2024年新教材高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 文体分类练6 议论文（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024年新教材高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 文体分类练6 议论文（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-25 16:13:10 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024年新教材高考英语第二轮专题
文体分类练(六) 议论文
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023山东聊城一模)
An important life lesson that I’ve drawn from running is to run at my own pace.It has guided me in many ways.In particular,it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor (隐喻) for life.I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday.All the other runners being faster than me made me embarrassed.But my coach shared some valuable advice:run at your own best pace.Setting a goal or target time could be a limitation.He was right.Over time,I ran more easily and faster.I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have applied this principle to other areas of my life.Finding a rhythm is not about efficiency or how many things I can get done in a day.It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations,including what it means to be a strong runner.But expectations also extend to other areas of life,including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent,decisions about employment,and even the role of a grandmother.
I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure,but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks (基准) to be met.We often make what someone else does the reference point.It’s a comparison trap.
Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only different.
1.What does the author intend to tell in paragraph 2
A.The origin of a life principle.
B.Her misunderstanding of running.
C.The importance of life expectations.
D.Her unpleasant training experience.
2.What does the author think about life expectations
A.They are vital for retired people.
B.They vary at different life stages.
C.They cover every decision in life.
D.They are usually too high to fulfill.
3.What can we infer from paragraph 5
A.Young people often compete with old people.
B.Retired people take up bad occupations.
C.Retired people are also under peer pressure.
D.A comparison trap makes young people stronger.
4.What message does the author mainly want to convey
A.Retirement can’t stop old people’s dreams.
B.People should live life to the fullest.
C.People should live at their own speed.
D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial to retired people.
Passage 2
(2023河北保定一模)
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture,the environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代).For the geneticists,they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics,which is nature.An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determine one’s personality,rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is raised,which includes nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as cultural influence,family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.Even without nurture,the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction.More so,even when the nurture impact is successfully effected,it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person.It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
5.What can we learn from paragraph 2
A.Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B.Personality development is determined by nurture.
C.Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D.Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
6.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.What nurture means to human beings.
B.How living things develop after birth.
C.How nurture shapes human development.
D.How surroundings influence human beings.
7.How does the author stress the greater importance of nature
A.By giving examples.
B.By making contrast.
C.By conducting experiments.
D.By citing research data.
8.What is the best title for the text
A.A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B.A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C.Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are
D.Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture
Passage 3
(2023福建漳州三模)
This month,the Internet was flooded with wonderful digital art portraits,thanks to the work of the latest artificial intelligence-assisted application to go viral:Lensa.Users uploaded their photographs to the App and then—for a small fee—it used AI to transform their profile pictures into,say,a magical warrior princess version of themselves,in no time at all.
This year has seen a breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better than ever in quality,speed and affordability.If that sounds great to you,you might not be one of the millions of humans whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money.
Some artists predicted that a computer would recreate the aura of a masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci in the near future.As long as there are enough data for the AI to train itself,it can copy numerous masterpieces just in several minutes.It seems unavoidable that a large number of artists would lose their jobs.
“I see it less as a threat and more of an opportunity,” the UK-based illustrator Michelle Thompson said,adding,“Like everything else,there will always be artists who can use the tools better.”
These tools are only as good as the data sets they are trained on.Human imagination,on the other hand,has no limit.For Dryhurst,an artist from Germany,AI models “could attempt to make a pale version of something we did years ago”,but that “doesn’t account for what we might do next”.
The kind of artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is coming.And as AI becomes more universal,artists,illustrators and designers will ultimately be set apart not by if,but by how,they use the technology.
9.Why does the author mention Lensa in paragraph 1
A.To recommend the new App.
B.To inform latest news.
C.To lead in the AI topic.
D.To introduce its new function.
10.What is Michelle Thompson’s attitude towards AI
A.Concerned. B.Favorable.
C.Unclear. D.Critical.
11.What might be a weakness of AI in creating art works
A.Accuracy. B.Diversity.
C.Creativity. D.Efficiency.
12.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Is AI coming into our daily life
B.Can AI copy masterpieces of great artists
C.Shall we welcome new AI technology
D.Will AI replace artists in the future
答案：
文体分类练(六) 议论文
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But expectations also extend to other areas of life,including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent,decisions about employment,and even the role of a grandmother.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段“I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure,but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks to be met.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only different.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture,the environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。
6.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is raised,which includes nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as cultural influence,family and friends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture 适合作文章最佳标题。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
9.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“This year has seen a breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better than ever in quality,speed and affordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。
10.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,Michelle Thompson认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。
11.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These tools are only as good as the data sets they are trained on.Human imagination,on the other hand,has no limit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。
12.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The kind of artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is coming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)pace n.步速;节奏
2.(Passage 1)center on集中于
3.(Passage 1)view...as...把……看作……
4.(Passage 1)comparison n.比较
5.(Passage 1)trap n.陷阱
6.(Passage 2)as to置于,关于,就……而论
7.(Passage 2)arise vi.出现
8.(Passage 3)be flooded with充斥着
9.(Passage 3)threat n.威胁
10.(Passage 3)account for对……做出解释,说明……的原因
熟词生义:
(Passage 1)draw vt.获得,得到
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)If that sounds great to you,you might not be one of the millions of humans whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money.
分析:本句为复合句。If that sounds great to you为if引导的条件状语从句;whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money为whose引导的定语从句。
句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于能够用这些技能换取金钱。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024年新教材高考英语第二轮专题
文体分类练(六) 议论文
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023山东聊城一模)
An important life lesson that I’ve drawn from running is to run at my own pace.It has guided me in many ways.In particular,it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor (隐喻) for life.I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday.All the other runners being faster than me made me embarrassed.But my coach shared some valuable advice:run at your own best pace.Setting a goal or target time could be a limitation.He was right.Over time,I ran more easily and faster.I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have applied this principle to other areas of my life.Finding a rhythm is not about efficiency or how many things I can get done in a day.It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations,including what it means to be a strong runner.But expectations also extend to other areas of life,including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent,decisions about employment,and even the role of a grandmother.
I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure,but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks (基准) to be met.We often make what someone else does the reference point.It’s a comparison trap.
Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only different.
1.What does the author intend to tell in paragraph 2
A.The origin of a life principle.
B.Her misunderstanding of running.
C.The importance of life expectations.
D.Her unpleasant training experience.
2.What does the author think about life expectations
A.They are vital for retired people.
B.They vary at different life stages.
C.They cover every decision in life.
D.They are usually too high to fulfill.
3.What can we infer from paragraph 5
A.Young people often compete with old people.
B.Retired people take up bad occupations.
C.Retired people are also under peer pressure.
D.A comparison trap makes young people stronger.
4.What message does the author mainly want to convey
A.Retirement can’t stop old people’s dreams.
B.People should live life to the fullest.
C.People should live at their own speed.
D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial to retired people.
Passage 2
(2023河北保定一模)
The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.
Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture,the environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring (后代).For the geneticists,they believe that our lives are entirely determined by genetics,which is nature.An opposing view is that there is no indication that genes (基因) determine one’s personality,rather there is growing evidence that nurture serves as the determining factor in personality development.
Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is raised,which includes nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as cultural influence,family and friends.
The argument of nature and nurture as to which is more important is necessitated by an attempt to differentiate how much effect genetics has on a person’s development against how easily humans are influenced by one’s environment.
While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.Even without nurture,the nature impact can still stand independently without necessarily causing destruction.More so,even when the nurture impact is successfully effected,it does not remove the genetic characteristics of a person.It therefore stands correctly that nature is that which determines the substance of a person.
5.What can we learn from paragraph 2
A.Nature’s role is supported by additional evidence.
B.Personality development is determined by nurture.
C.Nature impacts gene expression in later generation.
D.Environment shapes personality more than genetics.
6.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A.What nurture means to human beings.
B.How living things develop after birth.
C.How nurture shapes human development.
D.How surroundings influence human beings.
7.How does the author stress the greater importance of nature
A.By giving examples.
B.By making contrast.
C.By conducting experiments.
D.By citing research data.
8.What is the best title for the text
A.A Long Story of Nature and Nurture
B.A New Research on Nature and Nurture
C.Who Can Tell What Makes Who We Are
D.Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture
Passage 3
(2023福建漳州三模)
This month,the Internet was flooded with wonderful digital art portraits,thanks to the work of the latest artificial intelligence-assisted application to go viral:Lensa.Users uploaded their photographs to the App and then—for a small fee—it used AI to transform their profile pictures into,say,a magical warrior princess version of themselves,in no time at all.
This year has seen a breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better than ever in quality,speed and affordability.If that sounds great to you,you might not be one of the millions of humans whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money.
Some artists predicted that a computer would recreate the aura of a masterpiece by Leonardo da Vinci in the near future.As long as there are enough data for the AI to train itself,it can copy numerous masterpieces just in several minutes.It seems unavoidable that a large number of artists would lose their jobs.
“I see it less as a threat and more of an opportunity,” the UK-based illustrator Michelle Thompson said,adding,“Like everything else,there will always be artists who can use the tools better.”
These tools are only as good as the data sets they are trained on.Human imagination,on the other hand,has no limit.For Dryhurst,an artist from Germany,AI models “could attempt to make a pale version of something we did years ago”,but that “doesn’t account for what we might do next”.
The kind of artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is coming.And as AI becomes more universal,artists,illustrators and designers will ultimately be set apart not by if,but by how,they use the technology.
9.Why does the author mention Lensa in paragraph 1
A.To recommend the new App.
B.To inform latest news.
C.To lead in the AI topic.
D.To introduce its new function.
10.What is Michelle Thompson’s attitude towards AI
A.Concerned. B.Favorable.
C.Unclear. D.Critical.
11.What might be a weakness of AI in creating art works
A.Accuracy. B.Diversity.
C.Creativity. D.Efficiency.
12.Which can be the best title for the text
A.Is AI coming into our daily life
B.Can AI copy masterpieces of great artists
C.Shall we welcome new AI technology
D.Will AI replace artists in the future
答案：
文体分类练(六) 议论文
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了作者认为每个人的人生应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。
1.A 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,作者在第二段想说生命原理的起源。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But expectations also extend to other areas of life,including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent,decisions about employment,and even the role of a grandmother.”可知,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段有所不同。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第五段“I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure,but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks to be met.”可推知,退休人员也面临同辈压力。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forget what others are doing.Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It’s not better or worse—only different.”可推知,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。先天和后天这两个术语自16世纪以来一直是被比较的主题。文章论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Nature provides the starting point for an organism that will interact with nurture,the environment,during the organism’s life.Nature does not just affect an organism during its lifetime,but it also can directly affect the expression of genes in offspring.”可知,先天影响后代的基因表达。
6.A 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Nurture refers to the conditions under which living things grow and develop after birth.When applied to human beings,it means how the person is raised,which includes nutrition,education,care,as well as the kind of surroundings,such as cultural influence,family and friends.”可知,第三段主要讨论了后天对人类意味着什么。
7.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While nurture undeniably plays its part on the growth and development of one’s personality,nature dramatically outweighs nurture,for nature can be likened to a foundation.The impact of nurture on the development of persons cannot be totally denied.However,nature is regarded as being of most importance because of the fact that it affords an opportunity and creates a foundation and the basis for the question of nurture to arise at the very first instance.”可推知,作者通过对比强调了先天的重要性。
8.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The two terms nature and nurture have been subjects of comparison since the 16th century.The argument is centered on the question as to whether it is nature or nurture that makes us who we are.”及下文论述可知,文章主要论述了究竟是先天还是后天造就了我们。由此可知,Which Is More Important,Nature or Nurture 适合作文章最佳标题。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
9.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容和第二段中的“This year has seen a breakthrough for AI-driven image generators,which are now better than ever in quality,speed and affordability.”可知,作者在第一段提到Lensa是为了引起人工智能这个话题。
10.B 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知,Michelle Thompson认为这是一种机会。由此可推知,他对人工智能持支持的态度。
11.C 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These tools are only as good as the data sets they are trained on.Human imagination,on the other hand,has no limit.”可推知,创造力可能是人工智能在创作艺术作品时的弱点。
12.D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The kind of artificial intelligence we might imagine replacing artists—an entirely autonomous creative robot—does not yet exist,but it is coming.”可知,文章主要就未来人工智能是否会取代艺术家展开讨论。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)pace n.步速;节奏
2.(Passage 1)center on集中于
3.(Passage 1)view...as...把……看作……
4.(Passage 1)comparison n.比较
5.(Passage 1)trap n.陷阱
6.(Passage 2)as to置于,关于,就……而论
7.(Passage 2)arise vi.出现
8.(Passage 3)be flooded with充斥着
9.(Passage 3)threat n.威胁
10.(Passage 3)account for对……做出解释,说明……的原因
熟词生义:
(Passage 1)draw vt.获得,得到
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)If that sounds great to you,you might not be one of the millions of humans whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money.
分析:本句为复合句。If that sounds great to you为if引导的条件状语从句;whose livelihoods depend on being able to exchange those skills for money为whose引导的定语从句。
句意:如果(你感觉)这听起来很棒,那么你可能不是数百万人中的一员,他们的生计依赖于能够用这些技能换取金钱。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
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