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一、命题特点
1．试题的立意特点
短文改错是全面考查考生对英语基础知识的灵活运用能力的一种题型，它并不只单纯检测考生的语法知识，也是对考生写作能力的全面考查。可以说，它是书面表达的另一种形式。做好短文改错题，将会为写好书面表达打下坚实的基础。
2．试题的情景特点
(1)短文改错的语言材料通常是考生自己的文章，或类似考生习作的文章。所选材料篇幅短、难度不大，但能够自成一体，说明一个事物或描述一件事情。话题常见，难易程度符合考生的认知水平，即简单易懂，基本上无生僻的词汇或语言结构。这种试题在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确性方面的水平。
(2)短文改错材料的长度约110词，句子在10个左右。从体裁上看，历年高考题中的短文改错文章以记叙文和应用文为主，兼顾说明文和议论文。
3．试题的设题特点
(1)短文改错通常从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度设题，考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力。
(2)错误类型有三种：多词、少词和错词。在总题量10个小题中，其比例一般为1∶1∶8，即1个多词、1个少词、8个错词。在错词中，多涉及动词、名词、形容词和副词；多词和少词主要涉及冠词和介词等。
二、命题热点
1．冠词。高考英语短文改错对冠词的考查几乎年年都有，多考查冠词的基本用法。如不可数名词表泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词；不定冠词a/an与定冠词the 的混用；固定搭配中的冠词误用等。
2．名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形式上没有单复数变化。在英语中，如果是可数名词，要注意考虑是否将可数名词单数变为复数形式。在高考短文改错试题中，命题者常对名词的单复数、可数名词与不可数名词以及名词的所有格进行考查。
3．一致关系。短文改错中所涉及的一致关系主要包括主谓一致、时态一致、代词指代一致等。所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词的单复数要与句子主语保持一致，时态一致是指动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词指代一致是指代词所指代的内容要与该代词所指代的人或事物在人称、数或意义等方面保持一致。
4．非谓语动词。本考点主要考查动词不定式符号to的多余或遗漏，对to是介词还是不定式符号的辨别，对动名词作主语和介词宾语形式的确认，现在分词与过去分词的区别等。
5．平行结构。在表达对等的概念时，要使用相同或相似的语法结构，此时，常借助并列连词and，or，but等。
6．成分赘余。在短文改错中经常会出现介词多余、词义重复等错误。
另外，在短文改错中还有词性分辨、行文逻辑、词语搭配等错误。
一般来说，解答短文改错题的原则可用三个字来概括：错、加、删。在解答时，错词更正，缺词添加，多词删除。改错形式都有相应的规范符号和格式，不可用错或混用。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生作答时所暴露的问题，建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下两种方法：
1．四要法
(1)要浏览全文，把握大意。
(2)要找出短文中的句号，把短文拆分成若干句子。短文改错不应按行去分析改错，而应以句子为单位进行断句改错。
(3)要认真分析句子结构，从“多、缺、错”三个方面入手，进行改错。
(4)要重新通读自己改正过的文章，进行检查。
2．四看法
(1)看每行或每句有无“一致性”错误：①主谓是否一致；②指代是否一致；③修饰语与被修饰语是否一致；④前后时态是否一致；⑤单复数是否一致；⑥并列连词and，or，but等前后的形式是否一致。
(2)看每行或每句有无“搭配”错误：①动宾搭配；②动词与介词搭配；③介词与名词搭配；④固定短语等。
(3)看每行或每句有无“词法、语法”错误：①冠词the，an，a误用；②非谓语动词的误用；③引导词误用；④形容词与副词误用；⑤时态、语态使用不当；⑥并列连词误用(and，but，or，so等)；⑦名词单复数形式误用等。
(4)看每行或每句有无“逻辑意义”错误，如按照上下文意思本该用push的地方用了pull。
总之，只要在平时的学习中打好基础，掌握命题规律，讲究解题思路与技巧，并能从具体语境、上下行文逻辑、习惯用法、句子结构等角度入手，对文章及句子进行分析，就能顺利改正错误。
【典例】 (2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I hardly remember my grandmother.She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.I was only four when she passes away.She is just a distant memory for me now.
I remember my grandfather very much.He was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.He had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.In a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.However，he was the gentlest man I have never known.
第一处：把holding改为hold。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”。
第二处：把passes改为passed。作者在文中回忆了自己的奶奶和爷爷，此处应用一般过去时。
第三处：把much改为well或clearly。remember sth/sb very well/clearly“很清楚地记得某事/某人”。
第四处：把shoulder改为shoulders。人有两个肩膀，因此应用复数形式。
第五处：把toward改为to或into。turn from A to/into B表示“由A变成B”。
第六处：把himself改为him。他的嗓音低沉，这使他与众不同。短语set sb apart from“使某人与众不同。”
第七处：在he前加and。根据语境并分析句子成分可知，逗号前后为两个并列的分句，因此应用连词and连接。
第八处：把In a fact 之间的a删掉。in fact表示“事实上”。
第九处：把during改为when。during为介词，后可接名词或代词，不能引导从句。故应改为when。when在此处引导时间状语从句。
第十处：把never改为ever。根据语境，此处表示“我的爷爷是我曾见过的最温和的一个人”。ever“曾经”，符合语境。本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
Ⅰ.体验高考
(2014·浙江)I was takin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g a train to London's Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.21·cn·jy·com
Before long，a train i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nspector comes to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.21·世纪*教育网
No one in the carriag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket owner before.Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.If we could show concern to others on need，the world would be a better place to live in.
答案
I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station.I had noticed that the carriage was and filled with people.21世纪教育网版权所有
Before long，a train inspector to check our tickets.A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from owner.The person who found ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.www.21-cn-jy.com
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Ⅱ.仿真、模拟
Passage 1
What Does a C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )redit Card Bring Us is written by Eillton Henley.It's a brief or excellent article about credit cards.The author explains what credit cards work.And he also points out the positive and negative aspect for having it.American consumers are mostly likely to use credit cards.However，the use of credit cards are expanding into almost every country in world.The key point making by the author is that users should pay for the amount in full when a bill is sent from the credit card company.This protected all the advantages and avoids all the disadvantages of using credit cards.www-2-1-cnjy-com
答案
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Passage 2
After watch “Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h TV” last Sunday morning，I phoned to my classmate and told him to go to see a film in the afternoon.Before the film was over，we returned to school to do our lessons.While we are having a rest in the corridor，I saw Mr Liu，my China teacher.He told me that we had made some progresses in English，but my Chinese lagged behind，especially my Chinese composition.He suggested I should read more and keeping a diary every day.In the evening my father told me that reading newspapers would do me well for improving composition writing.That was really good idea! What they said was quite right，and I should follow their advice.21cnjy.com
答案
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Passage 3
I'm very glad to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have received the letter you sent me two week ago.I have been thinking about a question you asked me.In my opinion，you should come back after finish your studies abroad.For one reason，that you are studying is bad needed nowadays in our country.It will be quite easy for you find a good job.In fact，I knew a few big companies in our city hope to hire people like you.For another one reason，I think it will be more convenient for you to look after your parents but they are getting old.But this is only my point of view.It is up for you to make a right choice.21教育网
答案
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Passage 4
This morning I fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und red wallet on the campus.Girls usual like red，so I believed the wallet was belonged to a girl student.I opened it，try to find out whose it was.Therefore，I found nothing but 300 yuan in it.I was wondering what to do with it while suddenly my classmates Chen Yang passed by.She suggested she put up a Lost and Found notice and I did so.I wrote down my telephone number and ask the owner to call me after she saw it.Later，a girl came to claim it on 3 o'clock this afternoon.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
答案
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Passage 5
Last Saturday，our scho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ol had organized all of the Senior 1 students to visit the children at a local orphanage.We took many books that was popular among children，as well as many kinds of school supplies and toys，to children.They were delighted to receive these gift.We played some games together and give performances.Before leave the orphanage we took photos with them and gave them our contact details but we could keep in touch with one another.
That day，each ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one of us had an enjoyable time.We gave the children their care and help；for return，they gave us their smiles and love.These voluntary activities made a deeply impression on us.2·1·c·n·j·y
答案
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Passage 6
I as well as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my family are going to New York City this weekend.I had been looking forward to go there for a long time.It is one of the modernest city in the world.2-1-c-n-j-y
There have also a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot of museums where you can learn something you can't learn it in school.I'd also like to see the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. 21*cnjy*com
Unfortunately，the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )win towers destroyed on September 11th,2001 and I would have the chance to see them by myself.Now I am getting ready for the excited trip.I bet it will be a unforgettable experience.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
答案
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