(共37张PPT)
【考向聚焦】
名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目,主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现,连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外,在同位语从句中,经常考查that的用法。除此之外,其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。
1.(2014·北京,30)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
A.where B.when
C.how D.why
解析 考查表语从句。句意:这位足球明星最好的时刻就是他射进了决胜的一球的那一刻。因为前面有moment,所以根据表语从句的含义选择when。
答案 B
2.(2014·北京,33)Some people believe ________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever B.whenever
C.wherever D.however
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:有些人相信,无论以前发生过什么,或者现在发生着什么,都会在未来重现。宾语从句中缺少主语,四个选项中只有whatever能够做主语。其他均为状语。
答案 A
3.(2014·大纲,24)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.
A.whether B.why
C.when D.how
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的,但是大约是在1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句,且在句中作时间状语。whether“是否”,不作成分,只起连接作用;why作原因状语;how作方式状语。故答案为C。
答案 C
4.(2014·福建,34)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
A.that B.what
C.how D.whether
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:跌倒后再站起来。勇气是做你不敢做的事情。这里含有一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中作do的宾语,所以用what,故选B项。
答案 B
5.(2014·湖南,24)As John Lennon once said,life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A.which B.that
C.what D.where
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:正如John Lennon曾经说过的一样,生活就是当你忙着制订其他计划而发生在你身上的一切。所填词汇在句中引导表语从句,引导词在从句中做主语,指物,用what,选C。
答案 C
6.(2014·江苏,26)—What a mess!You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.
A.how B.what
C.that D.who
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:——这么一团糟!你总是那么懒惰!——妈妈,该受责备的不是我,是你让我成了这个样子。根据结构分析,所填词汇在句中引导表语从句,且在从句中担当宾语补足语,此处指目前的这种状况,指事物,故用what,选B。
答案 B
7.(2014·山东,7)It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A.where B.what
C.which D.why
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:对我们来说很难想象古代奴隶的生活像什么样子。what引导的从句是宾语从句,在宾语从句中what作介词like的宾语。故选B项。
答案 B
8.(2014·四川,2)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“That's ______ I was born.”
A.when B.how
C.why D.where
解析 考查表语从句。根据前面hospital一词及从句结构可知,表语从句中缺少地点状语。故选D项。
答案 D
9.(2014·天津,14)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A.what B.that
C.which D.who
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:我认为他的绘画给我印象最深的就是他所使用的颜色。根据结构该空所填词汇引导主语从句,引导词是物,在其中做主语,故选A。
答案 A
10.(2014·浙江,8)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
A.what B.how
C.that D.whether
解析 考查表语从句。句意:每次吃糖时,喝点绿茶。这是妈妈过去常对我说的话。what在表语从句中作tell的宾语;that和whether在名词性从句中不作成分,因此排除;how作状语。
答案 A
11.(2014·重庆,12)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah,but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.
A.when B.why
C.that D.how
解析 考查同位语从句。由题意可知:耶鲁大学是Mike最喜爱的大学之一,可他却拒入学,真不知道他为什么会这样。因此可知B为最佳答案。
答案 B
12.(2013·北京,31)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A.That B.What
C.Who D.Which
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:使这本书不同寻常的是作者富有创造性的想象力。what引导主语从句,在句中作主语,符合句意。that引导主语从句时,不作句子成分;who指人;which引导主语从句,意思为哪一个,哪一些,均不符合句意。
答案 B
13.(2013·山东,30)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A.what B.whose
C.which D.that
解析 考查主语从句。句意:当我们不在的时候,知道这些狗会被好好照顾真是太好了。本句中it是形式主语,代替后面的从句,而从句中意思及语法结构完整,不缺任何成分,所以选that,引导主语从句。
答案 D
14.(2013·浙江,16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A.how B.that
C.which D.whether
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:取得最大成功的唯一方法就是充分相信你在赛场上比其他人更好。该空引导belief的同位语从句。并且在从句中既不作任何句子成分,也无任何意义,只能用that。how与which在同位语从句中,不仅有意义而且作成分;whether在同位语从句中,虽然不作成分,但却有意义。故选B。
答案 B
15.(2013·四川,6)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A.When B.How
C.What D.That
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:你在会议上所说的描述了公司的美好未来。A项在名词性从句中作状语;B项作状语;C项可作主语、宾语或表语;D项只起引导作用,不作句子成分。分析句子结构可知在主语从句中缺少宾语,故选择C项。
答案 C
16.(2013 重庆,28)________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
A.That B.It
C.What D.Which
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:这部电影中最打动我的就是那位父亲对儿子深深的爱。C项what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“什么”,符合句意。A项that要接一句完整的句子引导主语从句,that在从句中没有实际意义,仅起引导作用,因此排除;B项it不可以引导主语从句;D项which引导主语从句,意思为哪一个,哪一些,表达疑问的含义,一般后面需要紧跟名词。
答案 C
17.(2013·天津,15)________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A.That B.Which
C.Whether D.What
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:我想告诉你的是我对父母深沉的爱和敬意。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个主语从句,从句中tell缺宾语,根据句意应选D。that引导主语从句不作成分不翻译;which哪一个;whether是否,引导名词性从句不作成分。
答案 D
18.(2013·北京,33)Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A.why B.where
C.that D.what
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:专家们相信人们只在必要的时候购物能减少食品的浪费。that引导宾语从句,不作任何成分,只起连接作用。
答案 C
19.(2013·湖南,28)Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
A.how B.that
C.which D.where
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:不要让任何失败阻止你,因为你永远不会知道你离胜利有多么近。how在句中引导宾语从句,常用于“how +adj.+主语+谓语+其他”结构中,意为“多么……”。
答案 A
20.(2013·江西,30)________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A.Whoever B.Whatever
C.Whichever D.Wherever
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:无论你们中哪一个打破了窗户都必须赔偿。A项意为“无论谁”;B项意为“无论什么”;C项意为“无论哪一个”;D项意为“无论在哪里”。只有whichever后面可以接代词one。
答案 C
考点 主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,常用it作形式主语。引导主语从句的词有:that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等。
It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系,两条路都通向公园。
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.
他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。
—What made her so upset
—That she failed in her mid term examination.(主语从句,that不充当成分)
——什么使她那么伤心?
——她期中考试失败(使她那么伤心)。
考点 宾语从句
1.由关联词that引导的宾语从句。
由关联词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.
他说他非常喜欢下雨,下雨天他都不愿打伞。
2.由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.
她总是在想怎样把工作做好。
3.在宾语从句中,引导词whether和if基本一样,但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。
In recent years,there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.
近几年来,关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。
4.that,what引导宾语从句的区别。
在宾语从句中,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导宾语从句时,意为“什么”(有时候可以不译) ,在从句中用来作主语或宾语。
The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾语)
你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。
Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment,the result remained the same.(that不充当成分)
伽利略发现,不管他进行多少次试验,结果都一样。
5.有些动词或动词短语,如like,hate,appreciate,hide,depend on,see to等, 一般不直接跟宾语从句,需要在从句前加上it。
He took it that we were to stay here for the night.
他以为我们要在这里过夜。
I don't like it when you look at me like that!
我不喜欢你那样看我。
考点 同位语从句
1.同位语从句常放在fact,news,doubt,problem,promise,idea等名词后面,常用的引导词有that,who,whether,why,where,when等。
I made a promise to myself that this year,my first year in high school,would be different.
我向自己保证:今年——我高中的第一年——将会是不同寻常的一年。
I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.
我不知道经理不在时,谁会负责公司的业务。
2.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容,从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,引导词that只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句对其前的名词即先行词加以限制和修饰,从句本身不够完整,因此关系词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。
When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.(that引导的是同位语从句,that不可省略)
当战争的消息传来时,他决定参军。
As a matter of fact,the news (that/which) he told me yesterday is true.(that/which引导定语从句,也可以省略)
实际上,他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
考点 表语从句
引导表语从句的词有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how,because等。
—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's where I don't agree.You should have a more active life.
——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。
——那就是我不赞同的地方,你应该拥有更积极的生活。
As is known to us,China is no longer what she used to be.众所周知,中国再也不是从前的中国了。
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(表语从句)
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。
考点 “疑问词+ ever”引导的名词性从句
“疑问词+ ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的区别
“疑问词+ ever”与“no matter+疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思,但是用法有区别:“疑问词+ ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而“no matter+疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。
There are various things on sale,so you can choose whatever interests you.
有各种各样的物品在出售,所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。
Everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable and easy to get on with.
每个人都喜欢和值得信任并且容易相处的人一起工作。
Whatever/No matter what you say,I will not believe you.
无论你说什么,我都不相信。1.(2014届山东省威海市高三上学期期中考试)I've put a cross on the map to show ________ that famous hotel is.
A.where B.wherever
C.what D.whatever
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:我在地图上画了一个叉表示这个著名的旅店在什么地方。show后面是宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少地点,wherever和whatever可以引导让步状语从句,whatever引导宾语从句的时候,表示“凡是……”,选A项。
答案 A
2.(2014届河南省开封高中等豫东豫北十所名校高中毕业班阶段性测试)In my opinion ________ matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.
A.how B.it
C.that D.what
解析 考查主语从句。句意:在我看来,重要的是是否我们能作为团体赢,而不是作为个人。what引导的是主语从句,在主语从句中what做主语,故选D项。
答案 D
3.(2014届四川省成都石室中学高三上学期期中考试)There are some warnings in some countries ________ over exploitation of underground water has caused the decline of wetland and increase of desertification.
A.which B.where
C.what D.that
解析 考查同位语从句。句意:在一些国家有很多警告,过分的开采地下水已经导致湿地的减少和沙漠化的增加。这里横线后面是同位语,说明warnings的内容,因为同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的,用that连接,that不做成分,只起到连接的作用,但是也不能省略,which哪个,where哪里,what什么,不符合句意,选D项。
答案 D
4.(2014届浙江省衢州一中高三上学期期中)—These days I feel exhausted and lack strength.
—That's ________ too much drinking and poor diet lead.
A.what B.which
C.why D.where
解析 考查表语从句。本句中含有一个表语从句where too much drinking and poor diet lead,放在系动词is的后面构成系表结构。句意:——这些日子我感觉很疲惫,没有力气。——那就是喝太多的酒和不好的饮食带来的影响。A、B两项在句中要作为主语或者宾语或者表语。why在句中做原因状语。故选D项。
答案 D
5.(2014届四川省成都石室中学高三上学期期中)________ watched the 2012 London Olympic Games agreed that some Chinese athletes performed perfectly,such as Sun Yang and Ye Shiwen.
A.Anyone B.Whichever
C.Whoever D.Whatever
解析 考查主语从句。句意:任何看2012年伦敦奥运会的人都同意一些中国运动员表现的很好,像孙扬和叶诗文。这是主语从句的连接词,whoever引导主语从句=anyone who,anyone后面接定语从句缺少关系代词,whichever无论哪个;whatever无论什么,都不符合句意。选C项。
答案 C
6.(2014届浙江省象山普通高中高三第一次模拟)We think that it's love,generosity and perseverance ________ make the world ________ it is today.
A.what;that B.that;what
C.which;what D.which;that
解析 考查引导词的用法。句意:我们认为正是爱,慷慨和坚持不懈的精神,让这个世界成为今天的样子。It is+强调的内容+that+剩余的部分。第一空填that引导强调句的剩余部分,不做成分。第二空宾语从句中缺少表语,故用what。因此选B项。
答案 B
7.(2014届辽宁省沈阳二中高三上学期期中)After a long journey,those young men finally reached ________ they called the paradise.
A.where B.what
C.in which D.that
解析 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:长途旅行后,这些年轻人到了他们叫做乐园的地方。reached后面接宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少宾语,用what连接宾语从句,选B项。
答案 B
8.(2014届四川成都高三摸底)Don't worry!There is still a great chance ________ we can make up for the lost time.
A.which B.that
C.where D.when
解析 考查同位语从句。句意:不要担心!我们还有机会来弥补失去的时间。结合语境可知下文we can make up for the lost time为同位语从句,引导词在句子中不承担句子成分,只起连接作用,故选B项。
答案 B
9.(2014届河南郑州第四中学高三上学期第一次调考)Sometimes,________ we show our gratitude for a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.
A.when B.whether
C.why D.how
解析 考查主语从句的引导词。句意:有时候,我们如何表达我们对一个人的感激会体现在我们端给他或她的食物种类上。从句意判断应该是表达感激的方式,故选D项。
答案 D
10.(2014届浙江省瑞安中学高三上学期期中)In fact,I wonder ________ my efforts were all in vain.
A.that B.which
C.why D.where
解析 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:事实上,我想知道我的努力为什么会是徒劳。因为主句的谓语是wonder,应该用疑问词连接,which可以做主宾表,这句话不缺主宾表,where在哪里,不符合句意,选C项。
答案 C
11.(2014届江苏省六合高级中学高三第一次模拟)Being determined is a good quality and that's ________ it takes to do anything well.
A.what B.which
C.where D.how
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:坚定是一种优秀品质,正是要把任何事情做好所需要的。根据从句在is 后,判定是表语从句,表语从句中缺takes的宾语。C和D在句中作状语。B表示哪个;或哪些,有疑问的含义。故选A项。
答案 A
12.(2014届江西吉水中学高三9月第二次考试)________ disappointed us most was that the guide was always asking us to leave ________ we thought very interesting.
A.It;where B.What;what
C.What;where D.It;what
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:最让我们失望的是,导游总是让我们离开我们认为是非常有趣的东西。第一空填what做主语从句的主语,第二空填what,是宾语从句的宾语,选B项。
答案 B
13.(2014届四川省资阳市高三一诊)I have received an offer from a German university,but I'm still hesitating ________ I should accept it.
A.how B.why
C.that D.whether
解析 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:我收到德国的一所大学的提议,我还在犹豫是否接受它。根据句意用whether引导宾语从句,that引导宾语从句的时候,一般是事实,how“怎样”,why“为什么”,不符合句意。选D项。
答案 D
14.(2014届浙江省绍兴市第一中学高三上学期期中)Even if there is no scientific proof ________ secondhand smoke causes cancer,there is no reason why nonsmokers should be forced to take this risk.
A.which B.that
C.when D.where
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:即使没有科学证据表明吸二手烟会致癌,也没有理由让不吸烟的人们被迫去冒这种危险。proof后是同位语从句,说明proof的内容,而同位语从句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以用that引导,故选B项。
答案 B
15.(2014届福建省德化一中高三上学期第二次质检)What is even more important is ________ the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.
A.that B.that as
C.which D.which as
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:甚至更重要的是当地球冷却的时候,水开始在地球表面上出现了。根据结构可知is 后面是表语从句,表语从句中又有状语从句,所以需要两个连接词,一个引导表语从句,一个引导状语从句。which引导从句需做成分,而表语从句中不缺少成分,故选B项。
答案 B
16.(2014届河南省南阳市高三五校联谊期中)Ray is a new graduate,and it seems that he has difficulty in dealing with ________ problems arise.
A.whichever B.whenever
C.whatever D.wherever
解析 考查名词性从句的连接词。句意:Ray是刚刚毕业的学生,似乎处理出现的任何问题都有困难。whatever引导名词性从句,whichever“无论哪个”,修饰名词,wherever无论哪里,whenever无论何时,选C项。
答案 C
17.(2014届山东省德州市重点中学高三上学期期中)We're considering students' request ________ the school cafeteria should provide more kinds of food.
A.how B.what
C.that D.whether
解析 考查同位语从句。句意:我们正在考虑学生的请求,学生的请求是学校的食堂应该提供更多种类的食物。本题中的that引导的是一个同位语从句,对前面的名词request的内容进行解释说明,后面的句子使用“should+动词原形”构成的虚拟语气,should可以省略。that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导作用。故选C项。
答案 C
18.(2014届江苏省苏州六校高三上学期12月联考)After ten hours' drive,we came to ________ is called a green house,through the glass wall of ________,we saw lots of green plants.
A.where;which B.that;that
C.what;which D.where;that
解析 考查宾语从句和定语从句。句意:在开车10个小时后,我们来到被称为绿色房子的地方,通过它的玻璃墙,我们看见很多绿色植物。第一空填what,引导宾语从句,宾语从句中缺少主语,第二空填which,through the glass wall of which引导的是定语从句,选C项。
答案 C
19.(2014届黑龙江省哈三中高三上学期第三次验收)It puzzles the scientists ________ some mammals produce their young ________ others lay eggs.
A.that;while B.what;while
C.that;as D.what;as
解析 考查主语从句和连词辨析。本句中的it是形式主语 ,真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句,that在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导作用。第二空的连词while然而,表示上下文轻微的转折关系。as不能表示上下文的转折关系。句意:让一些科学家困惑的是一些哺乳动物生出下一代,而另外一些却产卵。故选A项。
答案 A
20.(2014届湖南省澧县一中益阳市一中桃源县一中高三上学期三校联考)Tony eventually realized his childhood dream ________ he could play on one of the top teams.
A.which B.that
C.of which D.where
解析 考查同位语从句。句意:托尼最后实现了他的童年的梦想,他可以在顶级的球队里面打球。dream后面是同位语从句,说明dream的内容,同位语从句中that不做成分,只是起着连接的作用。选B项。
答案 B
根据上下文和括号里的提示,用名词性从句完成句子
Dear,teachers and classmates,
Good morning! What I want to talk about today is 1.________________________(为了健康快乐地成长我们能做什么)
Firstly,it's well known 2.________________________________(态度决定一切).If we have a positive attitude towards life,we can face whatever difficulty bravely that we will run into in life and try to overcome it.What's more,we should study hard to enrich our knowledge.The reason is 3.________________________(我们能适应变化,更好地生活) when we have power.Also,I think it's a good idea 4.________________________(我们应该结交一些好朋友),who can share happiness and sorrow with us.Last but not least,we are supposed to do exercise regularly.It can help us to keep fit.
To sum up,I believe 5.________________________________(只要我们能把上面的事情做好),we will grow up happily and healthily.Don't you think so
That's all.Thank you.
答案 1.what we can do to grow up happily and healthily
2.that attitude decides everything
3.that we can adapt to changes and enjoy life better
4.that we should make some good friends
5.that so long as we do all the things above well