Module 2 Unit 3 The earth语法+名词单复数和there+be句型讲解

Unit3语法 名词单复数和there be句型讲解
语法专讲：
名词的数：
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式。不可数名词没有复数形式。可数名词的单数往往要与不定冠词a或an连用，复数则使用其复数形式。
单数可数名词
表示名词的单数，要在名词前加不定冠词a或an. a加载以辅音开头的名词前，an加在以元音开头的名词前。如： a book an apple
复数可数名词
名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上"-s"或“-es"构成的，其复数的一半构成方法如下表：
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 在词尾加s desk-desks girl-girls
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词 在词尾加-es bus-buses fish-fishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 变y为i再加-es families party-parties
以元音字母加y结尾的词 在词尾加-s day-days key-keys
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加-es knife-knives wife-wives
以辅音字母加o结尾的词 在词尾加-es potato-potatoes hero-heroes
以元音字母加-o结尾的词 在词尾加-s radio-radios zoo-zoos
注意：
少数以辅音字母加o结尾的名词变为复数时只加-s。
如：photo-photos相片 piano-pianos钢琴 zoo-zoos 动物园
一些名词的不规则变化
元音发生变化
man-men男人 woman-women女人 foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙
单复数形式相同
deer-deer鹿 fish-fish鱼 sheep-sheep绵羊 Chinese-Chinese中国人
词尾发生变化
Child-children孩子 ox-oxen公牛
有些名词只有复数形式
clothes衣服 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜
注意:某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数；
　　　a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数；
　　　b.　news为不可数名词；
　　　c. the United States(the US); the United Nations(the UN)　应视为单数;
不可数名词
不可数名词的确切数量的表达方式
当表示不可数名词的确切数量时，通常可在不可数名词前面加上表示数量的单位词。
a glass of water一杯水 two glasses of water两杯水
A kilo of meat一公斤肉 two kilos of meat两公斤肉
物质名词通常属于不可数名词。如：
液体和气体：water; milk; air; 思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate
极小的物体：rice; salt; sand 学校科目：English; Maths; Art
巩固练习
一、写出下列名词的单复数
brush _________ 2.wife_________ 3.sheep _________ 4.baby _________
5. box _______ 6.Japanese ________ 7.watch _________ 8. houses________
9.policeman________10.deer_________ 11.teeth _________ 12.men___________
13. are_______ 14.knife _______ 15.mice_________ 16.ladies_________
二、选出最佳选项填在横线上使句意完整。
( )1.Benny saw three ______ climbing the walls.
A.thiefs B.thief C.thieves D.thieve
( )2. - Tom,what are those
- They are________.
A.dears B.a dear C.deer D.deeres
( )3.There ____ a book and two pens on the desk.
A.is B.are C.be D./
( )4.The boy is thirsty(口渴的), he would like _________.
A. a cup of tea B. a bowl of chocolate
C.a box of chocolate D. a piece of bread
( )5.Maths _____ my favourite subject.
A.is B.am C.are D.be
( )6.It's important _______ us to study hard.
A.to B.for C.of D.with
( )7.There are many plants on Earth. Some live _____ the land. Some live ____ the water.
A.under, on B.in, under C.on. under D.under, in
( )8.We must stop _____ the animals!
A.kill B. to kill C.killed D.killing
( )9.Don't ____ rubbish into the river!
A.go B.throw C.pull D.push
( )10. Forests are very important. They provide us _____ a lot of things.
A.of B.to C.with D.for
Unit3语法There be 句型用法
一：there be 句型基本认识
1、定义：There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：
①There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

二： there be 句型的常考点
考点一：各种句型转化。
1：变成否定
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如：
There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
2：变成一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。
There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars
There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water
3：特殊疑问句
对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room
对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：
There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children
对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
考点二：there be 句型的主谓一致：
There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如：
1.There ___ any rice in the bowl.
A. are B. is C. isn’t D. aren’t
2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.
A. have been B. were C. are D. is
注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：
He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
课堂实地演练
一、句型转换
1.There is a woman near the house.（变复数）_______________________________________
2. There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）_______________________________________
3. There are some apples in the tree（变一般疑问句） ___________________________________
4. There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）____________________________________
5. Is there a baby in the room （变肯定句） ____________________________________________
二、单项选择。
( )1.There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much C. is ,many D. is ,much
( )2.How many ___ are there in the room
A. apple B. students C. milk D. paper
( )3.There _____ a film tomorrow evening．
A．will have B．have C．is going to be D．has
( )4.There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
( )5.There ____ a school at the foot of the hill.
　 A．have B．stand C．are D．is
( )6.How many boys ____ there in Class one
　 A. be B. is C. are D. am
( )7.There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
　 A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )8.There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
is a B. are some C. has a D. have some
( )9.There ____ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.
　 A. are B. is C. has D. have
( )10. ____ any flowers on both sides of the street
　 A．Is there B．Are there C．Has D．Have
( )12.----What did you see in the basket then
　 ----There ____ a bottle of orange and some oranges.
　 A. is B. are C. was D. were
( )13. There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me
　 A. any B. some C. a D. an
( )14. How many ____ are there in your classroom
　 A. desks B. desk C. chair D. door
( )15. There ____ something wrong with our classroom.
　 A. are B. has C. is D. have
三.根据所给汉语完成句子。
1. 桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。There _____ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. 钱包里有些钱。There ____ some money in the picture.
3. 在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。____ _____ some cards in Jim’s bag.
4. 里面还有其他的东西吗？_____ _____ anything else in it
5. 我们学校有许多班。There _____ many _________ in our school.
6. 树上没有鸟。There _____ ______ birds in the tree.
7. 树上有很多苹果。______ ______ _______apples ______the tree.
四．完形填空
Please have a look at this picture of a family. Are these people__41__ No, they are not from China. They __42__ from America. This is an ___43__ girl. Her name is Kate Brown. She is new in my class. __44__ the two boys. The one in the red football clothes is Jim, the other one in black is Peter. They are the __45__ brothers, and Jim __46__ Peter. They are __47__ school. The man with glasses on his nose is __48__ father. The woman is their mother. __49__ are new teachers in our school. They __50__ us English.
( )41. A. Americans B. Chinese C.English D. Japanese
( )42. A. comes B. be C. are coming D. come
( )43.A. America B. English C. American D. England
( )44. A. Look after B. Watch C. Look D. Look at
( )45. A. hers B. girl’s C. Kate’s D. Kate
( )46. A. looks like B. is looking like C. looks the same D. look like
( )47. A. go to B. in C. at D. go to the
( )48. A. they B. their C. theirs D. them
( ) 49. A. They B. Their C. Them D. Theirs
( )50. A. teaches B. teach C. taught D. teaching
五、阅读理解
Do you like climbing mountains My friend Ted does. He has never climbed a dangerous mountain, but he has climbed some quite big and difficult ones .He began to climb rocks when he was quite a small boy .Then his father took him with him one summer when he climbed some hills while the family were having a holiday in Scotland. And again he was very happy.
Last summer holidays, Ted’s uncle invited him to go to Switzerland. The mountains are high there. They went to Switzerland by train and had a very good holiday .They climbed several mountains. Once Ted’s uncle tied him with a rope because the mountains were rather steep(陡峭的). At the end of the holidays he said to Ted. “you are still very young, but you already climb well” Ted was very glad.
Now Ted wants to go to India to climb some of the high mountains in the Himalayas, but he is still young, and also he hasn’t got enough money. Perhaps some day he will have enough money and then he can go to India.
（ ） 1. What does Ted like
A. Wasting time B. Travelling. C. Climbing mountains D. Playing baseball
（ ） 2. Where did Ted’s uncle invite him to go
A. India B. Scotland C. Greece D. Switzerland
（ ）3. How did they go to Switzerland
A. By air B. By train C. By car D. By ship
（ ）4. Where does Ted want to go
A. China B. India C. Scotland D. Miami
（ ）5. Where did the family have a holiday
A. Hawaii B. India C. Scotland D. Miami
课后作业
一．单项选择。
( ) 1. I have _____ and a cup of orange juice for supper.
A. two bread B. two pieces of bread C. two breads D. two pieces of breads
( ) 2. Everyone needs _____ and water to live on Earth.
A. airs B. aires C. air D. an air
( ) 3. --- What's on the table
--- There are three _____ on the table.
A. cup of coffee B. cups of coffees C. cups of coffee D. cup of coffees
( ) 4. _____ a table and two chairs in the room.
A. There is B. There being C. There are D. There be
( ) 5. The cat catches two _____ on my uncle's farm.
A. mice B. dog C. tiger D. mouse
二. 将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。
1.There is some water in the bottle.
否定句：_________________________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________________________
2.There are many apples in the box.
否定句：_________________________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________________________
三、根据句意，用适当的be动词填空，补全句子。
1. There _________ a book and two pens on the desk.
2. There _________ many apples in the bag.
3. There _________ much water in the glass.
4. There _________ an egg on the table.
5. There _________ many animals in the zoo.
四、首字母填空
1. It is i__________ for all of us to have a clean environment.
2. Don’t leave rubbish everywhere. It p___________ the environment.
3. We should find more ways to p________ the forests.
4. We have air, water, and sunshine on E_______. They are necessary for people to live on.
5. Burning rubbish may cause a lot of a________ p___________.
6. The supermarket p________ us with a lot of things.
7. The environment is very dirty now. We must s______ p________ it.
8. Without air, we can’t live o_____ E______.
五、完成句子。
我们公司将为你提供卧室。
Our company will ___________ you ___________bedroom.
请把糖倒进水里。
Please_________ the sugar _________water.
不要扔掉垃圾。
Don’t _________ rubbish __________.
多吃水果对我们是有好处的。
__________ __________ ___________us to eat more fruit.
当老师进入课室时，所有的学生都停止说话。
When the teacher came into the classroom, all the students _________ _____________.
事实上，你做的选择是正确的。
________ ____________,you made a correct choice.
越来越少的学生参与这项运动。
___________ __________ ______________students take part in this activity.