B3U4 Space Exploration
单元主题语境和语篇内容分析
主题语境：人与自然
主题群：太空探索
子话题：1.如何成为一名宇航员 2.太空探索的发展历程 3.人类探索太空的努力 4.太空中的生活
【单元主题解读】
本单元围绕“太空探索”这一主题展开，内容涉及人类探索太空的历史与成就、宇航员的选拔、太空中的生活、火星探索计划、天文百科知识，以及关于“人类耗费时间和金钱去探索太空是否值得”这一话题的讨论。
本单元旨在让学生关注人类太空探索的进程，开阔学生视野，增长见识，积累相关的语言，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开创的精神，激励青少年勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，立下远大志向，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。
一．教材语料：人教版 B3U4
描述太空探索的教材金句
从句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risk.(表语从句)
Some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.(宾语从句）
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit earth.(定语从句）
非谓语
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.(v-ing做伴随状语）
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secret of the universe.(不定式做目的状语）
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt traveling into space was an impossible dream.(v-ing做主语）
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(v-ing做宾语，不定式做定语）
其他
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed.(形容词做宾补）
Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.(not only...but also 连接两个谓语动词)
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.(副词)
二．佳句仿写：人教版 B3U4
公式：v.-ing作状语
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.(v-ing伴随做状语）
仿写：听到这个好消息，我高兴得跳了起来。
Hearing the good news, I jumped with joy.
公式：名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式做定语。
Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
仿写： 中国是第三个把人送到太空得国家。
China is the third country to send humans into space.
公式：形容词做宾语补足语
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed.(形容词做宾补）
我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
仿写：We must keep our school clean every day.
公式：副词修饰动词
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.(副词)
仿写：她仔细检查了她的行李。
She carefully checked her luggage.
公式：不定式做目的状语
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secret of the universe.(不定式做目的状语）
仿写：他们为了保持健康每天锻炼。
They take exercise every day to keep healthy.
教材语料：人教版 B3U4
目标文本（来源自人教版B3U4Reading for Writing）
主题阅读，灵活续写个性结局
Tom, a fourth grader with poor grades and a bit of autism （自闭），always kept silent in class, but he was extremely interested in space and he bought many books about space . He had a dream of becoming an astronaut one day when he was a child, which other students thought was impractical.
One day, the headteacher asked students to have a discussion themed“Is exploring space a waste of time and money ”. All students except Tom lifted their hands, wanting to express their opinions. Some students argued that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space, while other students felt that was a shallow view that failed to realise how exploring space helped us.
After all the students showed their opinions, the headteacher took notice of Tom in the corner. Knowing Tom was into space, the headteacher went over to Tom and patted slightly on his back,asking:“What about you ” Tom was so nervous that he could speak no words, the whole class laughing loudly. After the laughter died down, the headteacher smiled gently and said:“Boy, I believe you can. Have a try!” Slowly, Tom stood up, saying in a trembling voice:“Fir-fir-first, I think exploring space has-has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.” The headteacher clapped and then the whole class began clapping. Inspired by the teacher and students, little Tom continued to express his ideas:“Second-second, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Applause broke out again. He continued to state:“Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.” “Wonderful!” the teacher said. Tom was very excited and added:“Exploring space provides the world with many different benefits, so I want to be an astronaut to explore space when I grow up.” “You will be an astronaut.” the teacher firmly said to him. The little boy’s face lit up with confidence. The whole class were all surprised that Tom finally opened his mouth.
获取基本信息:
谁who
时间：when
地点：where
事件：what
情节走向：how
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Para 1: After that class, Tom changed completely. ________________________________
_____________________________________________
Para 2: Several years later,when the teacher had almost forgotten the little boy, he heard from him.________________________________________________________________
[原创下水作文]
After that class, Tom changed completely.He walked out from autism. In class, he listened to the teacher attentively and he dared to raise his hands and ask the teacher what he could not understand. After class, he began to join other students to play games with great joy. Gradually, his grades improved little by little. Two years later, he graduated from the primary school. What surprised others was that he got the first place in the exam.
Several years later,when the teacher had almost forgotten the little boy, he heard from him. In his letter, there was a photo of him wearing space suit. He thanked the teacher for encouraging him to become an astronaut. He could never forget the class in which he began to speak out. He still remembered the words:“You will be an astronaut!” And now he has been an astronaut as he once hoped. The encouraging words saved the boy and his clear goal made him a real astronaut.
佳作学习
语篇填空（根据外研版选必四Unit 6 Space and beyond课文The Call of the Challenger改编）
I can remember the day so clearly, 1 (watch)the take--off on TV at school.We were very ___2__(excite)to wait for the moment when the shuttle was launching.Just after the take-off，the Challenger___3___(explode) in mid-air and we all started screaming. It happened so quickly and everyone was __4___a state of shock.Like every schoolboy,I had thought that 5 (go) into space as an astronaut must be the ___6__( good) job in the world.When I heard,a few weeks later, that the bodies of the 7 (astronaut) and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at __8__ bottom of the ocean,I was not so sure it was worth it at all.In spite of all our ___9__( advance) technology,the world is still only at the very 10___( begin)of its voyage into space.
答案：
1.watching 2. excited 3. exploded 4.in 5. going
6. best 7. astronauts 8.the 9. advanced 10. beginningB3U4 Space Exploration
单元主题语境和语篇内容分析
主题语境：人与自然
主题群：太空探索
子话题：1.如何成为一名宇航员 2.太空探索的发展历程 3.人类探索太空的努力 4.太空中的生活
【单元主题解读】
本单元围绕“太空探索”这一主题展开，内容涉及人类探索太空的历史与成就、宇航员的选拔、太空中的生活、火星探索计划、天文百科知识，以及关于“人类耗费时间和金钱去探索太空是否值得”这一话题的讨论。
本单元旨在让学生关注人类太空探索的进程，开阔学生视野，增长见识，积累相关的语言，更重要的是让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开创的精神，激励青少年勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发展道路，立下远大志向，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。
一．教材语料：人教版 B3U4
描述太空探索的教材金句
从句
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risk.(表语从句)
Some people argued that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.(宾语从句）
It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit earth.(定语从句）
非谓语
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.(v-ing做伴随状语）
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secret of the universe.(不定式做目的状语）
Before the mid-20th century, most people felt traveling into space was an impossible dream.(v-ing做主语）
Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.(v-ing做宾语，不定式做定语）
其他
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed.(形容词做宾补）
Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.(not only...but also 连接两个谓语动词)
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.(副词)
佳句仿写：人教版 B3U4
句型：v.-ing作状语，S+V
Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space.(v-ing伴随做状语）
仿写：听到这个好消息，我高兴得跳了起来。
Hearing the good news, I jumped with joy.
句型：S+be/become the first to do sth 名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式做定语。
Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
仿写： 中国是第三个把人送到太空得国家。
China is the third country to send humans into space.
句型：S+V+O+C
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed.(形容词做宾补）
我们必须每天保持校园清洁。
仿写：We must keep our school clean every day.
句型：副词修饰动词
On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth.(副词)
仿写：她仔细检查了她的行李。
She carefully checked her luggage.
句型：S+V+O +to do sth 不定式做目的状语
They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secret of the universe.(不定式做目的状语）
仿写：他们为了保持健康每天锻炼。
They take exercise every day to keep healthy.
教材语料：旧人教版 B3U4Reading
主题阅读，灵活续写个性结局
Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!
Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.When we got closer to the moon, we felt its gravity pulling us, but it was not as strong a pull as the earth’s. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,” I said. “If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.
Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time ” “Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to ”
获取基本信息:
谁who---my friend Li Yanping and I
时间：when---last month
地点：where---the moon
事件：what---visit the moon
情节走向：how---a round trip between the earth and the moon in a spaceship
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Para 1:“Mars.” I excitedly answered. __________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Para 2: From what he said , I know it’s a long way for us to visit Mars.________________________________________________________________
[原创下水作文]
“Mars.” I excitedly answered, “I read some news that a spacecraft had discovered a bear on Mars.” Li Yanping said“I also heard the news on the radio. I think Mars will be the second star to be landed on by humans, but there are still many challenges waiting to be solved.”He added, “The average temperature on Mars is about -60℃, at which we can’t live normally.What’s more, It is so far from the earth that it will take us about half a year to reach Mars which makes it difficult to send supplies to support the humans landing on Mars.”
From what he said , I knew only after we overcame the difficulties facing us could we visit Mars.Seeing the excitement on my face slowly disappear, he comforted me,“Some countries including China have successfully sent rovers to Mars to explore Mars and an European organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030.” Hearing this, the hope in my heart rose again.I believe humans landing on Mars will happen a lot sooner than most people think.When the day finally comes, I will be able to see the bear in person.
佳作学习(续写下水文的挖空）
根据中文提示写续写：（用上前面好句欣赏的句式或短语）
“Mars.” I excitedly answered, “I read some news that a spacecraft had discovered a bear on Mars.” Li Yanping said“I also heard the news on the radio.I think Mars will be the second star to be landed on by humans(第二个被人类登陆的行星）, but there are still many challenges waiting to be solved（等着被解决）.”He added,“ The average temperature on Mars is about -60℃, at which we can’t live normally（正常生活）.What’s more, It is so far from the earth that it will take us about half a year to reach Mars（到达火星要花费我们大约半年时间） which makes it difficult to send supplies（发送物资困难） to support the humans landing on Mars.”
From what he said , I knew only after we overcame the difficulties facing us could we visit Mars.Seeing the excitement on my face slowly disappear(看到我脸上的兴奋慢慢消失）, he comforted me,“Some countries including China have successfully sent（成功发送） rovers to Mars to explore Mars（为了探索火星） and an European organization is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030.” Hearing this（听到这个）, the hope in my heart rose again.I believe humans landing on Mars will happen a lot sooner than most people think.When the day finally comes, I will be able to see the bear in person.
课外补充：
语篇填空（根据外研版选必四Unit 6 Space and beyond课文The Call of the Challenger改编）
I can remember the day so clearly, 1 (watch)the take--off on TV at school.We were very ___2__(excite)to wait for the moment when the shuttle was launching.Just after the take-off，the Challenger___3___(explode) in mid-air and we all started screaming. It happened so quickly and everyone was __4___a state of shock.Like every schoolboy,I had thought that 5 (go) into space as an astronaut must be the ___6__( good) job in the world.When I heard,a few weeks later, that the bodies of the 7 (astronaut) and even the teacher's lesson plans had been found at __8__ bottom of the ocean,I was not so sure it was worth it at all.In spite of all our ___9__( advance) technology,the world is still only at the very 10___( begin)of its voyage into space.
答案：
1.watching 2. excited 3. exploded 4.in 5. going
6. best 7. astronauts 8.the 9. advanced 10. beginning
