2023年中考英语专项被动语态讲义（含答案）

英语中考专项被动语态一
第一：定义：被动语态是一种语法形式，用于表达动作的接受者或受事者是动作的执行者。在被动语态中，动作的执行者通常成为句子的主语，而接受者或受事者则成为动词的逻辑主语。
被动语态的构成通常由下列要素组成：
1. 助动词 "be" 的不同时态形式（如am/is/are, was/were, has/have been, will be等）。
2. 动词的过去分词形式（如done, seen, written）。
根据句子的时态和语态，助动词 "be" 和过去分词会发生变化，以匹配主语的人称和数：
1)一般现在时： am / is / are + done
2) 一般过去时： was / were +done
3)一般将来时： shall / will +be+ done am/is/are going to +be+done
4)现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done
5)现在完成时： have / has + been +done
6)过去进行时： was / were + being + done would/should be done
7)过去完成时： had + been + done
8)含情态动词的被动语态： can/may/must/should＋be＋done
3.主动语态变被动语态
1主动语态： The boybrokethe window yesterday.
↓↓ 动作执行者 动词主动形式 动作承受者
被动语态: The windowwas brokenby the boy yesterday.
动作承受者 动词被动形式 动作执行者
用一张图来解释：
主动语态变被动语态
主动语态：We(主语）speak（谓语）English（宾语）.
被动语态：English（主语） isspoken （谓语）by us(宾语）.
第二：各种时态的例子：
1一般现在时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的一般现在时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"is/are + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：They clean the house every week.
被动语态：The house is cleaned by them every week.
2. 主动语态：She cooks dinner for us.
被动语态：Dinner is cooked for us by her.
2一般过去时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的一般过去时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"was/were + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：He repaired the car yesterday.
被动语态：The car was repaired by him yesterday.
2. 主动语态：They found the lost key.
被动语态：The lost key was found by them.
3现在进行时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的现在进行时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"is/are being + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：She is preparing dinner right now.
被动语态：Dinner is being prepared by her right now.
2. 主动语态：They are discussing the plan for the project.
被动语态：The plan for the project is being discussed by them.
4.过去进行时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的过去进行时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"was/were being + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：He was fixing the car all afternoon.
被动语态：The car was being fixed by him all afternoon.
2. 主动语态：They were discussing the issue when I arrived.
被动语态：The issue was being discussed by them when I arrived.
5.现在完成时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的现在完成时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"has/have been + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：She has written three books.
被动语态：Three books have been written by her.
2. 主动语态：They have finished the project.
被动语态：The project has been finished by them.
6.过去完成时态的被动语态：
当我们将主动语态的过去完成时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"had been + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：She had completed the task before the deadline.
被动语态：The task had been completed by her before the deadline.
2. 主动语态：They had already eaten all the pizza by the time I arrived.
被动语态：All the pizza had already been eaten by them by the time I arrived.
7一般将来时态的被动语态例子：
当我们将主动语态的一般将来时转换成被动语态时，我们使用"will be + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态：They will finish the project by tomorrow.
被动语态：The project will be finished by them by tomorrow.
2. 主动语态：We will send you the package next week.
被动语态：The package will be sent to you next week.
含情态动词的被动语态例子：
当使用情态动词"can"和"must"的被动语态时，需要使用"can be/must be + 过去分词"的形式。以下是两个例子：
1. 主动语态（can）：He can fix the problem.
被动语态（can）：The problem can be fixed by him.
2. 主动语态：（must）：You must complete the task.
被动语态（must）：The task must be completed by you.
在这些例子中，"can"表示能力或可能性，而"must"表示必要性或义务。通过被动语态，强调了对动作或任务的承担者的能力、必要性以及责任。
第三：小试牛刀
请根据上下文和语态要求，选择最恰当的选项填空：
1. The new product _________ by our team next week.
A. will be launched
B. launches
C. is launching
D. has been launched
2. The letter __________ to the wrong address yesterday。.
A. sends
B. was sent
C. has sent
D. will send
3. The cake __________ by my mother last month。
A. was baked
B. bakes
C. has baked
D. will be baking
4. The concert __________ at 7 pm tomorrow.
A. will be held
B. holds
C. is holding
D. has held
5. The rules __________ before the game starts.
A. will be explained
B. explains
C. are explaining
D. have explained
The application __________ by the HR department tonight。
A.had reviewed
B. reviews
C. will be reviewed
D. has reviewed
7. The cake ____________ by my sister for the party tonight.
A. will be made
B. makes
C. is making
D. has made
8. The book ___________ by many people before being published.
A. will be read
B. reads
C. is reading
D. has been read
9. The meeting ___________ by the CEO.
A. will be chaired
B. chairs
C. is chairing
D. has chaired
10. The car ___________ last week.
A. was stolen
B. steals
C. has stolen
D. will steal
11. The report ___________ in the next few days.
A. will be released
B. releases
C. is releasing
D. has released
12. The job offer __________ by the end of the week.
A. will be made
B. makes
C. is making
D. has made
13. The dishes ___________ by the restaurant's chef.
A. will be cooked
B. cooks
C. is cooking
D. has cooked
14. The problem __________ to be solved as soon as possible.
A. needs
B. needed
C. needs to be
D. needed to be
15. The decision ___________ by the committee next month.
A. makes
B. will be made
C. is making
D. has made
以下是每个问题的答案：
1. A. will be launched2. B. was sent3. A. was baked4. A. will be held
5. A. will be explained6. C. will be reviewed7. A. will be made
8. D. has been read9. A. will be chaired10. A. was stolen11. A. will be released
12. A. will be made13. A. will be cooked14. C. needs to be15. B. will be made
第四： 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。(请注意语态)
1.Many flowers ___________（plant）every year.
2. A large number of trees______________（cut）down every year．
3. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.
5.We must (plant)more trees.
答案：
1. Many flowers are planted every year.
2. A large number of trees are cut down every year.
3. The students are often told to take care of their desks and chairs.
4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits are sold in this shop.
5. We must plant more trees.
第五：汉译英
1. 这个问题经常被讨论。
2. 那个项目昨天被完成了。
3. 这间房子上个月被出租出去了。
4. 这个任务必须完成。
5. 这个问题将来会被解决。
答案：
1. This question is often discussed.
2. That project was completed yesterday.
3. This house was rented out last month.
4. This task must be completed.
5. This issue will be resolved in the future.