人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册unit2 Healthy Lifestyle Learning about Language课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
选
必
三
Part 2 :
Learning about language
To use the key words in the reading text to complete the text summary;
To find collocations related to “habit” from the previous text;
To use vocabulary in context.
Complete the summary using the words from the box below.
alcohol, appropriate, cue, cycle, negative, pill, psychology, reward, tobacco, discipline
Teenagers often have bad habits. Most can be stopped by taking ___________ action. However, habits like _______ and _______ abuse can lead to serious addictions. According to modern __________, to change bad habits, we must first analyse them using the “habit ______”.
appropriate
alcohol
tobacco
psychology
cycle
To fix or improve a bad habit, we must first find out what the ______ is. Then we must change the old ________ routine to something more positive. If successful, we will feel a sense of ________ and our bad habit may disappear. Changing a bad habit is difficult, and it is easy to make excuses and give up.
cue
negative
reward
We need to make up our minds and show some __________, and make small changes over time. There is no magic ______ to help us, but changing will ensure we have a happy and healthy life!
discipline
pill
Find “verb+a+habit“ collocations from the previous text. Then make sentences with them.
养成习惯 form a habit
改变习惯 change a habit
认知习惯
防止习惯
recognise a habit examine a habit
learn about a habit
understand a habit
adapt a habit replace a habit
break a habit
create a habit build a habit
prevent a habit
Complete the passage using the correct
forms of the words in the box.
examine, dominate, facilitate, rely on
Simply speaking, a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices. Life is composed of many elements, such as family, friends, study, work, entertainment and so on. If one element __________ your life and the others are ignored, you will lose balance and not feel good.
dominates
Carefully ___________ your daily activities. Your
health _________ what you choose to do in your daily life. A healthy lifestyle is generally a balanced life in which you make wise choices. Neither too much nor too little is good.
Slowly __________ changes in your lifestyle by using a step-by-step process. You do not have to change everything at once. Make small changes each day and your lifestyle will become healthier.
examine
relies on
facilitate
1.These bad habits，if left unchecked，could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 这些坏习惯，如果放任不管，长大后可能会导致更严重的后果。
【句式分析】本句是复合句。if left unchecked 是条件状语从句的省 略，if 后面省略了they are。
状语从句的省略
（1）可以省略成分的状语从句：时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句等。
（2）状语从句省略成分的条件：从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是 it；从句谓语含有 be，包括系动词 be、进行时态的be 或被动语态的 be。
（ 3）常见的连词有：when，while，once，before，till/until，whenever； if，unless；though/although；as，as if 等。
单元复杂句式研析
状语从句省略成分后的常见类型：连词+ 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 介词短语/ 形容词。
If involved in this case，you will be punished.
如果卷入这件事，你将受到惩罚。（省略you are）
If necessary，you can choose me to make the presentation.
如果有必 要的话，你可以选择我来做这个报告。（省略it is）
以下为约定俗成的省略形式：
if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样；否则
if ever 如果曾经有的话 if any 如果有的话
if/when necessary 如果有必要的话/ 在必要的时候
if/when possible 如果可能的话/ 在可能的时候
单元复杂句式研析
（1）Though 　　　　 　（annoy） at Tom’s words，she forced a smile.
（2）There are some health problems that，when not 　　　　 　（treat） in time，can become bigger ones later on.
（3）Harriet Stowe，mother of six，wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while _______ 　　　　 　（cook）.
（4）If 　　　　 　（accept）for the job，you’ll be informed soon.
（5）I’m interested in the music club and I’d like to join it 　　　　 　 possible.
完成句子
（6） 　　　　　（如果可能）， I will learn to carve.
（7） 　　 　　　　 　　 （必要的时候），I will step out of my comfort zone.
annoyed
treated
cooking
Harriet Stowe 与cook 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。while cooking 补充完整为while she was cooking。句意：哈里特 斯托是六个孩子的母亲，她在做饭时写下了《汤姆叔叔的小屋》的部分内容。
accepted
if
If possible
When necessary
单句语法填空
2.（课本P16）Simply speaking, a healthy lifestyle is about finding the right balance and making good choices.
（1）一些不定式短语可用作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句末，用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。
说实话，我不喜欢这部影片中的那个有天赋的女演员。
To tell the truth，I don’t like the gifted actress in the movie.
（2）常用短语
to sum up 总而言之 to be brief 简言之
to tell the truth 说实话 to be exact 确切地说
to conclude 总而言之，最后 to be frank 坦白地说
to begin/start with 首先 to be honest 说老实话
坦白说，你的理论太抽象，学生们理解不了。
To be frank，your theory is too abstract for the students to understand.
单元复杂句式研析
完成句子
（1） 　　　　　 　　　（总而言之），most of the committee members supported the idea but a few were against it.
（2） 　　　　　（简言之），he was happy with the result.
（3）She wrote， 　　　　　（确切地说），ten novels in her lifetime.
（4） 　　　　　　　　（首先），he’s too young for that kind of job.
（5） 　　　　　 （说老实话），I don’t really want to go to the party tonight.
To sum up/To conclude
To be brief
to be exact
To begin/start with
To be honest
3.疑问词 + 不定式
该结构的句法功能：主语、宾语和表语
How to reduce the footprint of carbon is very crucial.
如何降低碳的排放量是极其重要的。（作主语）
The question is when to overcome the infectious virus.
问题是何时开始攻克这种传染性病毒。（作表语）
I know where to find that patriotic young man.
我知道到哪里去找那个爱国的年轻人。（作宾语)
【学法点拨】
“ 疑问词+不定式”结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句。
A judge must decide whose proof to believe.
= A judge must decide whose proof he/she should believe.
法官必须决定相信谁的证据。
单元复杂句式研析
单句语法填空
（1）I couldn’t decide 　　　　 　 bike to buy.
（2）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how 　　　　 　__________（read） fast.
（3）When and where 　　　　 　（celebrate）his success hasn’t been decided.
完成句子
（4） 　　　　　　　　（何时搞清楚） the problem hasn’t been decided.
（5）They didn’t decide 　 　　　　 　　（在哪里举行） the debate.
（6）The question is 　　 　　　　 　　 　（怎样拆卸） the machine.
which
to read
to celebrate
When to figure out
where to hold
how to take apart
Part 2 :
Learning about language
Discover useful structures
To learn infinitives used as subjects
To use infinitives to complete the exercises
Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the italicised infinitives. Find more infinitives in the reading passage. In pairs, discuss their meanings and functions.
1 To change bad habits is never easy.
2 It took the surgeon (n.外科医生) three hours to finish my mother’s lung surgery (n. 外科手术).
主语
主语
3 To join the People’s Liberation (n. 解放) Army , it is required for men to shave off (剃掉,刮掉)their beards.
4 It was not polite to disturb(v. 打扰)your neighbours with loud music last night.
目的状语
主语
主语
More sentences in the reading passage:
However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
动词不定式作主语常见的三种形式
1. 不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用单数。
e.g. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。
To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.
学习一项技能对社会上的每个人都很重要。
To finish the building in a month is difficult.
要在一个月内完成这座建筑是困难的。
2. 动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用构成不定式短语，也可作主语。
e.g.
How to use the computer is the question.
如何使用计算机是个问题。
Where to go has not been decided.
去哪儿还没有定下来。
3. 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。
e.g. It’s not easy to work out the problem.
= To work out the problem is not easy.
计算出这道题不容易。
It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。
It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。
it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中：
It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth.
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
【温馨提示】
常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。
1) It is ＋ adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.
sb. 是to do sth.的逻辑主语
It is +adj.+ for/of sb. to do sth.
e.g. It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.
对年轻的学生来说，学习一门外语是必要的。
It is necessary for you to change your job.
你有必要换工作。
It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.
他们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项任务。
It’s important for us to keep the water clean.
保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。
常见的此类形容词有： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
2) It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
形容词用来表示不定式的逻辑主语(sb.)的性质、特征或品德
e.g.
It was silly of you to give up such a good chance！
你放弃这么好的一个机会，真傻!
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.
这家人对我很友好，使我在他们家里感到宾至如归。
It was rude of the boy to jump the queue!
那个男孩插队真是太无礼了!
常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth.
e.g. What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film.
真遗憾你错过了这样一个精彩的电影。
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.
乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。
It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间(钱)
e.g.
It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening.
昨天晚上我做作业用了一个多小时。
It will take us a lot of money to buy that house.
买那套房子要花费我们很多钱。
Join the words to make full sentences, and then join the sentences to make a paragraph. You can add your own sentences if necessary to make your paragraph more meaningful.
1. important / avoid / passive cigarette smoking
It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking.
n. 香烟
2. will take / nutrition specialist / a balanced diet menu / make / an hour / for you
It will take the nutrition specialist an hour to
make a balanced diet for you.
3. useful / turn to / fitness consultant / for advice
It is useful to turn to the fitness consultant for
advice.
n. 专家
n. 顾问
4. illegal / dangerous / take drugs
5. harmful / skip breakfast / often
It is illegal and dangerous to take drugs.
It is harmful to skip breakfast often.
n. 毒品，药品
v. 跳过
To get healthy and get rid of bad habits, sometimes it is also a good idea to get professional help. It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you. It is also useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice.
You can also help yourself with some common sense. For example, it is harmful to skip breakfast too often. It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking. And, of course, it is dangerous to take illegal drugs too.
Complete the conversations with the correct
forms of the phrases in the box.
1. A: Hello, doctor. I want to lose weight, but I just can’t seem to do it. What can you do to help me
B: Well, first, it’s necessary to ________________ what you eat. Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks, and eat more fruit and vegetables.
be in control of
begin with, be in control of, make a choice, decide on, make up one’s mind
2. A: I really need to ____________ a way to exercise more.
I could use a fitness app, but my phone’s full.
B: So delete a few files. I’m sure the app doesn’t take up much space.
3. A: Before exercising, always do a few warm-ups to _____________.
B: I know. But then I always feel too tired to continue!
decide on
begin with
making choices
made up my mind
4. A: Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken I hate _________________ like these. You know what — I’m going to eat both!
B: Wow! Don’t eat too much junk food — you’ll get fat, I’ve actually ___________________ to go on a diet, so I’ll just stick to the fruit salad.
语法归纳
Task 11
不定式的句法功能
作宾语
作主语
作表语
作定语
作状语
作补语
V+ to do sth.
V+疑问词+ to do sth.
It’s+adj+of/for sb. to do sth.
be+to do sth.
被修饰词（名词或代词）+to do sth.
不定式作定语作状语时，注意不定式与修饰词之间的关系，是逻辑上的主谓关系还是动宾关系，是动宾关系时，不定式如果为不及物动词时，其后应有介词。
原因状语
目的状语
结果状语
to/only to/in order to /so as to /such as to
too...to 结构表否定
adj. enough to do sth.结构表肯定
v+宾语+to do sth.
Task 12
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
1.Swimming is fun in summer.
To swim in this river is a great pleasure.
动名词作主语：表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词;
夏天游泳是有趣的事。
不定式作主语：表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。
在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
Task 12
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
2.To see is to believe. ＝Seeing is believing.
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting
coins also gives him great pleasure.
眼见为实。
动名词和不定式在平行结构中要用前后一致的形式。
钓鱼是他的爱好，收集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。
动名词和不定式做主语和表语要用同一种形式;
Task 12
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
3.根据汉语意思完成句子
It’s no good/use ________________.
找他谈是没有用的。
It’s useless ____________________.
讨论此事无益。
There is no _______________.
无法阻止他。
____________!
禁止停车！
以上句式中通常要用动名词形式。
talking to him
discussing the matter
stopping him
No parking
It’s no good/use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no doing sth.
Task 12
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
4.根据汉语意思完成句子
It took us two hours _______________.
去那里我们花了两个小时。
It is necessary for us ____________________.
我们有必要学好英语。
动名词和不定式在平行结构中要用前后一致的形式。
to get there
to learn English well
It took sb. sometime to do sth. .
It is +adj.+for sb.+ to do sth. .
Task 12
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
5.It’s nice having friends to chat to.
It’s nice to be talking with you here.
有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。
动名词作主语并不是表示某动作正在进行，而是表示经常性或习惯性的行为；
不定式的进行时作主语才表示具体的某一动作正在进行。
在这里跟你交谈是非常愉快的。
经常性、一般性或习惯性的行为
一次具体的正在进行的行为
Exercises
Fill in the correct forms of the verbs.
1.It took years of work ___________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
2.__________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
3.To do this _____ (be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
4._____ is difficult for him to admit his mistakes.
5.It was selfish _____ him not to share his dictionary with others.
to reduce
Walking
is
It
of
Complete the sentences according to Chinese meaning.
1．It takes us hours __________________ every day.我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。
2．__________________ will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
3．__________________ in one day is impossible.在一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
4．_____________________ a foreign language well.要把一门外语学好不容易。
5．It’s very interesting _________________.
踢足球很有趣。
6．Father criticized me and told me it’s wrong ____________________________.
父亲批评了我并且告诉我捉弄别人是错误的。
to do our homework　
To finish the task
to play football
to play tricks on other people
Exercises
To finish this job
It’s not easy to learn
语法填空
Lucy is a pretty English girl with a
_________(promise) future. It’s her dream ___________ (become) a Chinese professor in the university. She knows it’s necessary but a little difficult ______ her to master Chinese, at the same time what she should do is_______(improve) her communicating ability so she is active_________ (take) part in school activities and Chinese speaking contests.
promising
to become
Exercises
for
improve
to take
语法填空
It takes her three months _________
(practise). She is excellent at __________ (speak) Chinese and can communicate well. It is unbelievable for her ______ (make) such a rapid progress in such a short time. The teacher praises her and gives her a chance___________ (perform) a play in Chinese on the stage. _________ is a pleasure for her to get the chance. It seems her dream will come true.
to practise
to perform
Exercises
speaking
to make
It
Language points
1. shave 考查热度★★
【热点品味】shave vi. ，vt. & n. 剃(须发)；刮脸
【教材原句】To join the People's Liberation Army,it is required for men to shave off their beards.
要加入人民解放军，男性必须剃掉胡须。
【实例品读】
I lathered my face and started to shave.
我往脸上涂了皂沫，然后开始刮胡子。
Father shaved his beard.
父亲剃了胡须。
【热点归纳】
(1)shave off 剃掉；刮去
(2)shave up 剃光
(3)shaver n. 理发师；电动剃刀
Language points
【考点精练】完成句子
①Do you ________________ every day
你每天都刮脸吗？
②The barber ________________ and a haircut.
理发师给他修面理发。
gave him a shave
shave your face
Language points
2.disturb 考查热度★★★
【热点品味】disturb vt. 打扰；搅乱；使烦恼
【教材原句】
It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.
昨晚用大声的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。
【实例品读】
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
他们摘下电话听筒，以免电话打扰他们。
It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.
你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
【热点归纳】
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的
disturbed adj. 心神不安的；担心的
disturbance n. 打扰；扰乱；骚动
Language points
【考点精练】用disturb的适当形式填空
①Don’t __________ the sleeping child.
②The _____________ news has made everyone present upset.
③The drunken man caused a ______________ in the street.
disturbing　
disturb　
disturbance　
3. consultant 考查热度★★
【热点品味】consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师
【教材原句】
It is useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice.
向健身顾问寻求建议是有用的。
【实例品读】
He is a consultant on labor affairs to the mayor.
他是市长的一个劳工顾问。
There’re many consultants in hospital.医院里有很多会诊医生。
Language points
【热点归纳】
consultant service 咨询服务
consult v. 查阅；商量；向……请教
consult the dictionary 查字典
consult about 就……请教
consult sb. on sth. 请教某人某事
consult with 与……商量
consult with sb. about a problem
与某人就一个问题进行磋商
Language points
Language points
【考点精练】语法填空
①Have you consulted a doctor ________ your fever
②Before we accept the management’s offer we must consult _______ the workers again.
③He was appointed as a _____________ (consult) to a software firm.
完成句子
④______________________, only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point.
所有的顾问当中，只有王先生提了一些中肯的建议。
⑤ I need to __________________________ on the proposals.
我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
about 　
consult with my colleagues　
with 　
consultant
Of all the consultants　
Language points
4.cut out 考查热度★★★★★
【热点品味】 cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)
【教材原句】
Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks, and eat more fruit and
vegetables.
戒掉所有高脂肪食物和含糖饮料，多吃水果和蔬菜。
【实例品读】
You’d better not cut out the important details.
你最好不要把重要细节删掉。
The doctor advised me to cut out smoking and drinking.
医生建议我戒烟戒酒。
【热点归纳】
cut off 中断；切掉；使……与外界隔绝
cut in (马达或发动机)发动；插话；超车抢道
cut down(on sth. )削减，缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)
cut up 切碎；使悲伤
cut through 开辟(出路或通道)
Language points
【考点精练】　单句语法填空
①The tailor carefully examined the cloth before starting to cut ______ the garment.
②When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut ______ from the world.
③—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting _____ chilies for the last five minutes.
out　
up　
off　
Language points
5.take up 考查热度★★★★★
【热点品味】take up拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
【教材原句】
I'm sure the app doesn't take up much space.
戒掉所有高脂肪食物和含糖饮料，多吃水果和蔬菜。
【实例品读】
She took up the receiver and began to dial the number.
她拿起听筒开始拨电话号码。
He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.
他并不特别想从事竞技体育运动。
【热点归纳】 take down取下；记下take on雇用；呈现
take back收回；使回想起 take off脱下；起飞；开始成功
take in包括；欺骗；吞入(体内) take… as… 把……理解为/当作
take over接管；接任 take out带……出去
take apart拆开
Language points
【考点精练】　单句语法填空
①Their flight has been delayed due to the bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take ______.
②I am sorry to have taken _____ so much of your time.
③Some insects take _____ the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
④The more fat you take _____ before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
off　
on　
up　
in　
1. [2019·全国I卷] It is difficult _____________ (figure) out a global population of polar bears.
2. [2020·江苏卷] The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise _____________ (skip) eating first.
3. [2019·天津卷改编] Then we will know how important it is _____________ us to have meaning in our life.
to figure
to skip
for
4. [2019·天津3月卷] Coming out of this experience, I
realize it is OK _____________ (be) different from others.
5. [2018·全国Ⅱ卷] Exercise energizes you, so ________
is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
to be
it