(共46张PPT)
【考向聚焦】
动词与动词短语
动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类,它是构成句子的核心,是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中,动词占总词汇量的1/3以上,起着举足轻重的作用。
动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大,着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用,以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面:①动词的词义;②动词搭配;③及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法;④熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如:break,bring,call,come,cut,give,go,get,hold,look,make,put,set,take,turn等)。
1.(2014·安徽,26)Terry,please ________ your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you.
A.look up from B.look into
C.look back on D.look through
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:Terry,奶奶和你说话时,请你抬起头来,不要玩手机。look up from (从……)抬起头来;look into 调查;look back on 回顾,回忆;look through 浏览;温习;根据句意选A。
答案 A
2.(2014·安徽,28)When the sports hero ________ at our party,he was welcomed with open arms.
A.turned up B.left off
C.moved on D.got away
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:当这位体育英雄出现在晚会上时,他受到了热情地(with open arms)欢迎。turn up 出现;leave off 停止;move on 往前走;出发;get away 离开;逃脱;出发。根据句意应选A。
答案 A
3.(2014·安徽,34)Shakespeare's writing is still popular today.It has really ________ the test of time.
A.failed B.stood
C.taken D.conducted
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:莎士比亚的作品在今天依然受欢迎,它经受住了时间的考验。fail 失败;stand 忍受;take花费(时间,金钱等);conduct 行为,品行。根据句意应选B。
答案 B
4.(2014·大纲,31)Caroline doesn't have a gift for music,but she ________ it with hard work.
A.goes back on B.takes away from
C.makes up for D.catches up with
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:凯瑟琳没有音乐天赋,但是她利用勤奋工作来弥补这个缺憾。make up for弥补;go back on 违背,背弃;take away from 从……拿走;减损;贬低;catch up with追上,赶上。根据句意选C。
答案 C
5.(2014·福建,25)It is widely acknowledged that students should be ________ in terms of overall quality.
A.supported B.matched
C.evaluated D.controlled
解析 考查动词词义辨析。A.“支持”;B.“匹配”;D.“控制”。句意:普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。evaluated评估,故选C项。
答案 C
6.(2014·福建,33)As a grassroots singer,she reads everything she can ________ concerning music,and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
A.catch sight of B.get hold of
C.take charge of D.make mention of
解析 考查动词短语。句意:作为一名草根歌手,她阅读她能够找到的关于音乐的一切材料,并且抓住每一个提高自己的机会。get hold of是固定用法,“抓住”,故选B项。A.“看到”;C.“负责”;D.“提到”。
答案 B
7.(2014·湖北,23)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him,he started to run down the hill,but ________ and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
A.slipped B.skied
C.signalled D.sank
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:看到一大群人朝他涌来,他开始往山下跑,但他滑倒了并且手膝着地跪在正融化的积雪上。A.slipped 滑倒;B.skied 投向空中;C.signalled 发信号;D.sank 下沉。
答案 A
8.(2014·湖北,24)The old rules have to be ________ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.
A.developed B.established
C.observed D.revised
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:旧的规则不得不修改,因为它们只适用于一百年前当时制定它们的环境。 A.developed 发展;B.established 建立;C.observed 观察;遵守;D.revised 修改,改进。
答案 D
9.(2014·湖北,25)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I can't seem to ________.
A.get through B.get off
C.get in D.get along
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我给查尔斯打了一晚上电话,但网络一定出了问题,我似乎不能接通电话。A.get through通过;完成;接通电话;B.get off下车;动身;脱下;C.get in进入,陷入;D.get along进展。
答案 A
10.(2014·湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary?I ______ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
A.came across B.dealt with
C.looked after D.went for
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:玛丽,这是你的项链吗?我在打扫厕所时无意发现了它。A.came across偶然发现;B.dealt with处理;C.looked after照顾;D.went for 去找;努力争取。
答案 A
11.(2014·江苏,25)Top graduates from universities are ________ by major companies.
A.chased B.registered
C.offered D.compensated
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一些大公司都希望得到顶尖的大学毕业生。A.“追逐,试图得到”;B.“辞职,放弃”;C.“主动提出”;D.“补偿;赔偿;抵消”,根据上下文句意可知选A。
答案 A
12.(2014·江苏,30) —Dad,I don't think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.
—I see.I'll go right away and ________.
A.pay him back B.pay him off
C.put him away D.put him off
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:——爸爸,我认为Oliver不是适合干这种工作的人。——我明白了。我这就回去让他结账走人(即辞退他)。A.“报答,回报”;B.“偿清,付清”;C.“把……收起来,放好”;D.put off“推迟”,宾语通常不是人;根据语境此处应指因为Oliver不适合干这种工作,所以给他结清账让他另觅高就,故选B。
答案 B
13.(2014·江苏,33)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.
A.remember B.remind
C.recover D.recall
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:传说中端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。A.“记起”;B.提醒,使记起;C.恢复;痊愈;D.召回,回想起,记起。根据语境可知端午节划龙舟的风俗是由屈原投江后人们想召回其灵魂的行为演化而来的,故选D。
答案 D
14.(2014·江西,27)Anyway,we're here now,so let's ________ some serious work.
A.come up with B.get down to
C.do away with D.live up to
解析 考查短语动词辨析。come up with提出;get down to着手做,开始努力做;do away with摆脱,废除;live up to和……一样好。根据句意,唯有B项符合语境。
答案 B
15.(2014·江西,29)I don't believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to ________ me.
A.convince B.inform
C.guarantee D.refuse
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:我不相信你的话,不过你若能拿出证据,或许能够说服我。convince使信服;inform通知;guarantee保证;refuse拒绝。
答案 A
16.(2014·陕西,18)Ralph W.Emerson would always ________ new ideas that occurred to him.
A.set off B.set about
C.set up D.set down
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:Ralph W.Emerson总是会记下突如其来的新想法。A.set off动身;引爆;B.set about开始着手做;C.set up建立;D.set down写下,记下。
答案 D
17.(2014·天津,9)My parents always ________ great importance to my getting a good education.
A.have B.attach
C.accept D.pay
解析 考查固定搭配。句意:我的父母总是特别强调我要接受良好的教育。attach great importance to是固定短语,“认为……重要;强调其重要性”之意,故选B。
答案 B
18.(2014·天津,13)The two countries are going to meet to ________ some barriers to trade between them.
A.make up B.use up
C.turn down D.break down
解析 考查短语辨析。句意:这两个国家将进行会谈以打破两者之间贸易的障碍。A.编造,弥补,和好,画妆;B.用光,用完;C.拧小;拒绝;D.(机器等)坏掉;打破;分解。根据上下文,其宾语是barriers,故是打破障碍之意,故选D。
答案 D
19.(2014·浙江,7)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head,but I tried to ________ the pain,believing that it would go away sooner or later.
A.share B.realize
C.ignore D.cause
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:上周,一个网球击中了我的头部,但我试图不去理会(头上的)疼痛,相信很快头就不疼了。share分享;realize意识到;ignore忽视,不理会;cause引起,造成。
答案 C
20.(2014·浙江,9)No matter how carefully you plan your finances,no one can ________ when the unexpected will happen.
A.prove B.imply
C.demand D.predict
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:无论你怎样小心地计划你的开支,没有人能预测到会有什么预料不到的事情发生。prove证明;imply暗示;demand要求;predict预测。
答案 D
考点 词义辨析
易混动词
1.lie,lie,lay
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意思 用法
lie lay lain lying 躺,位于 不及物动词
lie lied lied lying 说谎 不及物动词
lay laid laid laying 放置,产卵 及物动词
2.rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。
原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意思 用法
arise arose arisen arising 出现,
发生,兴起 不及物
动词
rise rose risen rising 上升,起身 不及物
动词
raise raised raised raising 举起,提高,
唤起,饲养 及物动词
3. hang的用法
hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。
4.bear的过去分词born与borne
bear作出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born...短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如:She has borne five children.但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。
5.sit与seat
seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:They were seated at their desks.或用seat oneself,比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
6.win与beat
win作胜,赢讲时其后应接,a game,an argument,a battle,a prize,a contest,a race,a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有另外的含义。如:I have won him.即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败,胜过讲,直接接人、队。
7.steal与rob
steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。
8.fit与suit
fit与suit均可作适合讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的适合,而suit则多用于颜色、式样的适合。
9.cost,spend与take
英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如:She spent all her money on stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如:It takes me three hours to finish this work.
10.have on,wear,put on及dress
作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a blue suit.作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:I dress my children in the morning every day.
11.与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.),advice (n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.)。
12.动词 + 副词 + 介词:catch up with,look forward to,come up with,keep up with,go in for,look down on,get on with...
13.动词 + 介词to的短语有:come to,stick to,object to,agree to,turn to,attend to,belong to,devote to,reply to...
14.与in相结合的动词有:give in,hand in,bring in,drop in,succeed in,take in,check in,engage in,fill in,trade in...
考点 常用动词短语
1.bring构成的短语
bring about 引起,导致
bring back 使想起
bring down 降低
bring in 赚得;引入;请……做
bring_up 提出;养育;抚养;呕吐
2.break 构成的短语
break away(from) 逃脱;脱离
break down (机器等) 坏掉;(身体) 垮掉;(计划、和谈等) 失败
break in 破门而入;插嘴
break into 强行闯入;突然开始
break out (火灾、战争、疾病等) 突然开始;爆发
break up 解散;粉碎;绝交
3.call 构成的短语
call at 拜访(某地)
call on 拜访(某人)
call back 回电话
call up 打电话给;使回忆起
call for 去(接) ;需要,要求
call in 召来
call off 取消
4.cut 构成的短语
cut down 砍倒;削减
cut in 打断(谈话) ,插嘴
cut off 中断;断绝
cut up 切碎
5.come 构成的短语
come about 发生
come across 偶遇
come to 共计,达到;苏醒
come true 变为现实
come up 走上前;被提出
come up with 提出
come into being 形成
6.get 构成的短语
get about 四处走动;传开
get across 传达
get away 逃脱,设法离开
get down 下来;记下
get off 出发;下班
get together 聚会
get through 接通;通过
get down to 开始认真干
get over 克服
get along/on with 进展;相处
7.go 构成的短语
go away 离开
go back 返回(某地)
go by 逝去
go on 继续下去,上场,开始运行
go over 检查,反复研究
go out 熄灭
go up (价格等) 上涨
go down (温度等) 下降
go against 违背;对……不利
go ahead 开始,进展,进行
go after/for 追逐,追求
go without 勉强维持;凑合
go in for 爱好;参加;从事
go through 通过;经历
go by 过去,经过
8.give 构成的短语
give up 放弃
give in 屈服
give out 用尽;分发
give away 泄露;赠送;颁发
give off 发出
give back 归还;使恢复
9.make 构成的短语
make up for 补偿,弥补
make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑
make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义) ,讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足
10.put 构成的短语
put aside 把……放在一边
put away 把……收好
put down 扑灭,平息
put forward 提出
put off 延期,推迟
put out 扑灭;生产
put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿
put up with 忍受,容忍
11.turn 构成的短语
turn down 拒绝;调低
turn in 上交
turn out 结果是,证明是
turn over 移交,交给
turn up 出现;调高
turn off 关掉
turn on 打开
turn away 走开
turn to 求助于;翻到1.(2014届吉林省东北四校协作体高三联合考试)It's hard to tell real Jingdezhen vases,and it's a little more difficult for the untrained shopper to________.
A.dismiss B.distinguish
C.seek D.shelter
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:很难分辨真正的景德镇花瓶,对于未经训练的购物者来说区分它更困难。dismiss解散,解雇;distinguish区分,辨别;seek寻求,寻找;shelter庇护,保护。根据句意应选B项。
答案 B
2.(2014届河北衡水中学高三上期二调考试)That car accident ________all his life.After that he was limited to a wheelchair.
A.damaged B.destroyed
C.harmed D.ruined
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次交通事故毁了他的一生,在那之后,他就被限制在了轮椅上。damage损坏(程度较轻);destroy严重损坏(程度较重,多指事物的损坏);harm对……有害;ruin毁灭。此处应是交通事故毁了他的一生。故选D。
答案 D
3.(2014届湖北孝感高级中学高三调研考试)We would appreciate it if customers don't________to leave their suggestions and expectations for our product.
A.hesitate B.pretend
C.undertake D.offer
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:如果顾客可以毫不犹豫地把建议和对产品的期望留下,我们会感激的。hesitate犹豫,迟疑;pretend假装;undertake承担,承诺;offer提供,故选A项。
答案 A
4.(2014届江苏省无锡市洛社高级中学等三校高三12月联考)He is out of work,feeling as if he has ______nothing.
A.established B.accomplished
C.abolished D.guaranteed
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他失业了,觉得自己一无所成。established建立;accomplished创建;abolished废除,废止;取消等;完成;达到(目的);guaranteed保证;担保。故选B项。
答案 B
5.(2014届湖北省襄阳四中、龙泉中学、荆州中学高三10月联考)The 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was________jointly (共同地) to James E.Rothman,Randy W.Schekman and Thomas C.Südhof for their discoveries of a major transport system in our cells.
A.awarded B.rewarded
C.distributed D.contributed
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:2013年诺贝尔生理学和医药学被授予詹姆斯·E·罗斯曼,兰迪·谢克曼和托马斯·聚德霍夫以表彰他们对于细胞内物质运输机制的发现。awarded授予,奖给,判给,判归,判定;rewarded酬谢,奖赏,报答,惩罚;distributed分配;contributed贡献。故选A项。
答案 A
6.(2014届江西新余一中宜春中学高三年级联考)—Can we go camping tomorrow,as planned
—I'm afraid not.The dark clouds ________a heavy rain.
A.promise B.instruct
C.expect D.forecast
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:——明天我们可以像计划的那样去露营吗?——恐怕不能,乌云预示着要有一场大雨。promise答应,许诺,预示(主语是物);instruct指导,指示;expect期待,预料;forecast预测(主语是人),故选A项。
答案 A
7.(2014届浙江省五校高三第一次联考)After a day's hard work,Mary went to the nearby shop to ________herself to a strawberry ice cream.
A.satisfy B.treat
C.provide D.offer
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天的努力工作以后,Mary去了附件的商店请自己吃了一个草莓冰激凌。satisfy使……满意;treat治疗,对待;固定搭配treat sb to...请某人吃……provide提供;offer主动提供,根据句意可知B项符合语境。
答案 B
8.(2014届浙江温州十校联合体高三第一学期联考)If you ________a high fever and a bad headache,you are advised to consult a doctor.
A.perform B.develop
C.present D.gather
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你高烧并且头痛厉害,那么应该建议你去咨询医生。perform表演,表现;develop发展,养成,患病,开发(软件);冲洗(胶片);present提出,颁发,授予;gather收集,聚集。根据题意可知选B项。
答案 B
9.(2014届山东师大附中高三第三次模拟考试)—Are you still mad at her
—Not really ,but I can't________that her remarks hurt me.
A.deny B.refuse
C.reject D.decline
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:——你还和她生气吗?——不完全是,但是我不能否认她的话伤害了我。deny否认;refuse拒绝;reject拒绝;decline谢绝,故根据题意可知选A项。
答案 A
10.(2014届浙江象山普通高中高三第二次模拟)The Sanlu Milk Powder event is a clear indication that food safety is a big problem;nobody can ________all foods are secure to us,but we are sure that the situation is turning for the better.
A.acknowledge B.guarantee
C.identity D.clarify
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意:三鹿奶粉事件清楚地表明,食品安全是一个大问题;没有人能保证所有食品都是安全的,但可以肯定的是,情况已有所好转。acknowledge 承认;guarantee 保证;identity 身份、特性;clarify 澄清。根据句意最佳选B项。
答案 B
11.(2014届河南中原名校联盟高三上学期第一次摸底考试)Much as he ________he has a good command of English,he sometimes feels it hard to find an appropriate version for some Chinese idioms.
A.announces B.declares
C.claims D.confirms
解析 考查动词词义辨析。此处announces通知;declares宣布;claims 声明; confirms证实。句意:虽然他承认自己掌握了英语,但有时他感到找到汉语的合适的英语翻译很难。根据句意选D项。
答案 D
12.(2014届河南省南阳市高三五校联谊期中)Our bodies are ________by working out.Similarly,our minds are developed by learning.
A.burdened B.resembled
C.strengthened D.worsened
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:我们的身体通过锻炼加强,我们的大脑通过学习得到发展。burdened负担;resembled 相似;strengthened加强;worsened变坏,根据题意可知选C项。
答案 C
13.(2014届河南省开封高中等豫东豫北十所名校高中毕业班阶段性测试)As a famous public figure,you have a duty to________yourself responsibly,especially in public places.
A.carry B.conduct
C.guide D.operate
解析 考查动词辨析。carry携带,背,运送;conduct 指导,实施,指挥;guide带领,指引;operate操作,手术,经营,conduct oneself举止,做人。句意:作为著名的公众人物,你的举止要负责任,特别是在公众场合。故选B项。
答案 B
14.(2014届山东师大附中高三第三次模拟考试)Whoever is new in the community will soon________to the new environment,as everybody here is friendly and helpful.
A.apply B.appeal
C.attach D.adapt
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:无论是谁,新来到这个社区,都会很快适应这里新的环境,因为这里的每一个人都很友好和愿意帮助人。apply应用;appeal呼吁;attach附上;adapt适应,故选D项。
答案 D
15.(2014届江苏省六合高级中学高三第一次模拟考试)— That pair of shoes just doesn't________to me.
— But I like them.
A.adapt B.appeal
C.attend D.agree
解析 考查动词辨析。句意:那双鞋对我没有吸引力。四个词都可以和to连用,构成:appeal to呼吁;上诉;有吸引力;adapt to适应;适合;改编;attend to处理;照顾;护理;agree to同意;接受;允诺。故选B项。
答案 B
16.(2014届江苏省无锡市洛社高级中学等三校高三12月联考)Mr.Brown's condition looks very serious and it is doubtful if he will________.
A.pull back B.pull up
C.pull through D.pull out
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:布朗先生的状况看起来非常严重,他是否会恢复健康值得怀疑。pull back拉回,撤回;pull up停下,拔起;pull through使恢复健康;pull out出发,离开。故选C项。
答案 C
17.(2014届浙江温州十校联合体高三第一学期联考)Lucy found one of her friends had been ________after she finished the invitations to her wedding party.
A.taken out B.put out
C.picked out D.left out
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:露西在发完婚礼请柬后发现她的一位朋友被漏掉了。taken out拿出;put out 扑灭;出版;picked out挑选,辨认出;left out落下;不提及,不包括。从句意可知选D项。
答案 D
18.(2014届浙江温州十校联合体高三第一学期联考)Not having promoted the new digital camera successfully,the company should ________its original marketing methods.
A.account for B.reflect on
C.work out D.call up
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:没能成功地对新数码相机进行宣传推销,公司应该仔细思考一下最初的市场策略了。account for解释……的原因,占比例;reflect on考虑;仔细思考;work out制定;解出,计算出;call up打电话。根据题意可知选B项。
答案 B
19.(2014届浙江省五校高三第一次联考)Hard work and lack of sleep have________her beauty and youth in recent years.
A.worn out B.tried out
C.made out D.sent out
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:最近10年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。本句中的wear out表示“耗尽……”。tried out尝试; made out辨认出,理解;sent out发送,发出,根据句意可知选A项。
答案 A
20.(2014届山东师大附中高三第三次模拟考试)They are broadening the bridge to________the flow of traffic.
A.put off B.speed up
C.turn on D.work out
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们拓宽了大桥来加速交通的流畅。put off延期;speed up加速;turn on打开;work out解决,故选B项。
答案 B
用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容
1. I_had an idea that the wallet had been stolen.
→An idea__________________________ that the wallet had been stolen.
2.As a_result,my brother was admitted into a famous university.
→As it _________________,my brother was admitted into a famous university.
3.Plenty of memory work is_helpful_to your English study.
→Plenty of memory work _________________ your English study.
4.Generally speaking,the kids are_eager for knowledge.
→Generally speaking,the kids _________________ for knowledge.
答案 1.occurred to me 2.turned out 3.contributes to
4.have a strong appetite