牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
Unit 3
Getting along with others
Grammar and usage
Situation
Pay attention to the sentences.
关系词who/which/that
引导的定语从句
Now let's read more examples.
Below is a magazine article on friendship in the modern age. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article.
that/ which
who/ that
that
whose
P34
Observing for rules
Lead-in
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
形容词
名词
介词短语
不定式
现在分词
过去分词
定语
What is attributive(定语)
修饰、限定和说明名词或代词的词是定语。
除了形容词可以充当定语之外，名词，代词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等也可充当定语。
定语由一个单词修饰时，通常前置。由词组或句子修饰时，后置。
We can stay in touch with the people that
we want to remain friends with.
在复合句中，主句中的名词和代词可以由从句来修饰。这种用来修饰主句中的名词和代词的从句就叫做定语从句。
定语从句
Focus on
基本含义和用法
antecedent 先行词
relative pronoun
关系代词
定语从句
修饰
1. I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.
2. I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.
3. Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.
4. Most of the students whom he taught have become his friends.
5. Neil Armstrong is the person who made people around the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.
常见的关系代词有______,______,_______,
________和________ ，常在从句中充当_______,________和________。
which that who whom whose
主语 宾语 定语
David is a kind person. He always helps others.
David is a kind person who always helps others.
subject
关系代词在定语从句中可充当一定的句子成分。
He
It used to be a small town. It is no longer a small town.
It is no longer the small town that it used to be.
a small town
predicative
who
that
I like the gift. He got the gift for me.
I like the gift which he got for me.
object
the gift
He is a great boy. His name will be remembered.
He is a great boy whose name will be remembered.
attribute
His
which
whose
1. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾
语，做宾语时常可省略。
1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
2) He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
3) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4) The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
2. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指
物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作
主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this
morning
2) The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.
3) The season that/which comes after spring is summer.
4) Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia.
3. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语
可省略）
1) The boys who are playing football are
from Class One.
2) A person who steals things is called a
thief.
4. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如
介词提前则不能省)
1) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr.
Li.
2) The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
who和whom
who和whom都用于指代人，who往往可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom，但who的前面不能有介词，如果带介词必须用whom，即“介词+whom”。
who
whom
5. whose在定语从句中做定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose既可指人，也可指物。
1)He has a friend whose father is a
doctor.
2)The classroom whose door is broken
will soon be repaired.
3)Do you like the book whose cover is
yellow
1. 只用who不用that的情况
1)Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
2)Those who learn not only from books but also
through practice will succeed.
There is a young man who wants to see you.
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
①先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one, ones，
anyone, no one等和those时
②在there be结构中，先行词指人时
③一个句子带有两个定语从句且先行词都指人
时，若其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,
另一个用who。
1)We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
2)This is all that I can say about it.
3)Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.
1)This is the very bus that I'm waiting for.
2)The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.
①先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等
②当先行词被the only, the very, any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, just等词修饰时。
2. 只用that不用which的情况
1)This is the best way that has been used against pollution.
2)This is the most fantastic story that I've ever heard.
1)This is the third time that they have met.
2)The train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
3)What is the first American film that you have seen
③先行词是形容词最高级或有形容词最高级修饰时
④先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词或the last修饰时
1)He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited.
2)Do you remember the secientist and his theory that we have learned
Edition built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑤先行词既有人又有物时
⑥有两个定语从句且先行词都指物时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用that
找出下列复合句中只能用that，不用which连接的定语从句（√）
1. In China, parents always do everything ___ they can to
support their children.
2. This is the place ___ we visited yesterday.
3. It was the largest map ___ I ever saw.
4. This is the last thing ___ I want to do.
5. He was looking pleasantly at the children and
parcels ___ filled his bus.
6. Chatting is the only thing ___ interests her most.
√
√
√
√
√
(1) 紧跟介词作宾语
There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3) 作定语
He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.
一般用which而不用that的情况：
Explore the rules
Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article on page 34.
A real friend is someone who walks in…
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self…
…not just the face that we show to the world.
…the modern tools that keep us connected…
…the friends whom we love.
…the values which matter most to us.
…the connection which we share.
先行词可以是人也可以是物
The boy who broke the window is Tom.
He is the man who we are waiting for.
This is the teacher whom we like best.
Observe and think--who and whom
who指人，充当从句主语和宾语，
whom指人，只充当从句宾语(可以省)。
宾语
主语
宾语
Observe and think--that and which
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man that I told you about.
He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.
Is this the library from which you borrow books
that 指人或物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）
which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，若介词提前则不可省）
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
Observe and think--whose
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
The girl whose hair is golden is Amy.
The girl of whom the hair is golden is Amy.
whose 表示先行词与whose后的名词为所属关系。
可指人或物，可与of which/whom 互换。
主句
从句
= the book’s
从句
= the girl’s
A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun, pronoun or noun phrase before it. We use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.
We use (1)________ for things, and (2) ________ and whom for people. We can use (3) _______for both things and people. We use (4) _________ to show possession.
which
who
that
whose
Working out the rules
1.The hospital __________was built five years ago has
been modernized.
2.This is the boy _______father died three years ago.
3.The film __________we saw the day before yesterday is
very interesting.
4.Do you know the student ________was praised at the
meeting
5.Here are players from Japan, some of _______are our old
friends.
Practice makes perfect
which/that
whose
which/that
who/that
whom
6. I sat next to a girl ________ name was Diana.
7. I loved the lessons __________ she gave in English Literature.
8. Some of the cities in China __________ he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing.
9. Most of the students ______ he taught have become his friends.
10. Neil Armstrong is the person ______ made people around
　 the world realize that space exploration was truly possible.
whose
(which/that)
(which/that)
whom
who
The plane is a machine.
The machine can fly.
The plane is a machine that can fly.
定语从句
先行词
Observing and Summarizing
关系词
Observing and Summarizing
Peppa Pig is a cartoon.
It is popular with children worldwide.
Peppa Pig is a cartoon which is popular with children.
定语从句
Observing and Summarizing
He is a popular singer.
His song is popular among young people.
He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people.
Answer
1. Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow.
2. Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open.
3. Friendships are like flowers which/that need to be taken good care of.
Applying the rules
4. A relationship with a true friend (whom/that/who) you can count on will surely produce fruit.
5. To make friends, you should help others the way (in which/that) you have been helped.
the way做先行词时，引导词可用 in which, that 或 不填
Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative clauses.
课本练习
P35 B1
which many friendships grow from
whose communication is warm and open
which/that need to be taken
good care of
who/ that/ whom you
can count on
in which others help you
The passage below is about friendship in a great plete the passage with correct relative pronouns where necessary.
that /which
whose
who/ that
which/ that/省略
which
who/ that/ whom/ 省略
who/ that
Check your answers!
P35 B2
1. In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020全国卷III)
2. The students benefitting most from college are those __________ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources(资源). (2019北京)
3. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___________ gives off light in the dark.
(2019浙江语言运用)
4. In the café, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019全国卷III短文改错)
实战高考
who/that
which/ that
that/which
whose
5. (2018·新课标I卷) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________ showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
6. (2018·新课标II卷) The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program ___________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
7. (2018·浙江卷) Many westerners __________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
that/which
that/which
who/that
Review
本课时涉及的要点是以that, which, who, whom和whose引导的定语从句的用法。
通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代词。
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
关系代词的用法
人；物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
可省
不可省
注: 另附 word 文档。
点击此处链接
Individual activity
1. Where’s the man ______ car was trapped in the mud
2. The new teacher __________will teach us
English this term comes from Canada.
3. Finally he reached a lonely island
_________ was completely cut off from the
outside world.
4. He said Beijing was the first city ________
he had visited in China.
Quiz I: 用适当的关系代词填空。
whose
who/that
which/that
that/ 省略
5. Jackson likes the bike _______________ his
uncle gave him as a birthday gift.
6. The boy ______ parents are teachers is my
classmate.
7. Lucy called her brother ______________
_____ she hadn't seen for five years.
8. It is the most interesting story _________ I have ever heard.
that/ which / 省略
whose
that/whom/who
that/省略
/省略
1. Anyone should be punished. She / He breaks the law.
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2. Is this the boy The boy won first prize in the competition.
Is this the boy who / that won first prize in the competition
Quiz II: 合并下列句子。
3. Are you interested in the book The book was written by a famous writer.
Are you interested in the book that / which was written by a famous writer
4. Robert is a lawyer. The lawyer often helps those poor people.
Robert is a lawyer who / that often helps those poor people.
5. I know the doctor. His daughter studies abroad.
I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.
6. My daughter works for the company. The company was founded in 2002.
My daughter works for the company that/which was founded in 2002.
1. She is a famous actress, whose play is on play recently.
2. She played in the play called The biography of Zhen Huan, which made her more popular.
non-restrictive attributive clauses
1.非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用“，”隔开。
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句
2.非限定性定语从句中可用which代替前面整句，不可用that，关系词不可省。
He failed in the final exam, which made his father very angry.
2. She came back to China, which surprised me a lot.
as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。当表示“正如”含义时，用as，否则用which。
e.g.
She has married again, _______ was expected.
She has married again, _______ was unexpected.
He claimed that he can speak seven languages, _______ is not true.
as
which
which
2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句,可以位于主句的前面、中间、后面，一般用逗号和主句隔开；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
as 的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如：
1．as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的
2．as is well known/as we all know/as is known to us all 众所周知
3．as is/was expected 不出所料，正如预料的那样
4．as is often the case 情况常常是这样
_____________(众所周知), China is a developing country.
As we all know
He was late again, _______________________________(那让老师很失望).
which made the teacher disappointed
(1)The boy has as much progress, _______________(正如所预料的那样).
(2) _________________(每个人都知道),China is a beautiful country with a long history .
(3)____________________________________________________(众所周知), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.
(4)_________________, solving one problem can cause or uncover another. 然而情况常常是这样，解决一个问题往往会导致或揭示其他问题。
(5)This is my favorite pen, _______ I bought yesterday.

(6)The boy is very polite, _______ makes his parents happy.
As we all know/As is well known /As is known to us all
as was expected
As everyone knows
which
which
PRACTICE
As is often the case
Attention:
在限制性定语从句中，as多和such，the same，so，as 连用，构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, as…as，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
She told me the same story as she had told you.
He is so great a painter as ever lived.
He is so great a painter that we will never forget him.
PRACTICE
He is such a good teacher _______we all respect him.
He is such a good teacher _______we all respect.
Last term our English teacher set so difficult examination problems _____ none of us worked out.
Last term our English teacher set so difficult examination problems _____ none of us worked them out.
that
as
as
that
Comparison
名称 意义 结构要求 功能 引导词
限制性定语从句( Restrictive Attributive Clause) 起限定作用。指特定的人或物，不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号 修饰先行词 关系代词、关系副词（作宾语时可省略）
非限制性定语从句(Non-restrictive Attributive Clause) 仅作补充或说明，若省略掉，原句句意也是完整的 用逗号与主句隔开 修饰先行词或整个主句 只用关系代词或关系副词，一般不用that
1. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling,_______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
2. You were very impolite to him, for _______ you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D.that
3.. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B.that C. where D. it
4. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him.
A. which B.that C. where D. it
5. Eric received training in computer for one year, ________he found a job in a big company.
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
1.在定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们可以用介词+which/whom来引导定语从句
Is that the girl to whom you lend your bicyle （指人，用介词+whom）
English is the subject in which I am most interested. （指物，用介词+which）
2.介词该如何确定？
根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词习惯搭配来确定
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.
This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure.
根据先行词的某种习惯来确定
I remember the day on which I joined the League.
I remember the days during which I lived here.
I remember the month in which I stayed here.
根据所表达的意思来确定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
PRACTICE
The boy ___________I went to the cinema last weekend is my best friend.
Is this the car ___________you paid a high price
Tomorrow is a particular day ___________ his daugther will get married.
We can't live without the sun ___________ we get heat and light.
This is the gold diamond __________ I spent all my money.
with whom
for which
on which
from which
on which
Attention:
1.若介词至于定语从句中时，作宾语的关系代词代人可用who/whom/that/省略， 代物可用which/that/省略，若将介词提至关系代词前时，代人只用whom,代物只用which.
Do you know the singer (who/whom/that) they are talking about
Do you know the singer about whom they are talking
2.有些“动词+介词”的固定搭配不可把介词至于关系代词前，如look for, look after, look up, look into, look forward to, take care of, live in, be interested in
This is he right tape for which I'm looking.
This is the right tape which I'm looking for.
√
3.表示所属关系时，应该用“of +which/whom”
注意：of+which/whom+the+n.或the+n+of which/whom 等于whose+n
He went there with a man whose son was a driver.(=the son of whom)
We came up to the house whose window was broken.(=the window of which)
4.the way 为先行词且在定语从句中充当方式状语时，通常由 in which或that 引导，而且可以省略。
The way (that /in which) he answered the questions was surprising.
I don't like the way (that/in which) you spoke to her.
This is the way (that/in which) he used to solve the problem.
(that/which)
关系副词：
关系词 先行词所指 关系词在句中作用
关系代词 that 人/物 主, 宾, 表
which 物 主, 宾
who 人 主, 宾
whom 人 宾
whose 人/物 定
as 人/物/事情 主, 宾, 表
关系副词 when 时间 时间状语
where 地点 地点状语
why 原因 原因状语
先行词是时间并且在定语从句中作时间状语，也可以转换成“in/at/on/
during....+which”
常见先行词: time, moment,day,season,year 等
I will always remember the day when/on which I first uesd e-mail to send mesages to my friend aboad.
I regretted the evenings when/during which I had played computer games instead of studing.
when
关系代词的基本用法：
PRACTICE
1st July, 1997 is the day ______________Hong kong returned to China.
1st July, 1997 is a day _____________we'll never forget.
I remember the days__________________I lived here.
I remember the month _____________I stayed here.
when/on which
(which/that)
during which/when
in which/when
先行词是地点并且在定语从句中作地点状语，也可以转换成“in/at/on/....
+which”
常见先行词: place,house,city,country,world,case,occasion,point,dream,situation,system,
position,stage,condition 等
Can you fine a place _______________we can have a birthday party for Sarah
The meeting _________________ he offered his suggestions lasted two hours.
The birthday is the occasion ________________ you wear the evening dress.
where
where / in which
where / at which
where / in which
先行词是原因并且在定语从句中作原因状语，也可以转换成for which
We all know the reason why/for which she was late for work today.
I should like to know the reason that/which you changed the plan.
The reason why/for which he talked about is good.
why
(why/for which)
(that/which)
I know the village where Liming lives in.
The man whom I spoke is from Canda.
July1,1999 is the day when we'll never forget.
I don't like the way which you talked to your friend.
I'm going to work in the hospital where needs me.
A person whom e-mail account is full won't be able to send or receive any e-mails.
Life is like a long race that we competewith others to go beyond ourselves.
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think it is of great importance to science.
男生女生向前冲
(that/which) Li Ming lives in
to whom I spoke is from Canda
(which/that) we'll never forget
in which/that you talked to your friend
which/that needs me
whose
where
is
1.I don't know the reason ________you were absent from the meeting, but I'm sure someone will tell me the reason _____you haven't told me.
A. why;why B. that;why C.why;that D.that;that
2.The doctor _____is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to C. who the nurse is talking
3.The patients ______all look happy and healthy.
A. after whom the nurses look B. after that the nurses look
C. whom the nurses look after D. whom the nurses look
4. We still remember the days _____ we spent together in the past.
A. that B. where C.what D. when
5. The factory _______ the students visited last week is the one ____my father once worked.
A. which;that B. where;in which C. where;which D. which;where
男生女生向前冲
Below is part of a magazine article about sleep problems. Read it carefully and try to underline the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article.
attributive clauses introduced by ___________________
relative pronouns
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『
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『
attributive clause
introduced by __________________
relative adverbs
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『
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『
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We have learned attributive clauses introduced by relative pronouns in the last unit.
Now let's learn attributive clauses introduced by relative adverbs.
Write a short passage on friendship using the restrictive relative clauses.
In pairs, describe a friend of yours using restrictive relative clauses. Use the examples below to help you. (P35 B3)
Finish the exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English.
Homework