外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Using language课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
现在分词和过去分词作补足语
宾语补足语（object complement)：指有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。
结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
I found the book.
I found the book interesting.
I am going to paint the desk.
I am going to paint the desk pink.
He made Laomo a killer.
能够充当宾补的有：形容词，不定式，副词，介词词短语，现在分词和过去分词。
We call him Tom. Tom名词作宾补
I find learning English difficult. difficult是形容词作宾补。
She ask me to lend her some money. 不定式作宾补
You can’t let the boy stand in the sun. 不带to不定式作宾补
I left a case on the train. on the train介词短语作宾语
1 现在分词作宾语补足语
现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾补是主动关系。其主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语：
（1）位于感官动词后，如 see，watch，hear，feel，smell，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe 等。
注意：感官动词 see，watch，hear，observe ，notice等后跟 doing 作宾补时，表示动作正在进行；后跟 do 作宾补时，表示动作的全过程。
As I got closer，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，喘着粗气。
Do you hear someone calling for help
你听得到有人在呼救吗？
02
Studying the rules
（2）位于使役动词后，如 keep，have，get，leave，set，catch 等。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.
他们使用电脑来保持交通畅通。
He had the fire burning all the night.
他让火燃烧了一夜。
We got the lawn mower working again eventually.
我们最终又让割草机开始工作了。
02
Studying the rules
2 过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾补说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系。接过去分词作宾补的动词主要有两类：
一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。
（1）用于表示某种状态的动词 keep，leave，catch等的宾语后面。
The guests left most of the dishes untouched because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分的菜，因为它们尝起来不好吃。
02
Studying the rules
（2）“have/get+ sth + done”表示“使某事被做（让别人做或主语自己做）”或“遭遇某种不幸”。
Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学界得到认可。
Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时把行李托运了。
02
Studying the rules
（3）在“make+ 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中过去分词表示结果。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。
（4）常用在感官动词 watch，see，hear，notice，feel，find 等的后面作宾语补足语。
I’d like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划得到实施。
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.
我惊讶地发现我的家乡变化如此之大。
（5）用在 want，wish，like，expect，order 等表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语。
Everyone wishes the matter settled as soon as possible.
人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。
02
Studying the rules
【误区警示】
现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾补的判断标准
（1）根据不与和宾补之间的关系来确定
主动——现在分词
被动——过去分词
（2）感官动词hear/ see/ notice/ feel等即可以接分词，也可以接省to的不定式
现在分词——主动、正在进行的动作
过去分词——被动、已完成的动作
省to不定式——动作全过程
02
Studying the rules
语法感知
You may find it astonishing that......
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
Finally the English government tried in the early twenith century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
No one was ever bored watching him -- his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
You find most of the population settled in the south......
非谓语动词三种形式
动词不定式
现在分词
过去分词
宾补
一、作补足语的非谓语动词形式
当主句转换为被动结构时，原作宾语补足语的动词非谓语形式转换成主语补足语。
The boss kept the worker working the whole night.
The workers were kept working the whole night.
His father often makes him study eight hours a day.
He was often made to study eight hours a day.
宾语 主语
二、能够接分词作宾语补足语的动词（短语）
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词（短语） 感官动词
see, watch, oberve, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等
I saw an old man knocked down by a car.
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
逻辑主语
2. 表示“致，使”意义的动词
have, make, get, keep, leave等
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
名师点津
have + 宾语 + 宾补
have sth done 请别人来做某事或遭遇某种情况
make + 宾语 + 宾补（do/done) make sb. do sth.
keep/leave + 宾语 + 宾补 过去分词、现在分词
oder, want, wish, expect to do 和 done want sb. to do sth.
with 复合结构中的宾语补足语
with + 名词/代词 +
形容词/副词
必修一大本137页
介词短语
动词-ing 形式
过去分词（动宾关系）
动词不定式 （表将来）
Well, nobody can help that with so many people __________ (take) the subway.
She had to walk home with her bike ____________ (steal).
With a lot work ______ ( do), he wasn’t allowed to go out.
With the crowds _________ (cheer), they drove to the place.
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes _______ (fix) on the ceiling.
taking
stolen
to do
cheering
fixed
find + 宾语 +宾补
find + 宾语 + 宾补
形容词/副词/介词短语
必修二大本120页
动词-ing 形式 （主动、正在进行）
过去分词（被动、完成）
We went home, finding our pet dog _______ (fix) its eyes on an insect.
Then I found myself ___________ (surround) by six boys.
A group of children were found ________ (play) on the playground.
The old man found his home town much _________(change).
fixed
surrounded
playing
changed
Environmental problems to be solved
Predict the topics that may be covered.
What the word “smog” means.
When the word “smog” appeared.
What caused smog in the past.
What causes smog now.
The effects of smog on the environment.
How governments try to reduce smog.
What will happen if we don’t reduce smog.
Pre-listening
Ⅰ. Listen to the lecture and choose the topics that are covered.
What the word “smog” means.
When the word “smog” appeared.
What caused smog in the past.
What causes smog now.
The effects of smog on the environment.
How governments try to reduce smog.
What will happen if we don’t reduce smog.
First listening
————Listen for the gist
1
2
3
4
5
Second listening
————Listen for the details
II Listen to the lecture and answer the questions.
1
2
3
Smog in the past
1. Term created in:_______
2. Big problem in London:
________________ in December 1952
3. Causes of the problem: burning too much
coal and___________
The term “smog” was first used in the 1800s in cities...Sorry, I made a mistake... It was in the 1900s.
1900s
The Great Smog
In December 1952, it suffered from“The Great Smog”.
no wind
...so a lot of coal was burned at home and in the factories. The problem was that there was no wind, ...
Listen to the lecture again and fill in the blanks.
Smog in the present
4. What are the causes of smog in the present
A. Chemicals coming from factories.
B. Chemicals coming from traffic.
C. A&B.
5. What are the measures to reduce the smog
A. Reduce waste of water.
B. Use renewable energy.
C. Make no-chemicals rules in the factories.
D. Make rules about chemicals in the factories, and requirements of cars in the city centre.
4
5
Listen to the lecture again and choose the best answer.
Nowadays, smog still exists, but is produced by chemicals coming from traffic and factories.
...factories must follow rules about
what chemicals they use.
...people have to pay to drive in the centre.
Ⅲ Summary
1. The causes of the smog.
2. The measures to reduce smog.
in the past
in the present
burning too much coal and no wind.
chemicals coming from traffic and factories.
requirements of cars in the city centre
rules about using chemicals in the factories.
Language Points
p.65 Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation .
devote v. 致力，献身，倾注
devote oneself to = be devoted to 献身于，致力于
devote one’s life/ time/ energy to 把偷人的生命/ 时间/ 精力 奉献于
She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people.
她为照料无家可归者倾注了全部心血 / 奉献了一生。
【单词积累】
（1）devoted adj. 挚爱的；投入的；忠实的；专用于……的
be devoted to sb. 深爱某人
be devoted to（doing）sth. 致力于（做）某事
（2）devotion n. 挚爱；奉献
单句语法填空
(1)Qian Xuesen devoted himself entirely 　 　　science.
(2)As we all know，he is a generous，　　 　（devote），reliable and warm-hearted friend.
(3) Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to 　　　　（set）up some schools for poor children.
(4) A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to 　　　　（help）others.
(5) Fans will show their 　　　　（devote）by waiting for hours to get tickets to their
favourite singer’s concerts.
to
devoted
setting
helping
devotion
p.65 ... Hannah travels the world giving presentations and talks ...
presentation n. 报告，（观点的）陈述，说明；展示；颁发
搭配：make/give a presentation 作陈述
The sales manager will give a presentation on the new products.
营销经理将举行一次新产品推介会。the presentation ceremony 颁奖仪式
【单词积累】
present v. 提出，陈述；描述，展现；颁发，赠送　
adj. 目前的，现在的；出席的，到场的　
n. 现在；礼物
present sb. with sth.=present sth. to sb. 赠予某人某物,给…颁发…
be present at the meeting 出席会议
at present 目前，现在
【误区警示】
现在的，目前的（前置定语）
present
出席的，到场的（后置定语）
the present government leaders 现任的政府领导人
the government leaders present 在场的政府领导人
写出下列句中 present 的含义
(4)There were twenty people in all present at the meeting. __________
(5)My present job is to take care of the old in a nursery home. __________
(6) All of them try to use the power of the workstation to present information in a more effective way. 　　　 __________
(7) The headmaster presented her with a gold medal. __________
出席的，到场的
目前的，现在的
展示
颁发
p.65 Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve （ SNNR ）.
reserve n. & v.
（1）n.（野生生物）保护区；储备（物）
搭配：keep...in reserve 储存……以备用
a nature/wildlife reserve 自然 / 野生动植物保护区
The money was being kept in reserve for their retirement.
（2）v. 预订，预约；保留，留出
reserve sth for sb./sth 为…预定/保留某物
reserve one’s judgement on sth 保留某人对某事的看法
These seats are reserved for the elderly and women with babies.
这些座位是专门留给老人和抱小孩的妇女的。
Do you have to reserve tickets in advance 你需要提前订票吗？
单句语法填空
(1) A double room with a balcony has been reserved 　　　　him.
(2)“It’s such a nice place，”Mother said as she sat at the table ___________　　　　（reserve） for Customers.
完成句子
(3) Keep a few pounds 　　　　　　（备用）to cover unexpected costs.
(4) I’d prefer to 　　　　　　 　　（保留我的看法）until I find all the evidence.
(5) These rooms 　　　　　　　　　　　　（为……保留）special guests.
for
reserved
in reserve
reserve my judgement
are reserved for
p.65 Well， SNNR was established in 2000...
4establish v.建立，设立；确定，证实
The company was established in 2010. 这家公司成立于 2010 年。
The new treaty establishes a free trade zone.新条约设立了一个自由贸易区。
They have established that his injuries were caused by a fall.
他们已经证实他是摔伤的。
【词语辨析】establish，set up 与 open
（1）establish 与 set up 均表示“建立，设立”公司、机构等，set up 不如 establish 正式，是日常英语中的常用短语。
（2）open 表示“开设，开办”向公众提供服务的企业，如商店、餐馆、酒店等。
p.65 In recent years， we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.
damage v. & n.破损，损害，损伤
搭配：do/cause damage to... 对……造成损害
Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
许多建筑物在战争中严重受损。
Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.
大风使屋顶严重受损。
易混词 辨析 例句
damage 部分性“破坏” “损坏”，可修复 Smoking can severely damage your health.
destroy 彻底地“破坏” “毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复 The big fire destroyed the whole farm.
ruin 严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物内在价值 His career would be ruined.
完成句子
(1) The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds________________________________（对……造成很大损害）his wheat.
选词填空（damage/ruin/destroy）
(2)You have 　　 　　my bike；you’d better get it repaired.
(3) My car was 　　 　　in an accident，and I have to buy a new one.
(4) To our disappointment，the bad weather 　　　　our trip.
(5) The accident caused some 　　　　to my car，but it’s nothing serious.
damaged
destroyed
caused/did great damage to
ruined
damage
p.65 We’ve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes, which affect the water supply downstream.
flood n. ＆ v.
（1）n. 洪水，水灾；大量
The heavy rain has caused floods in many regions of the country.
a flood of refugees 难民潮 flood damage 洪涝灾害
（2）v. 淹没；泛滥；（大量地）涌到，涌去；（感觉或回忆）涌上心头，涌现 flood in 大量涌入（不及物）
flood into 大量涌入（及物）
flood back （感觉或回忆）涌上心头，突然涌现
The river burst its banks and flooded the valley.河水冲垮堤岸，淹没了山谷。
Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.
全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
单句语法填空
(1) She drew back the curtains and the sunlight came flooding 　　　　.
(2)When I saw the photos，memories of my time in Paris 　　　　（flood）back.
(3) Large quantities of food are needed in the 　　　　（flood）areas now.
完成句子
(4) The charity received 　　　　 （大量的）thankful telegrams and letters.
(5)Requests for information 　　　　 　　　　（涌入）after the advertisement.
(6)Seeing what the homeless were experiencing，memories of her childhood came 　　　　 　　　　（涌上心头）.
in
flooded
a flood of
flooded
flooded in
flooding back
affect v.影响；（疾病）侵袭；使感动
Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的意见不会影响我的决定。
It’s a disease that affects mainly older people.这是一种主要侵扰老年人的疾病。
We were deeply affected by her death. 她的去世使我们深感悲痛。
【单词积累】
（1）effect n. 影响，效果，作用
have an effect on 对……有影响 in effect 实际上，事实上
take effect 开始起作用；生效，开始实施 come into effect 生效，开始实施
（2）effective adj. 有效的；生效的
【词语辨析】affect 与 influence
affect主要指一时的影响，强调影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响，也可指不良影响。
influence主要指对其他人的行为、性格、观点等产生潜移默化的影响。
单句语法填空
(1)Babies’ health is much more likely 　　 　（affect）if either parent smokes.
(2) The tornado happened in 1925， 　　 　（affect）three US states.
(3) With the government’s aid，those 　　 　（affect）by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
(4) Unhealthy living habits had a bad effect 　　 　his health.
(5) 　　 　（affect）by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure.
选词填空（affect/influence）
(6) The change in climate may 　　 　your health.
(7)We became the best friends and he 　　 　me deeply.
to be affected
affecting
affected
Affected
on
affect
influenced
8 supply n. & v.
（1）n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应（系统）；供应量；［pl. ］补给品
food/water/gas/electricity supply 食物 / 水 / 煤气 / 电供应
The nation’s fuel supplies will not last forever.
Supplies were brought in by air. 补给品通过空运送到了。
（2）v. 供应，供给，提供
supply sb/sth with sth 为某人/某物提供某物
supply sth to sb/sth
We supply power to the five nearby towns.
我们向附近的五个城镇提供电力。
单句语法填空
(1) They will supply us 　　　　technology in support without asking for anything in return.
(2)This book will supply some scientific methods 　　 us in English learning.
(3) Our school library can provide all kinds of good books 　　　　students.
(4)Finally，the manager offered a good job 　　　　me.
完成句子
(5) We 　　　　 　　　 　 　　（提供给无家可归的人）food and clothes.
(6)This 　　　　 　　　　 （给我提供了一个机会）to show my appreciation
to my headmistress.
with
to
for
provide/supply the homeless with
to
offered me a chance
p.65 This includes ... as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals. adopt v.采取（某种方法），采用；收养，领养
（1）n. 煤气、电力、自来水等供应（系统）；供应量；［pl.］补给品
adopt a new technique 采用一项新技术
adopt an approach/a policy/an attitude 采取一种方法 / 政策 / 态度
The new tax would force companies to adopt energy-saving measures.
The couple adopted a baby girl.
【单词积累】
（1）adopted adj. 收养的，领养的 adoption n. 收养，领养；采用，采纳
（2）形近词：adapt v.（使）适应；改编
adapt（oneself） to（使自己）适应……（to 是介词）
be adapted for 被改编成…… be adapted from 改编自……
单句语法填空
(1) Becoming a member of the society means 　　　　（adopt）its values.
(2) The woman said that her two children were both 　　　　（adopt）.
(3)Clearly，a more objective method of description must　　 　　（adopt）.
选词填空（adopt/adapt）
(4) It turned out that his 　　　　son treated them as if they were his own parents.
(5)It took him quite a lot of time to 　　　　to the life here.
(6)The film is 　　　　from a novel of Mo Yan.
(7) All three teams 　　　　different ways to solve the problem.
adopting
adopted
be adopted
adapt
adopted
adapted
adopted
p.66 Reduce waste by choosing reusable products ...
reduce v.减少，降低
reduce…by… （by表示幅度）
reduce…to… （to 表示结果）
reduce sth to ashes/ ruins 使某物（尤指建筑）化为灰烬/废墟
be reduced to doing sth 沦落到…地步
The workforce has been reduced by half. 劳动力已经减少了一半。
The skirt was reduced to ￡10 in the sales.
在大减价期间，这条裙子减价到 10 英镑。
They were reduced to begging in the streets. 他们沦落到沿街乞讨。
【归纳拓展】
rise/increase to 增加到…… rise/increase by 增加了……
单句语法填空
(1) She reduced her weight 　　　　6 kilos.
That is to say，she reduced her weight from68 kilos　　　　62 kilos.
(2) His speech reduced all the audience present 　　　　tears.
(3)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ___________________________（reduce）to ruins，the city took on a new look.
完成句子
(4) One of the most effective ways to 　　　　　　　（减轻压力）is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
(5) All the shirts 　　　　　　　　（被降价到）10 dollars.
(6)The price 　　　　　　　 　（降低了）20% since May.
by
to
being reduced
reduce stress
are reduced to
has been reduced by
to
p.66 Walk or ride a bike instead of taking a car.
instead of 代替；而不是
You can go instead of me，if you want.如果你愿意，你可以代替我去。
We should do something instead of just thinking about it.
我们应该做点儿什么，而不是仅仅想一想而已。
【词语辨析】instead of / instead
易混词 辨析 例句
instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性短语 I went to the bookstore instead of going to the cinema.
instead 副词，单独使用，可放句首或句末 I didn’t go to the cinema.
I went to the bookstore instead.
Instead, I went to the bookstore.
p.66 The less energy you use ， the less carbon dioxide is released.
the+ 比较级 ...，the+ 比较级 ...
“the+ 比较级（+ 主谓），the+ 比较级（+ 主谓）”表示“越……，就越……”。前者表示条件，后者表示结果。
The more you study，the more you know.你学的越多，懂的就越多。
【归纳拓展】
表达“越来越……” ：
比较级 +and+ 比较级
more and more + 多音节形容词原级
stronger and stronger 越来越强大
more and more important 越来越重要
完成句子
(1) 你学习越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
　　　　　　　you study，　　　 　　　　you will make.
(2) 你练习得越多，理解得就越好。
　　　　　　　you practise，　　　　　　　you can understand.
(3)With the rapid economic development，China’s position on the international stage is getting　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（越来越重要）.
The harder
the greater progress
The more
the better
more and more important
p.66 The less energy you use， the less carbon dioxide is released.
release v. & n. 释放，排放；发布；发行
搭配：release sb. from sth. 从……释放某人
He was released from the hospital yesterday. 他昨天获准出院了。
The bears are eventually released into the wild.
这些熊最后被放回野生环境中。
The new trade figures have just been released.
新的贸易数字刚刚公布。
release a movie/book/CD 发行电影 / 书 / 激光唱片
p.67 Smog can be dangerous because it causes severe breathing problems and infections.
severe adj. （问题、伤势、疾病等）很严重的；恶劣的；严厉的
His injuries are severe. 他的伤很重。
The US faces severe economic problems.美国面临严重的经济问题。
severe weather conditions 恶劣的天气情况
a severe winter 严冬
a severe expression 严厉的表情
【单词积累】
severely adv. 严重地；严厉地
p.67 A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone ...
permission n.允许，许可
have permission to do sth 获得许可做某事
get permission 获得许可
ask (for) permission 请求许可
without permission 未经许可
with one’s permission 经某人同意
You must ask permission before taking photographs inside the hall.
你必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。
No official permission has been given for the event to take place.
这项活动未得到正式批准，不能进行。
She took the car without permission.她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
单句语法填空
(1)If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her __________（permit）for things，think again.
(2)It was announced that only when the fire was under control would the residents 　　 　　（permit）to return to their homes.
(3) We’ll have a picnic at the beach，weather 　　 　　（permit）.
(4) She had asked the government for 　　 　　（permit）to move the books to a safe place，but they refused.
permission
permitting
be permitted
permission