有时将整段位置摇摆。这样他用音节与鼓点反向拖延而展示出比Ragtime更轻松的感觉，并且花样更多。
　　节拍因素综合产生最早风格之一，在观众中引发出现称“爵士摇摆感觉”。爵士更轻松，不受先前严格四拍限制。同时，鼓手也开始试用切分等技巧，改棍为刷，增加了钹、铃、木模及其它成套设备。
　　（3）Armstrong在乐器上比先前的爵士号手都伟大，他激励年轻号手成乐器大师，爵士号演奏“职业化”，重视乐器提高音乐“质量”，成了爵士乐器演奏印证。 21世纪教育网版权所有
　 （4）他旋律想象丰富，为爵士增添宝贵片段及即兴的革新法。他扩展了小号在爵士乐中独奏的表达。
24年进入 Fletcher Henderson 乐团，25年在芝加哥录了第一张主奏的作品。从此以后20年代他的乐团所录的演奏音乐，真的可以说已成为今日一切爵士乐原型的决定性演奏。绰号叫Satchmo。他不仅是一位伟大的小喇叭演奏者，同时也是爵士乐史上最初的天才音乐家，包括他的歌声对爵士乐的影响都无法估计。www.21-cn-jy.com
人物评价
　　他是爵士乐史上永恒的灵魂人物，他即兴的演奏和歌唱能像月光一样轻盈，也能低沉如在阴沟里垂死的街头混混留下的血滴。此专辑收录他由最早期的1923年一路至1967年共34首曲目，年代涵盖相当广泛，被世人称为“爵士圣经”。2·1·c·n·j·y
　　他的音乐在世界环绕了已近80年，他的音乐至今无人可及。可以说，他是永恒的爵士乐之王。 他即兴的演奏和歌唱像月光般轻盈，为爵士音乐的发展带来一股清风。而20年代他的乐团所录制的演奏音乐，深深影响着当今一切爵士乐原型的演奏，他的歌声对爵士乐的影响更是无法估量。他是爵士乐的奠基人，是真正的爵士天才。在对传统音乐的惯用手法进行了仔细的研究后，阿姆斯壮大胆创新，开创独特的艺术风格，他的艺术造诣和人格魅力，都为后世音乐天才们所敬仰。1999年，肯尼吉在新专辑中通过高科技，跨越时空，与阿姆斯壮合作演奏了经典的的《what a wonderful world》（多美好的世界），在音乐界传为佳话。在全世界范围内，他崇高的声誉更加与卓别林、巴勃罗·鲁伊斯·毕加索和莎士比亚旗鼓相当。 阿姆斯壮拥有令人羡慕的小号演奏技巧和富创新精神的演唱方式，而他首创的拟声绝技（scat）根本就是他手中那把黄金小号的化身。大家能在这个物质城市的灯红酒绿觥筹交错之外，感受到那份遥远而真实地抚慰着我们灵魂的浪漫与激情，以及体贴着我们低微而脆弱的心灵的声音。
　　再来说一个也许已经不太新鲜的故事，十三岁路易斯阿姆斯特朗因在一次新年庆祝活动中开枪而被逮捕，被关进了新奥尔良的“流浪者之家”。自小学习短号的他在这里拿起了手鼓成为“流浪儿之家”乐队的一员，之后由于院内负责吹起床、吃饭、熄灯号的小号手因故离开，有短号基础的路易斯?阿姆斯特朗当仍不让地边学边用成了院内的新号手。而艺术家的潜质有时候就在这细枝末节上出现闪光，原本仅仅是一件用小号作为发声工具而起着提示的作用，但院内的却突然发现自从Louis Amstrong（路易斯?阿姆斯特朗）担任这个职务后，他们的觉睡得更安逸更香甜了。我真遗憾没能在这种小号声中起床、吃饭和熄灯，直觉得“流浪者之家”的那帮家伙真够幸运的，我想，在这样的号声中再肉味的俗世也必会透出一点幽雅来。
　　而在之后当然是路易斯?阿姆斯特朗独步江湖了，出身新奥良的他却把新奥良那种注重整体效果的清规戒律彻底地打破了，在每一首曲子中他都会将他那生性不安份的活泼与嬉皮通过小号精灵般地跳跃着。即兴的表演被大大的增加了，自由度终于在爵士乐里有了一种新的拓展，后世也将他称为爵士摇滚的先祖，我想单就这即兴也就不无道理了。
　　路易斯?阿姆斯特朗另一个独创就是他会在他的演唱中安排即兴的“喊叫”，这显然是当小号的即兴不再能满足喧泄的快感后最直接也最过瘾的一种方式，这种方式也在后来被Ella Fitzgerald（埃拉?菲茨杰拉德） Al Jarreau（艾乐?杰里）等爵士歌手交仿，当然也包话更后来的众多摇滚歌手。
　　路易斯?阿姆斯特朗是一个横跨爵士和流行，兼为歌手和乐手的响当当的爵士大腕，仅管很多圈内圈外的人对他后期终情于献媚娱乐圈表示了遗憾，米尔斯?戴维斯也对他在台上面对白人听众时龇牙而笑的“表演欲”提出过严厉的批评，但他对于爵士乐界的影响和贡献是毋用置疑的。
　　听着Louis Amstrong（路易斯?阿姆斯特朗）搞笑的插科打诨，时而演奏、时而演唱、时而嬉皮、时而忧郁的现场，还有CD转录时也转不掉的嘶嘶沙沙声，而那正是胶木老唱片特有的魅力所在，在恍惚中真觉得仿佛回到了过去——一种假想的属于爵士乐的年代。21教育网
他有着令人眩目的小号演奏技巧和富创新精神的演唱方式， 20年代他的乐团所录的演奏音乐，真的可以说已成为今日一切爵士乐原型的决定性演奏。他不仅是一位伟大的小喇叭演奏者，同时也是爵士乐史上最初的天才音乐家，包括他的歌声对爵士乐的影响都无法估计。 Armstrong Louis是纯粹的美国音乐的源泉，他的歌曲具有完美的定调和旋律。他即兴的演奏和歌唱能像月光一样轻盈。就像其他爵士音乐的革新者一样，他的影响贯穿爵士音乐和美国音乐，他成为美国式情感的指引者。
CHECKING CORNER
Part 1 INTRODUCTION, READING AND VOCABULARY & READING AND WRITING【版权所有：21教育】
I. 根据方框内所给的英文释义及所给单词的首字母提示，写出该单词的正确形式并用其适当形式完成下列句子。
a. s________ complicated
b. t________ a special way of doing something
c. t________ to influence someone emotionally
d. v________ relating to the voice or done with the voice
e. a________ a method of doing something or dealing with a problem
f. e________ to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something
1. The TV report about the children’s work for charity ________ thousands of people’s hearts.
2. The famous singer Li Shuangjiang’s ________ range is astonishing.
3. Honeybees use one of the most ________ communication systems of any insect.
4. He decided to adopt a different ________ and teach the text through story-telling.
5. The young man ________ from the sea, blue with cold.
6. There are various ________ for dealing with industrial pollution.
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The music teacher asked us to do the exercises with slow _______ (move).
2. The musician is well known for his ________ (improvise).2·1·c·n·j·y
3. The children are curious about the ________ (rhythm) sound of the train.
III. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子，每空一词。
1. Has industry in Britain been ________ ________ (减少) since the 1970s?
2. In order to solve the problem, I must work ________ ________ ________ (肩并肩) with him.
3. We should ________ ________ ________ (利用) the Internet to gain knowledge.
4. She was busy with writing ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (而不是在读报纸).
5. Make a list of what you have to do, and put the tasks ________ ________ (有序地) with the most important at the top.
6. The scientists had ________ ________ (试用) thousands of chemicals before they found the right one.
7. His usual breakfast ________ ________ (包括) only soup, a sandwich, and milk.
8. The moment I turned on the radio, the little girl started to ________ ________ (随着……跳舞) the music.
9. Lucy ________ ________ ________ (厌烦) the conversation and went back to her bedroom.
10. The school is ________ ________ (实验) new teaching methods.
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Part 2 GRAMMAR, FUNCTION & EVERYDAY ENGLISH
I. 将划线部分补充完整。
1. When young, Tom studied Russian.
????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????
2. —What have you been doing?
—Watching TV .
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3. —Joe won’t come.
—Why? Is he very busy?
?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
4. —It seems that Jack has learned the truth.
—Yes, he seems to have.
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
5. It is not so hot today as yesterday .
??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
6. — Do you think it will rain?
—I guess so.
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. This restaurant wasn’t _____ that other restaurant we went to.? (2012新课标全国卷)
A. half as good as ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. as half good as
C. as good as half??? ????????? D. good as half as
2. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____. (北京2012)
A. some ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. less
C. much ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. more
3. The map is one of the best tools a man has _____ he goes to a new place. (上海2012)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A. whenever?? ?????????????????? B. whatever
C. wherever ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. however
4. I had hardly got to the office _____ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. (2012大纲全国卷II)
A. when ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. than
C. until ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. after
5. Mary made coffee ______ her guests were finishing their meal.(2010新课标全国卷)
A. so that ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. although
C. while ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. as if
6. Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one ______ it becomes available. ??(安徽2010)
A. as soon as ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. unless
C. as far as ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. until
7. The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. (福建2010)21世纪教育网版权所有
A. before ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. until
C. as ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. since
8. ______ she heard the news that the host team lost the game, Susan burst into tears.
A. As though ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. The moment
C. In case ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. Even if
III. 选用方框内合适的句子补全下列对话。
A. It is far too loud and annoying everyone.
B. Why are you inside listening to music on such a lovely day?
C. It’s her turn to call me.
D. What did you think of the concert?
1. —________
—It was okay but to be honest, classical music isn’t my cup of tea. I prefer pop.
2. —Why do I have to turn the music down?
—________ We didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days when we were young.【出处：21教育名师】
3. —Why don’t you call Susan and ask her to go to the movies with you?
—________ She always waits for me to call her.
4. —________ Why don’t you go for a walk?
—Walking is boring and I like listening to music as I chat online.
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Part 3 READING PRACTICE & CULTURAL CORNER
I. 根据本模块所学单词及各句句意和所给的提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. We can’t finish the work on s________. Could you give us five days more?
2. Among her many v________ are kindness, generosity and truthfulness.
3. A big crowd of demonstrators was p________ against cuts in health spending.
4. Mr. Li was a(n) ________ (先驱) in the field of biotechnology.
5. Tourism on the island has ________ (繁荣).
6. If we ________ (制定预算) carefully, we’ll be able to afford a new car.
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Internet connections through ________ (convention) phone lines are fairly slow.
2. My brother has been working as a computer ________ (consult) since he graduated.21·世纪*教育网
3. I couldn’t have managed at college if I hadn’t had an ________ (allow) from my parents.　　21*cnjy*com
4. It’s a ________ (refresh) change to see a losing team shaking hands and still smiling after a match.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
5. After he gave a ________ (humor) account of his journey, all the listeners laughed happily.21教育名师原创作品
6. The cities are full of ________ (migrate) looking for work.
III. 用适当的介词填空。
1. Jim could not concentrate ________ his studies and soon he left school.
2. The children sang ________ perfect harmony.
3. My father stood ________ silence, his arms crossed.21·cn·jy·com
4. It will be difficult to reach any sort of consensus ________ this issue.
5. His name is Alex, short ________ Alexander.
6. Most smokers have tried to quit smoking at least once in their lives, but ________ vain.
7. Lucy set off ________ a leisurely pace back to the hotel.
IV. 每空填一词，使上下两句话的意思相同或相近。
1. There’s a lot of disagreement between my wife and my mother.
→There’s a lot of ________ between my wife and my mother.
2. What a wonderful idea!
→What a ________ idea!
3. Your house is always so clean — how do you manage it with three children?
→Your house is always so ________ — how do you manage it with three children?
4. The government is controlling immigration strictly.
→The government is keeping ________ ________ on immigration.
5. We exchanged addresses with the people we met on holiday.21教育网
→We ________ addresses with the people we met on holiday.
V. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子，每空一词。
1. If we can’t ________ ________ ________ (如期完成), they won’t give us another contract.www-2-1-cnjy-com
2. My grandmother is 80 years old and she ________ ________ ________ (有幸享有) good health.
3. When will the new edition of the dictionary ________ ________ (出版)? I want to have one.
4. You have hurt her. You must say you are sorry and ________ ________ (请求) her forgiveness.
5. My son ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (给……留下好印象) Mrs. Brown by helping her carry her suitcase.
6. Rose is ________ ________ (远远不) being pleased about it; on the contrary, she is very angry.
VI. 根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。
1. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。 (arise)
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? www.21-cn-jy.com
???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
2. 迈克一定很聪明，要不然他就进不了这所大学。?? (otherwise)
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21*cnjy*com
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3. 叫他别再笑我了。 (quit)
???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
4. 我弟弟把大部分时间用于绘画。(devote)
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
答案
Part 1
I. a. sophisticated? b. technique? c. touch? d. vocal? e. approach?? f. emerge
1. touched??? 2. vocal?? 3. sophisticated
4. approach? 5. emerged?? 6. techniques
II. 1. movements? 2. improvisation? 3. rhythmic
III. 1. in decline?? 2. side by side
3. take advantage of
4. rather than reading the newspaper
5. in order???? 6. tried out ? ? ?7. consists of
8. dance to??? ?9. was bored with
10. experimenting with
Part 2
I. 1. When he was young
2. I have been watching TV
3. Why won’t he come
4. he seems to have learned the truth
5. as it was yesterday?
6. I guess it will rain
II. 1-4 ADAA??? 5-8 CAAB
III. 1-4 DACB
Part 3
I. 1. schedule?? 2. virtues?? 3. protesting?? 4. pioneer? 5. boomed? 6. budget
II. 1. conventional ? 2. consultant? 3. allowance 4. refreshing? 5. humorous ?6. migrants2-1-c-n-j-y
III. 1. on? 2. in? 3. in? 4. on? 5. for? 6. in? 7. at
IV. 1. friction?? 2. super? 3. neat? 4. tight control?? 5. swapped
V. 1. meet the deadline ?2. is blessed with
3. come out ?? 4. beg / ask for ??5. made a good impression on? 6. far from
VI.
1. Use this money when the need arises.
2. Mike must be fairly intelligent, otherwise he wouldn’t have entered the university.
3. Tell him to quit laughing at me.
4. My brother has devoted most of his time to his painting.21cnjy.com
Module 4 Music Born in America
英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. Do you think Ann likes to make _____ impression on someone only because she wants to take _____ advantage of them in the future?
A. an; an ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. the; 不填
C. the; an? ????????????????? ?????? D. an; 不填
22. As usual, Dick’s schedule on Saturday was _____. In the morning, he had a meeting and in the afternoon, he attended a party.
A. tight ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. conventional
C. flexible ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. sophisticated
23. I wish you’d all quit _____ and take action to deal with the problem right now.
A. to complain ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. complaining
C. to be complaining ? ? ? ? ? D. having complained
24. We will be exploring different _____ to gathering information, so that we can solve the problem.
A. techniques?? ?????????? ?????? B. methods
C. approaches ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. ways
25. Though _____ to see us at his door, Mr. Li gave us a warm welcome.
A. being surprised? ????? ?????? B. he surprised
C. was surprised ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. surprised
26. —Remember the first time we met, John?
—Of course. You _____ in the library.
A. are reading ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. had read
C. have read ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. were reading
27. _____ he was declared to be the winner of the competition, Jim jumped for joy.
A.?Each time ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. By the time
C. The moment???????????? ????? ? D. The last moment
28. I would die with my head held high _____ live with knees bent.
A. rather than ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. other than
C. better than ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. more than
29. —How do you like this book?
—It is _____ as you could ever read.
A. an interesting story more ? B. interesting as a story21·cn·jy·com
C. as interesting a story???????? D. a more interesting story
30. Here are the first three books of the series; the fourth one is to _____ next year.
A. come out ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. try out
C. turn out ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. leave out
31. Problems _____ over plans to build a new supermarket here, so we had to make another plan.
A. boomed ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. raised?
C. arose ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. rose
32. Jim failed in the exam, _____ made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly.
A. when ?????? ???????????????????????? B. which
C. where ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. that
33. Betty is so lucky to be _____ such a beautiful singing voice.
A. bored with ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. blessed with
C. devoted to ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. related to
34. We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we _____ here by lunch time.
A. would have been ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. would be
C. were ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. are
35. —_____ I’m trying to do my homework.
—Yes. Sorry, I didn’t realise it was so loud.
A. Why are you inside listening to music?
B. What’s going on?
C. Is the music your cup of tea?
D. Can you turn the TV down a bit?
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★☆☆☆
My day started just like all the other days for the past 15 years. While on the train for work I always chose a seat away from the crowd ?36 ?I could read the newspaper in peace. Today the train was unusually ?37 . With hesitation (犹豫) I sat down in the only seat available beside a middle-aged man with his head ?38 , lost in thought.
Soon I found myself ?39 ?why he didn’t even see me sitting next to him. I tried to ?40 ?it, however, a ?41 ?kept forcing me to talk to him. 21教育网
I eventually ?42 ?an excuse to ask him a question. He looked really ?43 ?as he still had some tears rolling down his face though he attempted to ?44 ?them away. I couldn’t describe how I felt seeing someone in so much ?45 .
We talked for about 20 minutes and in the end he seemed to be ?46 ?and thanked me for being an angel to take the time to ?47 . I was glad I listened to the voice that day.
Several weeks had passed when I noticed a(n) ?48 ?on my desk. It was not addressed to anyone and only had the word “Angel” written on it. Inside it there was a letter from the man I met on the train ?49 ?me again for talking to him and ?50 ?his life that day.
In fact, he had so many very ?51 ?personal problems that he was planning to end his ?52? that day. In his letter he went on to explain that I was an angel to ?53 ?him from taking his life.
I don’t know what the voice was that made me take a chance and talk to a ?54 ?but I do know that it made a ?55 ?in someone’s life that day.
36. A. though ? ? ? ? ? ? B. so C. if?????????????? ????????????? D. unless
37. A. full????? ????????????? B. slow C. modern ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. early
38. A. up ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. back C. down???????? ????????????? D. around
39. A. asking??????????????? B. discovering C. accepting ? ? ? ? ? ? D. wondering
40. A. explain?????????????? B. make C. repeat ???????????????????? D. forget
41. A. goal ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. voice? C. task ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. person
42. A. came up with????? B. paid attention to C. gave up??????????????????? D. left out
43. A. moved??????????????? B. confused C. upset??????????????????????? D. anxious
44. A. put ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. throw???????? C. send?????????? ????????????? D. wipe
45. A. pain ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. thought????? C. joy ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. surprise
46. A. lower ? ? ? ? ? ? ??B. stronger???? C. better ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. sadder
47. A. wait ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. talk??????????? C. listen ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. travel
48. A. note ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. newspaper? C. book ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. envelope
49. A. showing????????????? B. thanking C. praising??????????????????? D. rewarding
50. A. costing ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. improving C. changing????????????????? D. saving
51. A. hurtful ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. powerful C. useful ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. wonderful
52. A. trip ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. life??????????? C. dream ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. hope
53. A. prevent?????????????? B. protect C. separate ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. teach
54. A. seller??? ????????????? B. driver??????? C. stranger????? ????????????? D. colleague
55. A. mistake?????????????? B. decision C. difference???????????????? D. promise
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
★★☆☆☆
After Olivia Collins read a magazine article about raising backyard hens, she wanted to care for her own baby chicks and watch them grow into hens, which would provide fresh organic (有机的) eggs for her family.
Olivia talked to her parents about having hens as pets, and they said that it would be fun as well as a great way to further their interest in organic foods. But the family discovered that in their town it was against the law to keep backyard hens. So Olivia sent an e-mail to a city councilman. “I am a 10-year-old girl and I’d like to talk to you about a neighborhood pet issue,” she wrote.
After meeting with Olivia, the councilman agreed to discuss her request at the next city council meeting. Olivia made a poster for the councilman to take to the meeting. The poster listed facts about hens. Some of those facts included that hens produce eggs, provide fertilizer (肥料) for gardens, and even eat mosquitoes. She pointed out that hens are quiet and can lay eggs without the help of noisy roosters.
The councilman presented Olivia’s facts, but the council wasn’t convinced yet.
So Olivia and her parents collected more than 300 signatures from the locals in support of changing the law to allow hens in town. They came up with a slogan: “Give Hens a Chance”. They made T-shirts and even started a website.
Five months later, the final vote (表决) went in front of the council. The answer came back yes!
These days you can find Olivia tending to her six “girls”. Each hen lays about one egg a day. They live in a cage that Olivia’s parents made out of a part of their garage. They also have an outdoor area to run around in.
56. Olivia’s parents’ attitude towards her having hens as pets was _____.
A. curious???????????????????
B. doubtful???????????
C. supportive????????
D. unconcerned
57. Olivia had a talk with a city councilman in order to _____.2·1·c·n·j·y
A. attend a council meeting
B. introduce her organic foods
C. change a law about pet raising
D. start a website about pet raising
58. The facts Olivia listed on the poster showed _____.
A. how to raise hens
B. how to care for baby chicks
C. the challenges of raising hens
D. the benefits of raising hens
59. What do we know from the text?
A. Olivia’s request was finally refused by the council. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
B.? Many local people supported Olivia’s request.
C. Olivia raises not only hens but roosters.
D. Olivia sells the fresh eggs her hens lay.
?
B
★★☆☆☆
As they say, a good musician plays the music, not the instrument. Never was this truer than in the case of jug bands. Musicians in a jug band use ordinary, homemade instruments (along with some traditional instruments) to make beautiful music. And old-fashioned washboard becomes a rhythm instrument. A pair of ordinary kitchen spoons helps to keeps the beat. Of course, a jug band always has an empty jug used as a wind instrument (管乐器).
Jug bands have long been a part of the world of jazz and blues music. African-American musicians created this style of music around the beginning of the 20th century in Louisville, Kentucky. Later, jug bands became popular in other river towns like Memphis, Tennessee, and New Orleans, Louisiana. Traditional instruments like the guitar and the violin were already popular in southern music. When musicians discovered they could play musical notes with jugs, the jug band was born.
So how do you play a jug, anyway? You just hold the jug close to your lips to make it vibrate (振动). The jug helps to make the sound louder. What about the other homemade instruments? Scrape (刮) the washboard with a hard object. Hit the spoons together against your leg or against a cooking pan. Early jug band musicians used whatever they had available to make musical instruments. Some of them even made guitars out of cigar boxes.
You really have to hear the sound of a jug band to appreciate this fascinating style of music. Find some videos online, or if you like, attend a jug band festival. The National Jug Band Jubilee in Louisville, Kentucky, is just one of the festivals devoted to preserving (保护) “America’s happiest music.” Soon you’ll be clapping along with all the other fans of this delightful music. Maybe you’ll want to make your own instrument and join in the fun.
60. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A. Jug band musicians and music really exist.
B. Jug band musicians can make music without instruments.
C. Jug bands have the best musicians and the best instruments.
D. Jug band musicians make great music even on common instruments.
61. What can we learn about jug band music from the text?
A. It is a type of jazz and blues music.
B. It is played on electronic instruments.
C. It was created at the end of the 20th century.
D. It is a fascinating style of music born in Africa.2-1-c-n-j-y
62. In the last paragraph, the author mainly invites readers to _____.
A. make their own instruments
B. appreciate jug band music
C. preserve jug band music
D. attend the National Jug Band Jubilee
?
C
★★★☆☆
Is it wrong to use someone else’s wireless (wi-fi) connection? Just recently, a man was arrested for doing just that. At that time, he was sitting in the street with a laptop and using an unsecured (无安全保护措施的) wireless connection to surf the Net. What do you think about this topic? Listen to the following different views on it.
For a start, if someone is using your Internet service or downloading, this will affect your speed of access or download limit. Also, it’s bad for Internet service providers. They will suffer in the long run because fewer people will pay for an Internet service if they know they can get it for free. And finally, just imagine this: what if the person who is stealing your Internet connection is involved in an illegal activity? I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals.
? —by Sandra Wilkins
Basically, if the person who paid for the service still has everything they paid for, what’s the problem? It’s just like using the light from streetlamps to read your book, or watching someone else’s firework display. It’s not stealing.【出处：21教育名师】
Also, if you leave your wireless connection unsecured, then it is your own fault if someone else uses it. Just as you wouldn’t leave your front door unlocked, or your car door open, neither should you leave your wireless connection open. By leaving your wireless connection open, you are inviting people to use it. Securing your wireless connection is as easy as clicking a few settings on your router (路由器). And finally, haven’t the police got more important crimes to solve? They’re always saying how they haven’t got the manpower to solve real issues. But this is just ridiculous.
?—by James Hoarley
63. Why was the man mentioned in the first paragraph arrested?
A. For stealing someone’s laptop.
B. For surfing the Net in the street.
C. For destroying others’ wireless connection.
D. For using an Internet service without permission.
64. What does Sandra Wilkins think of people using others’ Internet service?
A. He thinks it is unacceptable.??????????????????
B. He thinks it is necessary sometimes.
C. He thinks it requires good computer skills.????????????
D. He thinks it is good for Internet service providers.? 21·世纪*教育网
65. In James Hoarley’s opinion, _____.
A. Internet service should be improved
B. it is hard to secure one’s wireless connection
C. people should leave their wireless connection open
D. using others’ Internet service is not stealing at all
66. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Wireless connection??
B. Wireless worries
C. Internet service????????
D. Internet users
?
D
★★★☆☆
SAN FRANCISCO — Riding a motorcycle can be fun, but being in an accident is not. Driving a car is safer, but traffic and parking can be annoying.
What if you got rid of the disadvantages of both? You might try the C-1, an electric motorcycle. For protection, the bike has a metal shell and is controlled like a car. Two big gyroscopes (陀螺仪) under the floor are designed to keep it from falling over when stopped, or even when struck from the side in an accident. Its top speed is 120 miles an hour. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Lit Motors is developing the C-1. Its 33-year-old CEO, Daniel Kim, was repairing a 500-pound car eight years ago when the car nearly crushed (压碎) him. The experience got him considering making a smaller and lighter car.
Fully electric vehicles have long been a dream among environmentalists and technologists, but companies have found it hard to mass-produce cheap and useful fully electric vehicles. But Lit Motors, with just 10 people on staff, thinks their motorcycle can bring the benefits of an electric vehicle even to those who aren’t rich.
The main reason in the high price of electric vehicles is the battery, whose technology has made slow progress, so vehicle batteries are still expensive, said Dan Sperling, a professor at the University of California. He thinks another challenge is that most people are not ready to buy electric vehicles yet because the vehicles can’t give high reliability (可靠性) all the time.
Mr. Kim has plans to solve these problems. The motorcycle is lighter than a car so its batteries can be smaller and cheaper. To improve reliability, the system is equipped with more parts than it actually needs.
The C-1’s gyroscopes allow it to balance itself. Only one gyroscope is needed to keep balance, but there are always two running. Each gyroscope has spare computer chips, controllers and sensors (传感器), so if any one of those fails, there are extras to run it.
67. What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A. To introduce an electric motorcycle.
B. To compare motorcycles with cars.
C. To show driving a car can be inconvenient.
D. To show it is dangerous to ride a motorcycle.
68. What can we learn about the C-1 according to the text?
A. It has a top speed of 100 mph.
B. It is money-saving and safe to ride.
C. It has been produced in large quantities.
D. It needs two gyroscopes to keep balance.
69. What do we know about fully electric vehicles?
A. Their batteries run out quickly.
B. It takes a long time to produce them.
C. They are heavy and hard to balance.
D. They are popular with environmentalists.
70. It can be learned from the text that _____.
A. the C-1 will replace cars in the future
B. the C-1 is a kind of fully electric vehicle
C. Daniel Kim began making the C-1 ten years ago
D. the C-1 needs larger batteries than other cars
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Understanding budget planning
The idea of creating and living on a budget has a great effect on us, but by understanding budget planning, you can meet financial goals easily.
Establish your goals.
? 71? ?Without budgeting goals, the budget would be much like a route without a destination. For personal budgeting, the goal may be to reach a certain dollar amount by retirement. ??72?
Review your income sources.
In order for a budget to be effective, you must take into account your income sources. ??73? ?By monitoring these sources, you will be able to clearly see your money inflows (流入), which you can use to either pay expenses (开支) or put toward the goal of the budget.
Review your expenses.
In order to build an effective budget, you should record all of your expenses to clearly show you where you spend money each month. ??74? ?Thus you can gain ideas of where to reduce expenses for the budget.
? 75?
After you set your budget goals and monitor income and expenses, the next step is building a budget that accomplishes your financial goal. Based on your levels of income and expenses, you can determine if the budget will meet its goal. In order to reach the budget goal, you may have to increase the level of income, decrease expenses or establish a combination of the two.
A. Build the budget.
B. Start with your fixed bills.
C. Next record your monthly income.
D. Such sources may include jobs, and side business income.
E. Before even setting up a budget, decide what you’d like to accomplish.
F. By reviewing all expenses, it’s possible to see where each cent goes.
G. The first and most important step is to find out why you are creating a budget.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Nowadays, heavy traffic has been become a big problem in many cities. It has serious affected people’s daily life. As matter of fact, the traffic pressure can be reduced if we take some measure. In my opinion, first, some streets should be widened to speed up the flow of buses and cars. They are so old and narrow to adapt for the new traffic situation. Second, build up more subways and adds more buses. At the same time, buses should have their own special routes, that cannot be used by another vehicles. Third, the number of private cars should be brought under control. Beside, people should obey the rules when walking across the street.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英文报社对学生学习时是否有听音乐的习惯进行问卷调查。请根据以下内容，结合自己的情况用英语写一篇短文。
关于中学生学习时听音乐的习惯的调查问卷
1. 你平时是否有边听音乐边学习的习惯？
□A. 一直如此? ? ? ?□B. 经常如此? ? ? ? ??□C. 偶尔如此? ? ?? ? ?□D. 从未有过
2. 你边听音乐边学习的主要原因是什么？
□A. 避免周围环境打扰? □B. 放松心情? ? ? ? ? ?
□C. 增加学习乐趣? ? ??□D. 提高学习效率
3. 学习时，你一般会选择听何种音乐？
□A. 轻音乐? ? ? ? ??□B. 动感的摇滚乐????□C. 轻柔的流行音乐? ?□D. 不确定
4. 你在什么情况下通常不听音乐？
□A. 解决数学难题时? ??□B. 学习新知识时? ? ?□C. 复习旧知识时? ? ??□D. 任何情况下都听
注意：1. 词数：100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 【版权所有：21教育】
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
选做题
I. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★★☆☆
Albert was mad about computer games. He always spent hours and hours in front of the ?1 . When people encouraged him to get involved with ?2 ?life, he would say: “This is my doorway to the world.”
Among all his games there was one he especially ?3 . In it he would collect turtles on many levels and screens.
One day, ?4 , he ran to his room to switch the ?5 ?on as soon as he got home from school. But this time he heard some strange noises; ?6 ?the screen broke, and from inside came hundreds of ?7 . Albert was scared and he didn’t ?8 ?what was happening and called to his parents to see if he was dreaming this. On ?9 , his parents were surprised. Seeing that the turtles were staying in Albert’s room, they finally decided to make them his ?10 .
Looking after hundreds of turtles, day after day, was no ?11 ?task. Over the following days Albert set himself to ?12 ?all he could about turtles and he even began to ?13 ?ways to feed them. He also tried to trick them into leaving his room, ?14 ?it never worked. However, he gradually ?15 ?living among turtles, and actually began to ?16 ?it. He felt happy that they were part of his world and forgot about his computer.
That same day, just as ?17 ?as they had arrived, the turtles disappeared. Albert’s parents worried that he would return to his video games, but that didn’t ?18 . Albert emptied his savings from his piggy bank (存钱罐) and went straight down to the pet shop. He came back with a turtle, a bird and some fish he wanted to ?19 .
Today Albert still ?20 ?the computer, not for playing games but for discovering new things about animals and nature.
1. A. house????????????????????B. screen C. zoo ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?D. school
2. A. early ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. busy C. modern??????????????????????????D. normal
3. A. designed ? ? ?? ? B. prepared C. liked ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?D. feared
4. A. at once ? ? ? ? ? B. in general C. after all ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. as usual
5. A. light ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. radio?? C. computer ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. television
6. A. suddenly???????????????B. luckily C. obviously ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. finally
7. A. pigs ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. turtles C. birds ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. fish
8. A. believe ? ? ? ? ? B. forget C. prove ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. doubt
9. A. leaving ? ? ? ? ? B. entering C. stopping ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? D. dreaming
10. A. fault ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. excuse C. responsibility ? ? ? ? ? D. chance
11. A. exciting ? ? ?? ?B. satisfactory C. important ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. easy
12. A. learning ? ? ?B. accepting C. considering ? ? ? ? ? D. selling
13. A. discuss ? ? ? ? ?B. think up? C. change ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. get into
14. A. for ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. so? C. but ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. or
15. A. got used to ? ? B. paid attention to C. put off ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. gave up
16. A. remember ? ? ? ?B. admire?????? C. control ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?D. enjoy
17. A. safely ? ? ? ? ? B. quickly? C. carefully ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. normally
18. A. miss ? ? ? ? ? B. last? C. happen ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. fail
19. A. give away ? ? ?? B. look after C. work out ? ? ? ? ? ? D. pay for
20. A. decorates ? ? ? ??B. uses? C. buys ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. borrows
II. 阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
★★★☆☆
The Caribbean nation of Haiti has a major garbage problem. Plastic bags and other waste litter many of Haiti’s streets. In an effort to clean up the country, the Haitian government has banned black plastic bags and foam containers (泡沫容器).
Plastic is dangerous to the environment and the animals. However, many poor people in Haiti rely on disposable (一次性的) containers because they cannot afford reusable ones. Protests (抗议) broke out when the ban was first put in place because many citizens thought the government was forbidding them to use those plastic bags they use to transport drinking water. For now, those plastic bags are exempt, or not part of the ban. www.21-cn-jy.com
The ban was passed on October 1. Recent reports show that many citizens have not followed the ban just yet. Leaders and environmentalists believe it will take some time before it is widely obeyed.
Government officials hope that the ban will reduce cleanup costs nationwide. And some leaders believe that the existing plastic and foam trash can even be recycled into building materials.
Ubuntublox are building blocks made by filling recycled plastic and foam into rice bags. Leaders hope to see these used to rebuild the countless homes that Haiti lost two years ago during a great earthquake. Because the blocks are highly flexible, the new houses will also not fall apart during earthquakes.
According to Harvey Lacey, inventor of the Ubuntublox, the blocks are also good for rebuilding the weak Haitian economy (经济). Lacey says, “There would be work for those willing and able to pick up the plastic trash. ... And of course there would be companies who would use the new construction material to create housing.”
Although Haiti has a long road ahead, many citizens are tired of their trash troubles. Stephen Italien lives in Cite Soleil, a trash-filled town in Haiti. He tells Reuters news agency, “We hope that people respect the ban, and that the measure stays, because that is what bothers us the most.”
1. The ban passed on October 1 _____.
A. has been widely obeyed
B. costs too much to carry out
C. is beneficial to the environment
D. leads to the rising prices of reusable bags
2. The underlined word “exempt” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.
A. local???????????????????????
B. usable ??????
C. private???????????????????? ????
D. popular
3. What can we learn about Ubuntublox?
A.?They?are?made?from?rice?and?plastic.
B.?They?are?widely?used?to?build?houses.
C.?They?were?invented?by?a?government?official.
D.?They are unlikely to be destroyed by earthquakes. www-2-1-cnjy-com
4. Stephen Italien’s attitude towards the government’s ban is _____.
A. unconcerned???????????????????
B. doubtful
C. positive??????????????????????????
D. negative
5. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Haiti is recovering
B. Haiti says no to plastic
C. Haiti has a long way to go
D. Haiti suffers from earthquakes
答案
Book 7 Module 4参考答案及部分解析
参考答案
21-25 DABCD ? ? 26-30 DCACA
31-35 CBBAD? ??? ??36-40 BACDD?? ? 41-45 BACDA
46-50 CBDBD ???? ??51-55 ABACC ? ? 56-60 CCDBD
61-65 ABDAD ???? ??66-70 BABDB ? ? ?71-75 GEDFA
短文改错：
76. ... has been become ...?????????去掉been
77. ... has serious affected ... ? ? serious → seriously21cnjy.com
78. As matter of fact ...??????????????? matter前加a21教育名师原创作品
79. ... take some measure. ? ? ? ? ?measure → measures
80. They are so old ...????????????????? so → too
81. ... to adapt for ... ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?for → to
82. ... adds more buses. ? ? ? ? ? ? ?adds → add
83. ... that cannot be ...??????????????? that → which
84. ... by another vehicles. ????????? another → other
85. Beside, people should ... ? ? ? ?Beside → Besides
One possible version:
I’m in the habit of listening to music when studying. Music makes me feel more relaxed and less tired. Besides, I find it can help me concentrate on the subject that I’m studying. By listening to music, I can study more effectively and improve my scores. From various types of music, I choose light music and sometimes soft pop music to listen to rather than noisy rock or rap.
Although listening to music is really good for study, I won’t listen to it while gaining new knowledge. The reason is that listening to music can reduce my ability to memorizing things.
?
部分解析
单项填空：
21. D。make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象；take advantage of利用。
22. A。从第二句可以看出迪克周六的日程安排像平时一样紧凑（tight），故选A项。conventional按惯例的，传统的；flexible灵活的；sophisticated复杂的。
23. B。quit意为“停止”，后跟动词作宾语时，要用动词-ing形式。
24. C。approach to ... 做……的方法。technique后跟介词for或of；method常与介词of连用；way用于the way to do sth.或the way of doing sth.结构。
25. D。当从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致，且谓语动词中有be时，从句中的主语和be可以省略。该句补充完整为Though he was surprised ...。
26. D。答语部分省略了时间状语从句the first time we met，故主句用过去进行时。
27. C。each time ... 每次……的时候；by the time ... 到……时为止；the moment ... 一……就……；the last moment ... 最后一刻……。题意：吉姆一被宣布为获胜者，他就高兴地跳了起来，故用the moment引导时间状语从句。
28. A。would ... rather than ... 宁愿……而不愿……。
29. C。在同级比较as ... as结构中，如果as后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前面有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，形成“as +形容词+ a(n) +单数可数名词+ as”结构。在否定句中可用not so ... as结构。
30. A。come out出版，发行；try out实验；turn out在场，露面；leave out省略，遗漏。题中指“第四本书明年出版”。
31. C。题意：有关在这儿建新超市的计划出现（arose）了一些问题，所以我们必须重新制定另外一个计划。boom繁荣，兴起；raise举起，引起；rise上升，起身。21世纪教育网版权所有
32. B。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，且该代词指代整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语，故选which。
33. B。根据题意可知，贝蒂能拥有这么美的歌喉真是幸运。be blessed with拥有，享有，符合语境。be bored with厌倦；be devoted to献身于；be related to有关，涉及。
34. A。otherwise在此意为“否则，要不然”，表示与前述内容相反的条件，故用虚拟语气；同时由“我们在机场被耽搁了”可知，otherwise后的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用would have done结构。
35. D。根据答语“可以。对不起，我没有意识到声音那么高”可知发话者建议对方声音小点，故选D项。
完形填空：
话题：人际关系
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次搭话挽救了一个人的生命。
36. B。“chose a seat away from the crowd”和“read the newspaper in peace”之间是因果关系，故选用so。　　21*cnjy*com
37. A。由下文的the only seat可知，今天的火车非常“拥挤 (full)”。
38. C。由lost in thought以及下文的he didn’t even see me sitting next to him可知，那个中年男人“低着头 (with his head down)”，陷入沉思之中。
39. D。由why he didn’t even see me sitting next to him和I tried to ... kept forcing me to talk to him可知，“我”“很想知道(wondering)”他为什么没有看到坐在他身边的“我”。
40. D。根据however的转折意义及however后的kept forcing me to talk to him可知，作者开始试图打消这个念头。
41. B。由下文的I was glad I listened to the voice that day以及what the voice was that made me ... talk to可知，有个“声音 (voice) ”驱使“我”跟他交谈。
42. A。由下文的We talked for about 20 minutes可知，“我”终于“找出了(came up with)” 一个和他说话的理由。
43. C。由下文的he still had some tears rolling down his face可知，那个男人当时很“难过(upset)”。
44. D。he still had some tears rolling down his face说明，尽管他试图“擦去 (wipe away)”眼泪，但眼泪还是止不住往下流。
45. A。中年男人的流泪和伤心说明他很“痛苦(pain)”。
46. C。中年男人感谢“我”，由此可知交谈了大约20分钟后，他的情绪好了“很多 (better)”。
47. B。由上文“我”找借口和那个男人说话可知，他感谢“我”花时间和他“交谈 (talk)”。
48. D。由下文的Inside it there was a letter from the man I met on the train可知，“我”的桌子上有一个“信封(envelope)”。
49. B。由上文的thanked me for being an angel和下文的again for talking to him可知，他再次对“我”表示“感谢(thanking)”。
50. D。下文的he was planning to ... taking his life可知，中年男子有烦心事，想结束生命，“我”和他的交谈让他改变想法，因而是“我”“救了(saving)”他一命。
51. A。中年男人想轻生是因为他遇到了“令他痛苦的(hurtful)”个人问题。
52. B。由下文的taking his life可知，中年男人想要结束的是“生命(life)”。take / end one’s life有“自杀，结束生命”之意。
53. A。“我”像天使一样，使中年男人不再轻生。prevent sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事。
54. C。中年男人是“我”在火车上偶遇的“陌生人(stranger)”。
55. C。“我”找借口和中年男人交谈，结果打消了他轻生的念头。这说明了“我”的做法对别人的人生产生了影响。made a difference有影响，有作用。
阅读理解：
A篇（兴趣）
本文是记叙文。文章介绍了十岁女孩Olivia为了饲养宠物母鸡而努力改变相关法律的故事。
56. C。推理判断题。根据第二段的they said that it would be fun as well as a great way to further their interest in organic foods以及最后一段的a cage that Olivia’s parents made out of a part of their garage可知，Olivia的父母支持她饲养母鸡。
57. C。细节理解题。根据第二段的in their town it was against the law to keep backyard hens ... I’d like to talk to you about a neighborhood pet issue以及第五段的in support of changing the law to allow hens in town等可知，Olivia与议员会面是为了更改一项关于城市不准饲养母鸡的法律。
58. D。推理判断题。根据第三段Olivia所写的事实（母鸡可以下蛋、给花园提供肥料、吃蚊子、不需要公鸡就可以下蛋）可知，她给议员提交的海报说明了饲养母鸡的好处。
59. B。细节理解题。根据最后四段内容可知，Olivia的请求（更改关于城市不准饲养母鸡的法律）一开始并未得到议会的同意，Olivia一家通过收集当地人的签名支持、制作印有标语的T恤、建立网站，最终使得议会通过她的请求。由此可知B项正确。21*cnjy*com
B篇（文娱）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了诞生于美国的坛罐音乐。
60. D。句意理解题。文章首句“好的乐手演奏的是音乐，而不是乐器”引出本文介绍的jug bands。划线部分是为了进一步说明好的乐手即便使用普通的乐器也能演奏出美妙的音乐。坛罐乐队的乐手即是这种乐手。
61. A。细节理解题。由文章第一、二段可知，坛罐音乐属于爵士和蓝调音乐的一部分，由非裔美洲人于二十世纪初在美国路易斯维尔市开创。坛罐乐队以传统乐器并配以坛、罐、锅、桶等打击乐器来奏出音乐。
62. B。推理判断题。本文从演奏乐器、演奏方式、起源、相关节日等方面介绍了一种诞生于美国的音乐种类——坛罐音乐。作者在最后一段邀请读者欣赏这种被称为“美国最快乐的音乐”。
C篇（热点话题）
本文是议论文。文章对使用别人的无线网络是不是偷盗行为进行了讨论。
63. D。细节理解题。文章首段第一句Is it wrong to use someone else’s wireless (wi-fi) connection?是本文讨论的中心内容，后文引出的例子是为进一步讨论作铺垫。根据第一段内容可知，这个人被捕是因为他未经许可便使用他人的无线网络。
64. A。推理判断题。根据第二段Sandra Wilkins的个人看法affect your speed of access or download limit ... it’s bad for Internet service providers ... I think the police are totally right to arrest these criminals等可知，他反对使用他人的无线网络。
65. D。细节理解题。根据James Hoarley的观点if the person ... It’s not stealing可知，James Hoarley认为使用他人的无线网络不算偷盗。
66. B。标题归纳题。由文章首段的Is it wrong to use someone else’s wireless (wi-fi) connection?和What do you think about this topic? Listen to the following different views on it可知，本文是对使用别人的无线网络是对是错的讨论。作者列举了Sandra Wilkins和James Hoarley的不同观点。B项“无线网络之忧”符合本文主旨。
D篇（现代技术）
本文是说明文。文章介绍了Daniel Kim正在研制的一种经济适用、安全舒适的电动摩托车。
67. A。写作目的题。在第一段中，作者提到骑摩托车有趣但不安全，开车较安全但（拥挤的）交通及停车很让人心烦。接下来便介绍了一种安全又方便的电动摩托车。由此可知选A。What if ... both?起承上启下的作用。
68. B。推理判断题。由第二段的keep it from falling over when stopped, or even when struck from the side in an accident以及第四段的Lit Motors ... thinks their motorcycle can bring the benefits of an electric vehicle even to those who aren’t rich可知，C-1电动摩托车具有安全、省钱的特点。
69. D。细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知这种车很受环保人士青睐，故选D项。
70. B。推理判断题。根据第四段的... found it hard to mass-produce cheap and useful fully electric vehicles. But Lit Motors ... thinks their motocycle can bring the benefits of an electric vehicle even to those who aren’t rich可知，由Lit Motors研制开发的C-1摩托车即是fully electric vehicle的一种。
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选做题参考答案及解析
参考答案
I. 1-5 BDCDC????????????? 6-10 ABABC???????? 11-15 DABCA?????? 16-20 DBCBB
II. 1-5 CBDCB
解析
完形填空
话题：兴趣与爱好
本文是记叙文。一次非同寻常的经历让沉溺于电脑游戏的Albert回归到了正常的生活。
1. B。由文章首句Albert was mad about computer games可知，Albert沉迷于电脑游戏，每天花很多时间在电脑前。screen此处指电脑的屏幕。
2. D。“正常的(normal)生活”是相对于“Albert沉迷于电脑游戏的生活”而言的。
3. C。Albert喜欢电脑游戏。在所有游戏当中，一个通过升级收集乌龟的游戏他尤其“喜欢(liked)”。从下文的he ran to his room to switch the ... on可以看出。
4. D。5. C。Albert喜欢电脑游戏到了痴迷的程度，有一天，“像平时一样(as usual)”，他一进家门就去开“电脑(computer)”。
6. A。一开始是有奇怪的声音，然后是电脑屏幕破了。suddenly表示Albert这次经历的事情很突然。
7. B。从上文他最喜欢的游戏是收集乌龟和下文的Seeing that the turtles were staying及Looking after hundreds of turtles可知。
8. A。由下文的called to his parents to see if he was dreaming this可知，Albert不“相信(believe)”正在发生的事情。
9. B。由上文的he ran to his room, called to his parents to see可知，Albert应该是把他的父母叫到他的房间。entering指父母进到Albert的房间。
10. C。由下文的Looking after hundreds of turtles可知，看到如此多的乌龟，Albert的父母让他自己负起“责任(responsibility)”。
11. D。照顾几百只乌龟绝不是“容易的(easy)”事。
12. A。13. B。对于如何照顾乌龟，Albert需要“学习(learning)”关于乌龟的一切，甚至要“想(think up)”办法去喂乌龟。
14. C。“Albert想办法让乌龟离开房间”与“(办法)没有奏效”之间是转折关系，故用but。
15. A。16. D。由下文的He felt happy that they were part of his world可知，Albert逐渐地“习惯了(got used to)”与乌龟生活在一起，也“喜欢(enjoy)”上了这种生活。
17. B。此处的quickly与上文的suddenly相呼应。乌龟的消失和它们的到来一样突然。
18. C。由but一词的转折和最后一段内容可知，Albert 的父母原本担心乌龟的消失会让他重新回到游戏的世界，但他们担心的事情并没有“发生(happen)”。
19. B。根据上文描述的Albert发生的转变可知，此处是说他从宠物店买回了乌龟、鸟、鱼。look after照顾，符合语境。
20. B。对于Albert来说，经历这次非同寻常的事情之后，他“使用(uses)”电脑不再是玩游戏了，而是用来学习关于动物和自然的新知识。
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阅读理解
话题：热点话题
本文是新闻报道。文章报道了海地政府的一项禁令 —— 禁止使用黑色塑料袋和泡沫容器。
1. C。细节理解题。根据文章第一段的In an effort to clean up the country, the Haitian government has banned black plastic bags and foam containers和第二段的Plastic is dangerous to the environment可知，十月一日通过的禁令有利于改善（海地的）环境。
2. B。词义猜测题。文章第二段指出，禁令刚颁布的时候遭到了市民的抗议，他们以为政府禁止他们使用装饮用水的塑料袋，但现在这些塑料袋不属于禁令的一部分。因此exempt此处有“可以使用的”之意。or后的内容也解释了这一点。
3. D。细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知选D项。
4. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段Stephen Italien说的希望人们能够尊重这项禁令并继续保持这项措施可知，他对政府的禁令表示支持。
5. B。标题归纳题。本文讲了海地政府为了治理垃圾问题而执行的一项禁令以及这项禁令带来的好处。B项中的says no与ban相呼应，plastic则指明禁令的对象（plastic bags），故B项最符合文意。
Module 4 Music Born in America
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。21世纪教育网版权所有
When Henry Ford was a middle school student, he did not always pay attention to what his teachers said at school. One day, he and his good friend Tom took a watch apart. 21. ________ (annoy) and extremely upset, the teacher told them both to stay 22. ________ school. Their punishment was to stay until they fixed it. 23. ________ the teacher did not know young Ford’s genius. In about ten minutes, he had repaired 24. ________ watch and was on his way home. 2·1·c·n·j·y
Henry Ford was always interested in 25. ________ things worked. He once plugged up the spout (嘴) of a teapot and placed 26. ________ on the fire. Then he waited to see what 27. ________ (happen). The water boiled and, of course, turned 28. ________ steam. Because the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded. The explosion broke a mirror and a window. As a result, the young inventor was 29. ________ (bad) injured.
Ford’s years of curiosity paid off. He dreamed of a horseless carriage (运输工具). When he built 30. ________, the world of transportation was changed forever.
第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
★★☆☆☆
Charlie was a special boy. When he was little, he had an accident, which meant that he couldn’t walk. But that had never been a(n) ?31 ?for him; he had always been ?32 ?to be able to grow and become an older boy. They had started calling him Cheerful Charlie because his joyful and ?33 ?nature was so contagious (有感染力的).
There wasn’t any person who wasn’t 34 to see Charlie. “Cheer up, Mr. Postman. That way you’ll 35 more letters today than any other!” he would say, or “That was great, Mr. Taxi Driver. You 36 that thing better than anyone.” He also had great 37 and solutions for everything; and he 38 them so generously that, just about every day in that town, someone 39 something new, or did a great job of something, 40 Charlie.
One day, though, he 41 a really hard problem. A young boy, known as Waterworks, was a real crybaby. No matter what Charlie said to him, Waterworks would always find some 42 to be sad: “I don’t have many sweets ... I have to go to school, and I don’t 43 it ...” Everything seemed so 44 to him. But Cheerful Charlie wanted to 45 Waterworks. He spent more time with Waterworks, constantly trying to cheer him up, just as he did with everyone.
Then, one day, when the two of them were together in the street, someone 46 a pie from a window above, and it landed 47 on Charlie’s head. He got such a fright that he couldn’t even move his 48 . The two boys were speechless, and although Waterworks was just about to cry, he ?49 ?Charlie’s happy words so much that he finally said, “Wow, Charlie, that’s a nice clown mask (小丑面具) you just put on.”
And, on saying those words, Waterworks felt so good, that he finally 50 why Charlie was always so happy and cheerful.
31. A. excuse??????????????B. mistake C. pain ? ? ? ? ? ? D. problem
32. A. happy????????????????B. ashamed C. lonely?????????????????D. proud
33. A. considerate ? ?B. humorous C. enthusiastic ? ? ?D. sensitive
34. A. pleased ? ? ? ?B. surprised C. disappointed ? ?D. confident
35. A. read?????????????????B. write C. deliver ? ? ? ? ?D. receive
36. A. play???????????????B. park C. produce??????????????D. repair
37. A. beliefs???????????B. plans C. opinions???????????????D. ideas
38. A. enjoyed?????????B. kept C. shared?????????????????? D. collected
39. A. used??????????????B. invented C. noticed???????????????? D. bought
40. A. thanks to ? ?B. according to C. except for ? ? ? ? D. instead of
41. A. avoided ? ? B. faced C. discussed ? ? ? ? D. brought
42. A. purpose ? ? B. truth C. value????????????????? ???D. reason
43. A. expect ? ? ?B. need C. remember ? ? ? ? D. like
44. A. bad??????????????B. cool C. strange??????????????????D. important
45. A. blame?????????B. praise C. help ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. greet
46. A. dropped ? B. moved C. cooked????? ???????????? D. left
47. A. right???????????B. even C. still ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. ever
48. A. eyes????????? B. legs C. lips ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. hands
49. A. forgot ? ? B. missed????? C. doubted ? ? ? ? ? D. repeated
50. A. predicted???B. believed C. imagined ? ? ? D. understood
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A ★★☆☆☆
Have you ridden a Ferris wheel (摩天轮) lately? Can you imagine the flying feeling as you are pulled to the top and then swished down to the bottom again? Can you imagine the view as you look out over roofs and treetops?www.21-cn-jy.com
The first Ferris wheel was built for the 1893 World’s Fair, the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The people who planned the fair were looking for an attraction that would bring people to Chicago. The Eiffel Tower had been a great success for the fair in Paris in 1889, and they wanted something like that.
George Ferris submitted (提交) drawings of a large wheel that people could ride on. At first everyone laughed at his strange idea. But Mr. Ferris didn’t give up, and finally the idea was accepted. The ride opened in June of 1893.　　21*cnjy*com
Today a Ferris wheel is usually forty to sixty feet tall. That seems very high when you’re on the top looking down. But the first Ferris wheel was 264 feet high — taller than a twenty-story building! Besides, today’s Ferris wheels have twelve to sixteen seats, which each carry two or three people. But that first one had thirty-six enclosed cars, each holding sixty passengers. When filled, it carried 2,160 people.
After the fair the ride was moved to a nearby amusement park built especially to show off the wheel. In 1904 it was moved again — this time to St. Louis for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. After the fair in St. Louis closed, the wheel stood unused. In 1906 it was finally sold to a company for scrap metal (废金属). It took 200 pounds of dynamite (炸药) to bring it down.【版权所有：21教育】
Fortunately a Chicago bridge builder, W. E. Sullivan, figured out how to make a smaller Ferris wheel that could easily be taken apart and put together. In 1906 he started the company that still makes many of the Ferris wheels used today. But, whenever you ride one, remember that it all began with George Ferris’s strange idea!
51. The first Ferris wheel was built in order to _____.
A. earn more money for the fair
B. attract more people to the fair
C. compete with the Eiffel Tower
D. let people enjoy the flying feeling
52. At first, George Ferris’s idea about the Ferris wheel was _____.
A. hard to carry out????????????
B. welcomed by people
C. made fun of by people
D. discussed for a long time
53. The author develops the fourth paragraph mainly _____.
A. by process?????????????
B. by example
C. by comparison????????
D. by cause and effect
54. We can learn from the last paragraph that W. E. Sullivan _____.
A. was a Chicago house builder
B. was a friend of George Ferris
C. saw the first Ferris wheel in Paris
D. invented the Ferris wheels used today
B ★★★☆☆
Biking is an amazing family activity, but finding a route that can accommodate a wide-range of ages can be a challenge.
Lee McNeil and his family are avid (狂热的) bikers. They have seven children, from 4 to 24 years old. When looking for a route, they look for enough protection from traffic, good surface condition, easy access and interesting views.
With that in mind, here are some great routes for biking with your whole family, as suggested by McNeil.
Iron Horse Trail
This is the McNeil family’s favorite ride. The route is 26 miles and goes through the 2.1 mile Snoqualmie Tunnel.
“Beautiful views, the thrill of the tunnel, and places to stop and watch the rock climbers make it special,” McNeil said. “All our kids have taken their turn at braving the black tunnel for the first time, which we celebrate at the end of the ride.”
How to get there: If you prefer, check http://bit.ly/Mlt9y4 for more information.?
Centennial Trail
The Centennial Trail runs for 23 miles from Snohomish to Bryant. The trail is wide and smooth, and is safe for kids as it is off the roads. A nice stop is Lake Cassidy east of Marysville. A dock on the lake is fun to explore. It also has picnic tables and washrooms for a convenient lunch-time stop.
How to get there: The trail can be accessed from a number of trailheads. For a map, go to http://bit.ly/L5qCeY.
Cascade Trail
The Cascade Trail follows an abandoned Burlington Northern railroad grade for 23 miles between Sedro-Woolley and Concrete. Because it’s on a railroad grade, the slope (斜坡) is gentle and it makes for an easy family ride.
McNeil said it is a “beautiful ride up the Skagit Valley, with lots of places to watch wildlife along the river.”
How to get there: Go to http://bit.ly/PR4wOW to see a map showing the trail, parking areas and bus stops.
Other good choices
Snoqualmie Valley Trail: http://1.usa.gov/nWGWO
Guemes Island: http://bit.ly/LJ3RxL
Burke-Gilman Trail: http://1.usa.gov/s33li
55. Which of the following routes do McNeil’s family like best?21cnjy.com
A. Cascade Trail.???????
B. Iron Horse Trail.
C. Centennial Trail.????
D. Burke-Gilman Trail.
56. If you choose the Centennial Trail, you can _____.
A. see a small valley??????????
B. go through a tunnel
C. have a picnic for lunch
D. watch the rock climbers
57. The main purpose of the text is to _____.
A. ask people to learn from Lee McNeil
B. tell people how to make a family ride
C. introduce some routes for family rides
D. encourage more people to bike with friends
C ★★★☆☆
Did you know jazz was born in the United States? Did you know the drum set was invented by jazz musicians? Join us in learning more about the history of jazz.
Late 1800s - Today?? The Blues
Born in the South, the blues is an African American-derived music form that recognized the pain of lost love and unfairness. Blues is the foundation of jazz as well as the main source of rhythm and blues, rock ‘n’ roll, and country music.
1901?? Louis Armstrong is born
Louis Armstrong was one of the most influential artists in the history of music. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901, he began playing the cornet (短号) at 13. Armstrong perfected the improvised (即兴的) jazz solo (单人表演) as we know it. Before Armstrong, Dixieland was the style of jazz that everyone was playing. This was a style that featured collective improvisation where everyone soloed at once.
Mid-1930s?? Swing
Swing is the basic rhythm of jazz. Swing as a jazz style first appeared during the Great Depression. The optimistic feeling of swing lifted the spirits of everyone in America. By the mid-1930s, swing dancing had become the national dance of the USA.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
1940s?? Bebop
In the early 1940s, jazz musicians were looking for new directions to explore. A new style of jazz called bebop was born. Bebop was considered jazz for intellectuals. No longer were there big bands, but smaller groups that did not play for dancing audiences but for listening audiences.www-2-1-cnjy-com
1950s??Latin and Afro-Cuban Jazz
The combination of African, Spanish, and native cultures in Latin America created a unique body of music and dance. Jazz musicians combined their music with this Latin sound to create a powerful blend (融合). In the 1940s and 50s, when musicians from Cuba began to play with jazz musicians in New York, the circle was complete. By combining the musical traditions of North, South, and Central America, Latin jazz celebrates our musical differences and helps us to find a common ground.
58. The author put forward the questions in Paragraph 1 in order to _____.
A. bring up the topic of the text
B. expect readers to answer them
C. introduce a new kind of music
D. test readers’ knowledge of music
59. According to the text, Louis Armstrong _____.
A. was the creator of Dixieland
B. played jazz when he was a teenager
C. preferred collective improvisation to jazz solos21*cnjy*com
D. made outstanding contributions to the development of jazz
60. In the 1950s, jazz _____.
A. was not as popular as before
B. was usually played for intellectuals
C. was greatly influenced by other cultures
D. was played to lift the spirits of Americans
61. What would be the best title for the text?
A. History of jazz????????
B. An influential artist
C. Beyond the borders
D. The melting pot of sound
D ★★☆☆☆
A 15-year-old Saanich student who invented a flashlight powered by body heat is heading home today from California with a big prize — and an opportunity to expand on her work.
St. Michaels University School student Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google’s annual(每年的) international science fair, beating out thousands of other young scientists from around the world.
Winning the international contest was “a total shock”, Ann said from San Francisco. “I definitely think it will have an influence on my future.”
Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science, telling the judges that her first toy was a box of transistors (晶体管).2-1-c-n-j-y
Ann’s prize includes a $25,000 scholarship and a “once-in-a-lifetime experience” from either the European Organization for Nuclear Research, Lego or Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.
Ann created the flashlight for a local science fair. The inspiration(灵感) for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and after visits to the Philippines, where she saw the need for a battery-free flashlight. A friend at school there failed in her studies because of a lack of electricity and light to study when it became dark.
In her project, Ann wrote that she “made two flashlights that do not use any batteries, harmful chemicals, or kinetic energy (动能). They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight’s only limitation is its need for at least a 5℃ temperature difference to provide usable light.”21·cn·jy·com
A YouTube video of Ann explaining how she created the flashlight has been viewed more than 1.4 million times.【出处：21教育名师】
Despite her success, the private school student is undecided about her career path. Ann hopes she can find a way to combine her love of film with science.
The four winners were chosen from 15 finalists from eight countries. The contest attracted thousands of entries from students in 120 countries.21·世纪*教育网
62. What do we know about Ann Makosinski?
A. She is studying at a public school.
B. She dreams of becoming a scientist.
C. Her success is partly due to her family.
D. She was sure she would win the contest.
63. What made Ann want to develop a battery-free flashlight?21教育网
A. Her great interest in science.
B. Her friend’s unfortunate experience.
C. Lack of electricity in some poor countries.
D. The fact that we are using too many batteries.
64. According to the text, Hollow Flashlight _____.
A. is safe, noiseless and energy-saving
B. was created by Ann and her friend
C. will come onto the market soon
D. works only at low temperatures
65. In which part of a newspaper can we probably read this text?
A. Travel.??????? B. Nature.?????? C. Culture.??????? D. Technology.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you planning to study a course from a foreign university? Well, these tips for studying abroad will make you feel at home in a new city.
Learn about the university.
When you decide to study abroad, it is important to research well. ?66 Instead, talk to people who have completed their studies from that country. This way you’ll get some real information about the university you’re applying for.
?67
The more you speak to people, the more you’ll end up driving the blues away. Communicating with others will truly be helpful. Not only will it make it easier for you to face personal interviews but also to interact with the local people and fellow students.
Keep a diary.
Most students feel that the time they spent abroad was the best time of their lives. What better way to keep those moments “alive” forever than by writing them down on a diary? ?68 ?
Be prepared for adjustments.
When you land up in a country with a culture that’s completely different from yours, chances are that you’ll experience some level of culture shock. ?69 ?Consider your stay abroad as an opportunity to discover a new culture and learn new things.
Know what to do in an emergency.
?70 ?Get the details of the U.S. Embassy, including the phone number, and register (登记) yourself and your family members with the U.S. Embassy. This way you’ll know whom to reach out to in case you’re in an emergency.
A. Ensure you have all the documents.
B. Develop good communication skills.
C. However, don’t let that discourage you.
D. Don’t just follow adverts blindly and choose the university.
E. Make sure that you know what to do in the face of emergency.
F. Keep in touch with your friends at home to avoid homesickness.
G. You can write down every little detail of the beautiful time when you study abroad.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear sir,
I’m writing to request chance to be one of the host families of the British students.
I’m good in English and my parents are both professors of English, so I’m sure we won’t have any difficulty communicate with English speakers. My father is an excellent driver and we will be very gladly to show foreign students around some nearby places of interest in their own car. We received two American students on last month and have a great time. Besides, my mother cooks well, but the students will be able to enjoy delicious Chinese food. I would greatly appreciate it if I could have the chance to make friend with them.
Looked forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
某英文网站论坛发起主题为“How to Improve Spoken English”的讨论，请你写一篇英语短文参加讨论。内容包括：
·英语口语的重要性；
·目前中学生英语口语学习的现状；
·你是如何提高英语口语的。
注意：1. 词数120左右；?
????? 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21教育名师原创作品
参考答案
21. Annoyed ???????? ?????? 22. after
23. But ??????????????? ?????? 24. the
25. how ?????????????? ?????? 26. it
27. would happen ?????? 28. to / into
29. badly ??????????????????? 30. one
31-35 DACAC?????? 36-40 BDCBA ? ? ? 41-45 BDDAC?? ? 46-50 AACBD
51-55 BCCDB??????? 56-60 CCADC?? ? 61-65 ACBAD?? ?? 66-70 DBGCE
短文改错：
71. ... request chance to be ...??????? ???????????? chance前加a【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
72. ... good in English ...???????????? ???? in → at
73. ... difficulty communicate ... ? ? communicate → communicating
74. ... will be very gladly ... ? ? ? ? ? ?gladly → glad
75. ... in their own car.??????????????? ? their → our
76. ... on last month ...????????????? ?????去掉on
77. ... have a great time.?????????????? ? have → had
78. ... but the students ...?????????????? but → so
79. ... to make friend ...????????????? ??? friend → friends
80. Looked forward ...?????????????? ??? Looked → Looking / Look
One possible version:
There’s no doubt that spoken English is very important in our modern lives. However, many schools pay little attention to the students’ ability to use English. Besides, many students find it hard to improve their spoken English due to lack of a good language environment.
Now let me tell you how I improve my spoken English. Firstly, I go to English Corner in our school every week to communicate with our foreign teachers. Secondly, I keep the habit of retelling whatever I have read in my own words, which is an effective way. Thirdly, I try my best to create English environment. For example, I imagine being interviewed by a foreigner or making a speech in front of a foreign audience. Then I just express myself in English.
Module 4 Reading and vocabulary
Teaching aim: learn something about the western music and the languages points in the passage. 21*cnjy*com
Step 1 new words
approach vt. 向…靠近；接近；近似。
We approached the school. 我们快到学校了。
All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.
通往宫殿的所有道路都有部队把守。
Silently we approached the enemy's camp.
我们静悄悄地逼近敌人的营地
与某人打交道，与某人接洽
Approach sb. on about sth.
n. 方法，步骤，态度, 接近, 门径
All approaches to the city were blocked.
通往这座城市的所有道路都被封锁了。
The best approach to learn a foreign language is the study of the spoken language. www-2-1-cnjy-com
学习外语的最好的途径是学口语。
at the approach of winter冬季将临的时候 at our approach 当我们接近时be easy of approach 容易到达；容易接近
on the approach of death 临死的时候
with the approach of winter
随着冬季的来临
2. decline vt. vi.
衰退；下降；减少，谢绝，婉谢，辞谢
an empire that had declined 业已衰落的帝国
decline an offer 拒绝请求
decline an invitation 谢绝要求
decline to answer a question 拒绝回答问题
They wish that prices would decline. 他们希望物价能下降。
n. 衰退；衰败 in decline 在下降，在衰退中
His interest in computer games is now in decline.
他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。
3. emerge v. 出现 emergence n.
emerge from out of 现露，出现
The whale emerged from the water. 那只鲸鱼西哦女冠水里浮现出来。
emerge from + n. 问题，事实，从…显现出来
After the long talks, possible solutions emerged.
经过一段长谈后几项可能的解决方案都显现出来了。
It emerges that …暴露，出现
It emerged that he had deserted his family.
他遗弃家人的事实保露了。
Read the first part and find the useful phrases:
文化运动 cultural movement .
开始于20世纪70年代 start in the 1970s
街区舞会 black parties .
作为…而文明 be known as .
随着…跳舞 dance to
使…处于某种状态 bring sth. to sth
起初 at first
1. The DJs at black parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music … … because they were the best parts to dance to. 20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐的主持人（DJ）播放很多的灵乐，他们注意到大家很喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
dance to （to是一个介词，不能省略）随着…跳舞
Do you prefer to dance to fast music? 你喜欢跟着节奏快的音乐跳舞吗？21世纪教育网版权所有
2. There are a lot of Jamaicans in New York who brought the idea with them. 纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家代取款有关音乐的理念。21cnjy.com
bring sth. with sb. 随身带去某物
Bring some money with you next time you come.
bring 的相关短语
bring into 使…出于某种状态，使卷入
She also brought me into touch with everything that could be felt--- soil, wood, silk. 我接触到一切可以触摸到的东西―土壤，木头，丝绸等。2·1·c·n·j·y
The two countries were brought into war. 两个国家都被卷入了战争。21·世纪*教育网
We don’t know how to bring down the price of the production.
我们不知道如何降低生产成本。
The wind brought down a number of trees. 大风刮倒了许多树。
bring in 邀请，生产，逮捕，介绍引进，收获
Why bring Jim in? He’ll do nothing to help.
为什么请吉姆呢？他什么也帮不上。
Read the second part and find the useful phrases:
并肩，并排 side by side
用…做试验 experiment with
同时 at the same time
一 … 就… the moment
3. The percussion breaks were usually short, but … … on two turntables, side by side. 这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。21·cn·jy·com
side by side 肩并肩地，一面又一面的
The couple sat side by side. 那对夫妇肩并肩坐着。
little by little, 一点一点地
day by day 日复一日地
Bit by bit 一点一点地
Step by step 一步一步地
house by house 挨家挨户地
Later they experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approached, using rhyming words, often words from African-American culture. 后来他们尝试用不同的发音和奏乐的方法，所使用的押韵词汇，经常使来自美籍非洲人的文化中。2-1-c-n-j-y
experiment with … … 用…做试验
They are experimenting with new methods of teaching.
他们正在试验新的教学方法。
makecarry out do perform try an experiment onuponinwith 做…的实验，对…做实验　　21*cnjy*com
“The moment I heard it.” he said,” I knew it was a completely new kind of music. “我一听”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。”【出处：21教育名师】
the moment 用作连词来引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as 。表示“ 一…就…”
The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number. 我一拿起听筒就知道使有人打错了。
一…就…的表达方式：
The second, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly,
hardlyscarcely… whenbefore, no sooner … than
We started the second we got the news. 我们一得到消息就出发了。
He had scarcely gone into the room whenbefore the phone rang.
= scarcely had he gone into the room whenbefore the phone rang.
Read the third part and find the useful phrases:
1）对…感到厌烦 be bored with
2）在走下坡路 be in decline
3）做…很容易 be easy to do
4）利用 take advantage of
6. Secondly, people were bored with the pop ……
Be bored with 对…厌烦 ＝ be tired of
She has been bored with the past. 她已经对过去的事情不感兴趣了。
7. Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco! 嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐。
take advantage of（1） 利用 = make use of
She advised him to take advantage of the opportunity.
她建议他利用这个机会。
take advantage of all educational opportunities 利用一切教育机会。
（2）. 占..的便宜自私地获利，剥削
It’s wrong to take advantage of the customer.
欺骗消费者是错误的。
Read the fourth part and find the useful phrases:
第一次，首次 the first time
录制音乐 record music
背景音乐 backing tracks
第二代 the next generation
传播到其它的地方 spread to other places
在20世纪80年代后期 in the late 1980s
8. The style soon spread to other parts of the United States. 这种风格就很快传到了美国的其它地方。www.21-cn-jy.com
spread to a place （指消息等）传到某个地方。
The news soon spread to other cities.
In the 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India, and many parts of Europe.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.
The illness spread through the village.
spread解释为“传播”时还可以与其他介词连用。如：spread across…, spread from… to…, spread through 等。
9. Songs that are spoken rather than songs are called rap.
Rather than 而不，与其说…到不如说…；宁愿…不愿…
该短语为从属连词，引导比较从句，而且这个从句经常时省略的。其用法有：
从意义上看，表示主观愿望的选择，作“宁愿…而不愿…”解；表示客观事实，作“是（前者）而不是（后者）”解。The housewives prefer to go out work rather than kill the time at home.21教育网
家庭主妇们宁愿出去工作而不愿呆在家里消磨时光。
Her performance in work is good rather than bad.
她在工作中的表现是好，而不是坏。
（2）从结构上看，rather than 作连词，连接两个平行的结构：两个形容词、两个状语短语、两个名词、两个代词、两个动词不定式或两个动名词。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
Our group would prefer to start off in august rather than in April.
我们小组宁愿在八月出发，而不愿在四月出发。
I decided to write to her rather than telephone her.
我决定写信给她，而不愿打电话。
He is a writer rather than a poem. 与其说他是位诗人，不如说他是位作家。【版权所有：21教育】
I had rather go than stay to be invited. 我宁愿离开这里，也不愿留下来接收邀请。21教育名师原创作品
难句分析SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. 【原句】The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to. (P44)www.21-cn-jy.com
【译文】见课本P131注释。
【分析】
a. 本句是一个________句。
b. and前的分句为“主语（________） + 谓语（________） + 宾语（________）”结构。at block parties in the 1970s作后置定语，修饰The DJs。
c. and后的分句中含有that引导的________从句。
d. 在that从句中又含有because引导的________从句。不定式短语to dance to作后置定语，修饰the best parts。dance to ... 意为“随着…… 跳舞”。
【仿写】我注意到儿子有舞蹈天赋，因为他总是随着广播里的音乐跳舞。
????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????
2. 【原句】DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn’t really like reggae music, so he started playing other kinds of music, including rock and disco music. (P44)21世纪教育网版权所有
【译文】埃尔克是当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，他注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他就开始播放其他种类的音乐，包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。
【分析】
a. 本句是一个由so连接的________句。
b. so 前面的分句为“主语（DJ Herc） + 谓语（noticed） + ________从句（that New York audiences ... reggae music）”结构。one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time作DJ Herc的同位语。21教育网
c. so后面的分句为“主语（he） + 谓语（started） + 宾语（playing other kinds of music）”结构。including 意为“包括……”，表示部分同位关系，即用来举例。
【仿写】所有的人，包括我在内，听完这个笑话后都笑了。
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????3. 【原句】The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later. (P45)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【译文】说唱艺术家初次录制音乐时，演奏师先在录音室里录制背景音乐（一种不加歌声的音乐），说唱歌手过后再加进歌声。21·世纪*教育网
【分析】
a. 本句是一个________句。
b. 主句是由and连接的并列分句构成。即musicians recorded the backing tracks ... studio和the rappers added their vocals later。21cnjy.com
c. The first time引导________从句，意为“第一次……的时候”。
【仿写】玛丽第一次参观那个小村庄的时候，就爱上了那个地方。
????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????答案21·cn·jy·com
1. 【分析】a. 并列复合?? b. The DJs; played; soul music?? c. 宾语?? d. 原因状语
【仿写】I noticed that my son has a talent for dance because he always dances to the music on the radio.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. 【分析】a. 并列复合?? b. 宾语
【仿写】Everyone laughed after hearing the joke, including me.
3. 【分析】a. 主从复合 c. 时间状语
【仿写】The first time she visited the small village, Mary fell in love with it.