2024届 九年级中考英语 二轮复习【语法专题】
让步、比较状语从句 语法考点总结(讲义)
01让步状语从句
让步状语从句,一般是意思为“尽管”“即使”等退一步讲的从句。常见的引导词有:though/although(尽管,即使),as(虽然,尽管),even if/even though(即使),whoever(无论谁),whatever(无论什么),whichever(无论哪个), whenever(无论何时),wherever(无论哪里),however(无论怎样),no matter who(what,which,when,where, how)(无论谁/什么/哪个/何时/哪里/怎样),whether(不管,无论),while(虽然,尽管)等。
though/although
意为“虽然,纵然”,一般情况下可互换使用。though较口语化,although较正式,常位于句首,都不能与but连用,但可与yet,still连用。
Although/Though the house is really dear, we still bought it.
虽然这房子真的很贵,但我们还是买了。
Although/Though we are tired of him, we still have to work with him.
尽管我们很厌烦他,但我们还是要和他在一起工作。
Although/Though the deadline is due, the task isn’t yet finished.
尽管截止日期到了,但任务还没有完成。
as引导的让步状语从句必须要用倒装语序,从句的表语、状语或谓语常放在句首。此时的从句也可用though,但不能用although,as的语气强于though。
从句的结构为:
形容词/副词/名词(不带冠词)/动词(原形)+ as +主语 + 谓语。
Smart as she is, no one likes her.
尽管她很聪明,但没有人喜欢她。
Hard as the boy studies, he can’t learn English well.
尽管这个男孩学习很努力,但他英语学不好。
Child as/though she is, she can speak several foreign languages.
尽管她是个孩子,但她会讲好几种外语。
Search as the police might, they could not find the suspect.
尽管警方进行了搜查,但还是没能找到嫌疑人。
even if/even though 意义相同,用法上的细微区别是:even if从句往往是假设性的,即所让步内容不一定是客观事实(有时会用虚拟语气);而even though从句往往是真实的。
Even if/Even though it rains tomorrow, they won’t stay at home.
即使明天下雨,他们也不会呆在家里。
Even if he had the money, he wouldn’t buy it.
他即使有钱也不会买它。
Even though it’s hard work, he enjoys it.
虽然工作辛苦,他还是很喜欢。
“疑问词+ever”(whoever, whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,however等)与“No matter+疑问词+从句”引导的状语从句相同,通常可以互换。
Whoever/No matter who you are, you should obey the traffic rules.
不管你是谁,你都应该遵守交通规则。
Whatever/No matter what happened, you should keep calm.
无论发生什么事,你都应该保持冷静。
Whichever/No matter which method they choose, we must accept their decision.
无论他们选择哪一种方法,我们都必须接受他们的决定。
Whenever/No matter when you get up, don’t bother me.
无论你何时起床,都不要打扰我。
Wherever/No matter where he goes, he carries his little Teddy Bear.
无论他去哪里,他都带着他的小泰迪熊。
However/No matter how difficult the task is, we must finish it in time.
不管任务有多难,我们都必须及时完成。
whether (不管,无论)引导的让步状语从句
Whether she agrees or not, I shall go swimming.
不管她同意与否,我都要去游泳。
Whether he believes or not, it is true.
不管你信不信,这都是真的。
while引导的状语从句
While she is very weak, she works hard.
虽然她身体很虚弱,但她还是努力工作。
While it was dark outside, he went on working.
虽然外面很暗了,但他还在继续工作。
02比较状语从句
较状语从句主要 于形容词和副词的原级、 较级及最 级的句 ,常用as...as(和……一样),not as/so...as (和……不一样),than(比),the more...the more...(越……越……)等引导。
He is often as busy as a bee.
他经常忙得不可开交。
The task is not as tough as we thought.
这项任务没有我们想象得那么艰巨。
He works harder than I.
他学习比我努力。
than后面宾格和主格都可以,宾格更常用,更加口语化。
注意:
1、如果than后保留动词, than后要用主格形式。
She loves the parrot more than he does.
她比他更爱这只鹦鹉。
(不能用him)
Marry runs much faster than I do.
玛丽跑得比我快多了。
(不能用me)
2、当宾语指人时, than后用主格或宾格, 意思有区别。
Jack knows me better than he.
杰克比他更了解我。
Jack knows me better than him.
杰克了解我胜过了解他。
巩固小练习:
1. Huawei has put so much into research ________ it has become a great company in the world.
A.that B.while C.because D.as
2. Our team won’t win the match ________ every member works together.
A.when B.as C.unless D.although
3.—Every year’s school concert is amazing! ________ it is fine next Friday, our school will hold it on the playground.
—Wonderful! All of us will enjoy ourselves.
A.Although B.If C.Until
4. It will cost you a lot of money ________ you choose to buy a flat in the city centre.
A.if B.although C.so that D.unless
5. ________ we walked into the museum, we saw thousands of beautiful butterflies.
A.Now that B.As soon as
C.Although D.So that
参考答案与解析:
1.A
【解析】
句意:华为在研究上投入了如此多, 以至于它已经成为世界上一家伟大的公司。
考查连词辨析。that常与so连用,so...that意为“如此……以至于”;while当……时候;because因为;as作为。根据题干可知,本题考查固定词组so...that,that引导结果状语从句,故选A。
2.C
【解析】
句意:除非每个队员都齐心协力,否则我们队不会赢得这场比赛。
考查连词辨析。when当……时候;as当……时候;unless除非,如果不;although尽管。根据“every member works together.”可知每个成员都齐心协力是赢得比赛的条件,应该用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。
3.B
【解析】
句意:——每年的学校音乐会都很精彩! 如果下周五天气好的话,我们学校将在操场上举行。——太棒了!我们所有人都会玩得很开心。
考查连词辨析。Although虽然;If如果;Until直到。“下周五天气好”是“我们学校将在操场上举行它”的条件,用If引导条件状语从句。故选B。
4.A
【解析】
句意:如果你选择在城市中心买一套公寓,它将花费你许多的钱。
考查连词词义辨析。if如果,引导条件状语从句;although虽然,引导让步状语从句;so that以便于,引导目的状语从句;unless除非,引导条件状语从句。根据“It will cost you a lot of money”和“you choose to buy a flat in the city centre”可知,此处应用if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。故选A。
5.B
【解析】
句意:我们一走进博物馆就看到成千上万只美丽的蝴蝶。
考查连词辨析。Now that既然;As soon as一……就;Although虽然;So that因此。根据“we walked into the museum, we saw thousands of beautiful butterflies.”可知,表达“我们一走进博物馆就看到成千上万只美丽的蝴蝶。”用As soon as引导从句。故选B。