Unit 1 Friends第3课时讲义2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册(无答案)

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名称 Unit 1 Friends第3课时讲义2023-2024学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册(无答案)
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更新时间 2023-10-22 12:37:50

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八年级上册Unit1第3课时讲义
Grammar
一、教学目标:
学习形容词比较级和最高级的构成并牢记规则。
能正确使用比较级和最高级。
二、教学内容:Grammar
三、教学重难点:
形容词比较级的变化规则
四、教学程序:
(一)、检查并订正上次布置的课外作业;
(二)、解答学生在英语学习中的有关问题;
(三)、教学内容:形容词比较级和最高级
1.教会学生课本10-12页单词,要求学生会读写,知其意。
2.教会学生理解形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则
重点单词:1.worse 2.worst 3.height 4.weight 5.competition 6.choose
易考点解析:
1.worse更差,更糟,更坏。该词为形容词,是bad的比较级,不规则变化。
例如:The weather yesterday was bad, but it is even worse today.昨天天气不好,可是今天的天气甚至更糟。
拓展:ill的比较级也是worse,不规则变化,该词在使用时,若指“病情方面”可以有比较级,若指“生病的”,只是表达一种状态,用比较级就不太合适了,应该加以注意。
2.worst最差,最糟,最坏。该词为形容词,是bad的最高级,是不规则变化。
例如:My god,this is the worst film that I have seen till now. 天呢,这是我迄今为止看过的最糟的一部电影。
拓展:ill的最高级也是worst,不规则变化,该词在使用时,若指“病情方面”可以有最高级,若指“生病的”,只是表达一种状态,用最高级就不太合适了,应该加以注意。
3.height高,高度。该词为名词,是high的名词形式。在实际的考试中,这两种词性经常相互改写。
例如:What’s the height of the building = How high is the building 这栋大楼有多高啊?
拓展:类似变化long→length(长度);wide→width(宽度);deep→depth(深度)。
4.weight重量。该词为名词,是动词weigh的名词形式,在实际的考试中,这两种词性经常相互改写。
例如:How much does the box weigh = What’s the weight of the box 这个箱子有多重?
拓展:注意,这句话不能译为How heavy does the box weigh 这里的heavy是形容词,不能修饰动词weigh,必须译为How heavy is the box 才可以。
5.competition竞赛,比赛,竞争。该词为名词,在语法、意思、用法、词性等方面competition和test存在一些区别。
首先,test通常是一个名词,表示一项测试或考试;而competition可以是名词或动词,表示竞赛或竞争。
其次,test指的是一种评估或检验的方法,通常用于评估知识、技能或能力;而competition则指的是一种竞争的活动,通常用于比赛、竞赛或商业竞争等方面。
第三,test通常用于描述一项具体的测试或考试,可以使用进行时态或过去式来表示;而competition则可以用于描述一项具体的比赛或竞赛,也可以用于描述一种竞争的状态或趋势。
例如:The students are taking a test in the classroom.学生们正在教室里参加考试。
Our team won the competition last year.我们的团队去年赢得了比赛。
6.choose选择,挑选。该词既是及物动词也是不及物动词,其过去式是chose, 过去分词是chosen,都是不规则变化,在实际的考试中常常可以这样用:
(1)choose to do sth. 选择做某事。与动词连用,后接to do;
(2)choose (...) from/between ... 从...中挑选。及物用法,直接接宾语;
(3)choose from/between ... 从...中挑选。不及物用法,与介词连用;
(4)choose sth as sth 选择...作为...。及物用法,直接接宾语。
重点语法:形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词主要用来修饰、描写或限定名词或代词,副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
(一)、形容词的一般用法
1.作定语,一般放在所修饰词的前面。It’s a cold and windy day.
2.作表语,放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….) He looks happy today.
3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。
  Would you like something hot to drink? (不定形)
4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。
How long is the river? It’s about two hundred metres long.
5.只能作表语的形容词:awake; frightened ; ill ; afraid; alone; asleep; alive; well健康的。
速记:醒来 害怕 生病 ;担心 独自 睡着;活着 健康(的) 好
The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)
6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的
My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)  My brother is elder. (误)
名词前作定语的多个形容词排列顺序问题:速记:县官行令杀国才
解析:县,指限定性的词,如:冠词、数词、物主代词,指示代词等;官,指 观,描绘性语言;行,指形状,如:大小,形状等;令,指年龄,新旧等;杀,指色,即色彩;国,指国籍,出处等;才,指材料等。
8.貌似副词的形容词: friendly;lonely;lively;lovely.
速记:友好的(人),不孤独;活泼的(人)才可爱。
(二)、形容词常用句型
1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth
注意:这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词。
例如:good,kind,nice,polite ,clever ,foolish ,lazy ,careful,careless,right(正确的),wrong等。
It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth. is adj. for sb .
注意:这一句型中常用的形容词有important,necessary,difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful
pleasant,interesting,impossible等。
It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)
3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词,如glad,pleased,sad,thankful等常接不定式。如:
I’m very sad to hear the bad news.
4. 表示能力和意志的形容词,如:
ready(乐意的,有准备的),able(有能力的),sure(一定),certain(一定)等常接不定式。
The man is able to walk again. 那个男子又能走路了。
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷锋总是乐于助人。
He is sure to get to school on time. 他一定会按时到校的。
She is certain to pass the exam . 她一定会通过考试的。
(三)、副词的分类
  副词按词汇意义可分为:
  方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly
  程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite
  地点副词:here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home
  时间副词:today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still
  频度副词:always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never
  否定副词:no,not,neither,nor
  疑问副词:where,how,why
其他副词:also,too,only
(四)、副词的基本用法:
  1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.
  He plays the piano very well .
  2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.
  He got up quickly
  3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后. (名前形后)
  He is old enough to go to school .
(五)、形容词,副词的比较级、最高级
  规则变化
  1.一般在词尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest
  2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st, nice-nicer-nicest
  3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y变为i,再加er或est, heavy-heavier-heaviest
  4.重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, big-bigger-biggest
(big / red / wet / hot / sad / thin / fat )
速记: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖,双写末辅再变样.
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级,如:
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least。
   例如:important----less important----least important
   English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .
  6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most,如:
  slowly---more slowly----most slowly;但early—earlier---earliest
 不规则变化(加强记忆)
(六)、下列单、双音节词只能加more和most
  like(相似的)-- more like-- most like ;real(真的)-- more real --most real; tired --more tired-- most tired pleased --more pleased --most pleased ;often-- more often --most often
  注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight
五、课堂练习
(一)、单项选择
( )1. -- Which shirt is ________, the blue one or the pink one
-- Oh, they are both nice, so it’s hard to choose.
A. nice B. nicer C. the nicest D. good
( )2. The harder you work, the ________ progress you will make.
A. great B. greater C. greatest D. little
( )3. If you keep playing sports every day you are getting ________.
A. good and good B. better and better C. best and best D. better and best
( )4. ——Which is Tom -- He is ________ of the two boys.
A. tall B. taller C. the taller D. the tallest
( )5. We should go on learning English although it is getting a little ________.
A. easy B. easier C. difficult D. more difficult
( )6. ——Mum, could you buy me a dress like this
——Of course. We can buy ________ one than this, but __________ it.
A. a better; better than B. a popular; as good as
C. a more popular; not as good as D. a cheaper; as good as
( )7. These days, the Internet is becoming __________ useful as a search tool.
A. more and more B. most and most C. much and more D. much and much
( )8. Tom is __________ experienced among the doctors here.
A. less B. least C. the less D. the least
( )9. Which is __________, the computer, the Internet or the robot
A. useful B. more useful C. the more useful D. the most useful
( )10. Xuanwu Lake is one of __________ beautiful parks in Nanjing.
A. the B. the more C. the most D. the less
(二)、写出下列单词的比较级和最高级.
slim__________ ________ easy________ _________ well__________ ________
nice________ _________ large__________ ________ funny________ _________
thin_________ _________ old_________ _________ early_________ _________
(三)、用所给单词的适当形式填空.
1. Whose English is ________(bad) ,Tom’s or Jack’s
2. Lucy looks very _______(slim),but Betty is ________(slim) than Lucy.
3. Who is ___________(lovely) in our class
4. At the sports meeting,Amy ran as _______(quick) as she could.
5. She is quite a __________(wonder) friend.
6. With the help of our teacher,I am much_________(good) at maths now.
7. Shanghai is one of the _________(large) cities in China.
8. My brother often says he is the ________(tall) boy in his class.
(四)、根据汉语完成句子.
1.那条河比这条河宽。
That river is ___________________________________________.
2在所有科目中哪一门最重要呢?
Which subject _________________________________of all.
3.今天天气很好,明天会更好。
It is _____________________. It will ______________ tomorrow.
4.在武汉,八月是一年中最热的月份。
In Wuhan , August is ____________________________________in a year.
5.使别人快乐是最快乐的事情。
It’s ______________________ thing ___________________________.