人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Grammar 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
限制性定语从句
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
关系代词引导的限定性定语从句
拓展和提高
定语从句的拆解分析
A
定语从句构成的要素
B
观察和分析定语从句
C
定语从句巩固练习
D
E
唐山大地震是
我的祖奶奶不能忘记的一次可怕经历
The Tangshan earthquake was a teerible experience that my great-grandma connot forget.
定义与类型 The structure of restrictive relative clauses
定语的概念
定语：修饰、限定名词或代词的成分，常翻译为“……的”。
常见作定语的词：形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语和定语从句等。
Mary is a beautiful girl.(形容词作定语)
Mary is a girl with long hair.(介词短语作后置定语)
Mary is a girl who has long hair. (句子作定语，修饰girl, 叫作定语从句)
定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个____________________ 。
被修饰的名词或代词即________ 。定语从句通常出现在先行词_______，由关系词（引导词）即________和________引出。
定义
先行词
名词或代词
关系代词
关系副词
之后
关系代词: who, whom, which, that, whose
关系副词： when, where, why
定语从句的位置
定语从句放在被修饰成分之后。
e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.
先行词
定语从句
Do you know the man
He spoke just now.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
定语从句的拆解分析
定语从句构成要素 elements
先行的名词或代词，
称作先行词
关系词
谓语动词
定语从句
China is a country that / which has a long history.
要素elements , , 都是必要的：
要素 指明被修饰的是哪个人或物
要素 是定语从句的关系词，在定语从句中担任句子成分，主
语，宾语或状语
要素 判断关系代词还是关系副词的判断依据
（这一点尤为重要）
先行词所指 关系词
关系词在从句中作用
人
人
物
人/物
人/物
先行词所指 关系词 关系词在从句中作用
人 who 主语、宾语
人 whom 宾语
物 which 主语、宾语
人/物 that 主语、宾语
人/物 whose 定语
判断关系代词的步骤steps：
Step 1:：确定现行词表述的是”人“ 还是”物“
Step 2：找到谓语动词（这一步很重要）
Step 3：谓语动词前为主语，谓语动词或介词后为宾语
这是一本吸引了很多人的书。(interest)
例句分析
句子主干：这是一本书。
This is a book.
限定成分：吸引了很多人的
Step 1：被限定的名词，即先行词为：
a book，指代物
指代物的关系词为which/that
Step 2：谓语动词为 interest
谓语动词后的宾语：many people
interest/interests many people
Step 3：谓语动词前缺失主语成分，先行词=关系词，a book，指代物，作主语，关系代词为which/that，三单主语，动词为三单
which/that interests many people
关系代词既作主语又作引导词
This is a book which/that interests many people.
先行词+定语从句：The woman who lives next door 住在隔壁的那个女人
住在隔壁的那个女人来自北京。
例句分析
句子主干：那个女人来自北京：The woman comes from Beijing.
限定成分：住在隔壁的 live next door ，对“那个女人”进行限定，先行词为“人”
谓语动词live 前缺失主语成分，故关系词在从句中作主语，指代人，who。
The woman who lives next door comes from Beijing.
1.who的用法：who指人，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有个女孩儿想见你。
2.whom的用法：whom指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略，此时也可用who代替。
The old man (who/whom) you saw yesterday is a teacher.
你昨天见到的那位老人是位老师。
关系代词的用法
3.whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。
关系代词的用法
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
这就是那位全国知名的科学家。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
[即时练1]　用适当的关系代词填空
①The girl ____________ graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
②This is the person _________________ you should thank for helping your son.
③Any student ____________ family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
④I like those books ____________ topics are about history.
who/that
who/whom/that
whose
whose
4. that和which的用法
(1) which指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词的用法
例句：This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。
例句：This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.
这就是我们近日来一直在找的小偷。
[即时练2]　用适当的关系代词填空
①I still keep the letter ____________ she wrote to me.
②Many westerners ____________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.
③Do you still remember the chicken farm _______________ we visited three months ago
④The film ____________ you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
(that/which)
who/that
(that/which)
(that/which)
4. that和which的用法
(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况。
a.当先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something，everything, nothing等不定代词时。
例句：Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside
能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？
b.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
例句：This is the first two－storey bus that runs in our city.
这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。
关系代词的用法
4. that和which的用法
(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that而不用which的情况。
c. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。
例句：This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.　
这就是妈妈一直在找的那条围巾。
d. 当先行词既有人又有物时。
例句： We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
关系代词的用法
Mum told me something __________ had happened to my father.
(2) This is the most interesting book _________ I have ever read .
(3) We got on the first bus ________ arrived on time.
(4) The only song _________ I like is “My heart will go on”.
(5) He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
(6) Which is the coat ________ you like best
[即时练 3 ]　用适当的关系代词填空
that
that
that
that
that
that
Mum told me something __________ had happened to my father.
(2) This is the most interesting book _________ I have ever read .
(3) We got on the first bus ________ arrived on time.
(4) The only song _________ I like is “My heart will go on”.
(5) He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
(6) Which is the coat ________ you like best
总结：
只用that不用which的情况
that
that
that
that
that
that
1. 当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
2. 当先行词被 the only, the very. any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right,the last, just 等词修饰时。
3. 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
5. 当先行词既有人又有物时。
6. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Which 和that同为关系代词，都可指物，并且有时会觉得用that 也可以，用which 也没错。但在哪些情况下是关系代词只能用which的呢？
拓展提高
1. 在非限定性定语从句中，无论如何也不能用that
These books, which you can get at any corner of the town will give you all the information.
这本书你可以在镇里的各个角落得到，它会给你所有的信息。
拓展提高
2. 关系代词前面出现介词时
Those days in which you could travel without a passport has gone.
那些你不用带护照可以旅行的日子一去不复返了。（此处which不可替换为that）
That`s the motel at which we stayed several years ago.
那是我们许多年以前停留的汽车旅馆。（此处which不可替换为that）
拓展提高
3. 当先行词本身为指示代词 that时
what about that which had appeared in recent activities.
那个怎么样，在最近的活动中出现过. (结合具体语境看that所指代的是什么)
特殊情况
The room in ________ he lives is very large.
(2) The picture was taken on a bridge, ________ was built 50 years ago.
关系代词只用which的情况：
(1) 关系代词前出现介词时只能用 which
(2) which 引导非限制性定语从句，既能修饰单个的词，还能修饰句子
which
which
There are three boys.
They are very humorous.
There are three boys who are very humorous.
请将以下两个简单句合并为一个定语从句。
My favorite show is the play.
The play is performed by Class one .
My favorite show is the play which/that is performed by
Class one .
请将以下两个简单句合并为一个定语从句。
How to write an attributive clause
Step1:找出两个 。
Step2:找出 (两个简单句中相同的部分)。
Step3:选择一个恰当的 ，连接两个句子。
定语从句知识点归纳
简单句
先行词
关系词
Consolidation
Complete the sentences.
Located in the east of Qingdao, Laoshan Mountain is a hill _______ covers an area of 446 km .
Wu Dajing, ______ is an athlete, won gold at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games.
Jackson is an actor ______performance is highly thought of by the public.
The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.
that/which
who
whose
that/which
that/who
Complete the sentences.
6. J.K. Rowling has written a series of books about Harry Porter, ______ earns her good reputation.
7. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
8. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher.
9. He is a teacher ______________I like very much.
10. Those _____will go to the park stay here.
which
whose
whom/who/that
who
that/which
1.（2019全国III卷 ）They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
2.（2019·全国II卷 ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 a.m. to 5p.m. daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，
she opened with her late husband Les.
考
衔
接
高
who/that
which
3. (2018全国I卷) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
4. （2017全国III卷）But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
which/that
who
考
衔
接
高
5.（2019全国III卷）In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them.
6. ( 2018全国I卷) They also had a small pond in they raised fish.
that/which
考
衔
接
高
which
1. 类型
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
2.关系代词
有逗号隔开
that
which
who
whom
whose
Thank you