牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good Grammar and usage课件(共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
Grammar
学习目标
1
2
3
understand the meanings of restrictive relative clauses
with relative adverbs
summarize the general rules of restrictive relative
clauses with relative adverbs
apply restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs to
specific situations
基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who, whom, that
which, that
whose
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
归纳总结
做题技巧
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
Let's share some Chinese songs and try to complete the attributive clauses in their English version by using proper relative words.
Challenge yourself
导入
1.黄品源《小薇》有一个美丽的小女孩，她的名字叫做小薇。
There is a beautiful girl_______ name is Xiaowei.
whose
导入
2.梁静茹《宁夏》那是个宁静的夏天，你来到宁夏的那一天。
That's the quiet summer ______you came to Ningxia .
when
导入
3.蔡依林《爱情三十六计》爱是一种奇妙的东西，会让人突然不能呼吸。
Love is a wonder __________takes my breath away.
which/that
导入
4.S.H.E手不是手，是温柔的宇宙，我这个小星球就在你手中转动。
Your hand is a tender universe in ______ I'm turning around.
which
导入
5.陈小春《算你狠》你要学学那个屡战屡败的陈小春......
You'd better learn from Chen,______ keeps fighting no matter how many times he loses.
who
导入
6.阿杜《哈罗》我想要说的全都写在眼里面。
All ________ I want to say is written in my eyes.
that
导入
7.王心凌《睫毛弯弯》大风吹吹什么,吹一见钟情的人。
The strong wind is blowing at those ______ fall in love at the first sight.
who
导入
8.潘玮柏《不得不爱》可是你给我的爱让我养成了依赖。
The love ___________ you give me makes me rely on you.
which/that
导入
9.谢霆锋《黄种人》从来没有医不好的伤。
There is never a wound ______ cannot be cured.
that
导入
10.梁静茹《丝路》我将眼泪流成天山上面的湖，让你疲惫时能够扎营停驻。
I will turn my tears into a lake,by_______ you can camp when tired.
which
导入
The relative adverb关系副词 where refers to指的是 a place, the relative adverb when refers to(1)____________, and the relative adverb why refers to(2)__________________.
In more formal正式的 English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced替代 by “preposition介词+(3)relative pronouns.关系代词”
“Working out the rules”P48
time
a reason
关系代词作介词宾语，当介词前置时，只能用 ______ 指人，______指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
1. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking =
Do you know the boy ________________ she was talking to
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
who/whom/that/省
whom
which
关系词
关系
代词
关系
副词
who whom
that which
whose as
when
where
why
1
关系副词
当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语时，应使用关系副词when，where，why。
还有一个万能关系副词that.
状语是一种用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或全句的词，说明时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
关系副词的作用
指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。
在从句中充当句子成分-状语。
连接：把主句和定语从句连接起来。
关系副词 修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词 地点状语
why 原因名词 原因状语
that time,place,reason,way 时间、地点、原因、方式状语
when
when 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如time， moment，month，day，year 等，在定语从句中作时间状语。
Do you remember the day when he was born 你记得他出生的日子吗？
We don’t know the exact time when he will return. 我们不知道他将要回来的确切日期。
where
where 引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如school， house，place等；也包括抽象的地点position、stage；隐形的地点：news，story，words在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where he was born. 这座房子就是他出生的地方。
Can you think of a situation where the phrase can be used 你能想出一个可以使用这个词组的场合吗？
why
why引导的定语从句修饰的先行词是表示原因的词，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Tell me the reason why you were angry yesterday. 告诉我你昨天生气的原因。
that
that是一个多功能词，它可以用作关系副词引导定语从句，修饰表示时间（time）、地点（place）、原因（reason）、方式（way）。that作关系副词时，相当于when，where，why，“介词+which”，而且一般可以省略。
表示时间时，that相当于when或“介词+which”，可省略。
I still remember the time (that/when/in which)I helped my father on the farm.
我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的那段岁月。
表示地点时，that相当于where或“介词+which”，可省略。
I have never been to the place(that/where/in which) the Americans live.
我从未到过那些美国人居住的地方。
表示原因时，that相当于why或for which，可省略。
The reason （that/why/for which）he lost his life was lack of medical care.
他的死是由于医疗护理的缺乏。
表示方式时，that相当于in which，可省略。
Can you work out a way (that/in which)we can solve this problem
你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗？
不能用how引导定语从句！how从不引导定语从句。
做题技巧
判：判断从句成分结构是否完整。
句子不完整：缺少主、宾、表、定用关系代词；
句子完整：只是缺少状语用关系副词。
找：看主句，找先行词，指人还是指物。
看：①看是否有特殊情况；
②看定语从句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词后无宾语，用关系代词，不及物动词则用关系副词。
举个
This is the factory ___________I visited last year.
(从句缺少宾语，故用关系代词；先行词是物，可选用that/whic;无特殊情况，两个都可以选。)
This is the factory_________he used to work.
（从句句意完整，故用关系副词；the factory是地点，故用where。）
We’ll never foget the day________we work(不及物动词)in the village.
We’ll never forget the day____________we spent(及物动词) in the village.
that/which
where
when
that/which
关系代词作介词宾语，不论是在 限制性定语从句中，还是在非限制性定语从句中，当介词前置时，只能用 ______ 指人，______指物；但如果介词______，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
whom
which
后置
1 Do you know the boy to whom she was talking =
Do you know the boy __________ she was talking to
2.The pencil (which / that) he was writing with suddenly broke. =
The pencil ___________ he was writing suddenly broke.
that/whom/-
with which
II. 介词的选用原则
根据定语从句中
谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。
①This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan.
②This is the book for which I paid 8 yuan.
spend money on sth.为固定搭配
pay money for sth.为固定搭配
2)根据
先行词的搭配习惯来决定。
①I remember the day on which I joined the League.
②I remember the days during which I lived here.
③I remember the month in which I stayed there.
强调在具体某一天要用介词on
强调在某几天时间内要用介词during
在month前介词要用in
3) 根据从句中动词与先行词的_________。
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles
write sth for
4) 根据从句中形容词的__________。
Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m not sure？
be sure about
逻辑关系
习惯搭配
补充： 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 。
①This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
②The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
1. Do you like the book _________ she spent $10
2. Do you like the book ________ she paid $10
on which
Use proper prepositions and relative pronouns to fill in the blanks.
for which
Practice one
3. Do you like the book __________ she learned a lot
4. Do you like the book ______________she often talks
5. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______ is the Yellow River.
from which
about/of which
of which
6. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.
7. This is the book _____ I am looking for.
8. The sun gives us light and heat, which we can’t live.
to whom
which
without
1.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as
C. about which D. with whom
Practice two
2. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ______ five are mine.
A. on which B. in which
C. of which D. from which
“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：
①He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。
②In the basket there are quite many apples,
＿＿＿＿＿＿＿(=＿＿＿＿＿＿＿) have gone bad.
篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。
③There are forty students in our class in all,
＿＿ ＿＿＿(=＿＿＿＿＿＿＿) are from big cities.
我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。
some of which
of which some
most of whom
of whom most
④Up to now, he has written ten stories,
________________ (=_________________) are
about country life.
迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。
three of which
of which three
C: Tomorrow is a particular day his daughter will get married.
D: I went back to the place _________ I was born and grew up.
A:I’ll never forget the day which she said good-bye to me.
B: Who can give me the reason which he hasn’t turned up yet
on
for
when
why
on which
when
in which
where
1.定语从句中关系副词有？
2.关系副词在定语从句中作？语
3.关系副词when, where和why也可用“？+which”来代替，要注意其先行词（名词）与介词的合理搭配。
when =“at/in/during…+which”
where =“in/at/on…+which”
why =“for + which”
4 并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时不是都用when, where, why，应视？？
(还原法)---如果先行词代入从句中不需要加介词用关系代词，需要额外加介词用关系副词。
I still remember the day ________ I came here.
2. I still remember the day _____ I came here.
3. I still remember the day ____________ we spent together.
on which
when
(which/that)
I went to the place ________ we worked ten years ago.
2. I went to the place ______ we worked ten years ago.
3. I went to the place ___________ we visited ten years ago.
at which
where
(which/ that)
This is the reason ______________ he was late.
2.This is the reason ____________ he explained to me.
3. This is the reason__________ can explain his being late.
why / for which
(which / that)
which / that
思考
是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替
1.The painting (________ I looked) was painted by me.
2.The book (___________ I heard) was written twenty years ago.
at which
about which
3.The pen (__________ she wrote that book) can now be seen in a museum.
4.Kunming is a beautiful place ( _____________) flowers are seen all the year round.
5.Yesterday we went to visit the house ( _____________ ) the great writer used to live.
with which
where/in which
where/in which
6. I will never forgot the day (_____________ ) I first met you on the ship. 7. The film (____________I fell asleep) was very boring.
结论：只有当 “介词+关系代词”充当？时，才能用关系副词代替。
on which/when
during which
Practice:
1. I know the reason _____________ he came late.
2. Do you know the woman, ________son went to college last year
3. The house _______ color is red is John’s.
4. This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.
5. That’s the town _____________ he worked in 1987.
why/for which
whose
whose
(that)
where/in which
6.Those who ________ to go to the cinema must
be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)
7. He who _______________ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)
8. She is the only one of the girls who ______ been to Beijing. (have)
9. He is one of the boys who ______ seen the film. (have)
10. The shop __________ I bought the book in is big.
want
doesn’t reach
has
have
(which/that)
11 The shop ______ I bought the book is big.
12 The shop __________ I bought the book in is big.
13 The shop _________ is located nearby my house is big.
14 The reason ___________ he was late is unkown.
15 The reason __________ he told me for his absence is not true.
where
which/that
why/for which
(which/that)
(which/that)
16.Who is the comrade ____ was there
17. There is a bed in the room ____is still empty.
18.He paid the boy $10 forwashing the windows most of ________hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.
19 This is the 2nd article _________ I have
written in English.
20 This is the very book ________I want to read.
that
that
which
that
that
特殊的先行词
the way:作为先行词在定语从句中
作方式状语时，关系词可以用that/ in which或省略；
作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which或省略
1 The way he thought of to solve the problem is a clever one.
A how B that C in which D in that
B
2 I don’t like the way you laugh at her.
A which B that C in that D what
3 What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.
A the way B in the way that
C in the way D the way which
4 Please tell me the way _______________ you did the job.
B
A
(that/in which/-)
1）若直接还原，用which 或that(宾语时还可省略) + 定从
2）若充当定从的“状语”时（还原时接额外加介词），用where + 定从.
The situation ___________________the students designed for the play proved a success.
which/
that/省略
2) situation/condition/position/point/case/business/stage/
The situation ___________the students acted the play proved a success.
where
1 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A when B that C where D which
2 I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A why B that C where D which
C
C
3 This is the point they stuck to.
A when B that C where D why
4 I think we’ve got to the point a change is needed otherwise you will fail.
A when B that C where D which
5 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situation help is needed.
A when B that C where D which
B
C
C