外研版必修3 Module6 P4 Grammar Non-defining and Defining Attributive Clauses（共63张PPT）

课件63张PPT。M6Grammar Objectives 1.To learn about non-defining
attributive clauses
2. To learn about contraction of attributive clauses
语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。Non-defining attributive clausesGrammar 1 After studying music in Vienna, Haydn
went to work at the court of a prince in
eastern Austria, where he became
director of music. (P22, B2)
2. Having worked there for 30 years,
Haydn moved to London, where he was
very successful. (P22, B2) Are you familiar with these sentences?
They are all from our books we have
learned. 3. People generally agree that Pablo
Picasso, who lived from 1881 to 1973, is
the twentieth-century’s greatest western
artist. (P39, B2)
4. People agree that Picasso’s greatest
Cubist painting is Guernica, which
was painted in Madrid in 1937.
(P39, B2)
5. International Space Station, which is
orbiting the earth, American
astronaut Edward Lu and Russia
cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.
(P43, B2)6. Lu, whose parents were born in China,
spoke to Yang in Chinese during his
flight. (P43, B2)
7. The US also has a lot of tabloid
newspapers, such as The New York Daily
News, which are similar to British
tabloids. (P49, B2)8. But one cannot forget the wonderful
Chow Yun-Fat, who is as good with a
sword as he is with a gun. (P53, B2)
9. The power of the Yangtze River, which is
the world’s third longest river, has
been harnessed by the Three Gorges
Dam.to test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessGuessing Games After studying music in Vienna, Haydn
went to work at the court of a prince in
eastern Austria, _______ he became
director of music. (P22, B2)
2. Having worked there for 30 years,
Haydn moved to London, _______ he was
very successful. (P22, B2)
3. People generally agree that Pablo Picasso,
_____ lived from 1881 to 1973, is the
twentieth-century’s greatest western
artist. (P39, B2)wherewherewho4. People agree that Picasso’s greatest
Cubist painting is Guernica, ______ was
painted in Madrid in 1937.
(P39, B2)
5. International Space Station, _______ is
orbiting the earth, American
astronaut Edward Lu and Russia
cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko.
(P43, B2)
6. Lu, ______ parents were born in China,
spoke to Yang in Chinese during his
flight. (P43, B2)whichwhichwhose7. The US also has a lot of tabloid
newspapers, such as The New York Daily
News, _______ are similar to British
tabloids. (P49, B2)
8. But one cannot forget the wonderful
Chow Yun-Fat, ____ is as good with a
sword as he is with a gun. (P53, B2)
9. The power of the Yangtze River, _____ is
the world’s third longest river, has
been harnessed by the Three Gorges
Dam.whichwhowhich Dorothy was always speaking highly
of her role in the play, ____, of course,
made the?others unhappy.??? A. which B. who
C. his D. what
2. The old man has two sons, ____?is a
soldier.
A. one of whom B. both of them
C. all of whom D. none of themI.单选3. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers
(摩天大楼), __ has more than 100 stores. A. the higher of them
B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them
D. some of which
4. In the office I never seem to have time
until after 5:30 p.m., ____?many people
have gone home.
A. whose time??? B. that?
C. at which?????????? D. by which time5. The weather turned out to be very
good, ____?was more than we could
expect.? A. what B. which ??
C. that ? D. it
6. I shall never forget the years ____ I
lived in the country with the farmers,
___ has a good effect on my life.
A. that, which??? B. when, which
C. which, that???? D. when, who以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据
之前练习的考察情
况进一步选择讲解
该语法项的重难点。限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略定语从句非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。 非限制性定语从句举例：
1. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.?
2. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.?
3. Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.? Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.（她还有其他哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）比较非限制性定语从句
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.
那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。
2. 有时as也可用作关系代词。 3. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物。
4. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。as 和which
引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句可放在句首、句中或句尾。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.　　
He wasn’t unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes. 2. which既可代指先行词，又可代指整
个主句的内容，相当于 “and this”
或 “and that”，译为“这一点”。
　as只能代指整个主句的内容，常带有
“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。
as is known, as is reported, as is said,
as is expected, as we know, etc.1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to all.
4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
5. My son now goes to the school, which I used to go to when I was a child.
6. He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as had been expected.3. as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而which则不一定。
He is very strict, as is shown in his work.
The man is very learned, as is described
in the book.
4. 先行词前有the same, such限定时，关系词只能用as。
I have the same opinion as you (have).
Don’t read such books as are beyond your ability.当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 比较5. 主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.注: word 文档
点击此处链接Individual activity1. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Charles Smith, ____ was my former teacher, retired last year.
2. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
My house, ______ I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　whowhich根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。3. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
This novel, _____ I have read three times, is very touching.
4. 他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我心烦。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _____ greatly upsets me.
5. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
Liquid water changes to vapor, ______ is called evaporation (蒸发). whichwhichwhichContraction of attributive clausesGrammar 2 I met a man my grandfather worked
with thirty years ago.
2. The valley is now part of the reservoir
created by the Three Gorges Dam.
3. The people living in the village have
moved to other places. Are you familiar with these sentences?
They are all from our books we have
learned. 4. That’s the reason he was late for school.
5. Is it the book you find?
6. I will never forget the day we know
each other.
7. This is the place we find our purses.to test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessGuessing Games I met a man ______ my grandfather
worked with thirty years ago.
2. The valley is now part of the reservoir
___________ created by the Three
Gorges Dam.
3. The people ___________ living in the
village have moved to other places.补全句子中省略的关系词。(who)(which was)(who were)4. That’s the reason _____ he was late for school.
5. Is it the book _____ you find?
6. I will never forget the day ______we
know each other.
7. This is the place _______ I find my
purse.(why)(that)(when)(where) Carol said the work would be done by
October, ____ personally I doubt very
much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which实例详解“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October，而是前面整个主句。答案：D。 2. John said he’d been working in the
office for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he B. this
C. which D. who“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的” 所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。 3. Alice received an invitation from her
boss, ___ came as a surprise.
A. it　 B. that　
C. which　 D. he此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which。it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。答案C。4. The weather turned out to be very
good, ___ was more than we could
expect.
A. what　B. which　C. that　D. itwhich可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。答案B。以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据
之前练习的考察情
况进一步选择讲解
该语法项的重难点。定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形关
系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制
性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句
中，关系词则不可省略。 定语从句关系词省略的6种情形Contraction of attributive clauses一、关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语
从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的
介词宾语时，可以省略。如：
Is there anything (which) you wanted?
想要什么东西吗?
Who is the man (that / who / whom) you
were talking to?
刚才和你讲话的人是谁? 二、关系代词作表语时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，
可以省略。如：
China is not the country (that) it was.
中国已不是过去的中国了。
三、关系代词作宾补时的省略
当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补
足时，可以省略。如：
I’m not the mad man (that) you thought me.
我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。
(that作宾语补语)(that作表语)四、关系副词when的省略
用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能
省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day,
year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也
可换成that)也可换成。如：
That was the year (that) I first went abroad.
就是那一年我第一次出国了。
I’ll never forget the day (that) we met.
我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。五、关系副词where的省略
用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能
省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place,
somewhere, anywhere, everywhere,
nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换
成that)。 如：
This is the place (where) they met yesterday.
这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。
Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down
for an hour?
你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小
时？六、关系副词why的省略
关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导
定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，
均可省略。 如：
That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he
came.
这就是他来的原因。
Give me one reason (why) we should help
you.
给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。
Absent, nothing couldn’t be done.
由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。Review 复习非限制性定语从句
Non-defining relative clauses注: word 文档
点击此处链接Individual activity阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Ireland is an ancient and beautiful country, and is of interest both from a __________ (history) view and for the ancestry. Dublin is the ________(large) city in Ireland. Attractions here include Trinity College where there are many collections, one of _______ is the Book of Kells, Dublin Castle which has played an important role ___ Ireland’s history, and the well-known St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Tourists can visit many _____locations here such as the General Posthistoricallargestwhich inotherOffice on O’Connell St. which _____ (be) the site of the Easter Rising in 1916, the Guinness factory, and Ireland’s National Museum and National Gallery. Smaller cities have much _________ (offer) and all possess their own charm. Galway is the location of the Galway Cathedral, the Galway Races, and many festivals throughout the year. Waterford is a wonderful port town _______ visitors may want to spend some time in the Waterford Crystal Visitor’s Center.to offerwherewas My friend showed me round the town,
____ was very kind of him.
(2009 全国II)
A. which B. that C. where D. it
2. Many children, ___ parents are away
working in big cities, are taken good
care of in the village. (2009 安徽)
A. their B. whose
C. of them D. with whom实战高考3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ___ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009 湖南)
A. which B. of which
C. that D. whose
4. They’ve won their last three matches, ____ I find a bit surprising. (2009 辽宁)
A. that B. when
C. what D. which 5. She brought with her three friends,
none of ____ I had ever met before.
(2009 全国I)
A. them B. who
C. whom D. these
6. As a child, Jack studied in a village
school, _____ is named after his
grandfather. (2010 全国I)
A. which B. where
C. what D. that 7. The newly built café, the walls of___
are painted light green, is really a
peaceful place for us, specially after
hard work. (2010 江苏)
A. that B. it C. what D. which
8. After graduating from college, I took
some time off to go travelling, ____
turned out to be a wise decision.
(2010 四川)
A. that B. which C. when D. where9. The settlement is home to nearly
1,000 people, many of ____ left their
village homes for a better life in the
city. (2010 浙江)
A. whom B. which
C. them D. those
10. The school shop, ____ customers are
mainly students, is closed few the
holidays. (2011 四川)
A. which B. whose
C. when D. where11. Julie was good at German, French
and Russian, all of ____ she fluently.
(2011 湖南)
A. who B. whom
C. which D. that
12. Whatever is left over may be put into
the refrigerator , _____ it will keep for
two or three weeks. (2011 安徽)
A. when B. which
C. where D. while13. That evening, _________ I will tell you
more about later, I ended up working
very late. (2012 全国II)
A. that B. which C. what D. When
14. When deeply absorbed in work, ______
he often was, he would forget all about
eating or sleeping. (2012 北京)
A. that B. which C. where D. when 15. The air quality in the city, ______ is
shown in the report, has improved over
the past two months. (2012 福建)
A. that B. it C. as D. what
16. It is the third time that she has won the
race, ______ has surprised us all.
(2012 陕西)
A. that B. where C. which D. what17. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize
for Literature in 2012, made one of
the Chinese people’s long-held dreams
come true. (2013安徽)
A. it B. that C. what D. which
18. We have launched another man-made
satellite, is announced in today’s
newspaper. (2013天津)
A. that B. which
C. who D. whatHomework Do the exercises of Grammar on pages 54&56.Thank you.