人教版高中英语配套ppt课件：选修6 Unit 5 The Power of nature （共94张PPT）
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| 名称 | 人教版高中英语配套ppt课件：选修6 Unit 5 The Power of nature （共94张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-02-26 10:08:44 | ||
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课件94张PPT。Unit 5 The Power of nature The violence of nature
What is a tornado?
A tornado is a rotating (旋转的) column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.Almost all of them occur in the US，in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next street，or even in the next town.They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
①On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries.The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925，affecting three US states：Missouri，Illinois and Indiana.②By the time it ended，about 700 people had been killed and more than 2,000 had been injured.What is a hurricane?
Hurricanes are strong tropical
(热带的)storms，and they usually
occur in the southern Atlantic
Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and
the Gulf of Mexico.There are
violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more，which cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods.There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September, 1900 in Galveston，Texas.Winds of about 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.An extraordinary event
This is a story about the 1900
Galveston hurricane.
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-
century Irish actor who went to liv
e in Canada.③He then moved to New York，where he became famous.By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years later，the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.Coghlan travelled back to Canada，after he had been buried in Texas!Ⅰ.阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The wind speed of the most violent tornadoes is slower than that of the most violent hurricanes. ( )
2．Hurricanes can cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods. ( )
3．Charles Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas with the 1900 Galveston hurricane. ( )
答案 1.F 2.T 3.TⅡ.佳句仿写
1．他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, ________ ________ ________ ________.
2．到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
By last December three ships ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3．那是一座美丽的校园，在那儿我曾经有过许多梦想。
That is a beautiful campus ，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.thus causingthe delay had beenbuiltby themwhere I madea lot of dreamsPeriod 1 Warming Up，Pre-reading & ReadingⅠ.单词识记
1．________n．a set of clothes made of the same fabric，including a jacket and trousers/pants or a skirt
2．__________adv. next to or at the side of sth
3．________n. the possibility that something will develop in a certain way，or have a particular effect
4．________adj. real，especially as compared with what it is believed，expected or intendedsuit actual potential alongside 5．__________n. all the special tools，machines，clothes etc.that you need for a particular activity
6．________v. to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
7．________n. a mountain with a large hole at the top，through which hot rocks and ash sometimes rise into the air from inside the earth
8．________n. a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea，ocean，etc.
9．________adj. complete or total
10．________n. a structure from which water is sent up into the air，which is often in a small poolequipment appoint Volcano wave absolute fountainⅡ.短语天地
1．___________________全部焚毁
2．___________________前往……
3．___________________在远方
4．____________和……一样，除……以外还……
5．___________________和……比起来
6．be enthusiastic about/over sth/sb_________________
7．protect...from__________________
8. be suitable for____________
9．be appointed as__________________
10．share sth with sb__________________burn to the ground make one's way to in the distance as well as compared with/to 对某物/人充满热情 保护……免受…… 适合…… 被任命为…… 与某人分享某物Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．However weak we are，we are not completely powerless.
[信息提取] however weak we are是让步状语从句
[例句仿写] 不管雨下得多大他们仍继续徒步旅行。
________ ________ ________ ________， they go on hiking.However hard it rained 2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
[信息提取] be about to do... when... 正要做某事这时……
[例句仿写] 我正要出去，这时有人敲门。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ someone knocked at the door.I was about to go out when 3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
[信息提取] this being my first experience是“名词/主格代词＋现在分词”组成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语
[例句仿写] 姑娘盯着他看，他不知道说什么好。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he didn't know what to say.The girl staring at him4．Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
[信息提取] having studied volcanoes now为现在分词短语的完成式在句中作状语
[例句仿写] 他们已被要求留下来，所以不能马上走。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， they couldn't possibly leave right away.Having been asked to stayⅣ.预读理解
1．Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
①Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes more damage than the lava.
B．The lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage than the boiling rock.
C．The eruption is not exciting to watch.
D．The writer climbed down into the crater to collect information after the eruption.②The writer doesn't mind the occasional danger of his job because________.
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he thinks his job the most important
D．he is excited about dangers and feels alive③What's the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．About the volcano.
B．About the scientific equipment.
C．About the local people.
D．About the author's job.④How many years has the author worked as a volcanologist?
A．10 years. B．20 years.
C．30 years. D．40 years.⑤We can know from the passage that________.
A．the writer likes his job because it is challenging
B．after studying volcanoes for 20 years，the writer finds it very boring
C．nobody dare get close to the volcano after it erupted
D．it is easy for the writer to get close to the crater
答案 ①B ②D ③D ④B ⑤A2．Careful Reading: Read the text carefully and then answer the following questions.
①What caused the writer's bedroom to become as bright as day even though it was night?
__________________________________________________________________________
②Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater?
________________________________________________________________________The light that was caused by the red-hot rocks and gas that erupted from the volcano.The author was wearing special protective clothing that
made it difficult to walk. 1．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生
No one knows when the volcano below Yellowstone in America will erupt.
谁也不知道美国黄石公园下的火山何时爆发。
The earthquake erupted into tsunami on March 11,2011, destroying most of the northeastern area in Japan.
2011年3月11日由地震引发的海啸，摧毁了日本东北大部分地区。
Violence has erupted on the streets.
大街上突然发生了暴乱。The eruption of volcano makes many people lose their lives.
火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。【比较网站】 erupt/explode/burst They exploded an atom bomb.他们爆炸一颗原子弹。
She exploded into loud laughter.她突然大笑了起来。
One of my bike tyres burst.我自行车的一个胎爆了。
Even another bite will make me burst.
再吃一口我就撑死了。【图解助记】选用erupt/explode/burst 的适当形式填空
①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ________.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
②The bomb ________ at a great distance from their observation point.
炸弹在远离他们观察点的地方爆炸了。
③Violence ________ on the street after the football match.
足球赛后大街上突然发生了暴乱。
④It's a game in which children try to ________ balloons by sitting on them.
这种游戏就是让孩子们把气球坐爆。 burst exploded erupted burst 2．equipment n．设备，装备
The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.新医院的全部设备需要一年才能装备好。
We are in great need of medical equipment.
我们非常需要医疗设备。(1)a piece of equipment 一件设备
camping/lifting/safety equipment
露营装备/起重设备/安全装置
(2)equip v. 装备，配备
equip sb/sth with sth 给某人/某物配备或装备某物
equip sb/sth for... 为某人/某物装备……
well/full equipped 设施齐全的；装备好的
badly/poorly equipped 装备差的 He wanted to equip his son to have a broad outlook on world affairs.
他要教导儿子使他对世界形势有远大的看法。
We equip our children with a good education.
我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。
I'll be well equipped for a new task.
我将做好充分的准备迎接新的任务。【单项填空】
①________， they set out to break the record for cross-channel swim.
A．Well equipped B．Well equipping
C．Well equips D．To be equipped
解析 考查过去分词作状语。选A项。
答案 A②All classes of this school are________with modern________.
A．equipped; equipment
B．equipped; equipments
C．equipping; equipments
D．equipping; equipment
解析 句意：这个学校的所有班级都配备了现代化的教学设备。equip与主语之间为被动关系，equipment当设备讲时为不可数名词。故选A项。
答案 A3．appoint
(1)vt.任命；委派
The company decided to appoint a new secretary.
公司决定任命一位新秘书。
I'm afraid we can't agree to appoint you as our sole agent because the annual turn over you promised is too low.
因为你方所答应的年销售量太低，我们不能同意你方作我们的代理。(2)安排；确定(时间、地点)
Shall we appoint a place to meet this evening?
我们今晚约一个地方见面好吗？
Let us appoint a day to have dinner together.
让我们确定一个日期共进晚餐。(1)appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人担任……
appoint sb to do sth 指定某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 约会，预约，约定；任命，委任
make an appointment 约会
keep an appointment 守约
break an appointment 失约They appointed Mr.White(to be)manager of the company.
＝They appointed Mr.White as manager of the company.
＝They appointed Mr.White to act as manager of the company.他们任命怀特先生为公司经理。
I can't wait here for long, for I have an appointment in 20 minutes.
我不能在这儿等很长时间，20分钟后我有一个约会。
I've made an appointment for a facial next week.
我已经预约了下周去美容。【完成句子】
①We have not yet __________ ________ ________ for the next meeting.
我们还没安排下次会议的时间。
②I'd love to go there with you，but I ________ ________ ____________ ________ my lawyer.
我很想和你一起去那里，但我要约见我的律师。
③He ________ ________ ________ ________ the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
他被派到外交部任职。
④Please ________ ______ ____________ ________ my secretary.
请跟我秘书定个见面时间。appointed a time appointment withhave an has been appointed to make an appointment with4．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
The school has only been open for six months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
这所学校开办还不过六个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
Don't evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以相貌取人。(1)evaluate one‘s ability 估计某人的能力
evaluate water quality 评价水质
(2)evaluation n. 评价，估价
evaluation method/factor 评价方法/因素I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.
我试图如实地评价自己的一生。
It's too early to evaluate the result of the experiment.
现在评价实验的结果还为时过早。【比较网站】 evaluate/estimate/value I can not evaluate such an important antique.
我不能对如此重要的古董做出评价。
I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge.
我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。
Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.
我们有些人非常重视安宁与舒适，有些人重视快乐与刺激。
He valued the house for me at 20,000 pounds.
那栋房子他替我估价两万英镑。选用evaluate/estimate/value 的适当形式填空
①Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
②I really ________ him as a friend.
③It is ________ (that) the project will last four years.
④We need to ________ how well the policy is working.
⑤The car has been ________ at over 20,000 pounds.
⑥We ________ (that) it would cost about 4,000 dollars.evaluate value estimated evaluate valued estimated5．absolute adj.纯粹的；完全的
There is no absolute standard for beauty.
美是没有绝对的标准的。
I have absolute trust in the (skill of) doctors.
我绝对相信医生(的医术)．【温馨提示】 absolute没有比较级，不可用表示程度的副词，如very修饰，但可用nearly等修饰。
He's an absolutely brilliant pianist.
他是一位绝对出色的钢琴家。
You can trust her absolutely. 你可以完全信任她。 absolute majority 绝对多数，超过半数
absolute zero 绝对零度
absolute trust 完全信任
absolute proof 确切证据
absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地；6．suit
(1)n. 一套外衣；套装
It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。
I want a tie that will match with this suit.
我想要一条能和这套西装相配的领带。
(2)v.适合；合适
It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short.
你不适合剪短发。
I can manage to come tomorrow night, if that will suit you. 如果您觉得合适，我可以设法明天晚上来。(1)a suit of clothes 一套衣服
(2)) suit sb 适合某人
suit to... 使……适合、适应
suit one's needs 适合需要
be suited for /to sb /sth 适合某人/某物
(3)suitable adj. 合适的；适当的
be suitable for/to sb /sth 对……适合 He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
他尽力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。
The show is not suitable for young children.
该表演不太适合少儿观看。 【比较网站】 fit/suit/matchCan you advice me what kind of shoes fit me best?
你能不能指点我，哪种鞋穿最合适？
It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合所有人的时间几乎是不可能的。
This sport jacket will match those pants nicely.
这件运动衫和那条短裤很相配。选用fit/suit/match的适当形式填空
①It is a small house but it ________ our needs.
这是一栋小房子，但它符合我们的需要。
②You can't ________ him in the skill of sculpture.
在雕塑技能方面，你无法与他相比。
③I tried the dress on but it didn't ________.It was too small.
我试穿了那件连衣裙，但不合身。它太小了。fit match suits ④Her clothes don't ________ her age.
她的服装和年龄不相配。
⑤The seven o'clock train will ________ us well.
七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适。
⑥Does this skirt ________ me?
这条裙子我穿着好看吗？match suit suit【完成句子】
⑦He and his wife ________ ________ ________ ________ each other.
他和妻子十分般配。
⑧The house ________ ________ really ________ ________ a large family.
这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。are well suited to is notsuitable for 7．potential
(1)adj.可能的；潜在的；潜力，潜能
Education develops potential abilities.
教育能开发人的潜能。
Our common goal is to maximize our potential for economic growth.
我们共同的目标就是最大程度地发挥经济增长的潜力。 (2)n.潜在性；可能性；潜能
Ever since your product entered our market two years ago, it has shown a great market potential.
你们产品自从两年以前进入我们市场以来，显示出了很大的潜力。
He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
他还没有意识到他的全部潜能。(1)potential energy 潜能
realize/reach one's (full) potential (充分)发挥/体现潜能
(2)potentially adv. 潜在地 Many household products are potentially harmful.
很多家用产品有潜在的害处。【完成句子】
①The disease is a ________ killer.
该疾病是潜在的杀手。
②The sums of money involved are ____________ huge.
涉及的金额可能很大。
③She has acting __________， but she needs training.
她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
④Lead is ___________ damaging to children's health.
铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。potential potentially potential potentially1．burn to the ground全部焚毁
She has no place to live in because her house has been burnt to the ground.
她无处栖身，因为她的房子被烧掉了。
About 5% of the forest was burnt to the ground.
大约5%的森林被彻底烧毁了。 burn to death 烧死
burn down 把……烧成平地，烧光；
渐渐烧完，火力减弱
burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁
burn off 烧掉某物
burn out 烧光，烧完
burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光，烧毁The boy's laziness burnt up his teacher.
男孩的懒惰使他的教师感到恼火。
The light bulb in the kitchen burnt out.
厨房里的电灯泡烧坏了。【完成句子】
①The house was ________ ________ ________ ________.
那所房子被彻底焚毁了。
②This exercise helps you to ________ ________ fat and tone muscles.
这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪，使肌肉强健。
③Half the candle had ________ ________.
那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。
④Put some wood on the fire and make it ________ ________.
给火炉加点柴，让火烧得更旺些。burnt to the ground burn off burnt away burn up2．in the distance在远处
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
We spied three figures in the distance.
我们望见远处有三个人影儿。(1)distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远
at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远
out of distance from 离……太远，达不到
keep sb at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远
keep one's distance from 与……保持距离
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的The painting can be only admired at a distance.
这幅画要在远处欣赏。
He is a distant cousin of mine. 他是我的一位远房表亲。【完成句子】
①I don't know________ ________(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai.
②The hospital is ________ ________ (不远) at all.
③Watch TV ________ ________ ________(离远点)．
④________ ________ ________(从远处)，I would see them waving their hands.the distance not distant at a distance In the distance3．make one's way 前往，成功
When the concert ended，I made my way out of the hall.
音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。
If you want to make your way，you must learn to work
hard when you are still young.
你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。 feel one‘s way 摸索着前行
fight/push one's way 推挤着前行
wind one's way 蜿蜒向前
force one's way out 挤出去；冲出去
push one's way in 挤进去
lose one's way 迷路
find one's way 找到出路The Great Wall winds its way across North China like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
We pushed our way out of the crowded bus as soon as it stopped.车刚停好，我们就从拥挤的公共汽车上挤下来。
The lights went out suddenly.One by one the students felt their way out of the classroom.
灯突然熄灭了，同学们摸黑一个个地走出教室。【完成句子】
①We ________ ________ ________ down the hill towards the town.
我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。
②Gradually, Henderson began to ________ ________ ________ in politics.
亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。
③We ________ ________ ________ in the forest.
我们在森林里迷了路。made our way make his way lost our way1．However weak we are，we are not completely powerless. 不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全的无能为力。
句中however weak we are是让步状语从句。however，意为“不管怎样，不管多么”，在语意上相当于no matter how。
All contribution, however small, will be greatly appreciated. 所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。
You won't move the stone, however strong you are.
不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。
However far it is, I intend to drive there tonight
不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。however用法小结：
(1)adv.“无论如何，不管怎样”。用来修饰形容词或副词，其语序为：however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.
你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat.
不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming.
不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
however的此种用法与 no matter how 大致同义。
People always want more, however /no matter how rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。
However /No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。(2)conj.“可是，仍然”表示转折，尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
My father, however, did not agree.
但是，我父亲不同意。
My room is small; however, it's comfortable.
我的房间很小，但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说情况如此，可是他错了。【温馨提示】
however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子。
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.【感悟高考】
To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，________honest. (2011·安徽，24)
A．therefore B．above all
C．however D．after all
解析 句意：要想伟大，你必须聪明、自信，最重要的是诚实。 therefore“因此”；above all“最重要的是，尤其是”；however“然而，但是”；after all“毕竟，终究，归根结底，(解释或说明理由)别忘了”。选above all。
答案 B(3)conj. “无论以何种方式，不管怎样”，引导方式状语从句。
However it may be, I shall take your word.
无论如何，我将会相信你的话。
However I approached the problem, I couldn't find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
However you travel, it'll take you at least two days.
无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it.
这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。【单项填空】
①You should try to get a good night's sleep________much work you have to do.
A．however B．no matter
C．although D．whatever
解析 however作连接副词时，与no matter how相当，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论……”“不管……”。句意：不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该好好休息一个晚上。
答案 A②He tried his best to solve the problem，________difficult it was.
A．however B．no matter
C．whatever D．although
解析 因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however(无论如何，不管多么)，引导一个让步状语从句。
答案 A③________ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A．Whatever B．Whichever
C．However D．Wherever
解析 however 用于修饰形容词rich，在意义上相当于no matter how。
答案 C2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
when 在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”，引起一个意想不到的动作。be about to do... when...表示“正要做……，这时……”。
I was about to wash my face when he came back.
当他回来的时候我正要去洗脸。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。 【温馨提示】
be about to do sth不与具体的表示时间的状语连用，可以与when构成固定句式。
The new school year is about to begin.
新学年开学在即。
误： The medical team is about to start immediately.
正： The medical team is about to start.
医疗队就要出发了。be on the point of doing sth...when...
正要做某事就在这时……
be doing...when... 正在做某事就在这时……
had just done sth when... 刚刚做完某事就在这时…… I was reading when the light went out.
我正在看书，这时灯突然灭了。
She was on the point of cooking when there was a power failure. 她刚要做饭，这时突然停电了。
Bill had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
比尔刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
表示将要发生的动作，还可以用下面的结构：(1)be going to do 表示事先经过考虑、打算去做某事或有明显的迹象要发生某事，它可用于条件状语从句中表示将来，而 shall/will 则不行。shall/will 可表示临时作出决定。
I am going to return to my native country in three years.
三年之后我要回到祖国。(2)be to do表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作。
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.
明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
(3)英语中 begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一个预计将要发生的动作或情况，可用一般现在时表将来。这一动作时间比较固定，基本已成为规律。
—When does the bus start？公交车什么时候出发？
—It starts in ten minutes.十分钟之后。(4)英语中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等动词(词组)可用现在进行时代替将来时，表示一个预计将要发生的动作，这种用法要带一个表示将来的时间状语。
My grandfather is going to Florida next year.
明年我爷爷要去佛罗里达。【单项填空】
①She was about to cry out________she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A．while B．when
C．before D．after
解析 句意：她正要喊叫突然听到她爸爸迫切地要她不要出声。 be about to do sth when...意为“正要……这时……”。
答案 B②He was about halfway through his meal________a familiar voice came to his ears.
A．why B．where
C．when D．while
解析 句意：他正在吃饭，大约吃到一半时，(这时)耳朵听到了一个熟悉的声音。“就在这时……”用when表示。
答案 C③We were________ to go out for camping ________ it began to rain.
A．hardly；than B．around; as
C．about; when D．nearly; while
解析 be about to...when...“正准备……这时……”，when作“这时”讲，它起并列连词的作用，连接两个并列的分句。
答案 C3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
this being my first experience是“代词＋v.-ing”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般和句子的主语保持一致，但有的分词短语有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格。常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
The condition being favourable, he may succeed.
若条件有利，他或许能成功。
There being no taxis, we had to walk.
没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
独立主格结构有如下构成形式：(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词
Time permitting(＝ If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
This being (Because this is )my first experience in Africa，everything is new to me.
这是我第一次在非洲的经历，所以一切对我来说都是新鲜的。 (2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词
The problems solved(＝ As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken(＝ Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 (3)名词/主格代词＋不定式
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
(4)名词/主格代词＋形容词
An air accident happened to the plane，nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
(5)名词/主格代词＋副词
He put on his sweater，wrong side out.
他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home.
会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 (6)名词/主格代词＋介词短语
The boy goes to the classroom，book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
分词独立结构可以转化为相应的with复合结构：
The boy returned，(with)his nose bleeding.
那个男孩回来了，鼻子流着血。
【单项填空】
①The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
解析 考查名词的独立主格结构。名词短语their lessons和动词finish之间是被动完成关系。故用过去分词finished。
答案 B②Everything________into consideration，they ought to have another chance.
A．to take B．taken
C．to be taken D．taking
解析 everything与take之间为动宾关系。故用过去分词。
答案 B③—Wow！It snowed last night.What a nice world!
—You're right.But it's more difficult to find my missing keys with snow________the ground.
A．covered B．cover
C．to cover D．covering
解析 考查with复合结构作宾补的非谓语动词形式。snow和cover在逻辑上是主谓关系，因此用现在分词。
答案 D④The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of________carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．which
解析 most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，相当于 and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。
答案 A
What is a tornado?
A tornado is a rotating (旋转的) column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.Almost all of them occur in the US，in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.Tornadoes can pick up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next street，or even in the next town.They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
①On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and over 1,500 injuries.The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925，affecting three US states：Missouri，Illinois and Indiana.②By the time it ended，about 700 people had been killed and more than 2,000 had been injured.What is a hurricane?
Hurricanes are strong tropical
(热带的)storms，and they usually
occur in the southern Atlantic
Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and
the Gulf of Mexico.There are
violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more，which cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods.There are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September, 1900 in Galveston，Texas.Winds of about 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.An extraordinary event
This is a story about the 1900
Galveston hurricane.
Charles Coghlan was a nineteenth-
century Irish actor who went to liv
e in Canada.③He then moved to New York，where he became famous.By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years later，the coffin was found by fishermen in the sea on Prince Edward Island in the east of Canada.The Gulf Stream had carried it 3,000 kilometres up the eastern US coast to Prince Edward Island.Coghlan travelled back to Canada，after he had been buried in Texas!Ⅰ.阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The wind speed of the most violent tornadoes is slower than that of the most violent hurricanes. ( )
2．Hurricanes can cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods. ( )
3．Charles Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas with the 1900 Galveston hurricane. ( )
答案 1.F 2.T 3.TⅡ.佳句仿写
1．他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, ________ ________ ________ ________.
2．到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
By last December three ships ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3．那是一座美丽的校园，在那儿我曾经有过许多梦想。
That is a beautiful campus ，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.thus causingthe delay had beenbuiltby themwhere I madea lot of dreamsPeriod 1 Warming Up，Pre-reading & ReadingⅠ.单词识记
1．________n．a set of clothes made of the same fabric，including a jacket and trousers/pants or a skirt
2．__________adv. next to or at the side of sth
3．________n. the possibility that something will develop in a certain way，or have a particular effect
4．________adj. real，especially as compared with what it is believed，expected or intendedsuit actual potential alongside 5．__________n. all the special tools，machines，clothes etc.that you need for a particular activity
6．________v. to choose sb for a job or position of responsibility
7．________n. a mountain with a large hole at the top，through which hot rocks and ash sometimes rise into the air from inside the earth
8．________n. a raised line of water that moves across the surface of the sea，ocean，etc.
9．________adj. complete or total
10．________n. a structure from which water is sent up into the air，which is often in a small poolequipment appoint Volcano wave absolute fountainⅡ.短语天地
1．___________________全部焚毁
2．___________________前往……
3．___________________在远方
4．____________和……一样，除……以外还……
5．___________________和……比起来
6．be enthusiastic about/over sth/sb_________________
7．protect...from__________________
8. be suitable for____________
9．be appointed as__________________
10．share sth with sb__________________burn to the ground make one's way to in the distance as well as compared with/to 对某物/人充满热情 保护……免受…… 适合…… 被任命为…… 与某人分享某物Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．However weak we are，we are not completely powerless.
[信息提取] however weak we are是让步状语从句
[例句仿写] 不管雨下得多大他们仍继续徒步旅行。
________ ________ ________ ________， they go on hiking.However hard it rained 2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
[信息提取] be about to do... when... 正要做某事这时……
[例句仿写] 我正要出去，这时有人敲门。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ someone knocked at the door.I was about to go out when 3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
[信息提取] this being my first experience是“名词/主格代词＋现在分词”组成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语
[例句仿写] 姑娘盯着他看，他不知道说什么好。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he didn't know what to say.The girl staring at him4．Having studied volcanoes now for many years，I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
[信息提取] having studied volcanoes now为现在分词短语的完成式在句中作状语
[例句仿写] 他们已被要求留下来，所以不能马上走。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， they couldn't possibly leave right away.Having been asked to stayⅣ.预读理解
1．Fast Reading：Scan the text and choose the best answers according to the text.
①Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The boiling rock which erupts from the volcano and crashes back to earth causes more damage than the lava.
B．The lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage than the boiling rock.
C．The eruption is not exciting to watch.
D．The writer climbed down into the crater to collect information after the eruption.②The writer doesn't mind the occasional danger of his job because________.
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he thinks his job the most important
D．he is excited about dangers and feels alive③What's the main idea of Paragraph 1?
A．About the volcano.
B．About the scientific equipment.
C．About the local people.
D．About the author's job.④How many years has the author worked as a volcanologist?
A．10 years. B．20 years.
C．30 years. D．40 years.⑤We can know from the passage that________.
A．the writer likes his job because it is challenging
B．after studying volcanoes for 20 years，the writer finds it very boring
C．nobody dare get close to the volcano after it erupted
D．it is easy for the writer to get close to the crater
答案 ①B ②D ③D ④B ⑤A2．Careful Reading: Read the text carefully and then answer the following questions.
①What caused the writer's bedroom to become as bright as day even though it was night?
__________________________________________________________________________
②Why was it difficult for the writer to walk towards the edge of the crater?
________________________________________________________________________The light that was caused by the red-hot rocks and gas that erupted from the volcano.The author was wearing special protective clothing that
made it difficult to walk. 1．erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生
No one knows when the volcano below Yellowstone in America will erupt.
谁也不知道美国黄石公园下的火山何时爆发。
The earthquake erupted into tsunami on March 11,2011, destroying most of the northeastern area in Japan.
2011年3月11日由地震引发的海啸，摧毁了日本东北大部分地区。
Violence has erupted on the streets.
大街上突然发生了暴乱。The eruption of volcano makes many people lose their lives.
火山的爆发使许多人丧失了生命。【比较网站】 erupt/explode/burst They exploded an atom bomb.他们爆炸一颗原子弹。
She exploded into loud laughter.她突然大笑了起来。
One of my bike tyres burst.我自行车的一个胎爆了。
Even another bite will make me burst.
再吃一口我就撑死了。【图解助记】选用erupt/explode/burst 的适当形式填空
①In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and ________.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
②The bomb ________ at a great distance from their observation point.
炸弹在远离他们观察点的地方爆炸了。
③Violence ________ on the street after the football match.
足球赛后大街上突然发生了暴乱。
④It's a game in which children try to ________ balloons by sitting on them.
这种游戏就是让孩子们把气球坐爆。 burst exploded erupted burst 2．equipment n．设备，装备
The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year.新医院的全部设备需要一年才能装备好。
We are in great need of medical equipment.
我们非常需要医疗设备。(1)a piece of equipment 一件设备
camping/lifting/safety equipment
露营装备/起重设备/安全装置
(2)equip v. 装备，配备
equip sb/sth with sth 给某人/某物配备或装备某物
equip sb/sth for... 为某人/某物装备……
well/full equipped 设施齐全的；装备好的
badly/poorly equipped 装备差的 He wanted to equip his son to have a broad outlook on world affairs.
他要教导儿子使他对世界形势有远大的看法。
We equip our children with a good education.
我们使孩子们受到良好的教育。
I'll be well equipped for a new task.
我将做好充分的准备迎接新的任务。【单项填空】
①________， they set out to break the record for cross-channel swim.
A．Well equipped B．Well equipping
C．Well equips D．To be equipped
解析 考查过去分词作状语。选A项。
答案 A②All classes of this school are________with modern________.
A．equipped; equipment
B．equipped; equipments
C．equipping; equipments
D．equipping; equipment
解析 句意：这个学校的所有班级都配备了现代化的教学设备。equip与主语之间为被动关系，equipment当设备讲时为不可数名词。故选A项。
答案 A3．appoint
(1)vt.任命；委派
The company decided to appoint a new secretary.
公司决定任命一位新秘书。
I'm afraid we can't agree to appoint you as our sole agent because the annual turn over you promised is too low.
因为你方所答应的年销售量太低，我们不能同意你方作我们的代理。(2)安排；确定(时间、地点)
Shall we appoint a place to meet this evening?
我们今晚约一个地方见面好吗？
Let us appoint a day to have dinner together.
让我们确定一个日期共进晚餐。(1)appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人担任……
appoint sb to do sth 指定某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 约会，预约，约定；任命，委任
make an appointment 约会
keep an appointment 守约
break an appointment 失约They appointed Mr.White(to be)manager of the company.
＝They appointed Mr.White as manager of the company.
＝They appointed Mr.White to act as manager of the company.他们任命怀特先生为公司经理。
I can't wait here for long, for I have an appointment in 20 minutes.
我不能在这儿等很长时间，20分钟后我有一个约会。
I've made an appointment for a facial next week.
我已经预约了下周去美容。【完成句子】
①We have not yet __________ ________ ________ for the next meeting.
我们还没安排下次会议的时间。
②I'd love to go there with you，but I ________ ________ ____________ ________ my lawyer.
我很想和你一起去那里，但我要约见我的律师。
③He ________ ________ ________ ________ the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
他被派到外交部任职。
④Please ________ ______ ____________ ________ my secretary.
请跟我秘书定个见面时间。appointed a time appointment withhave an has been appointed to make an appointment with4．evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
The school has only been open for six months, so it's too early to evaluate its success.
这所学校开办还不过六个月，所以要对它的成绩作出评价为时尚早。
Don't evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以相貌取人。(1)evaluate one‘s ability 估计某人的能力
evaluate water quality 评价水质
(2)evaluation n. 评价，估价
evaluation method/factor 评价方法/因素I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.
我试图如实地评价自己的一生。
It's too early to evaluate the result of the experiment.
现在评价实验的结果还为时过早。【比较网站】 evaluate/estimate/value I can not evaluate such an important antique.
我不能对如此重要的古董做出评价。
I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge.
我估计建造这座桥得用3个月时间。
Some of us value peace and comfort very highly. Others value pleasure and excitement.
我们有些人非常重视安宁与舒适，有些人重视快乐与刺激。
He valued the house for me at 20,000 pounds.
那栋房子他替我估价两万英镑。选用evaluate/estimate/value 的适当形式填空
①Our research attempts to ________ the effectiveness of the different drugs.
②I really ________ him as a friend.
③It is ________ (that) the project will last four years.
④We need to ________ how well the policy is working.
⑤The car has been ________ at over 20,000 pounds.
⑥We ________ (that) it would cost about 4,000 dollars.evaluate value estimated evaluate valued estimated5．absolute adj.纯粹的；完全的
There is no absolute standard for beauty.
美是没有绝对的标准的。
I have absolute trust in the (skill of) doctors.
我绝对相信医生(的医术)．【温馨提示】 absolute没有比较级，不可用表示程度的副词，如very修饰，但可用nearly等修饰。
He's an absolutely brilliant pianist.
他是一位绝对出色的钢琴家。
You can trust her absolutely. 你可以完全信任她。 absolute majority 绝对多数，超过半数
absolute zero 绝对零度
absolute trust 完全信任
absolute proof 确切证据
absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地；6．suit
(1)n. 一套外衣；套装
It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions.男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。
I want a tie that will match with this suit.
我想要一条能和这套西装相配的领带。
(2)v.适合；合适
It doesn't suit you to have your hair cut short.
你不适合剪短发。
I can manage to come tomorrow night, if that will suit you. 如果您觉得合适，我可以设法明天晚上来。(1)a suit of clothes 一套衣服
(2)) suit sb 适合某人
suit to... 使……适合、适应
suit one's needs 适合需要
be suited for /to sb /sth 适合某人/某物
(3)suitable adj. 合适的；适当的
be suitable for/to sb /sth 对……适合 He tried to suit his performance to the audience.
他尽力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。
The show is not suitable for young children.
该表演不太适合少儿观看。 【比较网站】 fit/suit/matchCan you advice me what kind of shoes fit me best?
你能不能指点我，哪种鞋穿最合适？
It is almost impossible to find a time that suits everybody.
要想找到适合所有人的时间几乎是不可能的。
This sport jacket will match those pants nicely.
这件运动衫和那条短裤很相配。选用fit/suit/match的适当形式填空
①It is a small house but it ________ our needs.
这是一栋小房子，但它符合我们的需要。
②You can't ________ him in the skill of sculpture.
在雕塑技能方面，你无法与他相比。
③I tried the dress on but it didn't ________.It was too small.
我试穿了那件连衣裙，但不合身。它太小了。fit match suits ④Her clothes don't ________ her age.
她的服装和年龄不相配。
⑤The seven o'clock train will ________ us well.
七点钟那一班火车对我们很合适。
⑥Does this skirt ________ me?
这条裙子我穿着好看吗？match suit suit【完成句子】
⑦He and his wife ________ ________ ________ ________ each other.
他和妻子十分般配。
⑧The house ________ ________ really ________ ________ a large family.
这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。are well suited to is notsuitable for 7．potential
(1)adj.可能的；潜在的；潜力，潜能
Education develops potential abilities.
教育能开发人的潜能。
Our common goal is to maximize our potential for economic growth.
我们共同的目标就是最大程度地发挥经济增长的潜力。 (2)n.潜在性；可能性；潜能
Ever since your product entered our market two years ago, it has shown a great market potential.
你们产品自从两年以前进入我们市场以来，显示出了很大的潜力。
He hasn't realized his full potential yet.
他还没有意识到他的全部潜能。(1)potential energy 潜能
realize/reach one's (full) potential (充分)发挥/体现潜能
(2)potentially adv. 潜在地 Many household products are potentially harmful.
很多家用产品有潜在的害处。【完成句子】
①The disease is a ________ killer.
该疾病是潜在的杀手。
②The sums of money involved are ____________ huge.
涉及的金额可能很大。
③She has acting __________， but she needs training.
她有表演潜力，但需要训练。
④Lead is ___________ damaging to children's health.
铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。potential potentially potential potentially1．burn to the ground全部焚毁
She has no place to live in because her house has been burnt to the ground.
她无处栖身，因为她的房子被烧掉了。
About 5% of the forest was burnt to the ground.
大约5%的森林被彻底烧毁了。 burn to death 烧死
burn down 把……烧成平地，烧光；
渐渐烧完，火力减弱
burn up 烧起来，旺起来；烧尽，烧毁
burn off 烧掉某物
burn out 烧光，烧完
burn away 逐渐烧完；烧光，烧毁The boy's laziness burnt up his teacher.
男孩的懒惰使他的教师感到恼火。
The light bulb in the kitchen burnt out.
厨房里的电灯泡烧坏了。【完成句子】
①The house was ________ ________ ________ ________.
那所房子被彻底焚毁了。
②This exercise helps you to ________ ________ fat and tone muscles.
这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪，使肌肉强健。
③Half the candle had ________ ________.
那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。
④Put some wood on the fire and make it ________ ________.
给火炉加点柴，让火烧得更旺些。burnt to the ground burn off burnt away burn up2．in the distance在远处
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
汽车的声音消失在远方。
We spied three figures in the distance.
我们望见远处有三个人影儿。(1)distance n. 距离；远方；遥远；疏远
at a distance 隔一段距离；距离稍远
out of distance from 离……太远，达不到
keep sb at a distance 对……冷淡，与……疏远
keep one's distance from 与……保持距离
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的；久远的The painting can be only admired at a distance.
这幅画要在远处欣赏。
He is a distant cousin of mine. 他是我的一位远房表亲。【完成句子】
①I don't know________ ________(距离) from Beijing to Shanghai.
②The hospital is ________ ________ (不远) at all.
③Watch TV ________ ________ ________(离远点)．
④________ ________ ________(从远处)，I would see them waving their hands.the distance not distant at a distance In the distance3．make one's way 前往，成功
When the concert ended，I made my way out of the hall.
音乐会结束时，我走出了大厅。
If you want to make your way，you must learn to work
hard when you are still young.
你要想成功，就得学会趁着年轻多多努力。 feel one‘s way 摸索着前行
fight/push one's way 推挤着前行
wind one's way 蜿蜒向前
force one's way out 挤出去；冲出去
push one's way in 挤进去
lose one's way 迷路
find one's way 找到出路The Great Wall winds its way across North China like a huge dragon.长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
We pushed our way out of the crowded bus as soon as it stopped.车刚停好，我们就从拥挤的公共汽车上挤下来。
The lights went out suddenly.One by one the students felt their way out of the classroom.
灯突然熄灭了，同学们摸黑一个个地走出教室。【完成句子】
①We ________ ________ ________ down the hill towards the town.
我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。
②Gradually, Henderson began to ________ ________ ________ in politics.
亨德森逐渐在政界有所建树。
③We ________ ________ ________ in the forest.
我们在森林里迷了路。made our way make his way lost our way1．However weak we are，we are not completely powerless. 不管我们有多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全的无能为力。
句中however weak we are是让步状语从句。however，意为“不管怎样，不管多么”，在语意上相当于no matter how。
All contribution, however small, will be greatly appreciated. 所有捐款，无论数目多么少，我们都深表感谢。
You won't move the stone, however strong you are.
不管你力气有多大，也休想搬动那块石头。
However far it is, I intend to drive there tonight
不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。however用法小结：
(1)adv.“无论如何，不管怎样”。用来修饰形容词或副词，其语序为：however＋形容词或副词＋主语＋谓语。这样用的however其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句。Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.
你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
However much he eats, he never gets fat.
不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。
However cold it is, he always goes swimming.
不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。
however的此种用法与 no matter how 大致同义。
People always want more, however /no matter how rich they are. 人总是富了还想再富。
However /No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 无论我多么努力地工作，她从来没满意过。(2)conj.“可是，仍然”表示转折，尤其用于谈及一个既成事实时。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
My father, however, did not agree.
但是，我父亲不同意。
My room is small; however, it's comfortable.
我的房间很小，但却很舒服。
He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however.
他说情况如此，可是他错了。【温馨提示】
however不能像 but(但是)那样直接连接两个句子。
我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。
误：We all tried our best, however we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best, but we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.
正：We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.【感悟高考】
To be great，you must be smart，confident，and，________honest. (2011·安徽，24)
A．therefore B．above all
C．however D．after all
解析 句意：要想伟大，你必须聪明、自信，最重要的是诚实。 therefore“因此”；above all“最重要的是，尤其是”；however“然而，但是”；after all“毕竟，终究，归根结底，(解释或说明理由)别忘了”。选above all。
答案 B(3)conj. “无论以何种方式，不管怎样”，引导方式状语从句。
However it may be, I shall take your word.
无论如何，我将会相信你的话。
However I approached the problem, I couldn't find a solution. 这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
However you travel, it'll take you at least two days.
无论你怎么个走法，至少要两天时间。
The painting looks wrong however you look at it.
这张画不论怎么看都显得不对劲。【单项填空】
①You should try to get a good night's sleep________much work you have to do.
A．however B．no matter
C．although D．whatever
解析 however作连接副词时，与no matter how相当，后接形容词或副词，意为“无论……”“不管……”。句意：不管你有多少工作要做，你都应该好好休息一个晚上。
答案 A②He tried his best to solve the problem，________difficult it was.
A．however B．no matter
C．whatever D．although
解析 因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however(无论如何，不管多么)，引导一个让步状语从句。
答案 A③________ rich one may be there is always something one wants.
A．Whatever B．Whichever
C．However D．Wherever
解析 however 用于修饰形容词rich，在意义上相当于no matter how。
答案 C2．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
when 在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时；这时”，引起一个意想不到的动作。be about to do... when...表示“正要做……，这时……”。
I was about to wash my face when he came back.
当他回来的时候我正要去洗脸。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。 【温馨提示】
be about to do sth不与具体的表示时间的状语连用，可以与when构成固定句式。
The new school year is about to begin.
新学年开学在即。
误： The medical team is about to start immediately.
正： The medical team is about to start.
医疗队就要出发了。be on the point of doing sth...when...
正要做某事就在这时……
be doing...when... 正在做某事就在这时……
had just done sth when... 刚刚做完某事就在这时…… I was reading when the light went out.
我正在看书，这时灯突然灭了。
She was on the point of cooking when there was a power failure. 她刚要做饭，这时突然停电了。
Bill had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
比尔刚刚上床睡觉，突然电话铃响了。
表示将要发生的动作，还可以用下面的结构：(1)be going to do 表示事先经过考虑、打算去做某事或有明显的迹象要发生某事，它可用于条件状语从句中表示将来，而 shall/will 则不行。shall/will 可表示临时作出决定。
I am going to return to my native country in three years.
三年之后我要回到祖国。(2)be to do表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作。
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.
明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
(3)英语中 begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一个预计将要发生的动作或情况，可用一般现在时表将来。这一动作时间比较固定，基本已成为规律。
—When does the bus start？公交车什么时候出发？
—It starts in ten minutes.十分钟之后。(4)英语中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等动词(词组)可用现在进行时代替将来时，表示一个预计将要发生的动作，这种用法要带一个表示将来的时间状语。
My grandfather is going to Florida next year.
明年我爷爷要去佛罗里达。【单项填空】
①She was about to cry out________she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
A．while B．when
C．before D．after
解析 句意：她正要喊叫突然听到她爸爸迫切地要她不要出声。 be about to do sth when...意为“正要……这时……”。
答案 B②He was about halfway through his meal________a familiar voice came to his ears.
A．why B．where
C．when D．while
解析 句意：他正在吃饭，大约吃到一半时，(这时)耳朵听到了一个熟悉的声音。“就在这时……”用when表示。
答案 C③We were________ to go out for camping ________ it began to rain.
A．hardly；than B．around; as
C．about; when D．nearly; while
解析 be about to...when...“正准备……这时……”，when作“这时”讲，它起并列连词的作用，连接两个并列的分句。
答案 C3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
this being my first experience是“代词＋v.-ing”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般和句子的主语保持一致，但有的分词短语有自己的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格。常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
The condition being favourable, he may succeed.
若条件有利，他或许能成功。
There being no taxis, we had to walk.
没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
独立主格结构有如下构成形式：(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词
Time permitting(＝ If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.
如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。
This being (Because this is )my first experience in Africa，everything is new to me.
这是我第一次在非洲的经历，所以一切对我来说都是新鲜的。 (2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词
The problems solved(＝ As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken(＝ Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 (3)名词/主格代词＋不定式
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。
(4)名词/主格代词＋形容词
An air accident happened to the plane，nobody alive.
那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.
这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
(5)名词/主格代词＋副词
He put on his sweater，wrong side out.
他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home.
会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 (6)名词/主格代词＋介词短语
The boy goes to the classroom，book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
分词独立结构可以转化为相应的with复合结构：
The boy returned，(with)his nose bleeding.
那个男孩回来了，鼻子流着血。
【单项填空】
①The children went home from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
解析 考查名词的独立主格结构。名词短语their lessons和动词finish之间是被动完成关系。故用过去分词finished。
答案 B②Everything________into consideration，they ought to have another chance.
A．to take B．taken
C．to be taken D．taking
解析 everything与take之间为动宾关系。故用过去分词。
答案 B③—Wow！It snowed last night.What a nice world!
—You're right.But it's more difficult to find my missing keys with snow________the ground.
A．covered B．cover
C．to cover D．covering
解析 考查with复合结构作宾补的非谓语动词形式。snow和cover在逻辑上是主谓关系，因此用现在分词。
答案 D④The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of________carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
A．them B．who
C．whom D．which
解析 most of them carrying...为独立主格结构，相当于 and most of them were carrying...，也可改为：most of whom were carrying。注意改动后连词 and 的使用和动词 were的使用。
答案 A