2015高考英语二轮总复习语法专题 专题十 名词和冠词(课件 测试 含15命题动向 )

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名称 2015高考英语二轮总复习语法专题 专题十 名词和冠词(课件 测试 含15命题动向 )
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更新时间 2015-03-04 15:14:06

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1.—You shall get an iPhone as long as you come first in the contest.
—Is that a ________?Don't let me down, I hope.
A.trick B.decision
C.promise D.goal
解析 考查名词词义辨析。trick表示“诡计,花招”;decision表示“决定”;promise表示“诺言,许诺”;goal表示“目的,目标”。语境表示“那是一个承诺吗?”
答案 C
2.South Korean rapper PSY's hit song Gangnam Style made ________ history on December 20 as ________ first-ever video on youtube. com to reach I billion views.
A.the;the B./;the
C.a;a D./;a
解析 第一空make history表示“载入史册,创造历史”,是固定词组;first-ever意为“首次的”,此处特指第一个,故第二空应用定冠词the。
答案 B
3.________ most efficient way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ________ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A.A;a B.The;/
C.A;/ D.The;the
解析 考查冠词的用法。句意:理解成千上万个新单词的一种非常有效的方法就是很好地掌握基本的构词法。most与不定冠词a连用时,most相当于very,意为“非常”;gain a good knowledge of意为“好好掌握……的知识”,此处为抽象名词具体化,为常用搭配。
答案 A
4.Former Japanese Prime Minister, Yukio Hatoyama, arrived in Beijing for ________ four-day visit,which would help build ________ channel of communication over the Diaoyu Islands.
A./;a B.a;a
C.the;the D.a;the
解析 第一空处表示“一次为期四天的访问”,应用不定冠词;第二空处表示“建立一个沟通的渠道”,表示泛指概念,所以用不定冠词。
答案 B
5.China will maintain ________ stability of its Renminbi exchange rate all along, which does good for ________ world economic recovery, Commerce Minister Chen Deming said.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.the;/ D.the;a
解析 句意:商务部部长陈德铭说,中国将始终坚持人民币汇率的稳定性,这对世界经济的恢复是有益的。the stability of its Renminbi exchange rate和the world economic recovery都表示特指,故选B。
答案 B
6.Seeing the teacher raising her finger to her lips as a(n) ________ for silence, all the students sat down in a standard ________.
A.indication;situation B.mark;condition
C.sign;position D.symbol;condition
解析 考查名词的辨析。第一空处表示“一个手势、示意”,应该用sign,意为“示意的动作(或声音),手势”;而indication意为“标示,象征”,mark意为“标志,表示”,symbol意为“象征”,均不符合语境。第二空处表示“姿势”应该用position。situation意为“形势,状况”,condition意为“条件,环境”,都不符合语境。故答案为C。
答案 C
7.I was reading ________ magazines in the room when all of ________ sudden the light went out.
A.the;/ B./;the
C.the;the D./;a
解析 考查冠词的用法。句意:我在房间里看杂志,突然灯灭了。第一空处magazines是可数名词复数,此处表泛指,其前用零冠词;第二空处all of a sudden是固定搭配,意为“突然”,故答案为D。
答案 D
8.Keeping a diary is ________ good habit, by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.
A.a;a B.a;/
C.the;a D.the;/
解析 考查冠词的用法。句意:写日记是一种良好的习惯,通过写日记,你可以在写作上取得很大的进步。第一空处表示一种习惯,是泛指,用不定冠词a;第二空处progress是不可数名词,make progress“取得进步”是固定搭配,故答案为B。
答案 B
9.By all ________,you must try every ________ to help him.
A.mean;mean B.means;means
C.means;mean D.mean;means
解析 本题考生易误选C。其实,means作“方式,方法”讲时,单复数同形。而by all means是固定短语。故答案为B。
答案 B
10.The basic strategy to change bad behavior is to guide right ________ of teenagers by using some right public opinions, good models and perfect personalities.
A.remarks B.comments
C.values D.costs
解析 考查名词。句意:改变不良行为的基本策略是通过一些正确的舆论导向、榜样示范和完美人格对青少年进行正确的价值观指导。remark“谈论”,comment“评论”,values“价值观”,cost“成本”。
答案 C
11.The wild goats' ________ on the vast grasslands was an indication of a better environment.
A.escape B.absence
C.attendance D.appearance
解析 考查名词。句意:在广阔的草原上野羊的出现是环境好转的标志。appearance“出现”,符合语境。escape“逃脱”;absence“缺席,不在”;attendance“出席,参加”。
答案 D
12.While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will have an immediate ________ for the general readers.
A.reward B.aid
C.appeal D.budget
解析 考查名词。根据题意“这本书受到学者的欢迎,同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣”可知选C。appeal“吸引力”。reward“报酬,奖励”,aid“帮助”,budget“预算”,均不符合题意。
答案 C
13.—What did you think of ________ president?
—I didn't care for him at first, but after ________ time I got to like him.
A.the;a B.不填;the
C.the;the D.不填;a
解析 考查冠词。问句的意思是“你认为那位总统怎么样”,所以第一空表示特指;答句中的after a time意为“过了一段时间”。
答案 A
14.I appeal, as ________ human being to human beings:remember your humanity and forget ________ rest.
A.a;a B.a;the
C.the;不填 D.不填;the
解析 考查冠词。第一空处human being是可数名词,此处表泛指;the rest表示“其余的”。我,作为一个人向全人类呼吁:牢记你的人性,忘记其他的。
答案 B
15.There are many ________ that must be met before a sport can be considered by the International Olympic Committee(IOC).
A.requirements B.presentations
C.commitments D.appointments
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:必须在满足很多条件后,一个运动项目才会被国际奥委会考虑。requirement“必备的条件”,符合语意。presentation“提交,上演”;commitment“承诺,保证”;appointment“约定,委任”。
答案 A
16.It may take a long time to find a ________ to the problem but we will never give up.
A.resolution   B.method
C.solution D.devotion
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法,但是我们不会放弃。solution指解决问题的办法,与介词to搭配,符合语意。resolution“决议,解决”;method“方法”,常与of搭配使用;devotion“关爱,奉献”。
答案 C
17.—I want to buy a pair of shoes; can you give me some advice?
—The store at the corner has an excellent ________ for fair dealing.
A.expression B.reputation
C.involvement D.condition
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:——我想买双鞋,你能给我些建议吗?——拐角处的那个店买卖公平,声誉极佳。reputation“名声,名誉”,符合语意。expression“表达”,involvement“参与”,condition“条件,状况”,均与语意不符。
答案 B
18.Tony had a first-rate education and this gave him a(n) ______ over other boys who had not been well educated.
A.control B.tendency
C.restriction D.advantage
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:托尼曾受过一流的教育,这一点使他比其他未受良好教育的男孩更有优势。根据语意可知应选advantage“优势”。control“控制”,tendency“倾向,趋势”,restriction“限制”,均与语意不符。
答案 D
19.—Excuse me,could you tell me the way to ________ Smiths',please?
—Sorry,we don't have ________ Smith here in the village.
A.the;a B.a;the
C.a;不填 D.the;不填
解析 考查冠词。第一空“the+姓氏的复数的所有格形式”表示“某人的家”,此处指“史密斯的家”;第二空a Smith表示“一个叫史密斯的人”。故A项正确。
答案 A
20.I like reading books about ________ story of Sang Lan who has ________ positive attitude towards life.
A.the;the B.a;a
C.a;不填 D.the;a
解析 考查冠词。第一空处特指桑兰的故事,故用定冠词the;have a positive attitude towards表示“对……抱着积极的态度。”
答案 D
用名词的一些固定搭配或与冠词相关的结构替换画线部分内容
1. I saw a lot of rubbish in the street the other day.
→I __________________________ a lot of rubbish in the street the other day.
2.You should spend your spare time improving English.
→You should ___________________________________ your spare time to improve English.
3.The teacher entered the office,with_a_book_in_his_hand.
→The teacher entered the office,_____________ ______.
4.Although_she_is_a_child,she shows a great passion for the stars.
→___________________________________,she shows a great passion for the stars.
答案 1.caught sight of 2.make full use of 3.book in hand 4.Child though/as she is
课件50张PPT。【考向聚焦】
名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上,特别是抽象名词的辨析。不仅是单项填空,而且完形填空中也大量出现。其他常考的语法点还有:①抽象名词具体化;②专有名词普通化;③与冠词的连用;④固定搭配。冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a,an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知,冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有:冠词的基本用法;在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法;冠词的特殊用法;冠词在句子中的位置。 1.(2014·安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?
—That's a good ________.
A.saying B.question
C.suggestion D.account
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话,为什么不先买一辆二手车呢?——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。saying 说法;言论;account 账户;解释;说明,理由。根据句意应选C。
答案 C2.(2014·天津,3)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ________ of power.
A.source B.sense
C.result D.root
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意:风力是现今世界上增长最迅速的一种能源。A.源泉,来源;B.感觉,意义;C.结果;D.根,根源;根据上下文语境,故选A。
答案 A3.(2014·浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A.attempts B.requests
C.doubts D.promises
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:我们大部分人都不会拒绝我们认识或者喜欢的人(提出的)要求。attempt尝试;request要求,请求;doubt怀疑;promise诺言。
答案 B4.(2014·福建,26)—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty cakes?
—Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A.feature B.plan
C.cost D.trick
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:——你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗?——好吧,我就是按照烹饪书上的说明做的。trick诀窍,故选D项。
答案 D5.(2014·湖北,21)Her ________ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A.motivation B.qualification
C.talent D.technique
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。A.motivation 动机;B.qualification 资格,条件;C.talent 天才,才干;D.technique 技巧,技术。
答案 A6.(2014·湖北,22)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joan's face turned red at the unexpected ________.
A.command B.comparison
C.compliment D.contribution
解析 考查名词辨析。句意:当理查德说:“你现在变得更讨人喜爱,更漂亮了。”琼听到这突如其来的赞美,脸红了。A.command 命令,指挥;B.comparison 对比;C.compliment 恭维,称赞;D.contribution 贡献。
答案 C7.(2014·江苏,27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year's election.
A.symbol B.portrait
C.identity D.statue
解析 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她两年前被软禁,但在去年的大选中仍然是一个有强大影响力的象征。A.“象征;符号;标志”;B.“肖像;描写”;C.“身份”;D.“雕像;塑像”,根据语境,人们已把她看作一种有强大影响力的代表人物,故选A。
答案 A8.(2014·江西,22)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.the;a D.a;a
解析 考查冠词用法。句意:因为他们知道汤姆是一位精明的领导,所以就选他当球队的队长。可知,第一空用定冠词是特指这个球队的队长,第二空用不定冠词表示泛指意义。
答案 C9.(2014·陕西,19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
A.The;a B.A;the
C.The;the D.A;a
解析 考查冠词。句意:我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知,“我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰,表特指,用定冠词the;而第二空应是泛指。
答案 A10.(2014·天津,8)Life is like ________ ocean:Only ______ strong-willed can reach the other shore.
A.an;the B.the;a
C.the;/ D./;a
解析 考查冠词。句意:生活就像一个大洋,只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现,故用an;第二个空中the+adj.表示一类人,是定冠词的用法之一,故选A。
答案 A11.(2014·浙江,2)The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days ________ week,often long into________night.
A.a;the B.the;不填
C.a;a D.不填;the
解析 考查冠词。句意:这篇论文预计下个月写完,我一星期工作七天,经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期;第二空为习惯用法,如work into the night工作到深夜。
答案 A12.(2014·重庆,6)I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilson's because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.
A.the;a B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
解析 考查冠词。句意:我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走,因为我们村没有叫威尔逊的。由句意可知前者是特指,后者为泛指。
答案 A13.(2013·重庆,32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.
A.a;/ B.the;/
C.the;an D.a;an
解析 考查冠词。句意:父母被儿子膝盖需要动手术这个消息震惊了。这个消息特指“儿子膝盖需要动手术的消息”,故使用定冠词the;“手术”为可数名词并且是泛指,名词operation以元音音素开头,故使用an。
答案 C14.(2013·陕西,19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.
A.the;a B.a;/
C./;the D.the;the
解析 考查冠词。句意:据说,在13世纪马可·波罗在去爪哇岛的途中在太平洋上航行过。the Pacific Ocean固定搭配;第二空在序数词前,表特指,用定冠词the。故选D。
答案 D15.(2013·福建,21)The“Chinese Dream”is ________ dream to improve people's well-being and ________ dream of harmony,peace and development.
A.the;a B.a;a
C.a;the D.the;the
解析 考查冠词。句意:中国梦是一个提高人民生活水平的梦,也是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。两个空都表示泛指,故都用a。
答案 B16.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ,13)Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and ________ break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.
A.a;a B.the;the
C./;the D.a;/
解析 考查冠词。句意:四个半小时的讨论让我们待到半夜,中间休息时,吃了一些奶酪和巧克力,喝了加糖的茶。表示“四个半”,英语用four and a half;break表示“中间休息”时,常用单数形式,在其前面加不定冠词。由此可知选A。
答案 A17.(2013·山东,22)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
A./;a B.a;the
C.the;a D.the;/
解析 考查冠词。句意:这是一个寒冷的冬夜,月亮在黑暗的夜空中闪闪发光。第一空属于泛指,这是一个寒冷的冬夜;第二空sky为独一无二的事物,用定冠词the,所以选B。
答案 B18.(2013·浙江,15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A.a;an B.a;/
C./;the D.the;an
解析 考查冠词用法。句意:人们在年龄很小的时候养成了对某种学习方式的偏爱,而这些偏爱又影响着学习。首先第一个空用a,因为have/develop a preference for...为固定句型;第二个空仍然用不定冠词,因为此时age并不是特定的,而是不定的。故选A。
答案 A19.(2013·江西,32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
A.a;/ B.the;the
C.a;the D./;/
解析 考查冠词。句意:很显然,比起人类来,动物是较低等的生命形式。a form of意为“一种……形式”;man指“人类”时,前面不用冠词。故选A。
答案 A20.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ,31)India attained ________ independence in 1947,after ________ long struggle.
A./;a B.the;a
C.an;/ D.an;the
解析 考查冠词。句意:印度在长期抗争后,于1947年获得独立。independence是不可数名词,在其前面通常不加冠词;struggle表示“努力,奋斗”时,常用作单数,在其前面加不定冠词。
答案 A考点? 名词词义辨析
1.view,sight,scene,scenery
(1)view (从某角度看到的) 景色,风景,自然美景。
(2)sight 情景,景象,看见的事物。
(3)scene 景象,风光,事故现场,场面。
(4)scenery指景色的总称。From the top of Mount Tai,you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.
从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出景色。
Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park,I'm full of confidence of our country.
看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面,我对我们国家(的未来) 充满了自信心。2.state,position,condition,situation
(1)state 状态,样子,情况,形势。
(2)position位置,职位。
(3)condition条件,境况。
(4)situation形势,状况,局面。From their position on the top of the TV Tower,visitors can have a better view of the city.
从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.
学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。
She was in a poor state of health,which worried her parents a lot.
她的健康状况不佳,这使她父母很担心。3.mark,sign,signal,symbol
(1)mark 标志,标记。
(2)sign 记号,标记,迹象。
(3)signal 信号。
(4)symbol 象征,符号。In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book,it was a signal for everyone to stand up.
在课堂上,铃声响起,老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。
In communication,a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.
在交流方面,微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。4.power,force,strength,energy
(1)power 指身体上、精神上或心理上的力量,也可指权力。
(2)force 指运用或发挥出来的力量,可以克服阻力。
(3)strength 指内部固有的力量,如体力、实力等,表示精神力量时,指持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等。
(4)energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。The police had to use force to drive away the crowd.
警察只好使用武力驱散人群。
Practising Chinese kungfu can not only build_up_one's_strength,but also develop one's character.
练习中国功夫不但能强身健体,而且能培养一个人的性格。
I'm terribly sorry;it's beyond my power to help you.
实在对不起,我是爱莫能助啊!考点? 抽象名词的具体化
1.抽象名词具体化。
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难; a difficulty 一件难事
(2)experience 经验; an experience 一次经历
(3)failure 失败; a failure一位失败者,一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识; a good knowledge of丰富的知识(5)success 成功; a success一位成功者,一件成功的事
(6)surprise 惊奇; a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
(7)honour 荣誉; an honour 一位(件) 带来荣誉的人或事
Harry is a failure as a learner driver,because he failed to pass the driving test again.
Harry作为一个驾驶学员是失败的,因为他又一次没有通过驾驶考试。
As it turned out,the 2012 London Olympic Games were a success.
结果是2012年伦敦奥运会是一次成功的盛会。2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词。—Would you like some coffee?
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——你想喝点咖啡吗?
——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。考点? 不定冠词a,an的用法
1.不定冠词a(n) 表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons',please?
—Sorry,we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?
——对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。2.不定冠词a(n) 用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的。3.不定冠词a(n) 用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。
I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.
我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。
It's a wise choice to use a four-wheel drive on a snowy day.
在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。4.“a(n) +序数词”不表示排序,表示“又一、再一”。
What disappointed the Chinese most is that the national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup a second time,with four points from three matches.
最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。
5.不定冠词a用于most+形容词之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常”。
—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?
—The younger one.He is a most humorous man.
——双胞胎兄弟哪一个较容易相处?
——较小的那一个,他是一个非常幽默的人。考点? 定冠词the
1.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或表示发明物等的名词前。
As is known to us,the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on the Internet.
我们生活在一个很多事情都可以在因特网上完成的时代。[名师指津] 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空, nature自然, man人类等。2.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。
Liu Yang is the first woman who has been into space in China.
在中国,刘洋是第一位进入太空的女性。
3.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the day,by the dozen,by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
—It's said John will be in a job paying over 60,000 a year.
—Right,he will also get paid by the week.
——据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的,而且会按周付薪。4.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties went to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。考点? 零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、人名、地名如:China,America前。
Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.
Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前不加冠词。
Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
3.学科名称、球类名称、棋类名称前不加冠词。
He likes playing basketball/chess.
他喜欢打篮球/下棋。4.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常见的名词有king,president,chairman,monitor,head等。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became/made a writer.
鲁迅成为作家前是医生。
Dr.Peter Spence,headmaster of the school,told us,“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们:“五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。”5.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Clever boy as he is,he can't solve such a difficult problem.
尽管他是聪明的孩子,他无法解决这么难的问题。
6.在某些独立主格结构,如“单数名词+介词短语”中,名词前不用冠词。
He rushed into the classroom,book in hand.
他冲进教室,手里拿着一本书。7.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
Everything comes with a price;there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有免费的午餐。点击此处进入