中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 6 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)
【重点语法】
被动语态
（1）被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
（2）被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词（如果是不及物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词）
（3）被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时的被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词（关于被动语态，大家一定要熟悉，这个在中考的时候属于是必考内容，而且是重点内容）
（4）被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by表示“由，被”的意思，如何理解被动语态？ 为了更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态：主语+谓语动词+宾语+其他成分
被动语态：主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语+其他成分
如：Many people speak English.
被动语态 :English is spoken by many people.
【词汇用法】
at a low price 以低价
eg：This sweater is on sale at a low price. 这件毛衣正以低价出售。
low形容词，意为“低的”。
eg：She jumped over the low wall.她跳过了那堵矮墙。
At present, the price of the houses in Urumqi is lower than before. I can afford to buy a large one.
2. translate /tr ns'le t/ v．翻译
translate... into ...意为“把……翻译成……”，既可用于主动语态中，也可用于被动语态中。
eg：Don’t translate everything into Chinese when you read English articles.
当你阅读英语文章时，不要把所有的东西都翻译成汉语。
Will the book be translated into English as soon as possible
这本书会尽快翻译成英文吗？
Do you know Mo Yan His books were translated into English a few years ago.
【重点句型】
Our parents advised us not to go out alone．我们的父母建议我们不要单独外出。
advise v. 劝告；建议
advise sb. about / on sth. 就某事向某人提出建议
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
我们可以就教育方面的事情向他们提出建议。
We can advise them about/on education.
他建议等到明天。He advised waiting until tomorrow.
辨析：alone, lonely
alone adj. 单独的；独自的 不能用于名词前，强调一人的客观状态，只陈述一个客观事实，在句中作表语。
adv. 单独；独自；孤单地 相当于by oneself，在句中作状语。
lonely adj. 孤单的；寂寞
可作表语也可作定语，强调心理状态和主观感受，突出感到孤独和寂寞。
1) My sister is alone in the classroom now. She is finishing her painting.
2) Dale is shy and always feels lonely because he has few friends.
3) At heart, Mrs. Smith is a(n) lonely woman.
4) I don’t like going out alone at night.
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were brought to a safe place. 突然发生了地震，但幸运的是,村民们被带到了一个安全的地方。
sudden (happening quickly and unexpectedly) 形容词，意为“突然(的)”。
There was a sudden change in the weather. 天气突然变了。
all of a sudden意为“突然；猛地”，相当于副词 suddenly。
He came to us all of a sudden.
=He suddenly came to us.他突然朝我们走来。
单项选择
( )1. I met a friend of mine _______ in the street yesterday.
A . by accident B . by the way C . by mistake D . by car
( )2.—_______ is said that we'll have a school trip next month.
—Sounds great!
A . One B . This C . It D .This
( )3. I have spent ___________ on this job. I think I can finish it ___________ this afternoon.
A . sometime; sometime B . sometimes; some time
C . some time; sometime D . some times; some time
( )4.Great changes __________ in our school in the past few years .
A . have taken place B . took place
C . take place D . will take place
( )5. There is no _____ that phones play an important role in the modern life.
A . question B . doubt C . problem D. trouble
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.Last week our hospital bought some medical (instrument).
7.The earthquake happened all of a (suddenly), but luckily no one was injured in the village.
8.The doctor advised my father (not smoke) anymore.
9.She is an excellent singer. Her (music) talent is amazing.
10.My daughter likes eating (cookie) very much. She thinks they’re very delicious.
三、完成句子。
11. 2012年奥运会在英国伦敦举行。
The 2012 Olympic Games ________ ________ in London, UK.
12. 毫无疑问，阅读对我们有好处。
________ ________ reading is good for us.
13. 茶，一种很受欢迎的饮品，是偶然被发现的。
Tea, a very popular drink, was invented ________ ________.
14. 去年这本书被译成好几种语言，很受欢迎。
The book ________ ________ ________ several languages last year. It was very popular.
15. 莉萨正在打电话，突然两个陌生人闯进了她的家。
Lisa was on the phone; _______ ______ ______ _______, two strangers broke into her house.
四、完形填空
Two high school students from Canada have invented a magic backpack. It can be 16 a sleeping bag for homeless people.
The two teens worked together for their school’s science fair. They wanted to do something to help homeless people. They were inspired(启发) to make the backpack after Pasha’s uncle died on the street. Because of mental(精神的)illness, he became homeless and started 17 on the street. She missed her uncle and wanted to 18 a safe place for homeless people.
Pasha, together with her best friend Adrianna, got the idea of building a 19 for the homeless. Their amazing work is a big backpack. It 20 two kilos. When it is folded, it can be carried 21 the shoulder as a backpack. And when it spreads out, the backpack will become a “house”. The space blanket(毛毯) in it keeps people 22 during the cold winters. It’s 6℃ to 7℃ warmer inside than outside. During the hot summer months, the backpack can be turned over(翻转) 23 the space blanket is on its top. It will be 24 cooler inside. The girls hope that one day they will see homeless people using their 25 on the street.
What a wonderful thing the girls have done!
( )16.A.fallen into B. turned into C. put into D. poured into
( )17.A.living B. working C. studying D. researching
( )18.A.buy B. visit C. create D. leave
( )19.A.hotel B. restaurant C. factory D. home
( )20.A.weighs B. collects C. loses D. sells
( )21.A.from B. on C. into D. in
( )22.A.warm B. wet C. cool D. cold
( )23.A.even though B. so that C. ever since D. no matter
( )24.A.more B. most C. many D. much
( )25.A.notice B. message C. invention D. picture
五、阅读理解
A teacher stood in front of his history class of twenty students just before handing out(分发) the final exam. His students sat quietly and waited for him to speak.
“It’s been a pleasure teaching you this term,” he said. “You’ve all worked very hard, so I have a pleasant surprise for you. Everyone who chooses not to take the final exam will get a ‘B’ for the course.”
Most of the students jumped out of their seats. They thanked the teacher happily, and walked out of the classroom. Only a few students stayed. The teacher looked at them. “This is your last chance,” he said. “Does anyone else want to leave ” All the students there stayed in their seats and took out their pencils.
The teacher smiled. “Congratulations (祝贺),” he said. “I’m glad to see you believe in yourselves. You all get ‘A’ s.”
( )26. This story most probably took place ________.
A. at the beginning of the term B. in the middle of the term
C. at the end of the term D. at the beginning of the school year
( )27. Most of the students got Grade ________.
A. ‘A’ B. ‘B’ C. ‘C’ D. ‘F’
( )28. Why did some students stay in their seats
Because they wanted to take the exam.
B. Because the teacher told them to stay in their class.
C. Because they were afraid to leave. D. Because they didn’t have anything to do.
( )29. The teacher gave the students who stayed in the classroom ‘A’ s because ________.
A. the teacher liked them B. they were cleverer than the other students
C. they believed in themselves D. they studied hard5
( )30.The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A. students staying in their seats B. students leaving the classroom
C. their seats D. all the students
六、根据短文内容及括号内所给动词的提示，用正确的时态和语态补全短文，使短文完整、通顺。
A billion cans or bottles of Coca-Cola 31. _________ (drink) every day all over the world!
This famous drink 32. _________ (invent) in 1886 by an American chemist (药剂师), Dr. John Pemberton, in Atlanta, USA. He 33. _________ (call) it a health drink. At first, it 34. _________ (make) from the cola nut and coca plant. Pemberton’s partner, Frank Robinson, 35. _________ (give) it the name “Coca-Cola”.
The business didn’t start well. In the first year, only nine drinks a day 36. _________ (sell). In 1888, the business 37. _________ (buy) by a man named Asa Candler. He 38. _________ (open) the first factory, in Texas, in 1895. Since then, billions and billions of gallons (加仑) have been sold in over 200 countries.
Coca-Cola 39. _________ still 40. ________(make) in that factory in Texas today.
Unit 6 Section A Grammar focus-4c 学案 (知识精讲+分层作业)参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5 ACCAB
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
6.instruments 7.sudden 8.not to smoke 9.musical 10.cookies
三、完成句子
11. took place 12. Without doubt 13. by accident 14. was translated into 15. all of a sudden
完形填空
16-20BACDA 21-25BABDC
阅读理解
26-30 CBACA
六、语法填空
31. are drunk 32. was invented 33. called 34. was made 35. gave
36. were sold 37. was bought 38. opened 39. Is 40. made
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Unit 6
When was it invented
Section A (Grammar focus-4c)
情景式教学语法课公开课
人教新目标版 九年级(上册)
Learning objectives
1.学习本课新词汇：fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, ring, earthquake,
sudden, bell, biscuit, cookie, musical, instrument, at a low price, advise sb. to do, translate... into..., all of a sudden
掌握句型：They sold the fridge at a low price.
Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room.
The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers were
brought to a safe place.
2.通过阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，能够借助汉语完成句子能够说出一般过去时被动语态谓语动词的构成及句式变化。
3.通过观看视频和图片，能够用被动语态的句子描述视频或图片内容，能够区别一般现在时被动语态和一般过去时被动语态。
4.能够把主动语态的句子变成被动语态，同时把被动语态的句子变成主动语态，能够用被动语态表达自己的态度。
Watch a video and pay attention to the passive voice.
Complete the sentences according to the Chinese and pictures:
The cars _____ _________in 1885.
汽车在1885年被发明。
Flowers ______ _____in the garden last year.
去年鲜花被种在花园里。
The man _____ ___to the hospital an
hour ago.一小时前那个人被送到医院去了。
were invented
were planted
was sent
Look at the pictures and rewrite the sentences.
The students clean the classroom every school day.
The classroom is cleaned by the students every
school day.
The farmers grow tea plants on the sides of mountains.
Tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains by the farmers.
How delicious the soup is! Who cooked it
Mom cooked the soup.
It was cooked by Mom.
Look at the pictures and make sentences in the passive voice.
The tree was planted five years ago.
tree, plant, five years ago
praise, mother, just now
The boy was praised by his mother just now.
books, carry, classroom, in the morning
The books were carried into the classroom by the boy in the morning.
flowers, water, yesterday
The flowers were watered by the girl yesterday.
Watch a video and fill in the
blanks.
We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(古钢琴). It ________ in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord _______ in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument _____________by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged(损坏) by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it ! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings ___________.My father was shocked. Now we ___________ to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.
was made
is kept
was bought
were broken
are not allowed
Read the sentences and translate them.
Grammar Focus
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice : Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876. Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
1. 拉链是什么时候被发明的？______ _____ the zipper ________
2. 它于1893年被发明。It ______ _________ in 1893.
3. 它是由谁发明的？ ______ _____ it invented ______
4. 是由惠特科姆 贾得森发明的。It ____ ________ ___ Whitcomb Judson.
5. 茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜的？______ ____ tea _________ to Korea
6. 是在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜的。
It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries.
7. 热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？What ___ the hot ice-cream scoop_____ ____
8. 它用来盛很凉的冰淇淋。It’s _____ ____ ________ really cold ice-cream.
9. 贝尔于1876年发明了电话机。Alexander Graham Bell _________ the
telephone in 1876.
10. 电话机在1876年被贝尔所发明。The telephone _____ ________ ___
Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
When was invented
was invented
Who was by
was invented by
When was brought
was brought during
is used for
used for serving
invented
was invented by
Do you still remember how to
change the active voice into
the passive voice
主动语态：主语Alexander Graham Bell是动作invent 的执行者。
被动语态：主语The telephone是动作invent 的承受着。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876.
主动语态
被动语态
主(执行者)
谓语动词主动语态(过去时)
宾(承受者)
①
③
主(承受者)
by(执行者)
②
谓语动词被动语态(be+V-ed)
◆ 主动语态变被动语态的方法
① 主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
② 主动语态的谓语动词变成“was/were+及物V-ed”形式。
③ 主动语态的主语变成by引导的介词短语放在主谓结构后面，有时可以省略。
Read the sentences in Grammar focus. Find out the passive voice sentences.Tell us the formation of Predicate Verbs(谓语动词的构成).
When was the zipper invented It was invented in 1893.
Who was it invented by It was invented by Whitcomb Judson.
When was tea brought to Korea It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for It’s used for serving really cold ice-cream.
Active Voice : Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. Passive Voice: The telephone was invented (by Alexander Graham Bell) in 1876.
一般过去时被动语态谓语动词的构成
主语+was\were+ done(及物动词的过去分词)+其他成分
Tom made the new machine last week.
The new machine ______ _______ by Tom last week.
was made
Let's learn more about general past passive voice(一般过去时被动语态).
1.一般过去时被动语态句子结构
1.肯定句: 主语 + was/were + V-ed + (by…)
The news was published by the government.
2.否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)
3.一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
The news wasn’t published by the government.
Was the news published by the government
特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + V-ed + (by…)
When was the news published by the government
一般过去时被动语态常见几种句型结构：
Let's learn more about general past passive voice(一般过去时被动语态).
2.被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或没必要指出
动作的执行者
These books were written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
强调或突出动作的
承受者
The book was written by Mo Yan.
这本书是由莫言写的。
动作的执行者不是人
而是无生命的事物
Many traffic accidents were caused by
careless driving.
很多交通事故是由粗心驾驶造成的。
Please change the active voice into the
passive voice according to the pictures.
Yesterday she played the piano.
The piano __________ (by her) yeerday.
was played
The baby ate the biscuit.
The biscuit _________ the biscuit.
was eaten
Cindy
Cindy locked the door.
The door _________ by Cindy.
was locked
Please change the active voice into the
passive voice according to the video or pictures.
A dog opened the fridge.
The fridge __________ the fridge.
was opened
They sold the fridge at a low price.
The fridge ________ at a low price.
was sold
Somebody stole my camera from my hotel.
My camera __________ from my hotel.
was stolen
Last night, Wang Min was walking home from
school when suddenly something happened.
What happened to Wang Min
His wallet _________
(被偷).
was stolen
This is the thief.
What happened to the thief
He___________by a policeman.
was caught
He_______________________
________.
was punished and taken to
prison
Do you know the special situations when we
change the active voice into the passive voice
特殊情况
1.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态
My father fixed up the house.
The house was fixed up by my father.
The house was fixed by my father.
动词短语在变被动语态的时候，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词；要当作一个整体
e.g. The man cut down the tree. →
The tree was cut down by the man.
Do you know the special situations when we
change the active voice into the passive voice
特殊情况
2.含有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态
Tom gave me a book yesterday.
I was given a book by Tom.
间接宾语做主语
A book was given to me by Tom.
直接宾语做主语
当指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接语前加to或for
e.g. Peter gave me a pen.
间接宾语
直接宾语
a. I was given a pen by Peter.
b. A pen was given to me by Peter.
I brought him some food.
Some food was brought to
him (by me).
Do you know the special situations when we
change the active voice into the passive voice
特殊情况
3. 感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
I saw a heavy man enter the house.
A heavy man was seen to enter the house.
主动句中感官动词see / hear / watch / feel等和使役动词make / let / have等后跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时应加上不定式标志to。
口诀：
一感二听三让四看
主动to出去；
被动to回来
e.g. My mother made me clean the room. →
I was made to clean the room.
Do you know the special situations when we
change the active voice into the passive voice
特殊情况
4.不能使用被动语态的动词
The book cost Laura twenty dollars.
What happened to Mr. Brown
This blouse belongs to Mary.
系动词 (get/turn/become/seem/look/sound/smell/taste/feel+adj.)不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, cost,
take place, run out, come true, fall asleep…）没有被动语态。
有些动词常用其主动形式表示被动意义，
如sell, wash, write等和表示感觉、知觉的系
动词feel, sound, taste, smell等。
e.g. This kind of dress sells well.
The fish tastes very delicious.
Please turn the active voice into the passive voice.
1.The young man saved the lives of the children.
2. The villagers didn’t find the lost boy at last.
3. Did you clean up your room last night
4. My mother bought me a new CD player.
The lives of the children were saved by the young man.
The lost boy wasn’t found by the villagers at last.
Was your room cleaned up last night
A new CD player was bought for me by my mother.
Enjoy a video about the passive voice.
Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.
4a
1.They sold the fridge at a low price.
_______________________________________________________________
2. Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. _______________________________________________________________
3. Where did you take these photos
_______________________________________________________________
4. Our parents advised us not to go out alone. _______________________________________________________________
5. Different writers translated the book into different languages.
_______________________________________________________________
The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
My camera was stolen from my hotel room (by somebody).
Where were these photos taken
We were advised by our parents not to go out alone.
The fridge was sold at a low price.
advice sb. not to do sth.建议某人不要做某事
v.翻译
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
1. You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you Why didn’t you go
2. The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers _____________to a safe place.
3. The door ____________ when we arrived, so we _______ the bell.
4. The students _________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby _________ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in the science class.
5. The cookies ___________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _______ them.
eat like invite tell lock ring break bring
were invited
were brought
was locked
rang
were told
broke
were eaten
liked
违反规则
Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks.
4c
The telephone ____________ (invent) by Alexander Graham Bell. He ________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell _______ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson. In 1875, Mr. Bell ________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone ____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that ________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world.
was invented
was born
worked
learned
was invented
was said
is used
全世界；世界各地 all over the world
all parts of the world
Do the exercise.
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. The pizza __________ (make) by me. Would you like to have some
2. The Great Wall _________ (know) all over the world.
3. This story __________ (tell) by my grandmother last night.
4. Was a new science museum ______ (build) in your hometown last year
5. No student _______(see) in the playground.
was made
is known
was told
built
is seen
Do the exercise.
6. I was given a new toy by my aunt last week.( 改为主动语态)
My aunt ________ ________ a new toy last week.
7. Many trees were planted along the river last year.(改为否定句)
Many trees ________ ________ along the river last year.
8.Sky lanterns were used to ask for help in ancient times,
_______ ______ （完成反意疑问句）
9. The beautiful piece of music was played by HuoZun. (对画线部分提问)
________ _______ the beautiful piece of music _______ by
10. The book was translated into eight languages last year. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ the book __________ into eight languages last year
gave me
weren't planted
weren't they
Who was played
Was translated
二、按要求完成句子
For today's homework
1. Find out information about an invention you would like it and
write sentences below.
Invention:
When:
Who:
Purpose:
2. Preview SectionB1a-1e.
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