人教版（2019）必修 第二册 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019）必修 第二册 Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-10-29 11:01:12 | ||
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文档简介
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking
—Comprehending
听音填空
/ Red River Valley/ / 红河谷 /
歌曲《红河谷》，曲调热切、饱满、优美、深情。这首已流传了一个世纪的歌曲，是一首在加拿大广泛流传的民歌，在美国也同样流行。
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and 1.sweet smile
For they say you are taking the 2.sunshine
That has 3.brightened our pathway awhile
Come and sit by my side， if you love me
Do not hasten to 4.bid me adieu
Just remember the Red River Valley
And the one who loved you so true
I’ve been thinking a long time my darling
Of the 5.sweet words you never would say
Now， alas， must my fond hopes all vanish
For they say you are going away
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
For they say you are taking the sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
还有那真爱你的人
亲爱的，长久以来，我一直在回想
那些你不曾说出的美好誓言
可是，现在我所有的美好希望都已破灭
你就要离开村庄
人们说，你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
[词海拾贝]
1．hasten ['heIsn] vt． 加速；催促；使加快；促进
2．vanish ['v nI ] v． 突然消失；不复存在
3．brighten ['braItn] v． (使)更明亮；变亮
重点单词
写作词汇
1．individual [IndI'vId l] adj．单独的；个别的
n． 个人
2．kingdom ['kI?d m] n． 王国；领域
3．chief [t i f] adj． 最重要的；最高级别的
n． (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby [nI 'baI] adj． 附近的；邻近的
adv． 在附近
5．battle ['b tl] n． 战役；搏斗
vi．& vt． 搏斗；奋斗
6．port [p t] n． 港口(城市)
拓展词汇
7．puzzle ['p zl] n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt．迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj．迷惑不解的→puzzling adj．令人迷惑的
8．belong [bI'l ?] vi．应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物
9．defence [dI'fens] n．防御；保卫→defend vt．保护；保卫
10．legal ['li ɡl] adj．法律的；合法的→illegal adj．不合法的
11．surround [s 'ra nd] vt．围绕；包围→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境
12．evidence ['evid ns] n．证据；证明→evident adj．清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的
13．achievement [ 't i vm nt] n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt．完成；达到
14．location [l 'keI n] n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt．位于，坐落于
15．fascinating ['f sIneItI ] adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt．使着迷，使神魂颠倒
阅读词汇
16．Confucius [k n'fju s] n． 孔子
17．mansion ['m n n] n． 公馆；宅第
18．philosophy [f 'l s fi] n． 哲学
19．descendant [dI'send nt] n． 后裔；后代；子孙
20．heel [hi l] n． 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
21．currency ['k r nsi] n． 通货；货币
22．military ['mIl tri] adj． 军事的；军用的
23．conquer ['k ?k (r)] vt． 占领；征服；控制
重点短语
1．join．．．to．．． 把……和……连接或
联结起来
2．break_away_(from_sb．/sth．) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong_to 属于
4．as_well_as 同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep_your_eyes_open_(for) 留心；留意
6．result_in 导致
7．date_back_to 追溯至
重点句型
1．if条件状语从句的省略形式：So what is the difference between them, if_any(如果有的话)？
2．as well as既……又……，连接并列成分：They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as_well_as_share_the_same_currency_and_military_defence(也拥有同样的货币和国防)．
3．the way后省略that/in which的定语从句：They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the_way_people_built_houses(人们建造房屋的方式)．
Fast reading
Skim the text (P40) and choose the best answer.
1．What is mainly discussed in this passage
A．The history of the United Kingdom．
B．The geography of the United Kingdom．
C．The people of the United Kingdom．
D．The politics of the United Kingdom．
答案：A
2．Read the text and match the main idea of each part．
Part 1(Paras．1－2) A．The history, traditions and culture of the United Kingdom．
Part 2(Para．3) B．The origin of the name of the UK．
Part 3(Paras．4－5) C．The four countries work together in some areas．
答案：BCA
Careful reading
Read the text(P40－41) carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Which invaders influenced London’s language most
A．Anglo Saxons． B．Romans．
C．Normans． D．Vikings．
2．From the passage，we know that ________．
A．all the four countries share the same educational system
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D．in the 19th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK
3．How many countries does the UK consist of
A．Two． B．Three．
C．Four． D．Five．
4．What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable
A．Know the location．
B．Find a company．
C．Find a good guide．
D．Study the history of the country ahead of time．
答案：1－4.ABCD
Study reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text．
1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today为which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容，we have today为定语从句修饰先行词name。
译文：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK为让步状语从句； who took over at different times throughout history为定语从句修饰先行词people。
译文：几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．为原因状语从句；dating all the way back to Roman times为现在分词短语作定语修饰history。
译文：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
阅读理解
A
It was a cold morning, and Eduardo Ortega was nervous．He held a large envelope．In it was his dream．
“This is everything，”he said．“I’ve worked for this since I was a young boy．”
Eduardo remembered the long hours working in the fields, picking strawberries and beans．After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．Although he missed many classes, he became the school’s best student．
One school year, Eduardo wrote an essay(文章) and won a prize—a flying trip to San Francisco．As he flew, he felt free from his life of hard work in the fields．He promised himself not to return to that life．He loved to fly．
This morning, Eduardo caught the school bus and went to school with the envelope．He walked past his classmates and sat down at his desk．He opened the envelope and began reading the letter inside．It was the answer to his application to the state university．It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．
Even though Eduardo worked to help his family, his father always encouraged him to go to school．So, while he worked, he also studied．
Eduardo knew that his dream was his father’s dream, too．His father was a smart man, but he was too poor to go to college．He loved to read, but never had time, because he worked long hours．
Now, as Eduardo read the words，“Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost．One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。男孩家境不好，需要打零工帮助家里维持生计，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想。他坚持学习，通过不懈的努力终于考上了大学，缩短了与梦想的距离。
1．What did Eduardo do when his friends drank coffee or slept
A．He attended classes．
B．He studied and wrote．
C．He worked in the fields．
D．He helped around his home．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．可知，工作结束后，他的朋友们或喝咖啡或睡觉，而他却在学习和写作。
2．What was Eduardo’s dream
A．Becoming a pilot．
B．Becoming a writer．
C．Traveling around the world．
D．Realizing his father’s dream．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．和最后一段中的One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．可知，他梦想成为一名飞行员。
3．What was Eduardo’s father’s attitude toward his dream
A．Supportive． B．Unconcerned．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的his father always encouraged him to go to school 可知，他父亲鼓励他上学，因此推断出他父亲支持他的梦想。
4．What was in the envelope
A．An invitation to a flying trip．
B．Encouragement from his father．
C．Congratulations from his friends．
D．An admission notice from a university．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的It was the answer to his application to the state university．和最后一段中的as Eduardo read the words, “Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost可推断，信封里是他所申请的大学发来的录取通知书。
B
Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra．It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years．
Petra was built in 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people．They were very skilled at carving(刻)．It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!
In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．The buildings and the city’s water system were affected．A Swiss explorer，Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, discovered this city of wonders in 1812．Until he discovered Petra, it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!
Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City”．This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose red colour．Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades(正面)．Some of the facades have columns(柱) carved into the rock, but they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up．
Petra was built in the middle of the desert, where it hardly ever rained．Luckily, the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place．First, they carved channels(渠) to bring water from a nearby spring into the city．Rainwater was also collected in underground channels．The water was then stored．So, even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use．
Today, Petra is one of the world’s most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了古城佩特拉。
5．What do we know about Petra
A．It was built on high mountains．
B．It was a history of five centuries．
C．It was destroyed by earthquakes．
D．It was first visited by westerners in 363．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．可知，这座古城被地震毁了。
6．Why was the city named “Petra”？
A．Some of it looked rose red．
B．Some of it was filled with roses．
C．Some of it was home to animals．
D．Some of it was built into the rock．
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．可知答案。
7．What is the purpose of the columns
A．To beautify the buildings．
B．To support the buildings．
C．To function as gates．
D．To serve as tools．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，装饰而已。
8．Which word can best describe the Nabataeans
A．Honest． B．Creative．
C．Hard working． D．Well educated．
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。
完形填空
Kelvin Doe is a child from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．The area is in such __1__shape that the lights only come up once a week．At the age of 10, he started __2__rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts after school．Then he would spend his time __3__ how they work．__4__he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t __5__ Doe’s dream of helping solve the local problems in his community．
At the age of 13, after he tried many times, he finally __6__ a generator(发电机) using materials he had __7__ around the house or from rubbish dumps．From then on, Kelvin Doe became a completely __8__engineer．He then built a radio station by using recycled materials．He reported news and played music under the __9__ of DJ Focus and __10__ his friends as workers in the station．“They call me DJ Focus．I am confident．I always __11__if I focus, I can complete anything seeming to be __12__，” Doe said in a YouTube video．
He had __13__been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．There, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)__14__such a smart boy．David Sengeh, a PhD student at MIT, recognized his amazing __15__right away．“Doe’s story is very __16__．He made a generator because he __17__it，” Sengeh said．“Doe’s __18__ in the YouTube video have had a big __19__ on me and on millions of people all over the world．In Sierra Leone, other young people suddenly feel they can be __20__Doe．” Kelvin was later invited to give a talk at the TEDxTeen in 2012 to Harvard Students．“Creativity can be found in places where one does not expect to find it，”said Kelvin during the talk．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位来自非洲塞拉利昂的名叫Kelvin Doe的小男生通过自学搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且自己当起这个电台的DJ，通过它向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
1．A．attractive B．simple
C．interesting D．bad
D 解析：根据上文中的 ．．．from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．以及下文中的．．．the lights only come up once a week．可知，这个地区的情况非常“糟糕”。
2．A．mistaking B．designing
C．searching D．exchanging
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，十岁时，Kelvin Doe 开始放学后在垃圾场中“寻找”电子产品的零件。
3．A．studying B．explaining
C．discussing D．considering
A 解析：根据下文中的how they work可知，然后他花时间“研究”这些零件的构造。
4．A．If B．Although
C．Once D．Since
B 解析：根据下文中的he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t ．．．可知，前后两句是让步关系，故用Although。
5．A．show B．wake
C．stop D．mention
C 解析：根据上文中的．．．he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education．．．可知，尽管他很小且没受过传统的工科教育，但是这没有“阻止”他想帮助社区解决当地问题的梦想。
6．A．reused B．created
C．repaired D．mixed
B 解析：根据上下文可知，十三岁时，Kelvin Doe终于“自制”了一台发电机。
7．A．recycled B．divided
C．stolen D．borrowed
A 解析：根据上文中的rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts可知，电池和发电机是用他在家周围或垃圾场“回收”来的材料制成的。
8．A．warm hearted B．easy going
C．hard working D．self taught
D 解析：根据上文中的didn’t receive traditional engineering education可知，Kelvin Doe 完全是一个“自学”成才的工程师。
9．A．action B．guidance
C．control D．name
D 解析：根据下文中的They call me DJ Focus．可知，他用回收的材料搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且以DJ Focus的“名字”向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
10．A．employed B．served
C．regarded D．treated
A 解析：根据下文中的．．．as workers in the station．可知，他“雇用”他的朋友当电台的工作人员。
11．A．wish B．believe
C．predict D．worry
B 解析：根据上文中的I am confident．可知，Kelvin Doe很自信，并一直“相信”如果自己专注，肯定会完成看似不可能的事情。
12．A．impossible B．imperfect
C．unreasonable D．unfinished
A 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe一直相信如果自己专注，肯定会完成似乎“不可能的”事情。
13．A．already B．just
C．never D．always
C 解析：根据下文中的．．．been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．可知，他“从未”离家超过十英里，直到参加了全国性的发明比赛。
14．A．discovered B．educated
C．saved D．introduced
A 解析：根据语境可知，这场比赛中，麻省理工学院“发现”了这个聪明的男孩。
15．A．suggestions B．skills
C．goals D．experiences
B 解析：根据语境可知，David Sengeh立即看出Kelvin Doe不可多得的“技能”。
16．A．true B．encouraging
C．tragic D．amusing
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，Kelvin Doe的故事非常“鼓舞人心”。
17．A．sold B．researched
C．recognized D．needed
D 解析：根据上文可知，Kelvin Doe自制发电机是因为他“需要”它。
18．A．performances B．advertisements
C．words D．expressions
C 解析：根据上文中的Doe said in a YouTube video以及下文中的．．．in the YouTube video．．．可知，这里指Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的“话”。
19．A．expectation B．impression
C．influence D．pressure
C 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的话对David Sengeh以及全世界千百万的人都有着很大的“影响”。
20．A．beside B．against
C．for D．like
D 解析：根据语境可知，在塞拉利昂，其他年轻人突然觉得他们也可以“像”Kelvin Doe一样。
—Comprehending
听音填空
/ Red River Valley/ / 红河谷 /
歌曲《红河谷》，曲调热切、饱满、优美、深情。这首已流传了一个世纪的歌曲，是一首在加拿大广泛流传的民歌，在美国也同样流行。
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and 1.sweet smile
For they say you are taking the 2.sunshine
That has 3.brightened our pathway awhile
Come and sit by my side， if you love me
Do not hasten to 4.bid me adieu
Just remember the Red River Valley
And the one who loved you so true
I’ve been thinking a long time my darling
Of the 5.sweet words you never would say
Now， alas， must my fond hopes all vanish
For they say you are going away
From this valley they say you are going
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
For they say you are taking the sunshine
That has brightened our pathway awhile
I will miss your bright eyes and sweet smile
人们说你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
来坐在我身旁
如果你爱我
不要离开得这样匆忙
你可要记住这红河谷
还有那真爱你的人
亲爱的，长久以来，我一直在回想
那些你不曾说出的美好誓言
可是，现在我所有的美好希望都已破灭
你就要离开村庄
人们说，你就要离开村庄
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
因为你带走所有的阳光
它曾照亮我们的路
我将怀念你的明眸和甜蜜微笑
[词海拾贝]
1．hasten ['heIsn] vt． 加速；催促；使加快；促进
2．vanish ['v nI ] v． 突然消失；不复存在
3．brighten ['braItn] v． (使)更明亮；变亮
重点单词
写作词汇
1．individual [IndI'vId l] adj．单独的；个别的
n． 个人
2．kingdom ['kI?d m] n． 王国；领域
3．chief [t i f] adj． 最重要的；最高级别的
n． (公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby [nI 'baI] adj． 附近的；邻近的
adv． 在附近
5．battle ['b tl] n． 战役；搏斗
vi．& vt． 搏斗；奋斗
6．port [p t] n． 港口(城市)
拓展词汇
7．puzzle ['p zl] n．谜；智力游戏；疑问vt．迷惑；使困惑→puzzled adj．迷惑不解的→puzzling adj．令人迷惑的
8．belong [bI'l ?] vi．应在(某处)；适应→belongings n．财产，所有物
9．defence [dI'fens] n．防御；保卫→defend vt．保护；保卫
10．legal ['li ɡl] adj．法律的；合法的→illegal adj．不合法的
11．surround [s 'ra nd] vt．围绕；包围→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境
12．evidence ['evid ns] n．证据；证明→evident adj．清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的
13．achievement [ 't i vm nt] n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt．完成；达到
14．location [l 'keI n] n．地方；地点；位置→locate vt．位于，坐落于
15．fascinating ['f sIneItI ] adj．极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate vt．使着迷，使神魂颠倒
阅读词汇
16．Confucius [k n'fju s] n． 孔子
17．mansion ['m n n] n． 公馆；宅第
18．philosophy [f 'l s fi] n． 哲学
19．descendant [dI'send nt] n． 后裔；后代；子孙
20．heel [hi l] n． 足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
21．currency ['k r nsi] n． 通货；货币
22．military ['mIl tri] adj． 军事的；军用的
23．conquer ['k ?k (r)] vt． 占领；征服；控制
重点短语
1．join．．．to．．． 把……和……连接或
联结起来
2．break_away_(from_sb．/sth．) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belong_to 属于
4．as_well_as 同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep_your_eyes_open_(for) 留心；留意
6．result_in 导致
7．date_back_to 追溯至
重点句型
1．if条件状语从句的省略形式：So what is the difference between them, if_any(如果有的话)？
2．as well as既……又……，连接并列成分：They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as_well_as_share_the_same_currency_and_military_defence(也拥有同样的货币和国防)．
3．the way后省略that/in which的定语从句：They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the_way_people_built_houses(人们建造房屋的方式)．
Fast reading
Skim the text (P40) and choose the best answer.
1．What is mainly discussed in this passage
A．The history of the United Kingdom．
B．The geography of the United Kingdom．
C．The people of the United Kingdom．
D．The politics of the United Kingdom．
答案：A
2．Read the text and match the main idea of each part．
Part 1(Paras．1－2) A．The history, traditions and culture of the United Kingdom．
Part 2(Para．3) B．The origin of the name of the UK．
Part 3(Paras．4－5) C．The four countries work together in some areas．
答案：BCA
Careful reading
Read the text(P40－41) carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Which invaders influenced London’s language most
A．Anglo Saxons． B．Romans．
C．Normans． D．Vikings．
2．From the passage，we know that ________．
A．all the four countries share the same educational system
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D．in the 19th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK
3．How many countries does the UK consist of
A．Two． B．Three．
C．Four． D．Five．
4．What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable
A．Know the location．
B．Find a company．
C．Find a good guide．
D．Study the history of the country ahead of time．
答案：1－4.ABCD
Study reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text．
1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today为which引导的定语从句代指前面整句话的内容，we have today为定语从句修饰先行词name。
译文：最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，这导致了我们今天有的英国的全名：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK为让步状语从句； who took over at different times throughout history为定语从句修饰先行词people。
译文：几乎无论你走到英国的任何地方，你都会发现历史上有四种不同的人在不同的时期统治过英国。
3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．
eq \a\vs4\al()
该句是一个复合句。该句主句为：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．为原因状语从句；dating all the way back to Roman times为现在分词短语作定语修饰history。
译文：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
阅读理解
A
It was a cold morning, and Eduardo Ortega was nervous．He held a large envelope．In it was his dream．
“This is everything，”he said．“I’ve worked for this since I was a young boy．”
Eduardo remembered the long hours working in the fields, picking strawberries and beans．After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．Although he missed many classes, he became the school’s best student．
One school year, Eduardo wrote an essay(文章) and won a prize—a flying trip to San Francisco．As he flew, he felt free from his life of hard work in the fields．He promised himself not to return to that life．He loved to fly．
This morning, Eduardo caught the school bus and went to school with the envelope．He walked past his classmates and sat down at his desk．He opened the envelope and began reading the letter inside．It was the answer to his application to the state university．It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．
Even though Eduardo worked to help his family, his father always encouraged him to go to school．So, while he worked, he also studied．
Eduardo knew that his dream was his father’s dream, too．His father was a smart man, but he was too poor to go to college．He loved to read, but never had time, because he worked long hours．
Now, as Eduardo read the words，“Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost．One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。男孩家境不好，需要打零工帮助家里维持生计，但他并没有放弃自己的梦想。他坚持学习，通过不懈的努力终于考上了大学，缩短了与梦想的距离。
1．What did Eduardo do when his friends drank coffee or slept
A．He attended classes．
B．He studied and wrote．
C．He worked in the fields．
D．He helped around his home．
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的After the workday, his tired friends drank coffee or slept．Eduardo studied, read, and wrote poetry and short stories．可知，工作结束后，他的朋友们或喝咖啡或睡觉，而他却在学习和写作。
2．What was Eduardo’s dream
A．Becoming a pilot．
B．Becoming a writer．
C．Traveling around the world．
D．Realizing his father’s dream．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的It was also the answer to the beginning of his dream of becoming a pilot．和最后一段中的One day, he would be a pilot, flying every day to all the exciting places in the world．可知，他梦想成为一名飞行员。
3．What was Eduardo’s father’s attitude toward his dream
A．Supportive． B．Unconcerned．
C．Doubtful． D．Unclear．
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的his father always encouraged him to go to school 可知，他父亲鼓励他上学，因此推断出他父亲支持他的梦想。
4．What was in the envelope
A．An invitation to a flying trip．
B．Encouragement from his father．
C．Congratulations from his friends．
D．An admission notice from a university．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的It was the answer to his application to the state university．和最后一段中的as Eduardo read the words, “Congratulations ．．．you have been accepted，” he knew that his dream was not lost可推断，信封里是他所申请的大学发来的录取通知书。
B
Hidden in the mountains of Jordan is the beautiful ancient city of Petra．It lay in ruins for more than a thousand years．
Petra was built in 312 BC by the Nabataeans who were an ancient southern Arab people．They were very skilled at carving(刻)．It is no wonder that this ancient city has so much to offer!
In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．The buildings and the city’s water system were affected．A Swiss explorer，Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, discovered this city of wonders in 1812．Until he discovered Petra, it had been unheard of in the Western world for about 5 centuries!
Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．The ancient city of Petra is also known as the “Rose City”．This is because the rock in which the city is built is a rose red colour．Many of the buildings of Petra have beautiful facades(正面)．Some of the facades have columns(柱) carved into the rock, but they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up．
Petra was built in the middle of the desert, where it hardly ever rained．Luckily, the Nabataeans were very skilled engineers and knew how to live in a hot and dry place．First, they carved channels(渠) to bring water from a nearby spring into the city．Rainwater was also collected in underground channels．The water was then stored．So, even in the long dry months there was enough water for people to use．
Today, Petra is one of the world’s most famous ancient sites and people come from all over the world to visit it．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了古城佩特拉。
5．What do we know about Petra
A．It was built on high mountains．
B．It was a history of five centuries．
C．It was destroyed by earthquakes．
D．It was first visited by westerners in 363．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的In 363 AD, the city suffered from terrible earthquakes that left most of the city damaged．可知，这座古城被地震毁了。
6．Why was the city named “Petra”？
A．Some of it looked rose red．
B．Some of it was filled with roses．
C．Some of it was home to animals．
D．Some of it was built into the rock．
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Petra is the Greek word for stone and this name makes perfect sense because of where the city is located and how some of it is carved into the rock．可知答案。
7．What is the purpose of the columns
A．To beautify the buildings．
B．To support the buildings．
C．To function as gates．
D．To serve as tools．
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的they are for decoration and they don’t actually hold anything up可知，这些柱子没有实际作用，装饰而已。
8．Which word can best describe the Nabataeans
A．Honest． B．Creative．
C．Hard working． D．Well educated．
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，纳巴泰人在沙漠上建起了佩特拉城，并用很智慧的方式解决了沙漠的缺水问题。
完形填空
Kelvin Doe is a child from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．The area is in such __1__shape that the lights only come up once a week．At the age of 10, he started __2__rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts after school．Then he would spend his time __3__ how they work．__4__he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t __5__ Doe’s dream of helping solve the local problems in his community．
At the age of 13, after he tried many times, he finally __6__ a generator(发电机) using materials he had __7__ around the house or from rubbish dumps．From then on, Kelvin Doe became a completely __8__engineer．He then built a radio station by using recycled materials．He reported news and played music under the __9__ of DJ Focus and __10__ his friends as workers in the station．“They call me DJ Focus．I am confident．I always __11__if I focus, I can complete anything seeming to be __12__，” Doe said in a YouTube video．
He had __13__been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．There, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)__14__such a smart boy．David Sengeh, a PhD student at MIT, recognized his amazing __15__right away．“Doe’s story is very __16__．He made a generator because he __17__it，” Sengeh said．“Doe’s __18__ in the YouTube video have had a big __19__ on me and on millions of people all over the world．In Sierra Leone, other young people suddenly feel they can be __20__Doe．” Kelvin was later invited to give a talk at the TEDxTeen in 2012 to Harvard Students．“Creativity can be found in places where one does not expect to find it，”said Kelvin during the talk．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位来自非洲塞拉利昂的名叫Kelvin Doe的小男生通过自学搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且自己当起这个电台的DJ，通过它向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
1．A．attractive B．simple
C．interesting D．bad
D 解析：根据上文中的 ．．．from a very poor district of Freetown, Sierra Leone’s capital city．以及下文中的．．．the lights only come up once a week．可知，这个地区的情况非常“糟糕”。
2．A．mistaking B．designing
C．searching D．exchanging
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，十岁时，Kelvin Doe 开始放学后在垃圾场中“寻找”电子产品的零件。
3．A．studying B．explaining
C．discussing D．considering
A 解析：根据下文中的how they work可知，然后他花时间“研究”这些零件的构造。
4．A．If B．Although
C．Once D．Since
B 解析：根据下文中的he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education, this didn’t ．．．可知，前后两句是让步关系，故用Although。
5．A．show B．wake
C．stop D．mention
C 解析：根据上文中的．．．he was very young and didn’t receive traditional engineering education．．．可知，尽管他很小且没受过传统的工科教育，但是这没有“阻止”他想帮助社区解决当地问题的梦想。
6．A．reused B．created
C．repaired D．mixed
B 解析：根据上下文可知，十三岁时，Kelvin Doe终于“自制”了一台发电机。
7．A．recycled B．divided
C．stolen D．borrowed
A 解析：根据上文中的rubbish dumps(垃圾场) for small electronics parts可知，电池和发电机是用他在家周围或垃圾场“回收”来的材料制成的。
8．A．warm hearted B．easy going
C．hard working D．self taught
D 解析：根据上文中的didn’t receive traditional engineering education可知，Kelvin Doe 完全是一个“自学”成才的工程师。
9．A．action B．guidance
C．control D．name
D 解析：根据下文中的They call me DJ Focus．可知，他用回收的材料搭建了一个无线电台设备，并且以DJ Focus的“名字”向当地社区播放新闻和音乐。
10．A．employed B．served
C．regarded D．treated
A 解析：根据下文中的．．．as workers in the station．可知，他“雇用”他的朋友当电台的工作人员。
11．A．wish B．believe
C．predict D．worry
B 解析：根据上文中的I am confident．可知，Kelvin Doe很自信，并一直“相信”如果自己专注，肯定会完成看似不可能的事情。
12．A．impossible B．imperfect
C．unreasonable D．unfinished
A 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe一直相信如果自己专注，肯定会完成似乎“不可能的”事情。
13．A．already B．just
C．never D．always
C 解析：根据下文中的．．．been more than 10 miles from his home in Freetown until he attended a national invention competition．可知，他“从未”离家超过十英里，直到参加了全国性的发明比赛。
14．A．discovered B．educated
C．saved D．introduced
A 解析：根据语境可知，这场比赛中，麻省理工学院“发现”了这个聪明的男孩。
15．A．suggestions B．skills
C．goals D．experiences
B 解析：根据语境可知，David Sengeh立即看出Kelvin Doe不可多得的“技能”。
16．A．true B．encouraging
C．tragic D．amusing
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，Kelvin Doe的故事非常“鼓舞人心”。
17．A．sold B．researched
C．recognized D．needed
D 解析：根据上文可知，Kelvin Doe自制发电机是因为他“需要”它。
18．A．performances B．advertisements
C．words D．expressions
C 解析：根据上文中的Doe said in a YouTube video以及下文中的．．．in the YouTube video．．．可知，这里指Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的“话”。
19．A．expectation B．impression
C．influence D．pressure
C 解析：根据语境可知，Kelvin Doe在YouTube视频中所说的话对David Sengeh以及全世界千百万的人都有着很大的“影响”。
20．A．beside B．against
C．for D．like
D 解析：根据语境可知，在塞拉利昂，其他年轻人突然觉得他们也可以“像”Kelvin Doe一样。