人教版高中英语配套ppt课件：选修8 unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsperiod 1（共75张PPT）

课件75张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors More than 3 million years ago, our ancestors(祖先) were already on the march, rising on two legs to search for food, seek greener lands and, above all, to grow in body and brain. Let's meet some of them：
Australopithecus afarensis
They had apelike faces and their brains were ① a third the size of modern humans' brains. They lived 3～3.9 million years ago. Fossils(化石) were found in Ethiopia in 1974.
Paranthropus boisei
Covered with fur, they had strong arms and gorilla－like faces. They lived 1～2.5 million years ago. Fossils were found in Tanzania(坦桑尼亚) in 1959.
Homo habilis
Homo habilis, which actually means “ handy man”，
② was the first species to make and use primitive stone tools. They lived 1.6～2.2 million years ago. Fossils were found in
Tanzania in 1960.
Homo erectus
With skeletons very similar to those of modern humans, they were probably the first to use fire. They lived 30，000～1.8 million years ago. Fossils have been found in Africa and Asia since 1893.
Homo heidelbergensis
They were skilled hunters who used spears to kill animals.Their bodies ③were similar to ours, although more
muscular and larger boned. They lived 200，000～500，000 years ago. Fossils have been found in Ethiopia, Germany, France and Spain since 1921.
Homo Neanderthal
Their brains were at least as large as the average modern humans', while their smaller bodies helped them deal with cold climates. They lived 30，000～230，000 years ago. Fossils have been found in France and Iraq since 1856.
Ⅰ.阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Handy man's fossils were found in Tanzania in 1960. (　　)
2．Homo Neanderthal lived earliest on the earth.(　　)
3．The early men learned to walk on two feet more than 3 million years ago. (　　)
4. The brain of Homo Neanderthal is about 3 times the size of Australopithecus afarensis. (　　)
答案　1.T　2.F　3.T　4.T
Ⅱ.佳句仿写
1．这条街是那条街的四倍长。
This street is________ ________ ________ ________ ________that one.
2．布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
Miss Brown was________ ________ ________ ________ ________to speak.
3．运动周期类似于前面的研究。
The exercise period________ ________ ________the previous study.
答案　1.four times the length of　2.the next person to rise
3．was similar to
Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________v. to stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing suddenly
2．________adj. dirty or untidy
3．________n. the quality of being correct or true
4．________v. to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof
Period 1 Warming Up,Pre-reading & Reading5．________adv. without being affected or influenced by something
6．________n. something you can choose to do or use instead of something else
7．________v. to remove something that has been written down or stored in a computer
8．________adj. more than enough
9．________v. to make something have a sharper edge or point
10．________adv. in some way, or by some means, although you do not know how
答案　1.interrupt　2.messy　3.accuracy　4.assume
5．regardless　6.alternative　7.delete　8.ample　9.sharpen　10.somehow
Ⅱ.短语天地
1．____________不管；不顾
2．____________至多；最多
3．____________切碎；伤心
4．____________遭受，患……病
5．make fire____________
6．come to a conclusion____________
7．keep out____________
8．care about____________
答案　1.regardless of 　2.at most　3.cut up　4.suffer from　5.生火　6.得出结论　7.挡住，不让进来　8.在乎，在意
England, who are interested in archaeology.
[信息提取]　It is a great pleasure to do sth很高兴做某事，属于“It＋be＋n. /adj.＋(for sb) to do sth”句型。
[例句仿写] 　一个人一辈子做好事是不容易的。
________ ________ ________ ________for a person________ ________good things all his/her life.
Ⅲ. 句型搜索
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from
[信息提取]　be aware that意识到，察觉到。
[例句仿写] 　我们应该意识到，没有任何东西比健康更重要，健康是成功的基础。
We________ ________ ________ ________nothing is more valuable than health, which is the foundation of one's success.
2．You must be aware that it's here that we found evidence of
some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the
world.
[信息提取]　must have done是对过去所发生事情的肯定推测。意思是“肯定已经……；一定已经……”。
[例句仿写] 　房间空了，他们肯定已经离开了。
The room is empty.They________ ________ ________．
3．They couldn't have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It
must have been very uncomfortable.
[信息提取]　That's why...这是……的原因。why引导了一个表语从句。
[例句仿写] 　那就是为什么电在工业上得到这样广泛应用的原因。
________ ________ ________electricity finds such a wide application in industry.
答案　1.It is not easy；to do　2.should be aware that
3．must have left　4.That is why
4．That's why they are called hunters and gatherers.Ⅳ.预读理解
1．Fast Reading: Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
(1)What did they find in the caves?
A．Only human bones and fires.
B．Just animal bones.
C．Modern tools and ornaments.
D．Bones, tools and ornaments, as well as fireplaces.
A．Keeping warm.
B．Cooking food.
C．Frightening the animals.
D．Making iron.
A．were able to do the same things as tigers or bears
B．were cleverer than tigers or bears
C．were trained how to use needles
D．could make clothes like we have today
(2)Which of the following about fire is NOT right?(3)From the needle, we can infer the earliest people in
Zhoukoudian________．
A．the sea was not far away at that time
B．they ran to the sea for the shells
C．the shells could be sold and bought
D．they could make necklaces by machines
(4)From“but others are made of shells”， we can't infer
that________．(5)Which of the following is TRUE?
A．This passage is an explanation about the earliest
people.
B．This passage shows that the students are being shown
around the cave.
C．This passage is a part of an interview at the TV station.
D．This passage tells us the earliest people would not be
our ancestors.
答案　(1)D　(2)D　(3)B　(4)D　(5)A
Careful Reading: Read the text carefully and fill in the
blanks.
续表答案　(1)layers　(2)fire　(3)scare　(4)burning
(5)skins　(6)bone　(7)sewed　(8)clothes　(9)trade　(10)seaside

(1)adj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的
We should explore alternative possibilities to solve the problem.
我们应该探求各种供选择的可能性来解决这个问题。
Tom has mapped out alternative plans in case this doesn't work.汤姆已经筹划出了一个可供选择的方案以防这个方案行不通。
They developed alternative fuels for aircraft.
1．alternative他们开发了航行器的替代燃料。
(2)n.可能的选择
There appears to be no alternative to the increase of price.
除了提高物价没有别的选择。
Another alternative is to wear ear plugs.
另一个选择是戴上耳塞。
You have the alternative of riding or walking.
你可以在坐车和步行中选择一种。
(1)there is no alternative...　　 别无选择
have no alternative but to do sth (除……以外)别无选择
an alternative to 是……的替换物；可以代替
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
They had no alternative but to put the meeting off.
他们只得把会议延期。
Enlightenment is an alternative to life.
开悟是生命的另一选择。
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可以坐火车去，也可以坐汽车去。
“别无选择只得……”的表达方式还有：
have no choice but to do
cannot choose but do
cannot (help) but do
can do nothing but do
We have no choice/alternative but to wait outside.
＝We cannot choose but/ cannot(help)but/ can do nothing but wait outside.
我们别无选择只得在外面等候。
【完成句子】
①We________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________on.
除了继续下去，我们别无选择。
②Have you got________ ________ ________？
你有没有其他建议？
③Risk provides________ ________ ________making money.
风险提供了赚钱的机会。
答案　have no alternative but to go/have no choice but to go/cannot choose but go/cannot (help) but go/ can do nothing but go　②an alternative ①suggestion　③an alternative to
【句型转换】
④Because of a lack of money, their mother has no choice
but to work outside herself.
＝Because of a lack of money, their mother________
________ ________ ________ ________
________outside herself.
＝Because of a lack of money, their mother________
________ ________ ________outside herself.
答案　④has no alternative but to work；cannot choose but work /can do nothing but work/cannot help but work
(1)中断；阻碍
We interrupt this programme to bring you a news flash.
我们中断节目，报告新闻快讯。
These new flats will interrupt our view of the sea.
这些新公寓将遮住我们眺望海景的视野。
The floods interrupted railway services.
洪水使铁路运输中断。
2．interrupt vt.(2)打断；打扰；插嘴
It's impolite to interrupt others.打断别人讲话是不礼貌的。
Don't interrupt me when I speak.
我说话的时候，请不要打岔。
His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.
他的讲话不时被掌声打断。
interrupt sb /sth (with sth)　　 (因某事)打断某人/某事
interruption n. 打岔，插嘴；阻断物He was impatient of any interruption.
他对任何打扰都感到不耐烦。
【比较网站】　interrupt/ disturb/bother
The war interrupted the trade between the two countries.
战争使两国间的贸易中断了。
They disturb me at all hours of the day and night.
他们日夜不断地打扰我。
Don't bother your father about it now; he's very tired.
现在别拿这个去打搅你父亲，他很累了。
【图解助记】
选用interrupt/ disturb/bother的适当形式填空
①Traffic was________by a dense fog.
交通因浓雾而受阻。
②We do not want________ ________what we have got.
我们不想打乱现有的东西。
③You didn't________me. On the contrary, I like your
company.
你没有打扰我，相反地，我喜欢有你作伴。
④She________me to ask a question.
她打断我的话，问我一个问题。
答案　①interrupted　②to disturb　③bother　
④interrupted
Dogs have acute sense of hearing.
狗有敏锐的听觉。
He suffers from acute depression.
他患有严重的抑郁症。
Her judgment is acute.她的判断力很强。
3．acute adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的an acute angle 　　　　　　锐角
acute disease 急性病
acute sense 敏锐的感觉
acute pain 剧痛
Pneumonia is an acute disease.肺炎是一种急性病。
Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime.许多人都有一个相当敏锐的感觉，就是每个人的生命是短暂的。
A bad tooth may cause acute pain.
一颗坏的牙齿可致急剧的痛。
【完成句子】
①________ ________ ________almost killed me.
突如其来的剧痛差点要了我的命。
②She still has very ________ ________， though she is eighty
years old.
尽管她已经八十岁了，但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。
③Dysentery is a kind of________ ________.
痢疾是一种急性病。
④Many of the animals have an________ ________ ________
________．
许多动物都有敏锐的嗅觉。
答案　①An acute pain　②acute hearing　③acute disease　④acute sense of smell
I had assumed him to be a Japanese.
我本以为他是日本人。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为紧张是过度劳累所致。
He assumed that the package would arrive on time.
他认为包裹会按时寄到。
4．assume vt. 假定；以为(1)assume sb /sth to be　　 假定/假设某人/某事为
It is/was assumed that... ……被认为
(2)assuming ( that )．.. 假设……
assumption n. 假定，假设
make an assumption 认为，假定
I hope to go to college next year，always assuming(that) I pass my exams.
我希望明年上大学，总是认为我能通过考试。
Under this circumstances, we have no choice but to make an assumption.
在这种情况下，我们除了作出一个假设外别无选择。
【完成句子】
①________ ________ ________ ________liquid water had
once flowed on Mars.
据设想，火星上曾有液态水流淌。
②________ ________the proposal is accepted, when are we
going to get the money?
假如这个建议被采纳了，那么我们什么时候可以得到钱
呢？
③I was mistakenly________ ________ ________a Welsh
man because of my surname.
由于我的姓的缘故，我被误认为是威尔士人。
④A lot of people________ ________ ________that poverty
only exists in the Third World.
许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
答案　①It was assumed that　②Assuming that　
③assumed to be　④make the assumption
(1) vt. 磨快；削尖
Our cat likes to sharpen her claws on the legs of the dining table.我们的猫喜欢在餐桌腿上磨她的脚爪。
My pencil doesn't write well; I must sharpen it.
我的铅笔不好使；我必须把它削尖。
A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.工欲善其事，必先利其器。
(2)vi.尖锐；变锋利，加剧
The bad condition is sharpening now.
局势更加恶化了。
These delicious dishes sharpened my appetite.
这些可口的菜激起了我的食欲。
5．sharpensharp adj.　　锋利的，锐利的；机灵的；急剧的
sharp adv. ……整(用于表示时间的词语后，表示准时)
sharply adv. 明显地；严厉地
sharpener n. 研磨者，削……的人，研磨工具
The lecture started at three o'clock sharp.
讲座于三点整开始。
You must be very careful with this sharp knife.
你用这把锋利的刀子必须很小心。
The global water use rose sharply.
全球用水量急剧增长。
用sharp的适当形式填空
①He talked to them very________．
②The________must be Lucy's.
③The soldiers________up their knives.
④These scissors are very________．
答案　①sharply　②sharpener 　③sharpened 　④sharp
(1)vi.(水果、谷物等)变熟，成熟
We are waiting for the first crops to ripen.
我们正等待着第一次农作物的成熟。
Bananas will sweeten as they ripen.
香蕉熟了就会变甜。
The grapes are ripening，and the apple trees are heavy with fruit.葡萄就要熟了，苹果树上结满了果实。
(2)vi.时机成熟，纯熟
Don't worry. Time will soon ripen.
别着急，时机即将成熟。
Our mere acquaintance ripened into friendship.
6．ripen我们原本仅是一面之交，现已是朋友了。
(3)vt.使……成熟；使……纯熟，催熟
The sun ripens fruit.阳光使水果成熟。
The ripe tomatoes taste sweet and sour.
成熟的西红柿尝起来又酸又甜。
【比较网站】　mature/ripen
His character has greatly matured in the years.
这些年他的性格已大大成熟。
The woman busily collected the ripened reddish berries.
那妇女忙着采集成熟的淡红色的莓果。
选用mature/ripen的适当形式填空
①Fruit sweetens as it________．
水果成熟后就好吃了。
②I became________and sensible.
我变得成熟与懂事了。
③________apples are beginning to fall off the trees.
成熟的苹果开始从树上落下来了。
答案　① ripens　②mature　③Ripe
More tests should be conducted before we can come to a conclusion.我们需要做更多的实验，然后才能得出结论。
Finally they came to this conclusion.
最后，他们得出了这个结论。
I came to the conclusion that she was right.
我得到的结论是她是正确的。
1．come to a conclusion得出结论draw a conclusion 　　　　　　　 得出结论
jump to conclusions/a conclusion 过快地得出结论
in conclusion 最后(用在结束语中)
From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion.
由上面所说的，我们可以做一个结论。
You shouldn't jump to conclusions about what happened.
你不应对于发生的事情速下结论。
In conclusion，I am against idol adoring in our society.
总之，我反对社会上的偶像崇拜。
【完成句子】
①________ ________the advantages of studying abroad
outweigh its disadvantages.
总之，出国留学的长处要大于它的缺点。
②I sometimes make mistakes because I________ ________
________．
我有时犯错误，因为我过早下结论。
③Without careful investigation you're liable to________
________ ________ ________．
不仔细调查研究，你可能会得出错误结论。
答案　①In conclusion　②jump to conclusions　③ come to wrong conclusions
He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.他不顾及我在此事上的感情继续往下说。
He sleeps regardless of the noise outside.
他尽自睡着，也不管外面吵闹的声音。
They decorated the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜工本装修这栋房子。
2．regardless of 不管，不顾regardless of the fact that　　　不顾……的事实
as regards 关于；至于
with/in regard to 关于
with best regards 谨致问候
regard..as... 把……看做
As regards money，I have enough.至于钱，我有的是。
Waiting for your reply，we remain with best regards.
等待你们的答复，仍然送上我们衷心的问候。
I regard reading as a form of recreation.
我把看书当作一种消遣。
【比较网站】　regardless of/despite/in spite of
regardless of，despite和in spite of都表示“不管，不顾”，后面都可接名词或名词短语，regardless of后可接从句，而in spite of和despite后不可接从句。despite和in spite of还有“尽管”之意。
Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, you have to do what he tells you to.
不管他是对是错，你必须照他说的做。
They remain friends despite all their differences.
尽管看法不同，他们还是好朋友。
【完成句子】
①I________ ________ ________a good friend of mine.
我把他看作我的一个好朋友。
②We will cooperate with you，________ ________
________you choose to help us.
我们会与你们合作，不管你们是否愿意帮助我们。
③________ ________/________ ________
________/________the fact that they speak different
languages, engineers can communicate their ideas more
clearly to others if they are able to sketch.
尽管工程师们说不同的语言，但如果他们会画草图，他
们彼此就能很容易地交流思想。
④________ ________activity classes, we have little.
至于活动课，我们几乎没有。
答案　①regard him as　②regardless of whether　
③Regardless of/In spite of /Despite　④As regards
Cut up the carrot before you put them into the pot.
把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。
I cut up the meat for cooking meat ball.
我把肉剁碎后做肉丸子。
His son's death cut him up badly.
他儿子的死使他很痛苦。
3．cut up切碎；伤心，痛苦cut across　　　　　抄近路穿过；折断，打断
cut away 切除，剪去，砍掉
cut down 砍倒；缩减；改小或缩短(衣服等)
cut in 插嘴；打断(谈话)
cut...into pieces 切开，打碎，砍碎
cut off 切断(……的供应)，切去；使中止通 话；隔离；停止运转
cut out 裁剪；删除；删去
cut through 抄近路通过；迅速通过；穿透
We can gain some time if we cut across this field.
如果我们从这块地穿过，那么我们就可以赢得一些时间。
You have to cut down on your time surfing the net.
你必须减少上网时间了。
They cut off all medical supplies.
他们切断了所有的医药供给。介、副词填空
①We have to cut________on our expenses.
②Don't cut________all social contacts.
③They cut________all the dead branches from the tree.
④I usually cut________the park on my way home.
⑤In order not to be late, she cut________the field.
⑥She was badly cut________when she failed.
答案　①down　②off　③away　④through　⑤across　⑥up
The manager has been away 10 minutes at the most.
经理离开最多不过10分钟。
There are 50 people at the meeting at the very most.
到会的最多不过50人。
The highway will be completed in four months at the most.
这条公路至多四个月就能完成。
4．at(the) most至多；充其量不超过for the most part　　　多半；大体上，基本上
make the most of 充分利用，尽量利用；十分重视
most of all 最重要的是；首先
at least 至少
The contributors are，for the most part, professional scientists.投稿者大多是专业科学家。
We should make the most of our opportunities.
我们应该充分利用我们的机会。
We should brush our teeth at least twice a day.
我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。
【完成句子】
①You should________ ________ ________ ________your
spare time to do something useful.
你应该充分利用你的业余时间做一些有用的事情。
②A good cigarette will smoke________ ________ten
minutes.
一支好烟至少可以抽10分钟。
③________ ________ ________，we protected this
country from harm.
最主要的是我们保护了这个国家免受危害。
④The people in the village are________ ________
________ ________graceful and well-behaved. 这个村的人多半温文尔雅，彬彬有礼。
⑤I spend________ ________$ 20 on the lunch.
我午餐至多花二十美元。
答案　①make the most of　②at least　③Most of all　
④for the most part　⑤at most
这是一个复合句。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students；主句部分“It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England”是一个以it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是to meet you students from England。
It is a(great)pleasure to do sth是一种很常见的句型，表示“很高兴做某事”；在此句型中pleasure为可数名词，表示
“乐事；快事；高兴的事”。
It is a great pleasure to walk in the clear and bright
1．It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，
who are interested in archaeology.很高兴见到你们这些来自
英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。moonlight.在皎洁的月光下散步是件很惬意的事情。
It is a great pleasure to be speaking at the largest law college in the world.
我很高兴能有机会在这所世界最大的法学院发表演讲。
It is a great pleasure to introduce Mr.Smith. He is the President of our company.
很荣幸向你介绍史密斯先生，他是我们公司的董事长。
it作形式主语的句型有：
(1)It＋be＋n./adj.＋v.-ing结构
It is easier to lose friends than to make friends.
交朋友难而失去朋友比较容易。
It is no use crying.哭是没有用处的。
(2) It＋be＋n./adj.＋(for sb) to do sth
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
掌握至少两门外语对于当代年轻人来说是很重要的。
It's difficult for me to deal with such a problem.
处理这样的问题对我来说很困难。
(3) It＋be＋n./adj.＋of sb to do sth
It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.
她真蠢，把钱花在买这种衣服上。
(4) It＋be＋n./adj.＋that...
It is our duty that we should help those in trouble.
我们有义务帮助那些有困难的人。
【比较网站】　It＋be＋n./adj. ＋for sb to do sth/It＋be＋n./adj. ＋of sb to do sth
It's common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall.
秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。
It was brave of her to speak out in public.
她能当众大声讲话，真勇敢。
【温馨提示】 下列形容词：kind，good，nice，clever，rong，right，foolish，wise，unwise，stupid，rude，careless，cruel，brave，naughty，polite，selfish等词作表语时，常用于It＋be＋n./adj.＋of sb to do sth句型。
It was foolish of you to leave school.
＝You were foolish to leave school.
你中途退学，真是傻瓜。
【完成句子】
①________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________a bit of good.
对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。
②________ ________ ________ ________ ________over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
③________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________the food.
浪费这些食物真可惜。 ④________ ________ ________ ________he has known
everything.
很可能他什么都已经知道了。
答案　①It is not hard for one to do　②It is no use crying
③It seems a pity to waste　④It is probable that
【句型转换】
⑤It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with
others.
＝________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________his dictionary with others.
答案　⑤He seemed selfish not to share
must have done是对过去所发生事情的肯定推测。意思是“肯定已经……；一定已经……”。
It must have rained，since the ground is wet.
一定下过雨，因为地是湿的。
She must have done that sort of thing. Where there's smoke there's fire.
无风不起浪，我想她肯定做过那种事。
2．They couldn' t have mats, blankets or quilts like we do.It
must have been very uncomfortable.他们不可能像我们一
样有席子、毛毯或棉被。那肯定很不舒服。The door was locked. He may ( might ) not have been at home.门锁着，他可能不在家。
Tom ought not to have told me your secret，but he meant no harm.
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
You could have started a little earlier.
你本可早点动身的。
【感悟高考】
—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone________it. (2011·江苏，34)
A．will have stolen B．might have stolen
C．should have stolen D．must have stolen
解析　考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：手提包当时有可能会被偷去，因此选择might have stolen。
答案　B
【单项填空】
—Guess what! I have got an A for my term paper.
—Great！You________read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A．must B．should
C．must have D．should have
解析　句意：——猜猜发生了什么？我的学期考试得了A。——棒极了！你一定阅读广泛且做了许多工作。答句表示对过去事情的肯定推测，故选C。
答案　C