本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
1．(2014·唐山模拟)Sorry，I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'m late.I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.21世纪教育网版权所有
A．might B．should
C．can D．will
解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意：对不起，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )迟到了。我可能是把闹钟关了，又睡了。might“可能”，有猜测的意思；should应该；can能够；will将要。 21*cnjy*com
答案 A
2．(2014届云南省部分名校高三第一次联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)—Would you mind if I set out earlier tomorrow morning
—Well，I'd rather you ________.
A．don't B．didn't
C．won't D．wouldn't
解析 考查虚拟语气的用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：——如果明天早上早点动身你介意吗？——嗯，我宁愿你不。would rather后面的句子用动词的过去式表达虚拟语气。故选B项。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
答案 B
3．(2014届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中)—How did you do in the test
—Not so well.I ________ much better but I misread the directions for Part D.
A．could have done B．could do
C．must have done D．should do
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——你考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )试做得怎么样？——不太好。我本能够做得更好的，但我读错了D部分的说明。对过去时态的推测，用情态动词＋ have done，A本能够做；C过去一定做。故选A项。
答案 A
4．(2014届福建省厦门一中高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上学期期中)—Did you hear about Zhang Lili who saved the kids from being run over by a school bus 21教育网
—Yes.What do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) most people ________ if they were in a similar situation 21·世纪*教育网
A．will do B．will have done
C．would do D．would have done
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )——你听说张丽丽从一辆正在行驶的校车下救了孩子？——是的，如果在类似的情况，你认为大多数人都会怎么做？结合句意可知这是与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，故主句谓语动词用would＋动词原形。故选C项。2-1-c-n-j-y
答案 C
5．(2014届辽宁省沈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阳二中高三上学期期中考试)—We are worried about Tom.Why hasn't he come back
—Don't worry.He ________ in a traffic jam.
A．might be caught B．may have been caught
C．can have been caught D．should have been caught
解析 考查情态动词＋完成式的用法。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：——我们很担心汤姆。为什么他还没有来？——别担心，他有可能遇到交通堵塞了。may have done过去可能做了……，因为是be caught in“遇上了”，can 表示推测时，一般用于否定和疑问句中，should have done过去本应该做却没有做，选B项。
答案 B
6．(2014届黑龙江省双鸭山一中高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上学期期中)—Will you join us in the party this Saturday evening 21·cn·jy·com
—If I ________，I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would；but I will have left for Japan on business by then.
A．am free B．were to be free
C．will be free D．would be free
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：——你将要参加 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )周六晚上的派对吗？——如果我有空，我会的。但在那之前我将要前往日本经商了。由but I will have left for Japan on business by then.可知是和将来相反的虚拟语气条件句，用一般过去式或were to do，选B项。【出处：21教育名师】
答案 B
7．(2014届云南省部分名校高三第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一次联考)I felt surprised that anyone of his intelligence ________ such an easy test.
A．might have failed B．could have failed
C．should have failed D．must have failed
解析 考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我感到惊讶是象他这样智力的人居然连如此简单的测试都没有通过。might have failed可能没通过；could have failed有可能没通过；must have failed一定没通过；should在这里表示惊讶的态度。故选C项。
答案 C
8．(2014届浙江省浙北名校 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )联盟高三上学期期中联考)It is recommended that you ________ your accommodation in advance in tourist season，as you may find all the best hotels are not accessible.
A．book B．must book
C．will book D．shall book
解析 考查虚拟语气的用法。句意：推荐您 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在旅游季节提前预定住宿，因为您可能会发现所有最好的酒店都无法进住的。recommend、suggest等表建议、要求、命令等的词的从句要用should加动词原形表虚拟语气，should可省略。故选A项。
答案 A
9．(2014届江苏省苏州六校高三上学期1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2月联考)—Mother，I climbed up to that tall tree and picked this big apple.
—Jesus! You________ down and hurt yourself.
A．might have fallen B．might fall
C．must have fallen D．must fall
解析 考查情态动词。句意：— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—妈妈，我爬上那棵高高的树摘了苹果。——Jesus，你可能会掉下伤了自己。因为是对过去的推测，排除B、D，might have done是对过去的不确定的推测“可能会做”，must have done过去一定做了，不符合句意。选A。
答案 A
10．(2014届山西省运城市高三上学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期质量检测)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ yesterday.
A．was happening B．happens
C．has happened D．happened
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：Eliza确 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )切地记得一切，好像是昨天发生的。as if后面的从句用相应的过去时表示虚拟语气，排除B、C，A是正在发生，不符合句意，选D项。
答案 D
11．(2014届北京市第四十四中学高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一学期期中测试)—I phoned you yesterday morning.A girl answered，but I didn't recognize the voice.
—Oh，it ________ my younger sister.She was in my room at that moment.
A．must have been B．should have been
C．could have been D．may have been
解析 考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：——我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )昨天早上打电话给你。一个女孩接的，但我没听出是谁的声音。——哦，一定是我的小妹妹。她那会正在我的房间。A一定是，肯定推测；B本应该；C可能是；D也许是。结合语境，选A项。2·1·c·n·j·y
答案 A
12．(2014届浙江省五校高三第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )次联考)—But for your timely warning，we ________ into great trouble.
—Well，you know we're friends.
A．would get B．must have got
C．would have got D．can't have got
解析 考查虚拟语气。本题是一个含蓄条件 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的虚拟语气，它表示的条件不是通过if条件句表示出来，而是通过介词短语but for要不是，如果没有……；句意：要不是你及时提醒，我就会陷入大麻烦了。——嗯！你知道我们是好朋友的。根据句意可知这件事情发生在过去，故主句使用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。A、B、D三项都不能用于对过去情况的虚拟。故选C项。
答案 C
13．(2014届辽宁省抚顺二中高三上学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期期中考试)—I didn't care about what other people thought about me.
—Well，you ________.
A．should B．could
C．would have D．ought to have
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——我不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在意别人是怎样评价我的。——哦，你应该在意呀。根据句意排除B could 能够和C would have本打算，排除A是因为情态动词加do 表现在，D.ought to have 本应该……而没有，本句根据上句确定下句是指过去，故选D项。
答案 D
14．(2014届河南郑州第四中学高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三上学期第一次调考)If he________ to the teacher attentively in the past year，he ________ the answer to the question now.
A．had listened；would know
B．listened；knew
C．listens；knew
D．has listened；knows
解析 考查混合型虚拟语气。句意：如果在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去的一年里他认真听老师讲课了，那么他现在就能够知道这个问题的答案了。从in the past year 判断前面条件状语从句是对过去进行假设，应该用过去完成时；而后面主句中的now则提示应该是对现在的虚拟，应该用would ＋动词原形，所以整个句子是混合型的虚拟语气，故选A项。
答案 A
15．(2014届重庆市三峡 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名校联盟高三12月联考)Don't worry about your future.As long as you try your best，a great future ________ wait for you on your way.
A．would B．can
C．must D．should
解析 考查情态动词。“sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould”表示“理应如此”。句意：不要为你的未来担忧。只要你尽力了，美好的前途应该就在你的征途中等着你的。would过去常常，过去将来；can能够；must必须，根据题意可知选D项。
答案 D
16．(2014届北京市朝阳区高三上学期期 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中考试)If we ________ the day before yesterday，we would have done the job.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A．hadn't been interrupted B．weren't being interrupted
C．wouldn't be interrupted D．weren't interruptedwww.21-cn-jy.com
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们前天没有被 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打扰，我们就可能完成工作了。主句用的是we would have done the job.说明是和过去相反的虚拟语气，主句应该是过去完成时，选A项。21cnjy.com
答案 A
17．(2014届山东省德州市重点中学高三上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学期期中考试)—Fined ￥100! You know you were driving 100 Km an hour，don't you 【版权所有：21教育】
—No，officer.I ________.This car doesn't do 80.
A．shouldn't have been B．mustn't have been
C．can't have been D．mightn't have been
解析 考查情态动词的用法。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：——罚款100元！你知道刚才你的车速是100公里每小时吗？——不。警官，我不可能那样的。这辆汽车开不到80码的。shouldn't have done本不应该做某事，实际上却做了；can't have done不可能做了某事；mightn't have done也许没有做某事。不存在mustn't have done的结构。根据句意可知选C项。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
答案 C
18．(2014届江苏南通中学高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三英语开学摸底考试)We were stuck at the airport because of the heavy fog，otherwise we ________ here in time for the conference.
A．arrived B．had arrived
C．would arrive D．would have arrived
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：因为大雾我们被滞 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )留在机场了。否则我们就能及时赶上开会了。这里的otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句，if we hadn't been stuck at the airport，是和过去相反的虚拟条件句，主句应该是would have done。选D项。21教育名师原创作品
答案 D
19．(2014届四川省成都石室中学高三上学期期中考试)—Can I pay the bill by check 21*cnjy*com
—Sorry，sir.Accordin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to the rules of our hotel，the payment ________ be made in cash.
A．shall B．need
C．will D．can
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——我能 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用支票付款吗？——先生，对不起。我们酒店规定用现金付账。shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、威胁、允许、命令和规定等。need需要；will愿意；can能够，故选A项。
答案 A
20．(2014届河南中原名校联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )盟高三上学期第一次摸底考试)If we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river ________ so seriously now.
A．is not polluted
B．would not be polluted
C．had not been polluted
D．would not have been polluted
解析 考查错综时间条件句。本句从句与过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去的事实相反，而主句与现在的事实相反，这里now是解题关键。句意：如果我们早些采取如此有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被严重地污染了。根据句意可知选B项。
答案 B
根据上下文和括号中的提示，用正确的虚拟语气完成句子
I'm very grateful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for your help doing my study in America.Without your help,1.________(我的英语不会提高的那么快)．If you were to visit China this summer,2.________(我将到机场接您)．By the way，do you know how is everything going with Mr.Smith I failed to get in touch with him after I left America.I would be very thankful 3.________(要是你能给我提供他的电子邮箱和电话号码)．How I wish 4.________(我能尽快与他取得联系)!
答案 1.my English couldn't have improved so quickly
2．I would pick you up at the airport
3．if you could offer me his email address or telephone number
4．I could contact with him as soon as possible
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【考向聚焦】
情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。而虚拟语气的试题偏少，有些省份已将虚拟语气列为不考的项目。
1．(2014·安徽，30)People are recycling many things which they ________ away in the past.
A．had thrown B．will be throwing
C．were throwing D．would have thrown
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：人们正在重复利用许多在过去他们本来会扔掉的东西。would have done“本来会……”，故选D。
答案 D
2．(2014·北京，27)________ I have a word with you？It won't take long.
A．Can B．Must
C．Shall D．Should
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花太长时间的。这是考查can的基本用法，表示“能够”。
答案 A
3．(2014·北京，34)We ________ back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
A．are B．were
C．will be D．would be
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没有遗失地图，我们现在已经回到宾馆了。由句意可知这是考查if条件句中对现在事实的虚拟，从句用did，主句用would do，所以选择D。
答案 D
4．(2014·大纲，30)Although you ________ find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
A．should B．need
C．must D．can
解析 考查情态动词。句意：尽管你可能会在伦敦发现一些便宜货，但是它真的不是一个便宜的购物之处。can表示“一时的可能性”，故选D。
答案 D
5．(2014·福建，32)________no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A．Were there B．Had there been
C．If there are D．If there have been
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有现代远程交际方式，为了获取世界上的新闻，我们不得不等数个星期。对现在情况的虚拟，条件句中用一般过去时，主句用“would/should/might/could＋动词原形。”虚拟条件句中有had，should，were时，可以将if去掉，然后把had，should，were提到主语前面。所以选A。
答案 A
6．(2014·湖南，22)If Mr.Dewey ________ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A．were B．had been
C．should be D．was
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：假如Dewey先生在场的话，他就会向那儿的人们提供任何可能的帮助。根据主句中would have offered...可知主句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had＋过去分词，选B。
答案 B
7．(2014·湖南，25)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shan't D．needn't
解析 考查情态动词。句意：——我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。——你是不是说我们不必要带任何东西了？根据句意可知表示没有必要性。A.can't不可能；B.mustn't绝对不行；C.shan't不应该。
答案 D
8．(2014·江苏，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.
A．might B．would
C．should D．could
解析 考查情态动词。句意：他们尽管自身也很穷，竟然还给我带来了食物，这让我心里很难过。此处should表达一种出乎意料的惊讶，译为“竟然”，与前文“so poor themselves”呼应，表达说话者的情感。
答案 C
9．(2014·江西，30)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest ________ become the richest.
A．shall B．must
C．need D．might
解析 考查情态动词。句意：生活真是变幻莫测，最贫穷的人甚至也会暴富。might表示“可能性”，其余三项均无此用法。
答案 D
10．(2014·陕西，23)We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.
A．would stay B．has stayed
C．stayed D．stay
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿女儿能和我们一起呆在家里，但这是她的选择，她已经不再是孩子了。would rather引导的从句中，若从句动作和现在事实或将来事实相反，均用过去式，所以C正确。
答案 C
11．(2014·陕西，25)My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who ______ have taken it
A．need B．must
C．should D．could
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我的书《哈地斯之屋》不见了，谁会拿走了它呢？could可能；会；A.need 需要；B.must必须；偏要；C.should应该；竟然。
答案 D
12．(2014·四川，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A．might B．must
C．would D．should
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我依然记得自己幸福的童年时代，那时妈妈经常周末带我去迪士尼。would常常，总是(用于谈论过去经常或总是发生的事)。
答案 C
13．(2014·天津，15)________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.
A．Did he catch B．Should he catch
C．Has he caught D．Had he caught
解析 考查虚拟语气中的倒装。句意：要是他赶上了早晨的火车，他就不会开会迟到了。根据主句中would not have been late...判断出是对过去事实的虚拟假设，故从句用had he caught，选D。
答案 D
14．(2014·浙江，16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they ________ to our help.
A．would have come B．could come
C．have come D．had come
解析 考查虚拟语气。句意：展开调查的几个月间，他们在国外，否则，他们就能来帮我们一把了。此处or引导的从句是含蓄虚拟句，表示对过去事实的虚拟，用would have done。
答案 A
15．(2014·重庆，3)I've ordered some pizza，so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A．can't B．dare not
C．needn't D．may not
解析 考查情态动词。句意：我已经定制了比萨，因此当我们疲惫地回到家时就不必为做饭发愁了。needn't(不必)与语境吻合。
答案 C
16．(2014·重庆，13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I________ it
A．had done B．have done
C．did D．am doing
解析 考查虚拟语气。由“It was John who broke the window.”可知窗户根本不是“我”打破的。“与过去事实相反的假设”要用过去完成时。
答案 A
17．(2013·安徽，34)It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A．may B．couldn't
C．should D．needn't
解析 考查情态动词。句意：根本不可能是词汇造成了你练习中的问题，因为你掌握了许多单词。根据句意可知本题考查的是对现在的否定推测，故选B。may“可能”；should“应该”；needn't“不需要”。
答案 B
18．(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，6)Since nobody gave him any help，he ________ have done the research on his own.
A．can B．must
C．would D．need
解析 考查情态动词表示推测。句意：因为没有人帮助他，他一定独自完成了这项研究。can表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句，用于肯定句时，表示理论上对客观情况的推测；must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句，推测的可能性很大，译为“一定”；would常用于虚拟，不用于推测；need表示推测时，常用于否定句。由此可知选B。
答案 B
19．(2013·浙江，3)I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A．shouldn't have enjoyed B．needn't have enjoyed
C．wouldn't have enjoyed D．couldn't have enjoyed
解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意：我玩得再开心不过了——这是完美的一天。D项表示不可能做过……，这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的意思，故选D。A项表示本不该做却做了……；B项表示本不必做却做了……；C项将不会做……，用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
答案 D
20．(2013·四川，5)—Why are your eyes so red You ________ have slept well last night.
—Yeah，I stayed up late writing a report.
A．can't B．mustn't
C．needn't D．won't
解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你的眼为什么那么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。——是的，我熬夜写一篇报道了。A项can't have done表示对过去的否定推测；B项表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用于对过去的推测；C项needn't have done表示过去不需要做某事(但却做了)；D项不能用于对过去的推测。
答案 A
考点 情态动词的基本用法
1．can 和could的用法
(1)表示“能力，能够”。
—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh，you are really his big fan.
——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。
——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
(2)表示“许可”，此时can可以和may换用。
You can (may) go home now.
你现在可以回家了。
(3)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？
(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。
I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我怎样感谢你都不过分。
2．may和might的用法
(1)may和might表示“请求许可”。
—May I take the book out
—I'm afraid not.
——我能将书带出去吗？
——恐怕不行。
(2)“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好；不妨”。
If you think the price of beef is too high，you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.
如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。
3．must的用法
(1)表示必要性，意为“必须”。
—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
—I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.
——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？
——恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。
(2)表示禁止(用于否定句)。
The new law states that people mustn't drive after drinking alcohol.
新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。
(3)表示“偏偏，偏要”。
If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.
如果你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。
4．need的用法
(1)need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
He needn't worry about us now.
他现在不必为我们担心。
(2)need也可作实义动词，用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语。
You need to practise reading aloud every day.
你有必要每天都大声朗读。
5．shall和should的用法
(1)shall的用法
①用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir
—I haven't decided on the time.But I will call you.
——先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？
——我还没有定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。
②用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
—Will you read me a story，Mummy
—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？
——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。
③用于第三人称作主语的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。
The National Party congress shall be held every five years.
党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。
(2)should的用法
①表示义务、职责等，意为“应该”。
The children should be taken good care of.
这些孩子应该受到好的照顾。
②表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。
How should I know where you've left your bag
我怎么知道你把包丢在哪里了？
6．will和would的用法
(1)表示意志、意愿和决心，would用于过去的情况。
—Goodbye，John.Come back again sometime.
—Sure.I will.
——再见，约翰。欢迎再来。
——好的，我会的。
—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night
—I wanted to，but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.
——你昨晚为什么没有参加Simon的聚会？
——我想去，但是妈妈不愿意让我自己在这么晚的时间出去。
(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。
(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
When we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together.
当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。
考点 情态动词表示“推测”
1．(1)can表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句，语气很强烈。
Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting
布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？
(2)can用于肯定句中，常表示客观的可能性。
It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。
2．may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。
The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place
这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？
Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they may just be quiet people.
言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。
3．must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句或否定句中要用can)。
—It's the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here.
—Oh，sorry.
——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
——噢，对不起。
4．should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。
There shouldn't be any difficulty passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。
考点 “情态动词＋have done”的用法
1．can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能做过”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can't have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。
—Happy birthday!
—Thank you! It's the best present I could have wished for.
——生日快乐！
——谢谢！这是我原来希望能够得到的最好的礼物。
Sorry，Cathy，I didn't know that you were badly short of money then.But you could have asked me for help.
对不起，Cathy，我不知道你当时急需用钱，但是你本可以向我求助。
2．may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
Sorry，I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
3．must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。
—Ye Shiwen was lucky to win two gold medals in London Olympic Games.
—She must have gone through tough training.
——真幸运，叶诗文在伦敦奥运会上获得两枚金牌。
——她肯定受过严格的训练。
4．should/ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn't/ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。
5．needn't have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
Mark needn't have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。
考点 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1．非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 动词过去式
(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
表示过去情况 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋
have＋过去分词
表示未来情况 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形
动词过去式
were to＋动词原形
(1)与现在事实相反
We would go with you if we had time.
如果我们有时间，就和你一起去。
(2)与过去事实相反
We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
如果昨天Harold没送我们回家，我们会打出租车回家的。
(3)与将来事实相反
If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.
要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。
2．错综时间条件句
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
I actually believe that we would be in Xi'an now if you hadn't been caught drunk driving last month.
事实上，我认为如果上个月你没因酒驾被逮住的话，我们现在就在西安呢。
[名师指津] 如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，将were/had/should提至主语之前，形成倒装句；否定形式的not不可提到主语前。
Had you taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。
Should it rain tomorrow，we would have to cancel the football match.
如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消足球赛。
3．含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示，而是由otherwise，but，or，without，but for等来引导或者通过上下文引出。
I would have come sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
我本该早一些到，但我不知道他们在等我。
I couldn't have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.
假如当时没有您慷慨相助，我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。
考点 虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
1．表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和对应的表语从句、同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋) 动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend 劝告，建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。
Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
老师们建议父母，为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。
2．wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。
对现在情况的假设： wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)
对过去情况的假设： wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词
对将来情况的假设： wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形
I wish that I hadn't agreed to go to Jim's party，for I have to do some extra work tonight.
我要是当时没有答应参加吉姆的聚会就好了，因为今晚我必须做一些额外的工作。
3．would rather后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。
George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he focused more on its culture.
乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况，但是我宁愿他更多地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。
4．在“It is (about/high) time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should/ought to＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
It's high time that we devoted ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
是我们致力于环境保护和生态改善的时候了。
5．as if，as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
He stood up and offered her his seat，as if he had read her mind.
他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。
[名师指津] 如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
It looks as if it's going to rain.
天看上去似乎要下雨。
6．if only引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。
Look at the trouble we're in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice!
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。
