中考英语二轮语法专题复习-形容词 课件

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中考英语二轮语法专题复习
形容词
比较
等级
Four
Two
概念
One
用法
Three
辨析
ontent
C
One. 概念
形容词：修饰名词/代词
说明性质、特征、状态
She is sick.
She is sick.
Two. 用法
一、 作表语
系动词
be
seem, appear
感官系动词
终止系动词
表持续系动词
表变化系动词
主语
表语
+
+
形容词
系动词
Be动词(am, is, are, was, were, been)---表状态/性质
E.g. He is a teacher. （表身份、性质）
　　He is ill. （表状态）
表象类（seem, appear）
E.g. That girl seems very happy after watching the video.
感官系动词(feel, smell, sound, taste, look)
E.g. This kind of cloth feels very soft.
Look at Lily quickly. She looks sad at the news.
终止系动词(prove, turn out)---表示主语已终止动作
E.g. The rumor proved false.
　　The search proved difficult.
　　His plan turned out a success.
表持续系动词(keep, remain, stay)---继续/保持一种状况或态度
E.g. He always kept silent at meeting. 　
　 This matter remains a mystery.
表变化系动词
become 通常指人的变化 I was caught in the rain and I became ill.
get 强调变化过程，常表示温度、时间、岁数等变化 The sandwich has gone bad.
go 表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况 The sandwich has gone bad.
turn 表示变为完全不同的事物，强调颜色等变化 Her face turned red after her mother criticized her.
come 向好的方面变化 Her wish came true.
2. 表语形容词
大多数以a-开头的形容词：alone, awake, afraid, asleep, alive…
某些表示健康的形容词：fine, ill, poorly, well
某些描述感觉或心情的形容词：glad, pleased, sorry, upset, content
其他：certain/sure (确信的), ready, unable…
二、作定语
形容词+名词
E.g. He is a very clever boy.
不定代词+形容词
E.g. Something old,
Something new,
Something borrowed,
Something blue,
And a silver sixpence in her shoe.
名词+表语形容词
E.g. Who is the most beautiful rabbit alive
Adj.后置：表示长、宽、高、深、厚
E.g. The river is very long and it is 15 metres long
2. 只作定语的形容词
表相对关系的：
former 以前的，从前的 latter 后期的，后半的
inner 内部的，里面的 outer 外部的，外面的
upper 上部的，上游的 lower 下部的，下游的
elder 年岁较大的 eldest 最年长的
indoor 室内的，屋内的 outdoor 室外的，屋外的
inside 里面的，内侧的 outside 外面的，外侧的
upstairs 楼上的 downstairs 楼下的
用作副词，则可用作表语(或名词后作定语)
表示强调意义的：
表示度量的复合形容词：three-year-old, 120-page…
某些与时间有关的：daily, everyday, monthly, present, last, existing…
mere 仅仅的 very 极端的
outright 完全的 thorough 十足的
plain 完全的 complete 彻底的
pure 完全的 perfect 全然的
用作表语：plain“明白的、普通的”
perfect“完美的、完备的、准确的”
若用作表语或后置定语，则不用连字符
present“出席、在场”只用作表语
精题演练
1. —Could you please tell me ________ in today’s newspaper
—Sorry, _______.
A. something special; special nothing
B. special something; special nothing
C. anything special; something special
D. something special; nothing special
作表语和定语的形容词
表语 定语
ill 有病的 坏的
late 晚的，迟到的 已故的，新近的
present 出席的，参加的 目前的，现在的
certain 当然的 特定的
complete 完成的，完美的 完全的
ready 准备好的，愿意的 现成的
三、
It’s a virtue that the young give their seats to the old.
The rich become richer and richer while the poor become poorer and poorer.
表示一类人
谓语用复数
（一） 作主语/宾语：the + adj.
常考点
附：
the rich/wealthy the poor the blind the sick
the old the young the dumb the deaf
the dead the weak the strong the jobless
the wounded the injured the killed the employed
the learned the aged the missing the living
（二）作宾补
make … +adj. 使人/物…
keep … +adj. 使人/物保持…
（三）-ed/-ing结尾形容词
-ed结尾形容词 “感到…的” 修饰人
-ing结尾形容词 “令人…的” 修饰物/人
（四）复合形容词
a two-year-old boy
a three-hour film
It is+ 形容词 + (of/for sb) + to do句式 做某事是…的
It is+ 形容词 + to do
It is+ 形容词 + of sb + to do
It is+ 形容词 + for sb + to do
例: 学习英语很重要。
It is important to learn English.
形容词是描述不定式的行为者(sb)的性格、品质的，如kind, good, nice, clever, careless, polite, foolish等
形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者(sb)的品格进行评价，这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, possible等
句型1
（五）形容词句型
句型2
too+ adj. +to do 太…不能… (表否定意义)
E.g. He is too young to dress himself.
他太小了，不能自己穿衣服。
= He is not old enough to dress himself.
他不够大去自己穿衣服。
= He is so young that he can’t dress himself.
他太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
That girl is too short to get that book on the shelf.
句型3
adj.+ enough(for sb.) to do sth.
（对某人来说）足够…去做某事
E.g. Her hair is long enough for her to tie back.
He is old enough to go to school by himself.
enough+名词
so+ adj./adv.+ that +从句
so + adj. +a/an + 单名 +that +从句
=such+ a/an+ adj.+ 单名 +that +从句
句型4
E.g. He is so young that he can’t dress himself.
他太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。
E.g. He is such a young boy that he can’t dress himself.
他是一个年纪如此小的男孩，以至于不能自己穿衣服。
such+ adj.+ 复名 +that +从句
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
限定词：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词
E.g. the girl
my pen
this book
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等。
E.g. the pretty girl
my beautiful pen
this interesting book
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低
E.g. the pretty tall girl
my beautiful short pen
this interesting small book
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
“形状”round, square
“年龄”
“新老”
E.g. the pretty tall young girl
my beautiful short old pen
this interesting small square book
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
“颜色”
“国籍”国家或地区
“材料”：wooden, woolen, stone, silk
E.g. the pretty tall young Chinese girl
my beautiful short old blue pen
this interesting small square wooden book
四、语序
限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；
颜色国籍与材料，作用类别往后倒
“作用类别”medical, college, writing desk, police car…
E.g. this interesting small square wooden medical book
Three. 比较等级
原级
最高级（三者或以上）
比较等级
比较级（两者之间）
same
一、原级
E.g. A is as tall as B.
A is as young as B.
① A+V.+as +adj. +as B A和B一样…
18
18
E.g. A is as tall as B.
A is as young as B.
你没有我聪明。
但是我比你帅！
E.g. B is not as/so clever as A.
A is not as/so handsome as B.
② A+ V.+not as/so +adj.+ as B A比不上B…
E.g. B is not as/so clever as A.
A is not as/so handsome as B.
③ A+V.+倍数+as adj. as B A正好是B的…倍
呵呵…我才比你帅一百倍呢！
E.g. A is one hundred times as handsome as B.
O is ten times as handsome as A.
A君，我比你帅十倍。
E.g. A is one hundred times as handsome as B.
O is ten times as handsome as A.
精题演练
1. I think English is _____ math. ---Yes, I think so.
A. much important than B. so important as
C. as important as D. as more important as
2. Paul isn’t as ____ as Sandy. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
A. careless B. more careful
C. more careless D. careful
精题演练
Li Hua’s shoes are as _______ (cheap) as Zhang Hui’s.
We don’t have much homework now and our school bags are not as ______ (heavy) as they used to be.
Asia is as as Europe.
亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
4. This big stone is that one.
这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍
cheap
heavy
four
times
large
three
as
heavy
times
as
Sun
Earth
moon
二、比较级
The sun is the moon.
The earth is also the moon.
bigger
than
bigger
than
比较级（两者之间）
① 比较级+than “比…更…”
1. 句型
② 比较级+and +比较级 “越来越…”
more and more +原级
地球离太阳越来越近。
The earth comes to the sun.
closer
and
closer
地球离太阳越来越远。
The earth comes _____
_______ to the sun.
farther
and
farther
④ the+比较级+of the two 两者中更…
③ Which is +比较级, A or B A和B，哪个更…？
在这两个之中，太阳更大。
The sun is of the two.
Sun
Earth
the
bigger
那个更大点呢？
？
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth
⑤ A+V.+倍数+比较级+than B A比B大（长、宽、高…）多少倍
太阳是地球的130万倍。
The sun is 1.3 million times the earth.
bigger
than
数字+times
⑥ the+比较级+（主谓）， the+比较级+（主谓） “越…就越…”
你读得越多，犯的错误越少。
The you read, the mistakes you will make.
more
fewer
你越细心，犯的错误越少。
The you are, the fewer mistakes
you will make.
more
careful
精题演练
Nancy and Lucy are twins. In some way they look the same, but Nancy is _________ than Lucy
A. tall B. taller C. tallest
2. If everyone pours less polluted water into Dianchi Lake, it will be ____.
A. deeper and deeper B. cleaner and cleaner
C. dirtier and dirtier D. wider and wider
精题演练
According to the latest reports on TV and in the newspaper, food safety is becoming a ______ ______ ______ serious worldwide problem.
____________ we plant, ______________our city will be.
A. The more trees, the beautiful
B. The less trees, the more beautiful
C. The more trees, the more beautiful
D. The less trees, the beautiful
more
and
more
精题演练
People complain that the price of the apartment is getting and
. （越来越高）
2. —Junk food is bad for our health.
—Yes, the ______ (little) you eat, the healthier you will be.
3. Study hard! ______ _______ you study, ______ _______results you’ll
get.
努力学习！你学习越努力，你就会得到更好的结果。
harder
the
higher
higher
The
better
less
2. 比较级修饰语
E.g. 太阳比地球要大得多。
The sun is bigger than the earth.
稍微、一点 a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly
…得多 much, far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather
（注意：quite better, less）
更… even, still
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
精题演练
1. The actress is already 50, but she looks ______ than she really is.
A. young B. more young
C. more younger D. much younger
2. Taking buses in Beijing is ______ than taking a taxi.
A. more cheap B. much cheaper
C. a little cheap D. less cheaper
3.使用原则
Sun
Earth
1）要注意对应句型。
E.g. It is easier to make a plan than carrying it out.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
E.g. China is larger than any countries in Asia.
　 China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意前后比较的内容一致。
E.g. The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
　 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
三、最高级
① which is the+最高级, A, B, or C
E.g. 在世界上，尼罗河是最长的河流。
The Nile is river in the world.
② the+最高级+of/in+范围
E.g. 哪一条河流最长，长江、黄河还是尼罗河？
Which is river, the Yangtze River, the Yellow
River or the Nile
the
longest
the
longest
表示“范围”Of, In
of 在…之中
句子主语与of后面的名词是同类
in 在…之中
后面加地点名词
E.g. He is the tallest one of us.
E.g. He is the tallest one in our class.
补充
③ one of + the +最高级+名词（复数） 最…的之一
④与序数词连用，表示第几（长、宽、高等）
E.g. 黄河世界上最长的河流之一。
The Yellow River is rivers in the
world.
one
of
the
longest
E.g. 黄河世界上第五长的河流。
The Yellow River is river in the world.
the
fifth
longest
⑤比较级表示最高级：
any other+单名= the other+复名=the rest of+复名
E.g. 在世界上，尼罗河是最长的河流。
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
=尼罗河比世界上其他任何（一条）河流都要长。
=尼罗河比世界上剩余的所有河流都要长。
The Nile is than in the world.
The Nile is than in the world.
The Nile is than in the world
longer
longer
longer
any
river
other
the
rivers
other
the
of
rest
the
rivers
not，never等否定词与比较级连用表示最高级
---How about the dishes
---Fantastic! Nothing tastes __________ .
A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse
E.g. ---Are you satisfied with the result of the exam
---Not at all. I can’t have a worse one.
形容词最高级省略the
1.单独做表语，系动词+最高级
E.g. I think David's plan is best
2.物主代词/名词所有格+最高级
E.g. That’s his busiest day
单音节/ 部分双音节词 1.直接+er/est 2.不发音的e+r/st
3.以重读闭音节结尾，双写最后辅音字母，+er/est (big, hot, fat, thin, sad, red)
4.以辅音字母+y结尾，y→i，+er/est
大部分双音节/ 多音节词 more+adj.
the most+adj.
规则变化
特殊：
good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst
many/much-more-most little-less-least
old-elder/older-eldest/oldest far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
四、变化规则
(easy, healthy, angry, ugly, heavy, happy, early，funny, tidy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, …)
Four. 辨析
lonely & alone
lonely
alone
E.g. He is alone.
Lonely is a feeling when you are alone.
孤独的、寂寞的【心理感觉】 定语/表语
独自的、单独地【客观处境】 表语/状语
②以-ed/-ing结尾的形容词
-ed形容词 感到…的 人 表语
-ing形容词 令人…的 人、物 表语/定语
E.g. Children are usually interested in this interesting book.
amazed amazing Excited exciting
annoyed annoying Embarrassed embarrassing
bored boring frightened frightening
confused confusing moved moving
③ sick & ill
She is sick.
She is ill.
sick 生病的
ill
表语
表语
She is a sick person .
& 定语
④ too much & much too
E.g. I am full because I have had too much rice.
That coat is much too dear.
太多的
修饰事物数量
much
too much
太、非常
许多的
much
much too
太、非常
too
太过、过分
修饰形容词或副词。
Adj.
Adv.
许多的
非常
too Adv. 太、非常
非常
⑤ whole & all
the whole + 名词
all (of) the + 名词
E.g. He was busy the whole morning.
tall, short：人的个子
指其他事物时一般用high与low（气温、价格）
E.g. He can remember all the words he learns.
⑥ tall, short & high, low
e.g. He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮)
Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑦
real与true：
real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；
true则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。
e.g. This is a real diamond and it’s very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵)
--Is that true
—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真实吗？ 是的,我亲耳所听)
good与well
good 形容词，作定语或表语；
fine adj. 好的（天气；身体）
well 副词（作状语）：好地；形容词：(身体)好的
e.g. Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益)
Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上)
--How are you —I am very well.(你好吗？我很好。)
⑧