-2024届高三英语二轮复习专项复习语法基础课件(共40张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | -2024届高三英语二轮复习专项复习语法基础课件(共40张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 36.9MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-23 18:35:20 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共40张PPT)
高考英语专项复习
——语法基础
授课老师：your name
CONTENTS
目录
课前测验
1
语法基础与练习
2
课前测验
PART ONE
课前回顾
1.必须指出坚持很重要。
2.如果有梦想，就应该会成功。
3.越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重。
4.这两天心里很不爽。
5.全球在变暖。
6.嫉妒本身就是一种欲望。
7.毫无疑问，溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了。
8.保护运动员是应该的。
9.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
10.我在思考外星人真的存在吗？
11.关键是你什么时候有钱。
12.总有一天你会发现，事业，亲情，友情都比爱情重要。
语法基础与练习
PART TWO
语法基础
名词性从句
几个满分句型
It is apparent明显的 that ...
It looks beyond dispute讨论 that ...
It has been widely accepted that ...
It is universally普遍的 acknowledged认为 that ...
It keeps my argument that ...
argue v.
语法基础
练习1：显而易见，关于勤奋(diligence)的话题已经引起了广泛关注(limelight)。
It is apparent that the topic of diligence has attracted widespread limelight.
练习2：没有什么可以掩盖他正在变老这个事实。
It is universally acknowledged that he's getting old.
练习3：温室(greenhouse)里的花朵不能经受(undergo)风雨这个事实证明
(prove/indicate/show)我们不应该溺爱孩子。
It keeps my argument that the flowers in the greenhouse cannot undergo wind and rain proves that we should not spoil children.
语法基础
如何识别主从？
只要见到有引导词放在句首，且从句后没有句号隔开，则一定是主语从句。
除此之外，
it...that也通常是主语从句，主从 从that开始到句末结束。
如何识别宾从？
只要定义动词后有引导词就暂定为宾从
如何识别表语从句？
只要系动词后有引导词就是表从
如何识别同位语从句？
只要名词后有引导词，就暂定为同位语从句
语法基础
定语和定语从句
1.什么是定语？ 只要听到...的 + 名词，“...的”就是修饰这个名词的定语成分
2.定语的成分
1）形容词作定语
The innocent nightingale died.
2)名词（短语）作定语
The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.
语法基础
定语和定语从句
2.定语的成分
3)介词短语作定语
The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs叹息 of the youngster.
4)非谓语动词作定语
The singing nightingale lost his life.
5)从句作定语
Dad found a used coupe whose overall look he liked.
语法基础
定语和定语从句
3.定语的位置
前小后大：一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前
多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后
This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.
The youngster grasping romance left the party of the price.
The boy rejected looks pitiful.
当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也放在名词后。
I have something important to tell you.
当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词，通常也放在名词后。
为什么呢？
语法基础
定语从句
1.构成
n.+引导词+句子（从句）
2.定从的引导词
引导词按先行词种类分类，一共有五类
先行词是人，引导词有：who,whom,whose
物：that,which,whose
时间：that,which,when
地点：that,which.where
原因：that,which,why
谁决定引导词的用法：先行词 、引导词在句中充当的成分 共同决定
语法基础
定语从句
3.定从引导词新的分类标准:
引导词可以按照引导词本身的词性分类：
代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语）：who,whom,that,which
副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where,when,why
形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的名词）：whose
语法基础
4.练习：
1.被夜莺用生命交换而来的玫瑰被丢弃了。
The rose exchanged for life by the nightingale has been discarded.
2.圆形屋顶的建筑看起来很漂亮。
The building with a circular roof looks very beautiful.
3.穿着我自己的鞋子，不仅更加方便(convenient)，而且确保一个点就是其他人的感受可以被忽略。
Wearing my own shoes is not only more convenient, but also ensures that the feelings of others can be ignored.
语法基础
4.练习：
4.这个问题的重点是，谁应该对道德的降低负责任。
The focus of this question is who should be responsible for moral degradation.
5.外表看起来不得体indecent的他有着高尚(noble)的思想。
He looks inappropriate on the outside and has noble ideas.
语法基础
4.练习：
6.上课难以集中注意力(concentrate in)但是希望通过考试的同学将会发现结果总是差强人意的。（less impressive）
Students who have difficulty concentrating in class but hope to pass the exam will find that the results are always less impressive.
7.成功属于belong to有梦想的人这件事情已经被很多事实所证明了。
It keeps my argument that success belongs to people with dreams has been proven by many facts.
语法基础
定语从句
5.定语从句的特殊用法
1)that做引导词时的省略
that在定从中做宾语时，that可以省略
例：I enjoy the book my mom bought to me.
在分析长难句时，如见到两个名词或代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了that 的定从
语法基础
定语从句
5.定语从句的特殊用法
2)区别限制和非限制性定从
I love Claire, who is beautiful. 限制性
I love Claire who is beautiful. 非限制性
区别在于在分析长难句时，非限制性定从相当于插入语句可以完全不看
语法基础
定语从句
3）先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况
人不用who，只能用whom
物不用that，只能用which
例：He is the man who/whom we should learn from.
He is the man from whom we should learn.
I will never forget the day that I met you on.
I will never forget the day when /on which I met you.
4）区别 the same as; the same ... that 引导的定从
两者之间有什么区别？
语法基础
3）先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况
人不用who，只能用whom
物不用that，只能用which
例：He is the man who/whom we should learn from.
He is the man from whom we should learn.
I will never forget the day when/on which I met you.
4）区别 the same as; the same ... that 引导的定从
例：He is the same man as(像) I love.
He is the same man that I love.
语法基础
5）as和which引导的非限制性定从
which引导的非限制定从可以修饰前面整个句子，as也可以
但which只能放在主句的后面，但as可前可后
例：He enjoys talking with young ladies, which drives me mad.
As drives me mad, he enjoys talking with young ladies.
语法基础
6.区分定从和同位语从句
I have a dream that sounds funny. 定从
I have a dream that I will become a rich lady. 同位语从句
(1)相同点：都是先行词加引导词加句子
(2)不同点：看从句本身的意思，定从是从前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面
名词的解释
练习：看到蝴蝶，很美丽/看到蝴蝶，一种可以飞在天空的小动物。
Seeing butterflies, it's very beautiful/Seeing butterflies, a small animal that can fly in the sky.
语法基础
(2)不同点：
看从句本身的意思，定从是从前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面名词的解释
看引导词that在从句中是否充当成分，如果充当了成分，就是定从
定从先行词可以是所有名词，而同位语从句先行词只能是抽象名词
定从引导词一共有8个，同位语从句引导词一般是that
语法基础
7.定从考点分析-写作 习惯性的加入定语
1.宠物(Pets)可以减少孤独。
Pets which are cute and healthy can help the elders without descendants to take care of them to relieve loneliness
2.读书可以增加所有儿童和成人的知识。
Reading books which benefit our physical and mental healthy can increase knowledge of all kids and adults.
语法基础
7.定从考点分析-写作 习惯性的加入定语
1.宠物(看起来可爱并且健康的)可以减少（of senior citizens without any
descendants who can take care of them）孤独(loneliness)。
2.读书（which对我们的身心健康有好处）可以增加所有儿童和成人的知识。
语法基础
英汉差异对比
①汉意合，英汉合
A：句子结构上
B：逻辑关系词的使用上
②汉语多主动，英语多被动
练习：近几年，一系列的行动被政府(authorities)接收来预防灾害。
In recent years, a series of actions have been accepted by authorities to
prevent disasters.
disadvantage n.缺点
disadventure n. 灾难
语法基础
②汉语多主动，英语多被动
近几年，一系列的行动被政府接收来预防灾害。
In the past decades, a variety of actions were adopted by the authorities to
prevent disasters.
③汉语多短句，英语多长句
长→短句：(1)非谓语动词 (2)从句
练习：门将会被对联(couplets)装饰，这些对联的主题包含健康，财富和好运。
Doors will be decorated by couplets whose topic included health, good luck
and wealth.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
一、形容词，副词能充当的成分
1.形容词：定语，表语
2.副词：修饰实义动词/形容词/副词/整个句子
①He cried sadly. ②He looks especially sad.
③He cried rather sadly. ④Actually, he cries.
什么是状语：
状语就是一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分
状语在一句话中，除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都能修饰
语法基础
状语和状语从句
2.状语的成分：
①She cried sadly. ②She cried like a boy losing his toy.
③She cried,sitting here. ④She cried when she sat there.
3.状语的位置：随便放
4.状语从句
引导词的分类标准：按引导词本身的意思分类，共分为九类
(1)时间状语从句
引导词：
when = while = as
注：当while作为当 ... 的时候时，后面用进行时
语法基础
状语和状语从句
before
after
since
the moment = as soon as
by the time
until
not ... until
语法基础
状语的时态问题：
在所有状从中，如主句动作和从句动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）
练习：当爱来临的时候，我会牵住她的手。
When love comes, I will hold her hand.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
区别until和not ... until
例： I will wait here until you come.
I will not leave until you come.
区别在于看主句 动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词
until not...until
练习：直到长大，我才意识到母亲的伟大。
when引导的时间状语从句省略的情况
When I was a kid, I enjoy singing songs.
注：when引导的时间状从，如果主和从句主语一致，并且从句谓语中有be动词，此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略， 用法与前面讲到的非谓语动词相近
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(2)地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
练习：这种树在大多数地方都长势良好。
This kind of trees grow well in most places.
注：做地点状语的通常都是介短，很少是从从句
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(3)原因状语从句
译为”因为“
引导词：
because/as/since/in that/seeing that/cosidering that/how that/given that
连词：
for
介短：
because of/due to/owing to/thanks to/for the sake of/as result of +n./doing
语法基础
练习：
因为他的无意，他发生了一起车祸。 （because/for/because of）
careless adj. 粗心的 carelessness n.粗心的
He had a car accident because of being careless.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(4)目的状语从句
引导词：
to/in order to/so as to 表示目的，后面+动原
so that/in order that so that 表示目的，通常放在句末，不放在句首
(5)结果状语从句
引导词：
so...that so+adj./adv.+that
such...that such+n.+that
练习：今天如此热以至于我穿了裙子
It's so hot today that I'm wearing a skirt.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(6)让步状语从句
引导词：
although/though/even though/even if/as/while (虽然，尽管)
注：while翻译成”虽然“的意思讲，只能放句首，不能放句中
as的部分倒装：
as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装
As I seem ugly, I keep gentle. Ugly as I seem, I keep gentle
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(7)方式状语从句
引导词：
as/the way/as if/though 好像，似乎
介短做状语：
by/through/be means of/in ...way
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(8)条件状语从句
引导词：
suppose that/supposing that 假如
if/unless
provided that/as long as/so long as 只要，如果
练习：如果存在一丝(a ghost of)希望，我将不会放弃。
If there is a glimmer of hope, I will not give up.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(9)比较状语从句
引导词：
as ... as 比较结构
练习：你看起来像我一样美丽
You look as beautiful as me.
高考英语专项复习
——语法基础
授课老师：your name
CONTENTS
目录
课前测验
1
语法基础与练习
2
课前测验
PART ONE
课前回顾
1.必须指出坚持很重要。
2.如果有梦想，就应该会成功。
3.越来越多的人认为过度捕捞很严重。
4.这两天心里很不爽。
5.全球在变暖。
6.嫉妒本身就是一种欲望。
7.毫无疑问，溺爱孩子的问题越来越严重了。
8.保护运动员是应该的。
9.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
10.我在思考外星人真的存在吗？
11.关键是你什么时候有钱。
12.总有一天你会发现，事业，亲情，友情都比爱情重要。
语法基础与练习
PART TWO
语法基础
名词性从句
几个满分句型
It is apparent明显的 that ...
It looks beyond dispute讨论 that ...
It has been widely accepted that ...
It is universally普遍的 acknowledged认为 that ...
It keeps my argument that ...
argue v.
语法基础
练习1：显而易见，关于勤奋(diligence)的话题已经引起了广泛关注(limelight)。
It is apparent that the topic of diligence has attracted widespread limelight.
练习2：没有什么可以掩盖他正在变老这个事实。
It is universally acknowledged that he's getting old.
练习3：温室(greenhouse)里的花朵不能经受(undergo)风雨这个事实证明
(prove/indicate/show)我们不应该溺爱孩子。
It keeps my argument that the flowers in the greenhouse cannot undergo wind and rain proves that we should not spoil children.
语法基础
如何识别主从？
只要见到有引导词放在句首，且从句后没有句号隔开，则一定是主语从句。
除此之外，
it...that也通常是主语从句，主从 从that开始到句末结束。
如何识别宾从？
只要定义动词后有引导词就暂定为宾从
如何识别表语从句？
只要系动词后有引导词就是表从
如何识别同位语从句？
只要名词后有引导词，就暂定为同位语从句
语法基础
定语和定语从句
1.什么是定语？ 只要听到...的 + 名词，“...的”就是修饰这个名词的定语成分
2.定语的成分
1）形容词作定语
The innocent nightingale died.
2)名词（短语）作定语
The singing of the nightingale can make the rose bloom.
语法基础
定语和定语从句
2.定语的成分
3)介词短语作定语
The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs叹息 of the youngster.
4)非谓语动词作定语
The singing nightingale lost his life.
5)从句作定语
Dad found a used coupe whose overall look he liked.
语法基础
定语和定语从句
3.定语的位置
前小后大：一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前
多个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词后
This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose.
The youngster grasping romance left the party of the price.
The boy rejected looks pitiful.
当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也放在名词后。
I have something important to tell you.
当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词，通常也放在名词后。
为什么呢？
语法基础
定语从句
1.构成
n.+引导词+句子（从句）
2.定从的引导词
引导词按先行词种类分类，一共有五类
先行词是人，引导词有：who,whom,whose
物：that,which,whose
时间：that,which,when
地点：that,which.where
原因：that,which,why
谁决定引导词的用法：先行词 、引导词在句中充当的成分 共同决定
语法基础
定语从句
3.定从引导词新的分类标准:
引导词可以按照引导词本身的词性分类：
代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语）：who,whom,that,which
副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）：where,when,why
形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的名词）：whose
语法基础
4.练习：
1.被夜莺用生命交换而来的玫瑰被丢弃了。
The rose exchanged for life by the nightingale has been discarded.
2.圆形屋顶的建筑看起来很漂亮。
The building with a circular roof looks very beautiful.
3.穿着我自己的鞋子，不仅更加方便(convenient)，而且确保一个点就是其他人的感受可以被忽略。
Wearing my own shoes is not only more convenient, but also ensures that the feelings of others can be ignored.
语法基础
4.练习：
4.这个问题的重点是，谁应该对道德的降低负责任。
The focus of this question is who should be responsible for moral degradation.
5.外表看起来不得体indecent的他有着高尚(noble)的思想。
He looks inappropriate on the outside and has noble ideas.
语法基础
4.练习：
6.上课难以集中注意力(concentrate in)但是希望通过考试的同学将会发现结果总是差强人意的。（less impressive）
Students who have difficulty concentrating in class but hope to pass the exam will find that the results are always less impressive.
7.成功属于belong to有梦想的人这件事情已经被很多事实所证明了。
It keeps my argument that success belongs to people with dreams has been proven by many facts.
语法基础
定语从句
5.定语从句的特殊用法
1)that做引导词时的省略
that在定从中做宾语时，that可以省略
例：I enjoy the book my mom bought to me.
在分析长难句时，如见到两个名词或代词直接放在一起，中间没有被连词或标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了that 的定从
语法基础
定语从句
5.定语从句的特殊用法
2)区别限制和非限制性定从
I love Claire, who is beautiful. 限制性
I love Claire who is beautiful. 非限制性
区别在于在分析长难句时，非限制性定从相当于插入语句可以完全不看
语法基础
定语从句
3）先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况
人不用who，只能用whom
物不用that，只能用which
例：He is the man who/whom we should learn from.
He is the man from whom we should learn.
I will never forget the day that I met you on.
I will never forget the day when /on which I met you.
4）区别 the same as; the same ... that 引导的定从
两者之间有什么区别？
语法基础
3）先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况
人不用who，只能用whom
物不用that，只能用which
例：He is the man who/whom we should learn from.
He is the man from whom we should learn.
I will never forget the day when/on which I met you.
4）区别 the same as; the same ... that 引导的定从
例：He is the same man as(像) I love.
He is the same man that I love.
语法基础
5）as和which引导的非限制性定从
which引导的非限制定从可以修饰前面整个句子，as也可以
但which只能放在主句的后面，但as可前可后
例：He enjoys talking with young ladies, which drives me mad.
As drives me mad, he enjoys talking with young ladies.
语法基础
6.区分定从和同位语从句
I have a dream that sounds funny. 定从
I have a dream that I will become a rich lady. 同位语从句
(1)相同点：都是先行词加引导词加句子
(2)不同点：看从句本身的意思，定从是从前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面
名词的解释
练习：看到蝴蝶，很美丽/看到蝴蝶，一种可以飞在天空的小动物。
Seeing butterflies, it's very beautiful/Seeing butterflies, a small animal that can fly in the sky.
语法基础
(2)不同点：
看从句本身的意思，定从是从前面名词的修饰，而同位语从句是对前面名词的解释
看引导词that在从句中是否充当成分，如果充当了成分，就是定从
定从先行词可以是所有名词，而同位语从句先行词只能是抽象名词
定从引导词一共有8个，同位语从句引导词一般是that
语法基础
7.定从考点分析-写作 习惯性的加入定语
1.宠物(Pets)可以减少孤独。
Pets which are cute and healthy can help the elders without descendants to take care of them to relieve loneliness
2.读书可以增加所有儿童和成人的知识。
Reading books which benefit our physical and mental healthy can increase knowledge of all kids and adults.
语法基础
7.定从考点分析-写作 习惯性的加入定语
1.宠物(看起来可爱并且健康的)可以减少（of senior citizens without any
descendants who can take care of them）孤独(loneliness)。
2.读书（which对我们的身心健康有好处）可以增加所有儿童和成人的知识。
语法基础
英汉差异对比
①汉意合，英汉合
A：句子结构上
B：逻辑关系词的使用上
②汉语多主动，英语多被动
练习：近几年，一系列的行动被政府(authorities)接收来预防灾害。
In recent years, a series of actions have been accepted by authorities to
prevent disasters.
disadvantage n.缺点
disadventure n. 灾难
语法基础
②汉语多主动，英语多被动
近几年，一系列的行动被政府接收来预防灾害。
In the past decades, a variety of actions were adopted by the authorities to
prevent disasters.
③汉语多短句，英语多长句
长→短句：(1)非谓语动词 (2)从句
练习：门将会被对联(couplets)装饰，这些对联的主题包含健康，财富和好运。
Doors will be decorated by couplets whose topic included health, good luck
and wealth.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
一、形容词，副词能充当的成分
1.形容词：定语，表语
2.副词：修饰实义动词/形容词/副词/整个句子
①He cried sadly. ②He looks especially sad.
③He cried rather sadly. ④Actually, he cries.
什么是状语：
状语就是一个句子中，用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分
状语在一句话中，除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都能修饰
语法基础
状语和状语从句
2.状语的成分：
①She cried sadly. ②She cried like a boy losing his toy.
③She cried,sitting here. ④She cried when she sat there.
3.状语的位置：随便放
4.状语从句
引导词的分类标准：按引导词本身的意思分类，共分为九类
(1)时间状语从句
引导词：
when = while = as
注：当while作为当 ... 的时候时，后面用进行时
语法基础
状语和状语从句
before
after
since
the moment = as soon as
by the time
until
not ... until
语法基础
状语的时态问题：
在所有状从中，如主句动作和从句动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现）
练习：当爱来临的时候，我会牵住她的手。
When love comes, I will hold her hand.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
区别until和not ... until
例： I will wait here until you come.
I will not leave until you come.
区别在于看主句 动词是延续性动词还是瞬间动词
until not...until
练习：直到长大，我才意识到母亲的伟大。
when引导的时间状语从句省略的情况
When I was a kid, I enjoy singing songs.
注：when引导的时间状从，如果主和从句主语一致，并且从句谓语中有be动词，此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略， 用法与前面讲到的非谓语动词相近
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(2)地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
练习：这种树在大多数地方都长势良好。
This kind of trees grow well in most places.
注：做地点状语的通常都是介短，很少是从从句
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(3)原因状语从句
译为”因为“
引导词：
because/as/since/in that/seeing that/cosidering that/how that/given that
连词：
for
介短：
because of/due to/owing to/thanks to/for the sake of/as result of +n./doing
语法基础
练习：
因为他的无意，他发生了一起车祸。 （because/for/because of）
careless adj. 粗心的 carelessness n.粗心的
He had a car accident because of being careless.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(4)目的状语从句
引导词：
to/in order to/so as to 表示目的，后面+动原
so that/in order that so that 表示目的，通常放在句末，不放在句首
(5)结果状语从句
引导词：
so...that so+adj./adv.+that
such...that such+n.+that
练习：今天如此热以至于我穿了裙子
It's so hot today that I'm wearing a skirt.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(6)让步状语从句
引导词：
although/though/even though/even if/as/while (虽然，尽管)
注：while翻译成”虽然“的意思讲，只能放句首，不能放句中
as的部分倒装：
as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装
As I seem ugly, I keep gentle. Ugly as I seem, I keep gentle
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(7)方式状语从句
引导词：
as/the way/as if/though 好像，似乎
介短做状语：
by/through/be means of/in ...way
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(8)条件状语从句
引导词：
suppose that/supposing that 假如
if/unless
provided that/as long as/so long as 只要，如果
练习：如果存在一丝(a ghost of)希望，我将不会放弃。
If there is a glimmer of hope, I will not give up.
语法基础
状语和状语从句
(9)比较状语从句
引导词：
as ... as 比较结构
练习：你看起来像我一样美丽
You look as beautiful as me.