条件、方式、目的、结果状语从句 语法考点总结（讲义）2024年中考英语 二轮复习语法专题

2024届 九年级中考英语 二轮复习【语法专题】
条件、方式、目的、结果状语从句 语法考点总结（讲义）
条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的词或词组常见的有：if（如果），if only （只要/要是……就……），unless（除非），as/so long as（除非；只要），once （一旦……就……），in case (如果，万一），on condition（that）（在……条件下;条件是），supposing/providing/provided/given（that）（假如）等。
If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll have a spring outing.
如果明天天气晴好，我们就去春游。
If only the ambulance had arrived in time.
要是救护车及时赶到就好了。
I’ll visit my teacher next Saturday, unless something unexpected happens.
下周六我会去看望老师，除非有意料之外的事。
I will attend the meeting as long as they invite me.
只要他们邀请我，我就去参加会议。
You’ll like him once you get to know him.
你一旦了解了他就会喜欢他的。
In case I'm late, you go there first.
万一我迟到了，你们就先去那儿吧。
He can tell me the truth on condition that I promise to keep it a secret.
他可以告诉我真相，条件是我答应保守秘密。
Providing/Supposing/Given/Provided (that) I promise to keep it a secret, he'll tell me the truth.
只要我答应保守秘密，他就把这个真相告诉我。
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“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise”引导的句子中，祈使句其实相当于条件状语从句。
Use your head, and you’ll find a solution.
动动脑筋，你就会找到解决办法。
Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise you’ll be late for work.
快点，否则你上班要迟到了。
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条件状语从句中的虚拟【拓展】
与现在事实相反，主句谓语用 “should/would/might/could/ +do”，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）。
If I were you, I would take his advice.
如果我是你，我就会听取他的劝告。
与过去事实相反，主句谓语用 “should/would/might/could/ +have done”，从句谓语用 “had+done”。
If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.
如果你听了我的劝告，你就不会犯这样的错误。
与将来事实相反，主句谓语用 “should/would/might/could/ +do”，从句谓语用“should do; were to do; 动词过去式（be动词用were）”
If it rained tomorrow, they would do indoor sports.
如果明天下雨，他们将进行室内运动。
省略if的虚拟条件句
在if 条件句中，如果从句谓语动词有were, had 或should, 可以省略if，把were, had 或should移到主语前（注意倒装）。
Were I you, I would make the same mistake.
（If I were you, ...）
如果我是你，我也会犯同样的错误。
Had you come earlier, you would have met her.
（If you had come earlier, ...）
如果你来得早一点，你就会见到她。
方式状语从句
方式状语从句多用来谈论某人的行为或者做某事的方式，常见引导词有as(像……一样，依照）, （just） as…so…（像……那样，正如……）, as if/as though（好像，宛如）等。
In the end, she succeeded as I expected.
她最终如我所料取得了成功。
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
（Just）as water is to fish, so air is to man.
空气之于人，犹如水之于鱼一样。
The girl spoke as if she had seen it before.
女孩说话的口气好像她曾经看到过似的。
as if/as though经常用在be，act，appear，behave，feel，look，seem，smell，sound，taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后，从句内容与事实相反，谓语要用虚拟语气；从句内容与事实相符，谓语则不用虚拟语气。
The boy acts as if he knew the solution.
男孩表现得好像知道解决办法一样。
（虚拟：事实是男孩不知道答案。）
The boy acts as if he knows the answer.
男孩表现得知道解决办法。
（真实：推测男孩很可能知道答案。）
She seems as if she hadn't slept for days.
她看起来仿佛好几天没睡了一样。
(虚拟：事实是睡了。)
She seems as if she hasn't slept for days.
她似乎好几天没睡了。
(真实：她确实好几天没睡了。)
注意：
as if和as though从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语是be动词时，可从句可省略主语和be动词。
He stood at the school gate as if（he was）waiting for someone.
他站在校门口好像在等什么人。
She seemed as if（she was）skilled in playing the violin.
她似乎擅长于拉小提琴。
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的词或短语常见的有：
so, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest等。
Move your chair a bit nearer so you can hear clearly.
把椅子挪近一点，这样你可以听得清楚。
She worked very hard so that / in order that she might realize her dream.
为了实现她的梦想，她非常努力地工作。
Keep quiet in case you (should) bother her when she is busy with her homework.
要保持安静，以防她忙着做家庭作业时你打扰她。
You must wake her up early lest she（should）be late for work．
你务必早点叫醒她，以免她上班迟到。
注意：由lest（以免；免得），in case（以防）和 for fear that（生怕，唯恐）引导的目的状语从句，从句的谓语部分用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
结果状语从句
引导结果状语的常用词或短语有：
so，so that，so...that...，such...that...，that等。
I overslept this morning so I was late for school.
早上我睡过头了，因此上学迟到了。
He is sick so that he can’t attend the meeting.
他病了，所以不能参加会议了。
The problem is of great importance that it cannot be neglected.
这个问题很重要，不容忽视。
so+adj./adv.+that
The box is so heavy that the boy could hardly move it.
这盒子很重，以至于这个男孩几乎搬不动。
He walks so slowly that he missed the bus.
他走得太慢以至于错过了公交车。
She is such a kind lady that we all like her very much.
她是一位如此善良的女士，我们都喜欢她。
so+adj.+a/an+n.+that
He is so smart a boy that our teachers like him.
他是一个如此聪明的男孩，以至于我们的老师都喜欢他。
so+many/much/few/little+n.+that
so与表数量的代词many，few，much，little等连用，不能换用such。
She has so many friends that her life is very colorful.
她有很多朋友，因此她的生活非常丰富多彩。
He has so few friends that his life is lonely.
他的朋友很少，因此他的生活非常孤单。
She talks so much that we feel bored.
她讲得滔滔不绝，以至于我们都觉得无聊透顶。
There is so little milk in the bottle that you can’t drink.
瓶子里的牛奶没了，所以你不能喝了。
such+a/an+adj.+n.+that
He is such a nice boy that he can help you.
他是一个如此好心的男孩，因此他会帮助你的。
such+adj.+n.(pl.)+that
They are such smart kids that we like them.
他们是如此聪明的孩子，以至于我们喜欢他们。
such+adj.+n.(U)+that
It is such fine weather that we’d like to go out for a walk.
天气这么好，以至于我们想出去散步。
同义句转换
She is too young to carry the bag.
= She is not old enough to carry the bag.
= She is so young that she can't carry the bag.
= She is such a young girl that she can't carry the bag.
她太小了，拿不动这个袋子。
so/such...that...引导时，可将so/such部分置于句首用于强调形容词或副词，注意主句要倒装。
So excited was I that I could hardly fall asleep.
我太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。
Such bad news did they get that they were very sad.
他们得到了如此坏的消息，以至于非常难过。