牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 2 Let's talk teens Grammar and Usage课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
Grammar and Usage
Simple, Compound and Complex Sentences
新牛津译林版高中英语必修一Unit 2 Let’s talk teens
Lead-in
Watch a video. Try to describe the scene!
他们要去和人打架
他们要去和人打架，但是我不知道为什么。
我想知道他们要去和谁打架
Lead-in
他们要去和人打架。
They are going to have a fight with someone.
Lead-in
他们要去和人打架，但是我不知道为什么。
They are going to have a fight with someone, but I don’t know why.
I don't know why they are going to have a fight with someone.
Lead-in
我想知道他们要去和谁打架。
I wonder whom they are going to have a fight with.
The teacher gave a speech.
Many students join school club.
We should develop good study habits.
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
Maggie plans her study carefully.
It’s a lovely day.
I went to a large library yesterday.
Sentence elements
Subject
Verb
Object
Complement
谓语
宾语
补语
Adverbial
状语
Predicative
表语
主语
Attributive
定语
Let’s review
由SV和SVO扩展
Let’s discover
Types of sentences
Simple sentence
Compound sentence
Complex sentence
一、简单句(Simple sentence)：
Types of sentences
E.g. A little bird is singing.
E.g. They all like them.
E.g. My father gives me money.
E.g. Setting goals makes you more confident.
E.g. These habits will be helpful.
S+V
S+V+O
S+V+O+O
S+V+O+OC
S+V+P
句子中只有_______主语（或并列主语）和_______谓语（或并列谓语），句子的各个成分都是由单词和短语充当。
一个
一个
简单句按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1.陈述句: 说明一个事实或陈述一种看法,有肯定句和否定句之分。
She is fond of collecting stamps.
He doesn't want to meet me.
2.疑问句: 提出问题,有以下四种:
(1)一般疑问句
Can you finish the work in time
(2)特殊疑问句
Where do you live
(3)选择疑问句
Do you want tea or coffee
(4)反意疑问句
He doesn't know her, does he
3.祈使句: 提出请求、建议或发出命令。
Sit down, please.
4.感叹句: 表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。
What good news it is!
二、并列句(Compound sentence)：
Types of sentences
E.g.One day John was late,and his teacher was angry.
E.g.The children can go with us,or they can stay at home.
E.g.We didn't win,but we came close.
E.g.It's a small car,yet it's surprisingly spacious.
E.g.I believed her,for she would not lie to me.
E.g.It was still painful,so I went to see a doctor.
and
or
but
yet
or
for
so
simple sentence
simple sentence
a linking word
并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词and, but, or, so等连接起来的较长句子。当用并列句表达思想时，要注意两个并列分句之间没有从属关系，它们是同等重要的独立分句。
1. 表示并列关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：and, both ...and, not only ... but also, as well等；
2. 表示选择关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：or, either ... or, otherwise等；
3. 表示转折和对比关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：but, while, yet, still, however等；
4. 表示因果关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：for, thus, so, therefore等。
Most of the class went on the trip; however, Li Hua stayed at school.
The girls did the dishes; the boys swept the floor.
I enjoy playing tennis, but I hate playing basketball.
It started to rain suddenly, so we stopped planting our trees.
用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）连接
并列分句还可用连接副词或分号来连接。
请判断下列句子是简单句还是并列句。
1. He ran to the bookstore and bought the novel.
2. He gave it to me, and I gave it to John.
3. She doesn’t like the new house and wants to sell it.
4. My brother is the tallest among us, for he is older than us.
简单句
并列句
简单句
并列句
请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。
He was tired, so he went to bed.
1. He was tired. He went to bed.
2. The child hid behind his mother's skirt. He was afraid of the dog.
3. He made a promise. He didn’t keep it.
He made a promise, but He didn’t keep it.
The child hid behind his mother's skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.
三、复合句(Complex sentence)：
Types of sentences
E.g.What I want to explain is this.
E.g.We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult.
E.g.The problem is when we can deal with it.
E.g.I like the cake which you bought yesterday.
E.g.If your problem is a new one,write a post about it.
E.g.I heard the news that our team had won.
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子结构叫复合句(complex sentence)，主句为主体，从句不能独立，只作句子的一个成分。
（从句有：名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句）
复合句与并列句的区别在于，前者有主句和从句之分，而后者没有，分句和分句之间的关系是平等的。连接并列句的词叫并列连词，而连接复合句的词叫从属连词。
复合句与简单句：
复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句
He told me
the news.
宾语
that the match had been cancelled.
when he was leaving for Paris.
how much he was prepared to pay for my car.
宾语从句
He worked
in that factory
three years ago.
地点状语
where his father worked
时间状语
when he
lived there.
名词性从句：
名词性从句在句子中起一个名词的作用。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
e.g. Whatever he said is good enough for us. （作主语）
We all believe what he said.（作宾语）
The problem is who we can get to replace her.（作表语）
The fact that the money has gone doesn’t mean it was stolen.
（作同位语）
状语从句：
e.g. When he got home, he drank a cup of tea. （时间状语）
We must camp in the place where we can get water.（地点状语）
She was late because she missed the early bus.（原因状语）
定语从句：
e.g. I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
指出下列各从句的类型。
I believe that everything is going on well.
She was reading a novel when I came in.
She is the girl who sings best in my class.
宾语从句
状语从句
定语从句
用所给连词连接句子。
1. He has found out. She was late. (why)
He has found out why she was late.
2. I still remember the day. I first went to York on that day. (when)
I still remember the day when I first went to York.
将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。
1. He didn’t come yesterday. He was ill. (原因)
He didn’t come yesterday because he was ill.
2. I’ll give the letter to him. I see him. （时间）
I’ll give the letter to him when I see him.
I’ll give the letter to him as soon as I see him.
I’ll give the letter to him the moment I see him.
3. It is such a big box. Nobody can move it. （结果）
4. We’ll go to the great wall. It’s fine tomorrow. (条件)
5. We should not go there all the time. The place is quite pleasant. (让步)
It is such a big box that nobody can move it.
We’ll go to the great wall if it’s fine tomorrow.
Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.
只有一个主谓结构
一个主句+
一个（以上）从句
简单句+并列连词+简单句
Let’s summarize
A simple sentence is made up of one independent clause which has one subject-verb combination.
A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses. We use linking words such as (1) ________, or, (2) _______, so or for to link the clauses.
Working out the rules
and
but
A complex sentence contains one main clause and at least one subordinate clause. A subordinate clause can be the subject, predicative, object, attributive or adverbial of the sentence.
Working out the rules
A complex sentence
subject
predicative
object
attributive
adverbial
Conclusion 3
one main clause
at least one subordinate clause
Simple sentences
添加标题
Your password should be more than eight letters or numbers. This makes it difficult to guess.
Your password should be more than eight letters or numbers _________ this makes it difficult to guess.
Complex
Compound/
Complex sentences
Tip
try to find the logical relations between sentences
because
reason
result
Posts should not give out personal information. They should not include advertisements.
Posts should not give out personal information ______ they should not include advertisements.
and
Compound
Describe your problems clearly. Other people can understand them easily.
Describe your problems clearly _____ other people can understand them easily.
so
compound
The experts will reply to you. They see your posts.
The experts will reply to you ________they see your posts.
What do you think of our forum Let us know.
Let us know what do you think of our forum.
complex
complex
when
once
as soon as
do
Please point out the types of sentences below.
1.Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.
2.The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
3.Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood.
simple
compound
complex
4.It is our duty to love our country and our environment.
5. Nowadays, websites are springing up, and I will turn to experts from relevant websites for help.
6. I will consult my teachers because they can give me useful and practical advice.
simple
compound
complex
Teresa is talking to her friend Jack about her plete the conversation with the correct linking words in the box below.
and because but how if that unless why
Teresa: I'm under a lot of stress these days (1) ________ my parents are always comparing me with my friends. They’re never satisfied (2) ________ I do better than all my friends --in schoolwork, in hobbies, in everything!
because
unless
Jack: That’s terrible. I can see ( 3) ______ you’re anxious. You should tell your parents (4) _____ you're trying your best. There's no point in comparing you with others all the time. Everyone is unique.
Teresa: I know, (5) ______ my parents don't seem to understand that. (6) ______ they continue like this, I'll lose confidence in myself.
why
that
but
If
and because but how if that unless why
Jack: I think your parents are too strict with you. Don’t take a passive role in the relationship. Talk to them. Let them know (7) _______ you feel. Sometimes, competition can push you to do better. Right now, it's just making you anxious and having a bad influence on your performance.
how
and because but how if that unless why
Teresa: Thank you, Jack. I'll try talking to my parents.
Jack: Cheer up, Teresa. They'll understand
(8) ______ everything will turn out all right!
and
and because but how if that unless why
1. ...My parents are always comparing me ______ my friends.
2. There's no point in __________ (compare) you with others all the time.
3. I think your parents are too strict ______ you.
4. Don't take a passive role _____ the relationship.
5. I'll lose ___________ (confident) in myself.
6. Sometimes, ___________ (compete) can push you to do better.
7. Right now, it's just making you anxious and having a bad
influence _________ your performance.
Read and complete the following sentences:
with
comparing
with
in
confidence
competition
on/upon
compare A with B比较
compare A to B 比喻
comparison n. 比较
compared with/to 与...相比
There is no point (in) doing
做某事没有意义
be strict with sb. in sth.
对某人某事严格
play/take a ... role in...
在...扮演角色/起作用
have/lose confidence in...
有信心/失去信心
compete v. 竞赛 竞争
competition n. 竞赛 竞争
competitor n.竞赛者
competitive adj.竞争性的
have an effect/influence/ impact on/upon...
对...有影响
Read Teresa and Jack’s conversation again and try to find out:
She feels under a lot of stress because her parents are always comparing her with her friends in everything.
Teresa’s problem
Jack’s advice
He suggests that Teresa should talk with her parents and let them know her feelings.
Practice: P64 C —— Join simple sentences to form a compound or complex sentence:
1. Mary was ill. She was absent from school.
2. He graduated from college. He set up a company of his own.
3. I grew older. I become interested in designing clothes.
Mary was absent from school because she was ill .
After he graduated from college, he set up a company of his own.
As I grew older, I become interested in designing clothes.
Mary was ill so she was absent from school.
4. Why did he make the decision I struggled to understand the reason.
5. You don’t hurry up. We’ll miss the train.
6. You take action immediately. You are likely to succeed.
7. I am on a diet. I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
8. It turned out to be a lovely day. We decided to go out for a walk.
I struggled to understand (the reason) why he make the decision.
If you take action immediately, you are likely to succeed.
Though/Although I am on a diet, I find it hard to completely stay away from chocolate.
If you don’t hurry up, we’ll miss the train.
It turned out to be a lovely day, so we decided to go out for a walk.
提 升 练 习
1. English has hurt me a thousand times, but
I still regard it as my first love.
Practice: 分析句子结构
2. You can't have a better tomorrow if you're still thinking about yesterday.
(
)
主谓宾 + but + 主谓宾宾补
主谓宾 + if 状语从句(主谓宾)
compound sentence
complex sentence
3. Sometimes you will never know the true value of a moment until it becomes a memory.
4. Attempt doesn't necessarily bring success, but giving up definitely leads to failure.
主谓宾 + never... until 状从(主系表)
主谓宾 + but + 主谓宾
(
)
complex sentence
compound sentence
5. The best preparation for tomorrow is doing your best today.
6. Dear Daddy, I may find a prince someday, but you will always be my king.
主系表
主谓宾 + but + 主系表
simple sentence
compound sentence
7. The best color in the whole world, is the one that looks good on you!
8. Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
主系表+ that定语从句(主系表)
Whatever主语从句(主系表) + 系表
(
)
(
)
complex sentence
complex sentence
9. Dream is what makes you happy, even when you are just trying.
10. The most important thing in life is not how long you will live, but whom you are living with.
主系 + what表语从句(主谓宾宾补)
+ when状语从句(主谓)
主系 + not表语从句(主谓)
+ but表语从句(主谓宾)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
complex sentence
complex sentence
1. Preview Page 21 (B Applying the rules)
2. Finish Page 64 part C
Homework