湖南省怀化市洪江市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（本题共15小题，每题 2 分，共30分）
阅读理解
I came across quite a few language problems while spending a holiday with my family last summer. The most embarrassing was when my Mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her "pants were dirty". They looked at her in surprise, not knowing how to react. You see, Mom had fallen over and gotten mud on her jeans. But in Britain, "pants" means underpants or knickers (内裤；衬裤), not trousers as it does back home.
Katie — From America
I went to stay with a friend on the west coast last summer. Her flat was on the first floor of a high-rise building so I got the lift up. Then I wandered round for ages looking for her flat but couldn't find it. Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor.
David — From Britain
When I asked for the "restroom" in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and "rest". It took me years to get through to (使……明白) someone that I only wanted the toilet!
Tom — From America
1．Hearing Katie's mother's words, Katie's friends were in surprise because ____.
A．Katie's mother got mud on her jeans
B．they mistook pants for underpants
C．Katie's mother's underpants were dirty
D．they didn't understand British English
2．David went out to find a phone box to ____.
A．phone his friend for help
B．phone the police for help
C．tell his friend he couldn't visit her
D．apologize for his being late
3．When Tom asked for the "restroom", the people around him thought ____.
A．he wanted to go to bed
B．he wanted to go to the toilet
C．he wanted to have a rest
D．he wanted to go to a department store
阅读理解
They say that "travel is the best teacher" and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming Dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xu's father died and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.
But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.
So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming Kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his journeys.
Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
B．The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
C．The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
D．The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
5．Which of the following best describes Xu's mother
A．Strict but interesting. B．Supportive and open-minded.
C．Helpful and hardworking. D．Kind but uneducated.
6．Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels
A．It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.
B．It helped him to save money and travel for a longer time.
C．It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people.
D．It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.
7．What is true about Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake
A．It was the first travel book ever written in China.
B．It made Xu very famous during his lifetime.
C．It was only made public after Xu died.
D．It was mainly about the different people of China.
阅读理解
As much as I love watching Olympic diving, I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive. They're already wet. They're only in the pool for a handful of seconds, so it's not like they need to get cleaned up. And doesn't taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub
Actually, that's what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance of warm-ups and cool-downs. So, what's the actual reason
As it turns out, showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool. However, there is a need for both. First, let's start with why divers need to take a shower between dives. It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed. As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up (痉挛), which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.
In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched. The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time, and they're especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes between dives. Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm, Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose. If you ask me, it's not a bad way to pass the time!
8．What does the underlined word "proceed" in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Continue. B．Fail. C．Stop. D．Afford.
9．Why do the athletes need showers after diving
A．To fully clean their body.
B．To stop themselves from catching a cold.
C．To rest and wait for the results.
D．To avoid possible muscle injuries.
10．What does the last paragraph suggest
A．Hot tubs are as important as showers for divers.
B．Athletes usually do some activities to pass the time.
C．Olympic swimmers need to stay warm using hot tubs.
D．The shower walls are designed for divers in the final round.
11．What is the author's purpose in writing this text
A．To provide some diving advice for us.
B．To compare cold showers with the hot bath.
C．To explain some little-known knowledge about divers.
D．To tell us the difference between diving and swimming.
阅读理解
Here is a surprising and important fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds funny. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired
Some scientists find that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, "The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare (罕见的)." Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He says, "One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems."
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired Joy Satisfaction No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
12．What did the scientists discover a few years ago
A．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue.
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's week.
C．The brain could work for many hours without tiredness.
D．We could hardly find fatigue toxins in a laborer's blood.
13．In the author's opinions, sitting workers feel tired because of ____.
A．difficult work B．endless tasks
C．physical labor D．unpleasant emotions
14．What's the best title of this passage
A．Have some good food B．Enjoy the work
C．Exercise regularly D．Discover fatigue toxins
15．Which topic will be discussed in the following part of the passage
A．How to deal with hard work. B．How to take away nervousness.
C．How to work well and swiftly. D．How to get much satisfaction.
二、七选五（本题共5小题，每题 2 分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to be at the top of your class Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!
16． I cannot stress (强调) enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.
Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every word your teacher says but write down what he writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 17． This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.
Don't skip school (逃学). You will be missing out on stuff. 18． However, you will have more work because you have missed lectures. Also, try not to be late for class. It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.
19． If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to offer you extra credit (学分). The same goes for a lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.
Always ask questions. 20． If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.
A. Be prepared.
B. Write in your own words.
C. Staying organized will be helpful.
D. Keep a good attitude toward things.
E. There is no shame in needing some help.
F. It is true that you could make up the work.
G. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.
三、完形填空（本题共15小题，每题 1 分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces. We stood still without 21． any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was 22． most high schools give to new Senior One students—military training. We 23． four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn't go home at night and the training was 24． and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant (教官) with a funny accent was a real 25． of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and 26． him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that 27． and sweat were not the only things that military training 28． .
After this journey, we were more 29． than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had 30． . Girls who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Boys who were being punished 31． to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout 32． than other classes.
Military training taught us perseverance (坚持不懈) and determination. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be 33． on our faces. We shouted so loud that our 34． could be heard across the heavens. With eyes like burning torches (火炬), we walked into the future. Now the sun is 35． at all of us.
21．A． crying B． making C． sending D． telling
22．A． nothing B． anything C． something D． everything
23．A． wasted B． spent C． kept D． took
24．A． strict B． curious C． interesting D． normal
25．A． success B． pleasure C． worry D． wonder
26．A． referred to B． devoted to
C． turned to D． listened to
27．A． sunlight B． wealth C． desire D． health
28．A． received B． helped C． offered D． happened
29．A． concerned B． determined C． interested D． surprised
30．A． expected B． expressed C． disliked D． rescued
31．A． escaped B． moved C． rode D． rushed
32．A． larger B． stronger C． louder D． lower
33．A． seen B． heard C． smelt D． touched
34．A． thoughts B． feelings C． opinions D． voices
35．A． travelling B． falling C． setting D． smiling
四、语法填空（本题共10小题，每题 1.5 分，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Filled with many sights and 36． (attract), China is the best destination in the world. Here are the reasons 37． China should be at the top of your visit list. China, with a history of over 5,000 years, 38． (be) one of the Four Ancient Civilized Countries. You can enjoy Chinese food, tea culture, Chinese medicine as well as poetry and calligraphy (书法) there. China's ancient treasures are 39． (famous) than those in any other country in size and number, from ancient palaces to the Great Wall. Besides, lovely giant pandas are unique 40． China. You can even go to meet wild pandas in their 41． (nature) habitats with our panda experts. What's more, with the 42． (develop) of Chinese public transportation, it is easier to travel anywhere. 43． (take) a smart phone in China, you can take 44． high-speed train from Beijing to Shanghai at 250-350 km/h, buy a coffee with your e-wallet, and ride a shared bike 45． (explore) the city.
五、单词拼写（本题共15小题，每题 1 分，共15分）
46．All students looked forward to (提高，改善)their oral English,
but few succeeded.
47．The most proper (策略)may simply be to walk away
from the problem.
48． It's good to be curious about the world around you because (好奇心) is the best teacher.
49．Susan had quit her well-paid job and
was working as a (志愿者) in the neighborhood when I visited her last month.
50． A number of kids are (有瘾的，入迷的) to computer games and both parents and society should be responsible for it.
51． Students as we are, we should a what we have learned in class to our daily life.
52． The air in this place is (极其) cold and nothing can survive here.
53． She opened a book and (假装) to read, with tears dropping on the open page.
54． Do you know how many athletes from around the world will c in the 2024 Olympic Games
55． Running is a good way to (强化，加强) our muscles and make us happier and healthier.
56． These dead ducks should be (埋葬) immediately since they aren't fit to be eaten.
57．Two people got (困住) in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
58． After the disaster happened in this area, soldiers and volunteers were sent to find out whether there were any people who (存活).
59． All people attending the meeting demanded that the disabled should be e treated in life.
60． I would (感激) it if you could spare some time to help me with my writing.
六、应用文写作（本题共1小题，共15分）
61． 假如你是李华，刚入学高中。你的英国笔友Mike给你发了一封邮件，询问你的暑假生活，并对你即将开始的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点给他写封回信：1.暑假生活的简要描述；2.你对高中学校的第一印象；
注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了几个有趣的小故事，说明英式英语和美式英语间存在的文化差异。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇文化类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一个故事中的"my mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her‘pants were dirty'"妈妈向我们一起住的人道歉，因为她的裤子很脏；以及"But in Britain, ‘pants'means underpants or knickers (内裤；衬裤) , not trousers as it does back home. "但在英国，"pants"的意思是内裤或内裤，而不是像国内那样的裤子。可知，妈妈因为摔倒，"pants"上沾了泥，向和"我们"一起的人表示抱歉，但在英式英语中，"pants"特指内裤，因此语义差异使得英国人产生了误解。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二个故事中的"Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor. "受够了，又累了，我终于不得不出去找一个电话亭。她解释说，她的公寓在二楼，对我来说就是一楼。可知，戴维出去找电话亭，给他的朋友打电话求助。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第三个故事中的"When I asked for the ‘restroom'in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and‘rest'."我在一家大百货公司要求提供"洗手间"时，人们一直指引我去一个有座位的房间，我可以坐在那里"休息"。可知，当汤姆要求去"restroom"时，他周围的人都认为他想休息一下。故选C。
【答案】4．D
5．B
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；记叙文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了著名的作家兼地理学家徐霞客的生平重要事迹，以及《徐霞客游记》这本书的由来。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的" They say that ‘travel is the best teacher'and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming Dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). "人们常说"旅行是最好的老师"，明代游记作家兼地理学家徐霞客(1587-1641)就是最好的例子；以及最后一段中的" Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.""虽然不完整，但它仍然使徐霞客成为一个周游世界的传奇。并结合全文内容可知，本文介绍了徐霞客的一生，即，本文为徐霞客生平故事的梗概。故选D。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.."了解儿子对旅行的热爱，并重视他从这些经历中获得的知识，这位现代思维的女性拒绝把儿子留在家里。她同意徐每年可以出差三个月，那时农活少了可知，徐霞客的母亲是支持儿子并且思想开明的。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world."虽然很富有，但徐霞客避免舒适的旅行，宁愿步行去几乎所有地方。 这样他就可以详细研究环境，得到自然世界的真实画面。可知，徐霞客更喜欢步行旅行是因为步行可以让他仔细观察和研究环境。故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的" When his diary was finally printed years after his death，much of it had been destroyed or lost. "当他的日记在他去世多年后最终被印刷出来时，其中很多已经被销毁或丢失了。可知，《徐霞客游记》在徐霞客去世后才被公开。故选C。
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．A
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；段落大意；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub （热水浴池） after each dive."我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后proceed 在热水浴缸里放松。可知，游泳运动员跳水完后会去洗澡，之后接着在热水浴池放松身体，可推知，划线词proceed 是"继续"含义，故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"As you can imagine，practicing dives in the pool，then having to keep your body warm in a shower，and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone.Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up（痉挛），which can lead to injuries to the muscles.Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that."你可以想象，在游泳池里练习潜水，然后在淋浴时保持身体温暖，然后从10米高的平台上跳入冷水中，对任何人来说都不会舒服。在这些温暖和凉爽的温度之间来回穿梭可能导致潜水员的肌肉紧张或抽筋，这可能导致肌肉受伤。淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。可知，运动员跳水，因为水的暖热温度的交替，可能会使运动员的肌肉受伤，而跳水结束后的淋浴对运动员而言，可以使运动员避免肌肉受伤情况的发生。故选D。
10．考查段落大意。根据最后一段"In that way，showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose."这样一来，淋浴和热水浴池就起到了同样的作用；结合倒数第二段中的"Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that."淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。可知，本段承接前文，主要说明热水浴池和淋浴的重要性是同样的。故选A。
11．考查写作意图。根据第一段中的"I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub （热水浴池） after each dive."我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后继续在热水浴缸里放松；以及第二段中的"So，what's the actual reason？"那么，真正的原因是什么？可知，作者写本篇文章主要是告诉人们跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。故选C。
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们发现了一个令人惊讶而又重要的事实：仅靠脑力劳动并不能使我们疲劳。一些科学家发现，我们的疲劳主要来自于我们的精神和情感态度。努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!"让这些科学家惊讶的是，他们发现血液流过大脑时，当它处于活动状态时，完全没有显示疲劳！；以及"But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day."如果我们从阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的大脑中提取血液，在一天结束时显示不出疲劳毒素。可知，科学家们几年前发现大脑可以连续工作好几个小时而不感到疲劳。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的" A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. " 无聊、愤怒、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏的感觉——这些都是让坐着工作的人感到疲惫的情绪。可知，在作者看来，坐着工作的人因为不愉快的情绪而感到疲劳。故选D。
14．考查标题归纳。根据最后一段中的" Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. "努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。结合文章主要说明了科学家们发现了一个令人惊讶而又重要的事实：仅靠脑力劳动并不能使我们疲劳。一些科学家发现，我们的疲劳主要来自于我们的精神和情感态度。努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。"享受工作"适合做文章的标题，故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的" We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. "我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。可推知，文章接下来的部分将讨论如何消除紧张的话题。故选B。
【答案】16．G；17．B；18．F；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成为优秀生的一些方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“I cannot stress（强调）enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you”我无法强调足够的重视老师教给你的东西有多重要， G. Pay attention to everything the teacher says. "注意老师说的每一句话"承接下文，符合本段的主题，故选G。
17．根据空前“ but write down what he writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test.”但写下他在黑板上写的内容，或者你认为你可能需要的任何特殊事实；以及空后“This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.”这样做可以帮助你更有效地通过思考你正在写的东西来学习， B. Write in your own words. "用你自己的话写"承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
18．根据空前“ You will be missing out on stuff. ”你会错过一些东西；以及空后“However, you will have more work because you have missed lectures. ”然而，你会有更多的工作，因为你错过了讲座。 F. It is true that you could make up the work. “你确实可以弥补这项工作。”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
19．根据空后“ If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to offer you extra credit (学分). ”如果你有一种“我不在乎学校或这个班”的态度，那么老师就会不太愿意给你额外的学分。 D. Keep a good attitude toward things. “对事情保持良好的态度。”承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
20．根据空后“ If you don't understand, ask someone. ”如果你不明白，问问别人。 E. There is no shame in needing some help.“需要帮助并不可耻。”承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．B；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．D；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述高一军训的经历。对于作者来说，那段时光是艰苦的，快乐的，难以忘怀的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，代词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我们一动不动地站着，一点声音也没有，又热又累。A： crying“哭”；B： making“制造”；C： sending“发送”；D： telling “告诉”。根据空前“We stood still”可知，我静止站在那里，没有发出噪音。make a noise固定短语，“制造噪音”，故选B。
22．句意：这是大多数高中对高一新生的一种训练——军训。A： nothing“没什么”；B： anything “任何事情”；C： something“某事”；D： everything“每件事”。根据常识可知，军训是高一学生要做的一件事情。故选C。
23．句意：我们在封闭的环境中度过了四天。A： wasted“浪费”；B： spent“度过，花费”；C： kept“维持，保留”；D： took“拿走，带走”。根据上文“ It was 2 most high schools give to new Senior One students—military training. ”可知作者在进行军训，可推知此处指在封闭的环境中度过了四天，故选B。
24．句意：虽然晚上不能回家，训练又严又难，但我们幽默风趣、口音滑稽的年轻教官给我们的日子带来了真正的乐趣。A： strict“严格的”；B： curious “好奇的”；C： interesting“有趣的”；D： normal “正常的”。根据空后“difficult”可知，训练是严格的。故选A。
25．句意：虽然晚上不能回家，训练又严又难，但我们幽默风趣、口音滑稽的年轻教官给我们的日子带来了真正的乐趣。A： success“成功”；B： pleasure“快乐”；C： worry“担心”；D： wonder “奇迹”。 根据空前“humorous young drill sergeant (教官) ”可知，年轻幽默的教官给学生们带来了快乐。故选B。
26．句意：他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑，我们坐成一排唱着不同的歌，听他讲述自己生活中的真实故事。A： referred to“提及”；B： devoted to“贡献，专心于”；C： turned to“面向”；D： listened to“听”。根据语境可知，此处指听他讲述自己生活中的真实故事，故选D。
27．句意：他给我们一个感觉，军训不只是有日晒和汗水。A： sunlight“阳光”；B： wealth“财富”；C： desire“欲望”；D： health “健康”。根据空后“sweat”可知，军训不是只有日晒和汗水。故选A。
28．句意：他给我们一个感觉，军训不只是有日晒和汗水。A： received“接收，收到”；B： helped “帮助”；C： offered“提供”；D： happened“发生”。根据语境可知，此处指军训所提供的训练，故选C。
29．句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比预期中更加勇敢。A： concerned“关心的”；B： determined“坚定的”；C： interested“感兴趣的”；D： surprised“惊讶的”。根据空后“we were much braver”可知，这次军训后，我们比想象得更加坚定。故选B。
30．句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比预期中更加勇敢。A： expected“期待”；B： expressed“表达”；C： disliked“不喜欢”；D： rescued“营救”。根据语境可知，此处指经过军训之后，学生们比预期中更加勇敢，故选A。
31．句意：正在被惩罚的男孩立刻跑回操场，开始跑。A： escaped“逃脱”；B： moved“移动”；C： rode“骑”；D： rushed“急忙”。根据空后“at once and began to run”可知，正在被惩罚的男孩立刻跑回操场。故选D。
32．句意：当我们思考如何使得喊的声音比其他班大时，汗水顺着脸流下来。A： larger“更大的”；B： stronger“更强的”；C： louder“（声音）更大的”；D： lower“更低的”。根据空前“shout”和空后“than other classes”可知，我们思考如何使得喊的声音比其他班大。故选C。
33．句意：在军训的最后一天，我们脸上能看到自信。A： seen“看见”；B： heard“听见”；C： smelt“闻”；D： touched “触摸，碰”。根据空后“on our faces”可知，自信在我们脸上能看到。故选A。
34．句意：我们的口号响亮，结果我们的声音响彻云霄。A： thoughts“思想”；B： feelings“感情”；C： opinions“建议，看法”；D： voices “声音 ，嗓音”。根据空前“shout”可知，声音响彻云霄，指人的声音用voice。故选D。
35．句意：现在阳光正冲着我们微笑。A： travelling“旅行”；B： falling“落下”；C： setting“设置”；D： smiling“微笑”。根据上文“With eyes like burning torches (火炬), we walked into the future. ”可知，军训后作者变得更自信了，一切变得更好了，所以此处表示阳光正冲着他们微笑。故选D。
【答案】36．attractions；37．why；38．is；39．more famous；40．to；41．natural；42．development；43．Taking；44．a；45．to explore
【知识点】说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国是世界上最适合旅游的国家，并罗列出了许多理由。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及可数名词，定语从句，时态，主谓一致，形容词，介词，名词，非谓语动词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：有着许多名胜景点的中国，是世界上最佳的目的地。根据空前many，可知应用名词复数，故填attractions。
37．句意：中国应该列在你的旅行名单上的第一位的原因如下。 China should be at the top of your visit list 是限制性定语从句，先行词为the reasons，在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导，故填why。
38．句意：中国，有着超过5000年的历史，是四大文明古国之一。分析句子可知，该句主语为China，为专有名词，文章整体时态为一般现在时，be动词要用is，故填is。
39．句意：从古代宫殿到长城，中国的古代瑰宝无论在数量还是规模上都比其他任何国家更有名。后面有than，所以用形容词比较级，故填more famous。
40．句意：此外，可爱的大熊猫对于中国是独一无二的。be unique to，固定短语，"……独有的"，要用介词to，故填to。
41．句意：你甚至可以和我们的熊猫专家们一起到自然栖息地看看野生大熊猫。此处形容词作定语修饰habitats，故填natural。
42．句意：而且，随着中国公共交通的发展，旅行也更方便了。空白处在定冠词the和of中间，需要名词，应使用development表示"发展"，为不可数名词，故填development。
43．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。take 与主语you在逻辑上是主谓关系，要用现在分词，放在句首，所以开头字母要大写，故填Taking。
44．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
45．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to explore。
46．【答案】improving
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：所有学生都期待提高他们的口语，但很少有人成功。此处动名词作宾语，故填improving。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语。
47．【答案】strategy
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：最恰当的策略可能只是回避这个问题。此处形容词最高级修饰名词，故填strategy。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
48．【答案】curiosity
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：对周围的世界充满好奇是件好事，因为好奇心是最好的老师。根据句意和汉语“ 好奇心 ”提示，可知应用 curiosity ，此处名词作原因状语从句的主语，不可数名词，故填 curiosity 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
49．【答案】volunteer
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：上个月我拜访苏珊时，苏珊辞去了她高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。此处名词作介词宾语，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填volunteer。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
50．【答案】addicted
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：许多孩子沉迷于电脑游戏，父母和社会都应该对此负责。根据句意和汉语" 有瘾的，入迷的 "提示，应用 addicted ，此处形容词作表语，故填 addicted 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
51．【答案】apply
【知识点】实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为学生，我们应该把课堂上学到的东西应用到日常生活中根据句意和首字母，应用 apply "应用"，是谓语动词，should后接动词原形，故填 apply 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 apply 的应用。
52．【答案】extremely
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这个地方的空气非常冷，没有任何东西可以在这里生存。根据句意和汉语" 极其 "提示，应用 extremely ，此处副词修饰形容词 cold ，作状语，故填 extremely 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰形容词。
53．【答案】pretended
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。根据句意和汉语" 假装 "提示，应用 pretend ，此处是谓语动词，与 opened 并列，应用一般过去时，故填 pretended 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
54．【答案】compete
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：你知道有多少来自世界各地的运动员将参加2024年奥运会吗？根据句意和首字母，应用 compete "竞争，比赛"，此处是谓语动词，与will构成一般将来时，故填 compete 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般将来时。
55．【答案】strengthen
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：跑步是增强肌肉、让我们更快乐、更健康的好方法。根据句意和汉语" 强化，加强 "提示，应用 strengthen ，此处动词不定式作定语，故填 strengthen 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动词不定式作定语。
56．【答案】buried
【知识点】动词的语态
【解析】【分析】句意：这些死鸭子不适合吃，应该立即埋葬。根据句意和汉语" 埋葬 "提示，应用 bury，此处是谓语动词，与情态动词 should 和助动词be，构成含有情态动词的被动语态，故填 buried 。
【点评】考查语态，本题涉及含有情态动词的被动语态。
57．【答案】trapped
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：今天早上停电时，有两人被困在电梯里。get trapped in固定短语，“被困在......”，此处过去分词作表语，故填trapped。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语get trapped in。
58．【答案】survived
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：这一地区发生灾难后，士兵和志愿者被派去调查是否有人幸存。根据句意和汉语" 存活 "提示，应用 survive ，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，结合空前的were，可知应用一般过去时，故填 survived 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
59．【答案】equally
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：所有参加会议的人都要求在生活中平等对待残疾人。根据句意和首字母，应用 equally "平等地"，副词，修饰谓语动词 be treated ，作状语，故填 equally 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
60．【答案】appreciate
【知识点】实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你能抽出一些时间帮助我写作，我将不胜感激。根据句意和汉语" 感激 "提示，应用 appreciate ，此处是谓语动词，would后接动词原形，故填 appreciate 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 appreciate 的应用。
61．【答案】Dear Mike,
How are you doing I feel so grateful to receive your letter asking about my summer vacation and my new high school life. As for me, everything is a new start.
During the holiday, I made an attempt to take regular exercise and preview my lessons to prepare for my new school life. I spent a meaningful holiday.
When it comes to my senior high school, the first impression of it is unforgettable. The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers, providing us with a good environment. Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we'll make great progress with them teaching us. I really love my new school.
Looking forward to hearing from you!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 写封回信 。写作背景：你 刚入学高中。你的英国笔友Mike给你发了一封邮件，询问你的暑假生活，并对你即将开始的高中生活很感兴趣。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1.暑假生活的简要描述；2.你对高中学校的第一印象。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I feel so grateful to receive your letter asking about my summer vacation and my new high school life. 运用了不定式作原因状语；When it comes to my senior high school, the first impression of it is unforgettable. 运用了时间状语从句；The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers, providing us with a good environment. 运用了现在分词作状语；Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we'll make great progress with them teaching us.运用了并列句，宾语从句。
1 / 1湖南省怀化市洪江市重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解（本题共15小题，每题 2 分，共30分）
阅读理解
I came across quite a few language problems while spending a holiday with my family last summer. The most embarrassing was when my Mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her "pants were dirty". They looked at her in surprise, not knowing how to react. You see, Mom had fallen over and gotten mud on her jeans. But in Britain, "pants" means underpants or knickers (内裤；衬裤), not trousers as it does back home.
Katie — From America
I went to stay with a friend on the west coast last summer. Her flat was on the first floor of a high-rise building so I got the lift up. Then I wandered round for ages looking for her flat but couldn't find it. Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor.
David — From Britain
When I asked for the "restroom" in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and "rest". It took me years to get through to (使……明白) someone that I only wanted the toilet!
Tom — From America
1．Hearing Katie's mother's words, Katie's friends were in surprise because ____.
A．Katie's mother got mud on her jeans
B．they mistook pants for underpants
C．Katie's mother's underpants were dirty
D．they didn't understand British English
2．David went out to find a phone box to ____.
A．phone his friend for help
B．phone the police for help
C．tell his friend he couldn't visit her
D．apologize for his being late
3．When Tom asked for the "restroom", the people around him thought ____.
A．he wanted to go to bed
B．he wanted to go to the toilet
C．he wanted to have a rest
D．he wanted to go to a department store
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了几个有趣的小故事，说明英式英语和美式英语间存在的文化差异。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇文化类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一个故事中的"my mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her‘pants were dirty'"妈妈向我们一起住的人道歉，因为她的裤子很脏；以及"But in Britain, ‘pants'means underpants or knickers (内裤；衬裤) , not trousers as it does back home. "但在英国，"pants"的意思是内裤或内裤，而不是像国内那样的裤子。可知，妈妈因为摔倒，"pants"上沾了泥，向和"我们"一起的人表示抱歉，但在英式英语中，"pants"特指内裤，因此语义差异使得英国人产生了误解。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二个故事中的"Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor. "受够了，又累了，我终于不得不出去找一个电话亭。她解释说，她的公寓在二楼，对我来说就是一楼。可知，戴维出去找电话亭，给他的朋友打电话求助。故选A。
3．考查细节理解。根据第三个故事中的"When I asked for the ‘restroom'in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and‘rest'."我在一家大百货公司要求提供"洗手间"时，人们一直指引我去一个有座位的房间，我可以坐在那里"休息"。可知，当汤姆要求去"restroom"时，他周围的人都认为他想休息一下。故选C。
阅读理解
They say that "travel is the best teacher" and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming Dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xu's father died and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.
But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.
So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming Kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his journeys.
Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
B．The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
C．The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
D．The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
5．Which of the following best describes Xu's mother
A．Strict but interesting. B．Supportive and open-minded.
C．Helpful and hardworking. D．Kind but uneducated.
6．Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels
A．It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.
B．It helped him to save money and travel for a longer time.
C．It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people.
D．It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.
7．What is true about Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake
A．It was the first travel book ever written in China.
B．It made Xu very famous during his lifetime.
C．It was only made public after Xu died.
D．It was mainly about the different people of China.
【答案】4．D
5．B
6．A
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；记叙文；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了著名的作家兼地理学家徐霞客的生平重要事迹，以及《徐霞客游记》这本书的由来。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的" They say that ‘travel is the best teacher'and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming Dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). "人们常说"旅行是最好的老师"，明代游记作家兼地理学家徐霞客(1587-1641)就是最好的例子；以及最后一段中的" Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.""虽然不完整，但它仍然使徐霞客成为一个周游世界的传奇。并结合全文内容可知，本文介绍了徐霞客的一生，即，本文为徐霞客生平故事的梗概。故选D。
5．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.."了解儿子对旅行的热爱，并重视他从这些经历中获得的知识，这位现代思维的女性拒绝把儿子留在家里。她同意徐每年可以出差三个月，那时农活少了可知，徐霞客的母亲是支持儿子并且思想开明的。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world."虽然很富有，但徐霞客避免舒适的旅行，宁愿步行去几乎所有地方。 这样他就可以详细研究环境，得到自然世界的真实画面。可知，徐霞客更喜欢步行旅行是因为步行可以让他仔细观察和研究环境。故选A。
7．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的" When his diary was finally printed years after his death，much of it had been destroyed or lost. "当他的日记在他去世多年后最终被印刷出来时，其中很多已经被销毁或丢失了。可知，《徐霞客游记》在徐霞客去世后才被公开。故选C。
阅读理解
As much as I love watching Olympic diving, I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub (热水浴池) after each dive. They're already wet. They're only in the pool for a handful of seconds, so it's not like they need to get cleaned up. And doesn't taking a shower serve the same purpose as sitting in a hot tub
Actually, that's what Olympic divers usually do between dives as they know very well about the importance of warm-ups and cool-downs. So, what's the actual reason
As it turns out, showers and hot tubs are used pretty interchangeably by the swimming pool. However, there is a need for both. First, let's start with why divers need to take a shower between dives. It has to do with body temperature and keeping their muscles relaxed. As you can imagine, practicing dives in the pool, then having to keep your body warm in a shower, and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone. Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up (痉挛), which can lead to injuries to the muscles. Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that.
In that way, showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose. A hot tub is generally used if you have a bit more time between dives and have already stretched. The shower walls on the pool deck can typically provide enough space for more divers at the same time, and they're especially helpful for athletes who need to stretch or who only have a few minutes between dives. Just like Olympic swimmers depend on thick clothes to keep their muscles warm, Olympic divers rely on these methods to stay loose. If you ask me, it's not a bad way to pass the time!
8．What does the underlined word "proceed" in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Continue. B．Fail. C．Stop. D．Afford.
9．Why do the athletes need showers after diving
A．To fully clean their body.
B．To stop themselves from catching a cold.
C．To rest and wait for the results.
D．To avoid possible muscle injuries.
10．What does the last paragraph suggest
A．Hot tubs are as important as showers for divers.
B．Athletes usually do some activities to pass the time.
C．Olympic swimmers need to stay warm using hot tubs.
D．The shower walls are designed for divers in the final round.
11．What is the author's purpose in writing this text
A．To provide some diving advice for us.
B．To compare cold showers with the hot bath.
C．To explain some little-known knowledge about divers.
D．To tell us the difference between diving and swimming.
【答案】8．A
9．D
10．A
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；段落大意；说明文；科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测，段落大意和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub （热水浴池） after each dive."我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后proceed 在热水浴缸里放松。可知，游泳运动员跳水完后会去洗澡，之后接着在热水浴池放松身体，可推知，划线词proceed 是"继续"含义，故选A。
9．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"As you can imagine，practicing dives in the pool，then having to keep your body warm in a shower，and then jumping off a 10-meter platform and into cold water couldn't be comfortable for anyone.Going back and forth between these warm and cool temperatures can cause a diver's muscles to tense or cramp up（痉挛），which can lead to injuries to the muscles.Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that."你可以想象，在游泳池里练习潜水，然后在淋浴时保持身体温暖，然后从10米高的平台上跳入冷水中，对任何人来说都不会舒服。在这些温暖和凉爽的温度之间来回穿梭可能导致潜水员的肌肉紧张或抽筋，这可能导致肌肉受伤。淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。可知，运动员跳水，因为水的暖热温度的交替，可能会使运动员的肌肉受伤，而跳水结束后的淋浴对运动员而言，可以使运动员避免肌肉受伤情况的发生。故选D。
10．考查段落大意。根据最后一段"In that way，showers and hot tubs serve the same purpose."这样一来，淋浴和热水浴池就起到了同样的作用；结合倒数第二段中的"Showers allow an Olympic diver to recover and prevent that."淋浴可以让奥林匹克跳水运动员恢复并防止这种情况发生。可知，本段承接前文，主要说明热水浴池和淋浴的重要性是同样的。故选A。
11．考查写作意图。根据第一段中的"I've never understood why athletes hurry off to the showers and then proceed to relax in a hot tub （热水浴池） after each dive."我一直不明白，为什么运动员每次潜水后都匆匆忙忙地去洗澡，然后继续在热水浴缸里放松；以及第二段中的"So，what's the actual reason？"那么，真正的原因是什么？可知，作者写本篇文章主要是告诉人们跳水运动员跳水完后淋浴的主要原因。故选C。
阅读理解
Here is a surprising and important fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds funny. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳). To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.
So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired
Some scientists find that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists, J.A. Hadfield, says, "The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin. In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare (罕见的)." Dr. Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further. He says, "One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems."
What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired Joy Satisfaction No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.
12．What did the scientists discover a few years ago
A．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue.
B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's week.
C．The brain could work for many hours without tiredness.
D．We could hardly find fatigue toxins in a laborer's blood.
13．In the author's opinions, sitting workers feel tired because of ____.
A．difficult work B．endless tasks
C．physical labor D．unpleasant emotions
14．What's the best title of this passage
A．Have some good food B．Enjoy the work
C．Exercise regularly D．Discover fatigue toxins
15．Which topic will be discussed in the following part of the passage
A．How to deal with hard work. B．How to take away nervousness.
C．How to work well and swiftly. D．How to get much satisfaction.
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．B
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家们发现了一个令人惊讶而又重要的事实：仅靠脑力劳动并不能使我们疲劳。一些科学家发现，我们的疲劳主要来自于我们的精神和情感态度。努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和标题归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!"让这些科学家惊讶的是，他们发现血液流过大脑时，当它处于活动状态时，完全没有显示疲劳！；以及"But if we took blood from the brain of Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day."如果我们从阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的大脑中提取血液，在一天结束时显示不出疲劳毒素。可知，科学家们几年前发现大脑可以连续工作好几个小时而不感到疲劳。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的" A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers. " 无聊、愤怒、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏的感觉——这些都是让坐着工作的人感到疲惫的情绪。可知，在作者看来，坐着工作的人因为不愉快的情绪而感到疲劳。故选D。
14．考查标题归纳。根据最后一段中的" Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. "努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。结合文章主要说明了科学家们发现了一个令人惊讶而又重要的事实：仅靠脑力劳动并不能使我们疲劳。一些科学家发现，我们的疲劳主要来自于我们的精神和情感态度。努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。"享受工作"适合做文章的标题，故选B。
15．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的" We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body. "我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张。可推知，文章接下来的部分将讨论如何消除紧张的话题。故选B。
二、七选五（本题共5小题，每题 2 分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you want to be at the top of your class Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!
16． I cannot stress (强调) enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.
Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every word your teacher says but write down what he writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 17． This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.
Don't skip school (逃学). You will be missing out on stuff. 18． However, you will have more work because you have missed lectures. Also, try not to be late for class. It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.
19． If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to offer you extra credit (学分). The same goes for a lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.
Always ask questions. 20． If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.
A. Be prepared.
B. Write in your own words.
C. Staying organized will be helpful.
D. Keep a good attitude toward things.
E. There is no shame in needing some help.
F. It is true that you could make up the work.
G. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.
【答案】16．G；17．B；18．F；19．D；20．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了成为优秀生的一些方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空后“I cannot stress（强调）enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you”我无法强调足够的重视老师教给你的东西有多重要， G. Pay attention to everything the teacher says. "注意老师说的每一句话"承接下文，符合本段的主题，故选G。
17．根据空前“ but write down what he writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test.”但写下他在黑板上写的内容，或者你认为你可能需要的任何特殊事实；以及空后“This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.”这样做可以帮助你更有效地通过思考你正在写的东西来学习， B. Write in your own words. "用你自己的话写"承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
18．根据空前“ You will be missing out on stuff. ”你会错过一些东西；以及空后“However, you will have more work because you have missed lectures. ”然而，你会有更多的工作，因为你错过了讲座。 F. It is true that you could make up the work. “你确实可以弥补这项工作。”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
19．根据空后“ If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to offer you extra credit (学分). ”如果你有一种“我不在乎学校或这个班”的态度，那么老师就会不太愿意给你额外的学分。 D. Keep a good attitude toward things. “对事情保持良好的态度。”承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
20．根据空后“ If you don't understand, ask someone. ”如果你不明白，问问别人。 E. There is no shame in needing some help.“需要帮助并不可耻。”承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
三、完形填空（本题共15小题，每题 1 分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The sun was shining brightly over our heads and sweat (汗水) was pouring off our backs and faces. We stood still without 21． any noise, all hot and tired. But everyone kept standing as straight as trees.
It was 22． most high schools give to new Senior One students—military training. We 23． four days in a closed environment. Although we couldn't go home at night and the training was 24． and difficult, our humorous young drill sergeant (教官) with a funny accent was a real 25． of our days. We laughed at his jokes, sat in rows singing different songs and 26． him telling true stories about his life. He gave us the feeling that 27． and sweat were not the only things that military training 28． .
After this journey, we were more 29． than we had imagined and we were much braver than we had 30． . Girls who looked pale rested for a little while, then right away came back to the team. Boys who were being punished 31． to the playground at once and began to run. Sweat flowed down our faces when we thought about how to shout 32． than other classes.
Military training taught us perseverance (坚持不懈) and determination. On the last day of our training, the confidence could be 33． on our faces. We shouted so loud that our 34． could be heard across the heavens. With eyes like burning torches (火炬), we walked into the future. Now the sun is 35． at all of us.
21．A． crying B． making C． sending D． telling
22．A． nothing B． anything C． something D． everything
23．A． wasted B． spent C． kept D． took
24．A． strict B． curious C． interesting D． normal
25．A． success B． pleasure C． worry D． wonder
26．A． referred to B． devoted to
C． turned to D． listened to
27．A． sunlight B． wealth C． desire D． health
28．A． received B． helped C． offered D． happened
29．A． concerned B． determined C． interested D． surprised
30．A． expected B． expressed C． disliked D． rescued
31．A． escaped B． moved C． rode D． rushed
32．A． larger B． stronger C． louder D． lower
33．A． seen B． heard C． smelt D． touched
34．A． thoughts B． feelings C． opinions D． voices
35．A． travelling B． falling C． setting D． smiling
【答案】21．B；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．B；26．D；27．A；28．C；29．B；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．A；34．D；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述高一军训的经历。对于作者来说，那段时光是艰苦的，快乐的，难以忘怀的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，代词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我们一动不动地站着，一点声音也没有，又热又累。A： crying“哭”；B： making“制造”；C： sending“发送”；D： telling “告诉”。根据空前“We stood still”可知，我静止站在那里，没有发出噪音。make a noise固定短语，“制造噪音”，故选B。
22．句意：这是大多数高中对高一新生的一种训练——军训。A： nothing“没什么”；B： anything “任何事情”；C： something“某事”；D： everything“每件事”。根据常识可知，军训是高一学生要做的一件事情。故选C。
23．句意：我们在封闭的环境中度过了四天。A： wasted“浪费”；B： spent“度过，花费”；C： kept“维持，保留”；D： took“拿走，带走”。根据上文“ It was 2 most high schools give to new Senior One students—military training. ”可知作者在进行军训，可推知此处指在封闭的环境中度过了四天，故选B。
24．句意：虽然晚上不能回家，训练又严又难，但我们幽默风趣、口音滑稽的年轻教官给我们的日子带来了真正的乐趣。A： strict“严格的”；B： curious “好奇的”；C： interesting“有趣的”；D： normal “正常的”。根据空后“difficult”可知，训练是严格的。故选A。
25．句意：虽然晚上不能回家，训练又严又难，但我们幽默风趣、口音滑稽的年轻教官给我们的日子带来了真正的乐趣。A： success“成功”；B： pleasure“快乐”；C： worry“担心”；D： wonder “奇迹”。 根据空前“humorous young drill sergeant (教官) ”可知，年轻幽默的教官给学生们带来了快乐。故选B。
26．句意：他讲的笑话逗得我们大笑，我们坐成一排唱着不同的歌，听他讲述自己生活中的真实故事。A： referred to“提及”；B： devoted to“贡献，专心于”；C： turned to“面向”；D： listened to“听”。根据语境可知，此处指听他讲述自己生活中的真实故事，故选D。
27．句意：他给我们一个感觉，军训不只是有日晒和汗水。A： sunlight“阳光”；B： wealth“财富”；C： desire“欲望”；D： health “健康”。根据空后“sweat”可知，军训不是只有日晒和汗水。故选A。
28．句意：他给我们一个感觉，军训不只是有日晒和汗水。A： received“接收，收到”；B： helped “帮助”；C： offered“提供”；D： happened“发生”。根据语境可知，此处指军训所提供的训练，故选C。
29．句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比预期中更加勇敢。A： concerned“关心的”；B： determined“坚定的”；C： interested“感兴趣的”；D： surprised“惊讶的”。根据空后“we were much braver”可知，这次军训后，我们比想象得更加坚定。故选B。
30．句意：经过这段旅程，我们比想象中更加坚定，比预期中更加勇敢。A： expected“期待”；B： expressed“表达”；C： disliked“不喜欢”；D： rescued“营救”。根据语境可知，此处指经过军训之后，学生们比预期中更加勇敢，故选A。
31．句意：正在被惩罚的男孩立刻跑回操场，开始跑。A： escaped“逃脱”；B： moved“移动”；C： rode“骑”；D： rushed“急忙”。根据空后“at once and began to run”可知，正在被惩罚的男孩立刻跑回操场。故选D。
32．句意：当我们思考如何使得喊的声音比其他班大时，汗水顺着脸流下来。A： larger“更大的”；B： stronger“更强的”；C： louder“（声音）更大的”；D： lower“更低的”。根据空前“shout”和空后“than other classes”可知，我们思考如何使得喊的声音比其他班大。故选C。
33．句意：在军训的最后一天，我们脸上能看到自信。A： seen“看见”；B： heard“听见”；C： smelt“闻”；D： touched “触摸，碰”。根据空后“on our faces”可知，自信在我们脸上能看到。故选A。
34．句意：我们的口号响亮，结果我们的声音响彻云霄。A： thoughts“思想”；B： feelings“感情”；C： opinions“建议，看法”；D： voices “声音 ，嗓音”。根据空前“shout”可知，声音响彻云霄，指人的声音用voice。故选D。
35．句意：现在阳光正冲着我们微笑。A： travelling“旅行”；B： falling“落下”；C： setting“设置”；D： smiling“微笑”。根据上文“With eyes like burning torches (火炬), we walked into the future. ”可知，军训后作者变得更自信了，一切变得更好了，所以此处表示阳光正冲着他们微笑。故选D。
四、语法填空（本题共10小题，每题 1.5 分，共15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或者括号内单词的正确形式。
Filled with many sights and 36． (attract), China is the best destination in the world. Here are the reasons 37． China should be at the top of your visit list. China, with a history of over 5,000 years, 38． (be) one of the Four Ancient Civilized Countries. You can enjoy Chinese food, tea culture, Chinese medicine as well as poetry and calligraphy (书法) there. China's ancient treasures are 39． (famous) than those in any other country in size and number, from ancient palaces to the Great Wall. Besides, lovely giant pandas are unique 40． China. You can even go to meet wild pandas in their 41． (nature) habitats with our panda experts. What's more, with the 42． (develop) of Chinese public transportation, it is easier to travel anywhere. 43． (take) a smart phone in China, you can take 44． high-speed train from Beijing to Shanghai at 250-350 km/h, buy a coffee with your e-wallet, and ride a shared bike 45． (explore) the city.
【答案】36．attractions；37．why；38．is；39．more famous；40．to；41．natural；42．development；43．Taking；44．a；45．to explore
【知识点】说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国是世界上最适合旅游的国家，并罗列出了许多理由。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及可数名词，定语从句，时态，主谓一致，形容词，介词，名词，非谓语动词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：有着许多名胜景点的中国，是世界上最佳的目的地。根据空前many，可知应用名词复数，故填attractions。
37．句意：中国应该列在你的旅行名单上的第一位的原因如下。 China should be at the top of your visit list 是限制性定语从句，先行词为the reasons，在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导，故填why。
38．句意：中国，有着超过5000年的历史，是四大文明古国之一。分析句子可知，该句主语为China，为专有名词，文章整体时态为一般现在时，be动词要用is，故填is。
39．句意：从古代宫殿到长城，中国的古代瑰宝无论在数量还是规模上都比其他任何国家更有名。后面有than，所以用形容词比较级，故填more famous。
40．句意：此外，可爱的大熊猫对于中国是独一无二的。be unique to，固定短语，"……独有的"，要用介词to，故填to。
41．句意：你甚至可以和我们的熊猫专家们一起到自然栖息地看看野生大熊猫。此处形容词作定语修饰habitats，故填natural。
42．句意：而且，随着中国公共交通的发展，旅行也更方便了。空白处在定冠词the和of中间，需要名词，应使用development表示"发展"，为不可数名词，故填development。
43．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。take 与主语you在逻辑上是主谓关系，要用现在分词，放在句首，所以开头字母要大写，故填Taking。
44．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，故填a。
45．句意：在中国带上一部手机，你就可以乘坐从北京到上海时速高达250到350千米的高速列车，可以用电子钱包买咖啡喝，还可以骑着共享单车游览城市。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to explore。
五、单词拼写（本题共15小题，每题 1 分，共15分）
46．All students looked forward to (提高，改善)their oral English,
but few succeeded.
【答案】improving
【知识点】动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：所有学生都期待提高他们的口语，但很少有人成功。此处动名词作宾语，故填improving。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词作宾语。
47．The most proper (策略)may simply be to walk away
from the problem.
【答案】strategy
【知识点】名词
【解析】【分析】句意：最恰当的策略可能只是回避这个问题。此处形容词最高级修饰名词，故填strategy。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
48． It's good to be curious about the world around you because (好奇心) is the best teacher.
【答案】curiosity
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：对周围的世界充满好奇是件好事，因为好奇心是最好的老师。根据句意和汉语“ 好奇心 ”提示，可知应用 curiosity ，此处名词作原因状语从句的主语，不可数名词，故填 curiosity 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
49．Susan had quit her well-paid job and
was working as a (志愿者) in the neighborhood when I visited her last month.
【答案】volunteer
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：上个月我拜访苏珊时，苏珊辞去了她高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。此处名词作介词宾语，不定冠词后接单数名词，故填volunteer。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
50． A number of kids are (有瘾的，入迷的) to computer games and both parents and society should be responsible for it.
【答案】addicted
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：许多孩子沉迷于电脑游戏，父母和社会都应该对此负责。根据句意和汉语" 有瘾的，入迷的 "提示，应用 addicted ，此处形容词作表语，故填 addicted 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
51． Students as we are, we should a what we have learned in class to our daily life.
【答案】apply
【知识点】实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为学生，我们应该把课堂上学到的东西应用到日常生活中根据句意和首字母，应用 apply "应用"，是谓语动词，should后接动词原形，故填 apply 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 apply 的应用。
52． The air in this place is (极其) cold and nothing can survive here.
【答案】extremely
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：这个地方的空气非常冷，没有任何东西可以在这里生存。根据句意和汉语" 极其 "提示，应用 extremely ，此处副词修饰形容词 cold ，作状语，故填 extremely 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰形容词。
53． She opened a book and (假装) to read, with tears dropping on the open page.
【答案】pretended
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：她打开一本书，假装在看书，眼泪掉在打开的那一页上。根据句意和汉语" 假装 "提示，应用 pretend ，此处是谓语动词，与 opened 并列，应用一般过去时，故填 pretended 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
54． Do you know how many athletes from around the world will c in the 2024 Olympic Games
【答案】compete
【知识点】一般将来时
【解析】【分析】句意：你知道有多少来自世界各地的运动员将参加2024年奥运会吗？根据句意和首字母，应用 compete "竞争，比赛"，此处是谓语动词，与will构成一般将来时，故填 compete 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般将来时。
55． Running is a good way to (强化，加强) our muscles and make us happier and healthier.
【答案】strengthen
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：跑步是增强肌肉、让我们更快乐、更健康的好方法。根据句意和汉语" 强化，加强 "提示，应用 strengthen ，此处动词不定式作定语，故填 strengthen 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动词不定式作定语。
56． These dead ducks should be (埋葬) immediately since they aren't fit to be eaten.
【答案】buried
【知识点】动词的语态
【解析】【分析】句意：这些死鸭子不适合吃，应该立即埋葬。根据句意和汉语" 埋葬 "提示，应用 bury，此处是谓语动词，与情态动词 should 和助动词be，构成含有情态动词的被动语态，故填 buried 。
【点评】考查语态，本题涉及含有情态动词的被动语态。
57．Two people got (困住) in the lift this morning when the electricity was cut off.
【答案】trapped
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：今天早上停电时，有两人被困在电梯里。get trapped in固定短语，“被困在......”，此处过去分词作表语，故填trapped。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语get trapped in。
58． After the disaster happened in this area, soldiers and volunteers were sent to find out whether there were any people who (存活).
【答案】survived
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意：这一地区发生灾难后，士兵和志愿者被派去调查是否有人幸存。根据句意和汉语" 存活 "提示，应用 survive ，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，结合空前的were，可知应用一般过去时，故填 survived 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
59． All people attending the meeting demanded that the disabled should be e treated in life.
【答案】equally
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：所有参加会议的人都要求在生活中平等对待残疾人。根据句意和首字母，应用 equally "平等地"，副词，修饰谓语动词 be treated ，作状语，故填 equally 。
【点评】考查副词，本题涉及副词修饰谓语动词。
60． I would (感激) it if you could spare some time to help me with my writing.
【答案】appreciate
【知识点】实义动词
【解析】【分析】句意：如果你能抽出一些时间帮助我写作，我将不胜感激。根据句意和汉语" 感激 "提示，应用 appreciate ，此处是谓语动词，would后接动词原形，故填 appreciate 。
【点评】考查动词，掌握 appreciate 的应用。
六、应用文写作（本题共1小题，共15分）
61． 假如你是李华，刚入学高中。你的英国笔友Mike给你发了一封邮件，询问你的暑假生活，并对你即将开始的高中生活很感兴趣。请你根据以下要点给他写封回信：1.暑假生活的简要描述；2.你对高中学校的第一印象；
注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mike,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
How are you doing I feel so grateful to receive your letter asking about my summer vacation and my new high school life. As for me, everything is a new start.
During the holiday, I made an attempt to take regular exercise and preview my lessons to prepare for my new school life. I spent a meaningful holiday.
When it comes to my senior high school, the first impression of it is unforgettable. The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers, providing us with a good environment. Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we'll make great progress with them teaching us. I really love my new school.
Looking forward to hearing from you!
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份 写封回信 。写作背景：你 刚入学高中。你的英国笔友Mike给你发了一封邮件，询问你的暑假生活，并对你即将开始的高中生活很感兴趣。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1.暑假生活的简要描述；2.你对高中学校的第一印象。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I feel so grateful to receive your letter asking about my summer vacation and my new high school life. 运用了不定式作原因状语；When it comes to my senior high school, the first impression of it is unforgettable. 运用了时间状语从句；The school yard is big and beautiful with all kinds of trees and flowers, providing us with a good environment. 运用了现在分词作状语；Besides, all the teachers are friendly and I firmly believe we'll make great progress with them teaching us.运用了并列句，宾语从句。
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