Unit1 Life on Mars Grammar

课件47张PPT。GrammarUnit 1 Life on MarsObjectivesTo learn to use ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘many’ and ‘might’ to talk about permission
To learn something about object clauses introduced by ‘that’, ‘if’ and ‘whether’ 语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽
可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让
学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导
学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总
结出语言规则、语法规律。Observe the sentencesCan I ask you a question, Eddie? Sure. (P6)
Can/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow, Mum?
Yes, you can./ No, you cannot/can’t.
May/Might I use your computer, Mr Wu?
Yes, you may./ No, you may not/can’t.A— Mr Wang, I’m feeling sick. Could I
leave school early today?
— Yes, you can.— May I eat lunch here?
— No, you mustn’t. No one is allowed to
eat in the library.— Might I park my car here, sir?
— Yes, you may.Guessing Gameto test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessUse can, could, may and might to fill in the blanks.
1. ______ I ask you a question, Eddie? Sure.
2. — ___________ I go to the zoo tomorrow,
Mum?
— Yes, you can./ No, you cannot/can’t.
3. — ____________ I use your computer,
Mr Wu?
— Yes, you may./ No, you may not/can’t.Can Can/Could May/Might4. — Mr Wang, I’m feeling sick. _______ I
leave school early today?
— Yes, you _____.5. — ______ I eat lunch here?
— No, you mustn’t. No one is allowed
to eat in the library.6. — _______ I park my car here, sir?
— Yes, you ______.CouldcanMayMightmayPreparing to go to spaceDad, (1) ______ (may, could) I take your
camera?
Yes, you (2) _____ (can, may).couldcanChoose the best words from the brackets.(5) ____ (Might, Can) I borrow your boots?
Yes, you (6) _____ (can, may).(3) _____ (May, Can) I borrow this helmet?
No, you (4) _________ (couldn’t, may not).Maymay notCancan我们可以用can, could, may, might来表达“要求得到许可”和“给予许可”。每种表达方式的正式程度各不相同：
Can: (informal) used to ask if it is OK to
do sth
Could: (formal) often used to ask
permission from strangers, old
people, teachers and bossesConclusion May: (formal and polite) used in formal
situations to ask if it is OK to do sth
Might: (very formal) very formal but
rarely used注意 1. 几乎不用may not的缩写形式
“mayn’t”。
2. can多用于与同学、朋友的交谈中。
3. 现在can, may, could都可以用在与陌生人的交谈中，不过may更正式、礼貌。Observe the sentencesMany people believe that we will live on the planet Mars by the year 2100.
Many people believe that robots will do most of our work.
Some people believe that people born under the same star sign share similar characteristics. (9A, unit 1)I understand that it is important to do my homework and hand it in on time. (9A, unit 3)
Colette insisted that Hepburn was the perfect girl to play the lead role in the play. (9A, unit 5)
Detective Lu said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled to death as a result. (9A, unit 6)BObject clauses introduced by ‘that’About the planet MarsAnswers to exercise on Page 14
N 2 N 3 O
4 O 5 N 6 ORead Daniel’s notes and write an ‘O’ for a sentence that has an object clause and an ‘N’ for a sentence that does not. An object clause functions as the _______ in a sentence. It can be put after some verbs such as “think, believe and know”.
Eg. 1. Everybody knew that Tom was
frightened by that boy.
2. I think that you should give him an
apology. object1. She wasn’t certain (that) he had
seen her.2. I’m pretty sure (that) he’ll agree.An object clause can also follow some __________ such as “certain and sure”.
Eg.adjectivesAn object clause can be introduced by the connective ‘______’. Sometimes, we can leave it out.
Eg.
1. We all know (that) Earth is becoming
more and more crowded and
polluted.
2. I don’t think you are right.thatthat引导宾语从句不能省略的两种情况：
⑴ 当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略。如：
It says here, in the newspaper, that English is getting more and more important.
⑵ 若一个动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，且由and或but连接这些宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省略。如：
John says (that) he has tried his best and that everything will get better. 阅读下列句子，学着用所给结构来表达观点：I (don’t) believe that …
I (don’t) think that …In the future we will live on Mars.
Mars is the best planet for living other than Earth.
The future life on Mars will be interesting.
The food on Mars will be as tasty as the food on Earth.Observe the sentencesNobody is sure if/whether these plants could produce enough water.
We are wondering if/whether we can grow plants on Mars.
We’re not sure whether this has made him some enemies. We suppose that the victim knew his attackers. (9A, unit 6)I often doubt whether it is worth working so hard. (9A, unit 3)
You can ask him if/whether he’ll lend
you some money.
She doesn’t know whether to answer it or not.
Can you tell us if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?CObject clauses introduced by
‘if’ or ‘whether’
We can use “if” or “whether” to introduce an object clause when it expresses a “yes/no” question. In that case, we often use the same word order as in a statement.Does he live in that house? ( She asked me )
Have you finished your homework? ( I want to know)She asked me if/whether he lived in this house.I want to know if you have finished your homework.Daniel’s questionsC1Use if or whether to make object clauses.1. Are you certain if/whether transport on
Mars will be much better than on Earth?
2. Can you tell me if/whether gravity is a
problem for the early settlers on Mars?3. Do you know if/whether it takes very
long to travel from Earth to Mars?
4. Can you tell me if/whether many
people are going to move to Mars?
5. Do you know if/whether the USA sent
a space robot onto Mars last year? 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开。宾语从句的引导词有：
that引导陈述句语意。
(2) if, whether引导一般疑问句语意。
(3) who, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, how, why引导特殊疑问句语意。(Unit 2 Grammar)Conclusion 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句，只能用 whether。Eg.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
Whether it is true or not, I cannot tell. 宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应。1. 主句如果是一般现在时，从句可以用符合句意要求的任何时态。
He says they have already returned.
He says that he was born in 1985.
She asks whether I am reading or not.2. 主句如果是一般过去时，从句一般用过去时态的某种形式, (一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。
He said (that) he bought a new dictionary.
I knew they were studying English．
He asked me whether I was a teacher.The teacher said that the Earth goes around the sun.
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound．3. 如果宾语从句说的是普遍真理、客观事实或自然现象时，从句中的谓语动词则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。Complete the diary.C2Dear Diary
Do you believe ______ man will be able to live on the planet Mars in the future? Scientists are working hard to make this dream come true. However, they are still not sure ___________ we could grow plants on Mars. Also, many scientists thatif/whetherthink ____ gravity is a problem for the first settlers. They all agree _____ the journey to Mars will not be comfortable. Therefore, I am wondering __________ there will be many people willing to move to Mars.thatthatif/whethertime for reflection1. Can you tell the differences between ‘can’, ‘could’, ‘may’ and ‘might’?
2. How to form object clauses introduced by ‘that’ or ‘if/whether’?请点击Word图标 I. Multiple choice.
1. — ________I borrow these magazines ?
— Sorry, only the magazines over there
can be borrowed.
A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need
2. — May I smoke here, sir ?
— I’m afraid you _______.This is a non-
smoking area.
can B. can’t
C. may D. may not II. Write sentences to ask for permission in the following situations.
You are on a bus and the person in
front of you has the window open. It
starts to rain and you are getting wet.
________________________________
(2)You missed the last English lesson. You
want to look at your friend’s notes.
__________________________________Could/May I close the window?Can I look at your notes?(3) You want to ask your teacher for
permission to leave school early today.
______________________________
(4) Your friends are going to the cinema
tonight. You want to go too.
_______________________________
(5) Your uncle and aunt have invited you
to join them for a walk in a park nearby.
You want to bring your dog along.
________________________________Could I leave school early today?Can I join you/go with you?Could I bring my dog?(6) You are in the library at lunchtime.
You ask the librarian if you are allowed
to eat your lunch in the library.
________________________________
(7) You are on the bus again. It is stuck in
traffic. You ask the driver to let you off
between stops.
_________________________________May I eat my lunch here?Could/May I get off here?III. Complete the following sentences by
using object clauses. Earth is becoming more and more
crowded and polluted.
Most people believe ___________________
_________________________________
2. Humans need water, food and air to
survive.
Everyone knows _____________________
_____________________ that Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted. that humans need water, food and air to survive.3. Gravity will be a problem for settlers on
Mars.
I don’t think _______________________
___________________________
4. We may even live in a dome with ten
bedrooms.
Do you think _______________________
___________________________________ that gravity will be a problem for settlers on Mars. that we may even live in a dome with ten bedrooms?5. The plants on Mars will produce
food, water and oxygen.
Scientists tell us _______________ _____________________________
__________ that the plants on Mars will produce food, water and oxygen.IV. Correct the mistakes in the following
sentences. I don’t know if will the students arrive
on time.
I don’t know if the students will arrive
on time.
2. Daniel is still not sure he wants to go to
Mars.
Daniel is still not sure if/whether he wants
to go to Mars.3. Simon wants to know that if we need to
wear special boots on Mars.
Simon wants to know if we need to
wear special boots on Mars.
4. Daniel is wondering that there are
shopping malls on Mars.
Daniel is wondering if there are
shopping malls on Mars.5. The students want their teacher to tell
them if do they have to bring some
water with them.
The students want their teacher to tell
them if they have to bring some water
with them.
6. The teacher asks Tom whether has he
closed the window before leaving the
classroom.
The teacher asks Tom whether he has
closed the window before leaving the
classroom.PreviewTo preview Integrated skills on Pages 16-17
To think about the advantages and disadvantages of living on Mars复习语法部分的内容。
用今天所学的知识，写五个宾语从句。