山西省阳泉市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读，第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读理解
Bantham Beach, Devon
The South Devon coast is knee-deep in Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Bantham is a golden bank of sand. There are rock pools for younger children and for their elders. This is one of the county's favourite surfing beaches.
The 14th-century Sloop Inn (01548-560489, sloopatbantham. co. uk) has summer doubles from ￡145 per night (and it's only a couple of hundred yards to the beach).
Camber Sands, East Sussex
Head to the western end of the overflow car park and then it's a pleasant walk through dunes (沙丘) to your own private area on the endless sands.
If you haven't bought a picnic, the village's Rye Bay Cafe is good for lunch and the nearby Rye Bay Nature Reserve provides walking, cycling and bird watching options.
Charming double rooms at The Galivant (01797-225057, thegalivant. co. uk) start at￡115 per night.
Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife
This small, rural, sandy beach is beside woodland and offers dreamy views out to the islands of Inchmickery and Inchcolm.
The Fife coastal path passes through and there's a good walking road following the cliff top to Hawkcraig with views across the River Forth to Edinburgh.
Lunch at Sands Beachfront Cafe and book a room at Forth View Hotel (01383-860402, forthviewhotel. co. uk), where doubles cost from￡85 per night.
Druridge Bay, Northumberland
Druridge Bay has 99 acres of golden, sweeping sands. The kids can explore the towering grassland dunes that shelter the bay, and just 300 yards from the beach is the Druridge Bay County Park and Visitor Centre with wildlife displays and play areas.
Food can be had at the Widdrington Inn (eight miles away) while Eshott Hall (01670-787454, eshotthall. co. uk) has doubles from￡120 per night.
1．Where will you go if you are interested in wildlife displays
A．Bantham Beach, Devon B．Camber Sands, East Sussex
C．Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife D．Druridge Bay, Northumberland
2．Which of the following can you enjoy at Camber Sands
A．Surfing in rock pools. B．Watching birds.
C．Playing in a park. D．Exploring islands.
3．Which hotel charges the most for a double room
A．Sloop Inn. B．The Galivant.
C．Forth View Hotel. D．Eshott Hall.
阅读理解
With more and more people swimming at beaches every year, the problem of sharks takes on new importance. There are people who still insist that sharks never attack human beings unless they are bleeding or wounded, but this thought has not been clearly proved. In the past few years, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, there have been cases of shark attacks which resulted in death. And just how many of the swimmers who have disappeared were victims of shark attacks will never be known. Clearly, these violent fish can be dangerous. Several species are known to attack human beings, and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks, once having tasted human blood, develop a taste for it.
The chances that one will come across a shark are small, but certain measures should be taken by everyone. Putting hands or legs over the side of a boat in warm water is to be avoided. Swimming far out from beaches is inviting trouble. No swimmer should go great distances from shore alone, or go into the water when nobody else is about. Skin divers, particularly those who go deep down in the water or among rocks and ledges(暗礁) that serve as hiding places for sharks, are taking unnecessary risks.
If one is in a boat that is rubbed against by a shark, he should remember the creature is not trying to upset his boat; it is probably trying to rub off sea lice (海虱). A beat, especially on the nose, will scare it away. If a swimmer comes across a shark, he should swim away as quietly as possible, trying to avoid making it angry. He should also head for shore (岸) as quickly as possible.
4．What should be done if a shark rubs against your boat
A．Stir up the water. B．Shout and scream.
C．Kick the shark. D．Hit it on the nose.
5．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Certain sharks will become interested in human blood when they have tasted it.
B．Certain sharks will hate human blood again after they have tasted it.
C．Certain sharks will taste human blood every day after they have tasted it.
D．Certain sharks will lose sense of taste when they have tasted human blood.
6．Where do sharks sometimes hide themselves
A．Places with sea lice in water.
B．Somewhere near the beaches.
C．Among the rocks and ledges.
D．It isn't mentioned in the passage.
7．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Some people don't think sharks will attack human.
B．It's impossible for swimmers to run into sharks.
C．Swimmers should be very careful about sharks.
D．It's safe to swim alone far away from the bench.
阅读理解
Nearly everyone would agree that it is very hard to let go of anger after you have been hurt by someone. However, research shows that forgiveness is good for your health. It can give you more energy, help you sleep better. According to Dr Frederic Luskin, author of the book Forgive for Good, people who are able to forgive are less angry and more hopeful. "It can reduce the wear and tear on our bodies," says Dr Luskin, "and allow people to feel more energetic. "
You are probably asking yourself, "How is it possible to forgive " It is not easy, but here are some suggestions to try. When you have been hurt, first try to calm yourself down: breathe deeply and force yourself to think of something pleasant, such as someone you love or a beautiful sunset. Thinking about the hurt is of no use; it only gives power to the person who hurt you. Train yourself to see beauty, love and kindness in the world around you. Never wait for an apology, because you may be waiting forever. Very often the one who hurt you will never think of apologizing, either because they meant to hurt you or because they don't understand your point of view. It can be very helpful to you to write yourself a letter, imagining what the other person's perspective might be. Try to stand in his shoes to see the situation; you may realize that the hurt was a result of ignorance or fear — or maybe even love. Finally, remember that forgiving someone does not mean that you have accepted their action. It only means that you have chosen to let go of the hurt.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Forgiveness is possible for all people.
B．We should not wait for an apology.
C．When someone has hurt you, try to forgive.
D．Forgiveness can be extremely difficult.
9．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage
A．Forgiveness can make people feel more energetic.
B．People who forgive show less anger and more hope.
C．Forgiveness means you accept the hurting actions.
D．Being lost in hate may bring you deeper hurt and pain.
10．What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A．Damage. B．Energy. C．Waste. D．Sensitivity.
11．How can you calm yourself when someone has hurt you
A．Take deep breaths and think of something pleasant.
B．Learn to look for love, beauty and kindness around you.
C．Try to see things from the other person's perspective.
D．All of the above.
阅读理解
Wangdu Bookstore was founded 13 years ago. The owner Ms. Shi said, "Bookselling is a low-profit business. More and more people buy books from online bookstores because they are offering bigger discounts. " Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly. To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method.
"We offer a 10% discount to customers and 15% to club members. At these discount levels, our book sales are still going down," Ms. Shi said. She believes low costs and no rent are big reasons why online bookstores are growing so quickly.
A survey shows that online bookstores have already taken more than 10% of all book sales in China. In large cities, online shopping has become the main book-buying method. With online bookstores gradually growing in the book market, the difficulties for real bookstores are becoming increasingly clear. Recently, JiFengShuYuan has had to face the possibility of closure (倒闭) because of the bad effects of online competition and high rent. "We all have the same problem as JiFengShuYuan's. Real bookstores are going to disappear sooner or later,"said Ms. Shi sadly.
But at this hard time, Eslite Bookstore overseas is doing very well. Few Eslite bookstores sell only books. Instead, most of the store space is given to tapes and CDs, clothes, and other high-profit items. This is how Eslite pays for the rent.
12．Why did Wangdu Bookstore start to lose money
A．Bookselling was a low-profit business.
B．It had to pay more for the costs and rent.
C．Online bookstores were developing fast.
D．It gave a much lower discount to customers.
13．Why does the author use the example of Eslite Bookstore in the last paragraph
A．To show that the bookselling isn't a good business.
B．To give a quite different example of a real bookstore.
C．To tell the readers that real bookstores may disappear.
D．To advise real bookstore owners to give up their businesses.
14．What can we infer from the passage
A．JiFengShuYuan is not doing business at present.
B．Online bookstores can offer customers discounts lower than 15%.
C．People in both large and small cities prefer buying books online.
D．Real bookstore owners are not smart enough to run their businesses.
15．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The success of Eslite Bookstore.
B．The advantages of online bookstores.
C．The problems faced by Wangdu Bookstore.
D．The difficulties faced by real bookstores.
二、阅读，第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At present, the American young people always disagree with as well as admire the old. 16． . For example, they aren't pleased with school, with their parents, or with the rules made by the community they live in. 17． . And they don't seem to understand that discipline (纪律) and taking responsibility for their actions mean a better development of their personalities.
18． . If your father says you are not allowed to go out because you have got a bad mark, you will get upset and consider he is not right. But you don't understand that if you are not deprived (剥夺) of some things you consider as usual in your life, you won't understand the seriousness of your acts.
The American young people often do many kinds of foolish things: smoking, drinking, skipping classes. These do help them to catch the adults' attention, but they also have to bear the consequences of their actions: no money, no holidays, no fun. 19． .
On the other hand you admire what your parents have achieved: a well-paid job, a nice car, a comfortable house and above all the safety of their future. 20． . However, you have to realize all the efforts they had to make to get everything they have now.
A. You want to have the same as well.
B. The young should always respect the old.
C. So, it is better to think twice before doing something foolish.
D. They always consider the rules they have to obey are too strict.
E. Parents always concentrate on what their children have achieved.
F. The younger generation can always find something to argue about.
G. Teenagers always get angry about what their parents tell them to do.
三、语言运用，第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 10 years old, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not 21． to the treatment. Sydney died at the age of 11.
After her death, I felt sad and discouraged. I decided to turn these 22． emotions into positive actions. When I was 15 years old, I 23． the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD协会) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a 24． for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children.
Over the 25． , PPD has held fund-raisers across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots event, a garage sale, just 26． $900, but our latest fund-raiser, the 2012 golf tournament, 27． over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars.
I've been shocked by the 28． recognition that the guild has earned. PPD received a(n) 29． from President and spoke at a TED Conference. Each of these honors has raised awareness and money for our 30． .
The effort we have made has 31． helped cancer research. PPD has provided funding for 32． discoveries, such as "Tumor Paint", which illuminates (照亮) cancerous cells so that doctors can 33． them with unprecedented accuracy. The 34． appeared in Time magazine. I am very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology.
Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with passion and dedication, it is possible to make a 35． in the world.
21．A． respond B． contribute C． adapt D． appeal
22．A． positive B． attractive C． alternative D． negative
23．A． sought B． left C． founded D． heard
24．A． patient B． doctor C． hospital D． cure
25．A． weeks B． days C． years D． months
26．A． raised B． cost C． took D． rose
27．A． took on B． turned out
C． brought in D． came across
28．A． private B． little C． secret D． public
29．A． scholarship B． award C． food D． gift
30．A． study B． concern C． family D． community
31．A． rarely B． probably C． hardly D． truly
32．A． artistic B． scientific C． classic D． athletic
33．A． know B． ignore C． remove D． protect
34．A． finding B． creation C． invitation D． conclusion
35．A． record B． promise C． living D． difference
四、语言运用，第二节 （共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is widely known 36． its ancient civilization. In this passage, we will introduce the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates 37． several thousand years to the use of longgu. During that time, symbols 38． (carve) on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 39． (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms because the Chinese people were divided geographically, 40． (lead) to many varieties of dialects and 41． (character). However, Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country 42． the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was very important in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works 43． (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Now the Chinese writing system can be seen 44． an art form—Chinese calligraphy.
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, 45． increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
五、写作第一节 (满分15分)
46． 假如你是李华，你的朋友 Caroline 发来邮件向你求助，她近来因考试成绩不佳，深受打击，逐渐对学习失去信心，请你给她写一封回信，帮助她重拾信心。具体内容如下： 1. 给予安慰； 2. 提出建议； 3. 加以鼓励。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
六、写作，第二节 （满分25分）
47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sue and Johnsy had their art studio in Greenwich Village. In November, an unknown disease struck this village and Johnsy was seriously sick with it. The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, "She has one chance in ten. And that chance is for her to want to live. "
Sue came into Johnsy's room, only to find Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: "Ten, nine, eight, seven. . . "
"What are you counting, dear " asked Sue. "They're falling faster now,"replied Johnsy. "Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now there are only five left. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn't the doctor tell you "
"Oh, I never heard of such nonsense. Now, try to take some broth (肉汤) , and let yourself relax. "quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy's mind was made up. "I don't want any broth. I just want to see the last leaf fall. "
"Try to sleep." said Sue. Then she went to fetch her neighbour Mr Behrman, a failed painter, to be a model for her drawing. In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief, "Such a foolish idea! This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Someday I will create a masterpiece, and we shall all go away. "
Behrman and Sue looked out of the window at the vine（藤蔓）and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking as if thinking of something artistic. What's more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened. One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain. "It will fall today, for sure. And I will die with it. "
That day in the afternoon, the doctor came, not for Johnsy, but for Mr Behrman, who was found lying in bed helplessly with pain, his shoes and clothing wet through and icy cold, and some brushes, paints, a lantern and a ladder on the ground.
注意：1. 写作词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The following day, Johnsy commanded that the curtain be raised again.
……
After Behrman's funeral（葬礼）, Sue came to Johnsy who was sipping her soup, and said, "I have something to tell you. "
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几家海滩宾馆的特色和价格等信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Druridge Bay, Northumberland部分中的"The kids can explore the towering grassland dunes that shelter the bay，and just 300 yards from the beach is the Druridge Bay County Park and Visitor Centre with wildlife displays and play areas."孩子们可以探索庇护海湾的高耸的草原沙丘，距离海滩仅300码的地方是德鲁里奇湾县公园和游客中心，那里有野生动物展览和游乐区。可知，如果对野生动物展览感兴趣可以去诺森伯兰郡德鲁里奇湾。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Camber Sands, East Sussex部分中的"If you haven't bought a picnic，the village's Rye Bay Cafe is good for lunch and the nearby Rye Bay Nature Reserve provides walking，cycling and bird watching options."如果你没有买野餐，村里的黑麦湾咖啡馆是午餐的好去处，附近的黑麦湾自然保护区提供散步、骑自行车和观鸟的选择。可知，在坎伯金沙可以观鸟。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据Bantham Beach, Devon部分中的"The 14th-century Sloop Inn （01548-560489，sloopatbantham.co.uk） has summer doubles from ￡145 per night （and it's only a couple of hundred yards to the beach）."14世纪单桅客栈（01548-560489，sloopatbantham.co.uk）的夏季双人间每晚145英镑起（距离海滩只有几百码；Camber Sands, East Sussex部分中的"Charming double rooms at The Galivant （01797-225057，thegalivant.co.uk） start at￡115 per night."在The Galivant酒店（01797-225057，thegalivant.co.uk）有迷人的双人房，起价为每晚115英镑；以及Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife 部分中的"Lunch at Sands Beachfront Cafe and book a room at Forth View Hotel （01383-860402，forthviewhotel.co.uk），where doubles cost from￡85 per night."午餐在金沙海滨咖啡馆，并在Forth View酒店预订房间（01383-860402，forthviewhotel.co.uk），双人间每晚85英镑起。可知，单桅客栈双人间收费最高。故选A。
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个在海里游玩时避免被鲨鱼攻击的方法，以确保自己的安全。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"If one is in a boat that is rubbed against by a shark，he should remember the creature is not trying to upset his boat；it is probably trying to rub off sea lice （海虱）.A beat，especially on the nose，will scare it away."如果一个人在一条被鲨鱼摩擦的船上，他应该记住这个生物并不是想打翻他的船，它很可能是想要擦掉身上的海虱。一拳，尤其是打在鼻子上，能把它吓走。可知，当鲨鱼在船上摩擦时，你可以打它的鼻子，将它赶走，故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Several species are known to attack human beings，and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks，once having tasted human blood，develop a taste for it."已知有几种鲨鱼会攻击人类，一些专家认为，某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对它产生味觉。可知，某些鲨鱼在尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对其产生兴趣，故划线句的意思为：某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对其产生兴趣，从而攻击人类，故选A。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Skin divers，particularly those who go deep down in the water or among rocks and ledges（暗礁） that serve as hiding places for sharks，are taking unnecessary risks."潜水员，尤其是那些潜入水深处或是潜入岩石和岩壁中作为鲨鱼藏身之处的潜水员，正在冒着不必要的风险。可知，鲨鱼经常藏身在岩石和岩壁中，故选C。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Clearly，these violent fish can be dangerous.Several species are known to attack human beings，and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks，once having tasted human blood，develop a taste for it. "清楚的是，这些暴力的鱼是很危险的。已知有几种鲨鱼会攻击人类，一些专家认为，某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会喜欢上它。可知，鲨鱼是会攻击人类的，游泳者应该要很小心鲨鱼，故选C。
【答案】8．C
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了原谅别人能对自己的身体能带来好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Nearly everyone would agree that it is very hard to let go of anger after you have been hurt by someone.However，research shows that forgiveness is good for your health.It can give you more energy，help you sleep better."几乎每个人都认为当你被别人伤害时，你是很难不去生气的。但是，研究表明，原谅对你的身体有好处。它能使你精力充沛，给你带来更多的帮助，让你睡眠更好。可知，本文主要讲述原谅他人的好处，且后文介绍了几种让自己冷静的方式，因此文章通过介绍原谅他人所带来的好处来告诉我们：当有人伤害了你，试着去原谅。故选C。
9．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Finally，remember that forgiving someone does not mean that you have accepted their action.It only means that you have chosen to let go of the hurt."总之，要记住，原谅别人并不意味着你接受他们的行为。它只意味着你选择放手伤害。可知，原谅别人并不是接受别人对你的伤害的行为，故选C。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘It can reduce the wear and tear on our bodies，'says Dr Luskin，‘and allow people to feel more energetic.'""它可以减少我们身体的______，"Dr Luskin说，"让人们感觉更有活力。"可推知，原谅别人可以给人带来身体上的好处，此处的划线词意思是"伤害"，原谅别人可以减少身体上的伤害，故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"When you have been hurt，first try to calm yourself down：breathe deeply and force yourself to think of something pleasant，such as someone you love or a beautiful sunset."当你感觉受到了伤害，首先，尽量让自己冷静下来，深呼吸并强迫自己想一些令人愉悦的事情，比如说你爱的人和美丽的日落。可知此处对应A选项；"Train yourself to see beauty，love and kindness in the world around you."让自己去看到身边的美、爱和善良。可知此处对应B选项；以及"Try to stand in his shoes to see the situation"努力让自己站在别人的角度去看待问题。可知此处对应C选项（。可知，当你受到伤害时，让自己冷静下来的方法包括深呼吸，想一些开心的事情、学会寻找身边的美、爱和善良以及学会站在他人的角度来看待问题，故选D。
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了因为网上购物的流行，导致很多实体书店面临倒闭的风险，即使它们提供打折，也无济于事。但是诚品书店在海外却经营得很好，因为它很不止卖书，还卖磁带、CD、衣服和其他物品。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly."当网上书店迅速发展时，望都书店就开始亏损。"可知，望都书店开始亏损是因为网上书店迅速发展起来，故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"But at this hard time, Eslite Bookstore overseas is doing very well. Few Eslite bookstores sell only books. Instead, most of the store space is given to tapes and CDs, clothes, and other high-profit items. This is how Eslite pays for the rent."但是在这艰难的时间里，诚品书店在海外却经营得很好。很少的诚品书店只卖书籍。相反，大多数的商店还经销磁带、CD、衣服和其他物品，用于支付其高额的租金。可知，文章在末尾处提出了一个相反的例子，即使在实体书店很艰难的时候，它仍然靠着自身的智慧经营得很好，故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method."为了打开市场并培养读者的购买习惯，网上书店将低价作为一种重要的销售方式；以及第二段"‘We offer a 10% discount to customers and 15% to club members. At these discount levels, our book sales are still going down,' Ms. Shi said. She believes low costs and no rent are big reasons why online bookstores are growing so quickly. "施说："我们向顾客提供10%的折扣，向俱乐部会员提供15%的折扣。在这样的水平下，我们的图书销量仍在下降。"她认为，低成本和无租金是网上书店增长如此之快的主要原因。可知，实体书店最低折扣是15%，然而网上书店却以低价作为主要的销售方式，可推知，网上书店可以提供低于15%的折扣，故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Wangdu Bookstore was founded 13 years ago. The owner Ms. Shi said, "Bookselling is a low-profit business. More and more people buy books from online bookstores because they are offering bigger discounts." Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly. To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method."望都书店成立于13年前。施说："图书销售是一项低利润的业务。越来越多的人从网上书店购买书籍，因为他们提供更大的折扣。"两三年前，当网上书店迅速发展时，望都书店开始亏损。为了打开市场并培养读者的购买习惯，网上书店将低价作为一种重要的销售方式。可知，文章以望都书店为代表，主要讲述了因为网上购物的流行，导致很多实体书店面临倒闭的风险，即使它们提供打折，也无济于事的现状，"实体书店面临的困难"符合文章主旨大意，故选D。
【答案】16．F；17．D；18．G；19．C；20．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，就美国年轻人现状进行分析以及给出建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇社会生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"At present，the American young people always disagree with as well as admire the old."目前，美国年轻人对老年人总是既不认同又不尊重。可知，这里主要讲年轻人不尊重老年人， F. The younger generation can always find something to argue about. "年轻一代总能找到一些可以争论的话题。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"For example，they aren't pleased with school，with their parents，or with the rules made by the community they live in."例如，他们对学校、父母或所在社区制定的规则不满意；以及空后"And they don't seem to understand that discipline （纪律） and taking responsibility for their actions mean a better development of their personalities."他们似乎不明白纪律和为自己的行为负责意味着他们的个性得到更好的发展。可知，这里主要是列举年轻人存在的问题， D. They always consider the rules they have to obey are too strict. "他们总是认为他们必须遵守的规则太严格了。"符合语境，其中they代指上文the American young people。故选D。
18．根据空后"If your father says you are not allowed to go out because you have got a bad mark，you will get upset and consider he is not right.But you don't understand that if you are not deprived （剥夺） of some things you consider as usual in your life，you won't understand the seriousness of your acts."如果你的父亲说你因为分数不好而不允许外出，你会很沮丧，认为他是不对的。但你不明白，如果你没有被剥夺一些你认为生活中正常的事情，你就不会理解你行为的严重性。可知，这段主要讲年轻人对父母的作为不认同。G. Teenagers always get angry about what their parents tell them to do."青少年总是对父母让他们做的事感到愤怒。"符合语境，对下文总括，起到启下作用。故选G。
19．根据空前"The American young people often do many kinds of foolish things：smoking，drinking，skipping classes.These do help them to catch the adults' attention，but they also have to bear the consequences of their actions：no money，no holidays，no fun. "美国年轻人经常做很多愚蠢的事情：抽烟、喝酒、逃课。这些确实有助于他们吸引成年人的注意力，但他们也必须承担自己行为的后果：没有钱，没有假期，没有乐趣。可知，这段主要讲美国年轻人经常做很多愚蠢的事情，但是也要为自己的行为负责，C. So，it is better to think twice before doing something foolish."所以，做傻事之前最好三思。"符合语境，其中something foolish与上文 foolish things对应，且so与上文构成因果关系。故选C。
20．根据空前"On the other hand you admire what your parents have achieved：a well-paid job，a nice car，a comfortable house and above all the safety of their future."另一方面，你钦佩父母所取得的成就：一份高薪的工作，一辆好车，一栋舒适的房子，最重要的是他们的未来安全。可知，这里主要讲年轻人羡慕父母所拥有的一切，A. You want to have the same as well."你也想要同样的。"符合语境。其中the same代指前文的内容。故选A。
【答案】21．A；22．D；23．C；24．D；25．C；26．A；27．C；28．D；29．B；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者由于好朋友死于癌症而感到悲伤，于是化悲愤为力量创立了粉红圆点协会PPD，目的是筹集足够的资金来寻找脑癌的治疗方法。经过多年努力，PPD获得了极高的公众认可度，并为"肿瘤涂料"等科学发现提供了资金。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：Sydney与病魔作斗争，但癌症对治疗没有良好反应。A.respond"（对某种治疗）有良好反应"；B.contribute"贡献"；C.adapt"改编"；D.appeal"呼吁"。根据下文"Sydney died at the age of 11. "Sydney在11岁时去世。可知，此处是指癌症对治疗没有良好反应。故选A。
22．句意：我决定把这些消极情绪转化为积极的行动。A.positive"积极的"；B.attractive"有吸引力的"；C.alternative"可替代的，备选的"；D.negative"消极的"。根据上文"After her death，I felt sad and discouraged. "她死后，我感到悲伤和沮丧。可知，此处是指把这些消极情绪转化为积极的行动。故选D。
23．句意：当我15岁的时候，我和两个朋友创立了粉红圆点协会。A.sought"寻找"；B.left"离开"；C.founded"创立"；D.heard"听到"。根据空后"the Pink Polka Dots Guild"可知，此处是指和两个朋友创立了粉红圆点协会。故选C。
24．句意：我的目标是筹集足够的资金来寻找脑癌的治疗方法，脑癌是儿童中第二大常见癌症。A.patient "病人"；B.doctor"医生"；C.hospital"医院"；D.cure"治疗方法"。根据空前"raise enough money to find"和"for brain cancer"可知，此处是指寻找脑癌的治疗方法。故选D。
25．句意：多年来，PPD一直在全市举办募捐活动。A.weeks"周"；B.days"天"；C.years"年"；D.months"月"。根据下文"but our latest fund-raiser，the 2012 golf tournament "但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，可知，此处是指多年来。故选C。
26．句意：第一次粉红圆点活动，一个车库甩卖，只筹集了900美元，但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，收获了超过73000美元。A.raised"筹集"；B.cost"花费"；C.took"拿走"；D.rose"上升"。根据空前"The first Pink Polka Dots event，a garage sale"可知，此处是指第一次粉红圆点活动只筹集了900美元。故选A。
27．句意：第一次粉红圆点活动，一个车库甩卖，只筹集了900美元，但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，收获了超过73000美元。A.took on"承担"；B.turned out "证明是"；C.brought in"收获"；D.came across"遇见"。根据空前"our latest fund-raiser，the 2012 golf tournament"可知，此处是指收获了超过73000美元。故选C。
28．句意：我对公会获得的公众认可感到震惊。A.private"私人的"；B.little"小的"；C.secret"秘密的"；D.public"公众的"。根据空后"and spoke at a TED Conference"并在TED大会上发言，可知，此处是指获得的公众认可。故选D。
29．句意：PPD获得了总统颁发的奖项，并在TED会议上发表了演讲。A.scholarship"奖学金"；B.award"奖项"；C.food"食物"；D.gift"礼物"。根据下文"Each of these honor"可推知，此处是指获得了总统颁发的奖项。故选B。
30．句意：每一项荣誉都为我们的关心的事提高了意识并筹集了资金。A.study"研究"；B.concern"关心的事"；C.family"家庭"；D.community"社区"。根据上文"My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer"可知，此处是指为"我"们关注的事情。故选B。
31．句意：我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。A.rarely"罕见地，几乎不"；B.probably"可能地"；C.hardly"几乎不"；D.truly"确实"。根据下文"PPD has provided funding for 12 discoveries"可知，PPD已经为一些发现提供了经费，此处是指所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。故选D。
32．句意：PPD为科学发现提供了资金，比如"肿瘤涂料"，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以前所未有的精确度去除它们。A.artistic"艺术性的"；B.scientific"科学的"；C.classic"经典的"；D.athletic "体育的"。根据空后"such as‘Tumor Paint'，which illuminates （照亮） cancerous cells"可知，此处是指PPD为科学发现提供了资金。故选B。
33．句意：PPD为科学发现提供了资金，比如"肿瘤涂料"，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以前所未有的精确度去除它们。A.know"知道"；B.ignore"忽视"；C.remove"去除"；D.protect"保护"。根据空后"with unprecedented accuracy"可知，此处是指去除癌细胞。故选C。
34．句意：这一发现发表在《时代》杂志上。A.finding"发现"；B.creation"创造"；C.invitation"邀请"；D.conclusion"结论"。根据上文"discoveries"可知，此处是指这一发现。故选A。
35．句意：我的经历告诉我，只要有激情和奉献，就有可能改变世界。A.record"记录"；B.promise"承诺"；C.living"生计"；D.difference"不同"。根据上文"I am very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology. "我很自豪能够资助这项拯救生命的技术的研究。可知，此处是指只要有激情和奉献就有可能改变世界，make a difference固定短语，"产生变化，造成影响"。故选D。
【答案】36．for；37．back；38．were carved；39．had become；40．leading；41．characters；42．where；43．written；44．as；45．an
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国汉字的历史。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，副词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，定语从句，介词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍中文写作系统。be known for固定短语，"因.....而出名"，故填for。
37．句意：龙骨的使用可以追溯到几千年前。date back to 固定短语，"追溯到....."，故填back。
38．句意：在那段时间里，动物的骨头和外壳上都刻着符号。此处是谓语动词，与主语 symbols 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合时间状语During that time，应用一般过去时，故填were carved 。
39．句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一个发达的书写系统。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 By the Shang Dynasty ，应用过去完成时，故填 had become 。
40．句意：多年来，由于中国人在地理上的划分，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了方言和文字的多样性。此处现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填 leading 。
41．句意：多年来，由于中国人在地理上的划分，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了方言和文字的多样性。此处与名词 varieties 并列，应用复数名词，故填 characters 。
42．句意：然而，秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction 是限制性定语从句， one unified country 在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。
43．句意：现代人可以阅读中国古代的经典著作。 the classic works 与 write 在逻辑上是动宾关系，过去分词作定语，故填 written 。
44．句意：现在中国的书写系统可以看作是一种艺术形式——中国书法。see ...as...固定短语，"把.....看作......."，故填as。
45．句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填an。
46．【答案】Dear Caroline,
I am terribly sorry to hear that you have trouble in study and lose confidence. I am writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help on it.
First of all, it is wise of you to work on positive thinking because a positive thinking will lead to positive results. Don't worry about letting yourself or others down. Additionally, it is strongly advised that you'd better set realistic goals and break the overall goal into smaller ones, which makes it easy for you to get a sense of accomplishment.
I am firmly convinced that you will regain confidence with your efforts. Please contact me with any other questions. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封回信。写作背景：你的朋友 Caroline 发来邮件向你求助，她近来因考试成绩不佳，深受打击，逐渐对学习失去信心 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 给予安慰； 2. 提出建议； 3. 加以鼓励。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I am terribly sorry to hear that you have trouble in study and lose confidence.运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句； I am writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help on it. 运用了不定式作目的状语，限制性定语从句；First of all, it is wise of you to work on positive thinking because a positive thinking will lead to positive results. 运用了it作形式主语，原因状语从句；Don't worry about letting yourself or others down.运用了祈使句； Additionally, it is strongly advised that you'd better set realistic goals and break the overall goal into smaller ones, which makes it easy for you to get a sense of accomplishment.运用了it作形式主语，主语从句，非限制性定语从句；I am firmly convinced that you will regain confidence with your efforts. 运用了宾语从句；Please contact me with any other questions.运用了祈使句。
47．【答案】The following day, Johnsy commanded that the curtain be raised again. Miraculously, the leaf was still there, clinging to its stem against the wall, like a strong-willed soldier holding his arms. Staring at the scene for a while, Johnsy turned to Sue and said in a soft voice, "I've been a silly girl, Sue. It is definitely a crime to want to die. Now,could you bring me a little broth, and help me sit up. " At this, a flicker of a smile crossed Sue's face, as she knew inside the embers of hope, the fire of life had been rekindled. "Of course, dear,"responded Sue with great relief. With a strong desire for life and careful nursing, Johnsy was on the road to recovery. MrBehrman, however, failed in the fight against the disease which claimed his life mercilessly.After Behrman's funeral（葬礼）, Sue came to Johnsy who was sipping her soup, and said, "I have something to tell you. " Seated on the bed, Johnsy listened to her attentively. "Mr Behrman died for art and also for you, dear. "Sue paused for a moment, eyes moist with tears. "Look out of the window at the last leaf. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew Ah, dear, it's Behrman's last masterpiece. He painted it there the night when the last leaf fell. " Upon hearing this, Johnsy felt as if she were struck by a sudden thunder, too shocked and moved to utter a single word. It didn't occur to her that in an attempt to cheer her up, Mr Behrman had created such an amazing piece of art at the cost his own life. She decided at that moment that she would cherish and live her life to the utmost and embrace this world with kindness and gratitude.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了得了肺炎的Johnsy对生命失去了希望，就等着窗外的最后一片树叶掉了之后就要死去了。但是她的朋友Sue请求画家Behrman画了一片叶子，并把它挂在外面的树上，终于Johnsy又对生活有了希望和活力，但是画家却因为疾病不幸去世了的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"第二天，Johnsy又命令把窗帘拉起来。"可知，第一段可描写那片叶子还在那里，Johnsy重新燃起生命之火。②由第二段首句内容"Behrman的葬礼结束后，Sue走到正在喝汤的Johnsy身边说：‘我有事要告诉你。'"可知，第二段可描写Johnsy听到Behrman的故事深受感动，并积极去生活。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Miraculously, the leaf was still there, clinging to its stem against the wall, like a strong-willed soldier holding his arms. 运用了现在分词作伴随状语，现在分词作定语； At this, a flicker of a smile crossed Sue's face, as she knew inside the embers of hope, the fire of life had been rekindled.运用了原因状语从句，宾语从句；MrBehrman, however, failed in the fight against the disease which claimed his life mercilessly.运用了限制性定语从句‘'Sue paused for a moment, eyes moist with tears. 运用了独立主格结构；Look out of the window at the last leaf.运用了祈使句； Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew 运用了宾语从句，时间状语从句； He painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.运用了时间状语从句； Upon hearing this, Johnsy felt as if she were struck by a sudden thunder, too shocked and moved to utter a single word. 运用了表语从句，虚拟语气；It didn't occur to her that in an attempt to cheer her up, Mr Behrman had created such an amazing piece of art at the cost his own life. 运用了固定句式It occurs to sb. that ...；She decided at that moment that she would cherish and live her life to the utmost and embrace this world with kindness and gratitude.运用了宾语从句。
1 / 1山西省阳泉市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷
一、阅读，第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）
阅读理解
Bantham Beach, Devon
The South Devon coast is knee-deep in Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Bantham is a golden bank of sand. There are rock pools for younger children and for their elders. This is one of the county's favourite surfing beaches.
The 14th-century Sloop Inn (01548-560489, sloopatbantham. co. uk) has summer doubles from ￡145 per night (and it's only a couple of hundred yards to the beach).
Camber Sands, East Sussex
Head to the western end of the overflow car park and then it's a pleasant walk through dunes (沙丘) to your own private area on the endless sands.
If you haven't bought a picnic, the village's Rye Bay Cafe is good for lunch and the nearby Rye Bay Nature Reserve provides walking, cycling and bird watching options.
Charming double rooms at The Galivant (01797-225057, thegalivant. co. uk) start at￡115 per night.
Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife
This small, rural, sandy beach is beside woodland and offers dreamy views out to the islands of Inchmickery and Inchcolm.
The Fife coastal path passes through and there's a good walking road following the cliff top to Hawkcraig with views across the River Forth to Edinburgh.
Lunch at Sands Beachfront Cafe and book a room at Forth View Hotel (01383-860402, forthviewhotel. co. uk), where doubles cost from￡85 per night.
Druridge Bay, Northumberland
Druridge Bay has 99 acres of golden, sweeping sands. The kids can explore the towering grassland dunes that shelter the bay, and just 300 yards from the beach is the Druridge Bay County Park and Visitor Centre with wildlife displays and play areas.
Food can be had at the Widdrington Inn (eight miles away) while Eshott Hall (01670-787454, eshotthall. co. uk) has doubles from￡120 per night.
1．Where will you go if you are interested in wildlife displays
A．Bantham Beach, Devon B．Camber Sands, East Sussex
C．Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife D．Druridge Bay, Northumberland
2．Which of the following can you enjoy at Camber Sands
A．Surfing in rock pools. B．Watching birds.
C．Playing in a park. D．Exploring islands.
3．Which hotel charges the most for a double room
A．Sloop Inn. B．The Galivant.
C．Forth View Hotel. D．Eshott Hall.
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．A
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几家海滩宾馆的特色和价格等信息。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查细节理解。根据Druridge Bay, Northumberland部分中的"The kids can explore the towering grassland dunes that shelter the bay，and just 300 yards from the beach is the Druridge Bay County Park and Visitor Centre with wildlife displays and play areas."孩子们可以探索庇护海湾的高耸的草原沙丘，距离海滩仅300码的地方是德鲁里奇湾县公园和游客中心，那里有野生动物展览和游乐区。可知，如果对野生动物展览感兴趣可以去诺森伯兰郡德鲁里奇湾。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Camber Sands, East Sussex部分中的"If you haven't bought a picnic，the village's Rye Bay Cafe is good for lunch and the nearby Rye Bay Nature Reserve provides walking，cycling and bird watching options."如果你没有买野餐，村里的黑麦湾咖啡馆是午餐的好去处，附近的黑麦湾自然保护区提供散步、骑自行车和观鸟的选择。可知，在坎伯金沙可以观鸟。故选B。
3．考查细节理解。根据Bantham Beach, Devon部分中的"The 14th-century Sloop Inn （01548-560489，sloopatbantham.co.uk） has summer doubles from ￡145 per night （and it's only a couple of hundred yards to the beach）."14世纪单桅客栈（01548-560489，sloopatbantham.co.uk）的夏季双人间每晚145英镑起（距离海滩只有几百码；Camber Sands, East Sussex部分中的"Charming double rooms at The Galivant （01797-225057，thegalivant.co.uk） start at￡115 per night."在The Galivant酒店（01797-225057，thegalivant.co.uk）有迷人的双人房，起价为每晚115英镑；以及Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife 部分中的"Lunch at Sands Beachfront Cafe and book a room at Forth View Hotel （01383-860402，forthviewhotel.co.uk），where doubles cost from￡85 per night."午餐在金沙海滨咖啡馆，并在Forth View酒店预订房间（01383-860402，forthviewhotel.co.uk），双人间每晚85英镑起。可知，单桅客栈双人间收费最高。故选A。
阅读理解
With more and more people swimming at beaches every year, the problem of sharks takes on new importance. There are people who still insist that sharks never attack human beings unless they are bleeding or wounded, but this thought has not been clearly proved. In the past few years, on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, there have been cases of shark attacks which resulted in death. And just how many of the swimmers who have disappeared were victims of shark attacks will never be known. Clearly, these violent fish can be dangerous. Several species are known to attack human beings, and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks, once having tasted human blood, develop a taste for it.
The chances that one will come across a shark are small, but certain measures should be taken by everyone. Putting hands or legs over the side of a boat in warm water is to be avoided. Swimming far out from beaches is inviting trouble. No swimmer should go great distances from shore alone, or go into the water when nobody else is about. Skin divers, particularly those who go deep down in the water or among rocks and ledges(暗礁) that serve as hiding places for sharks, are taking unnecessary risks.
If one is in a boat that is rubbed against by a shark, he should remember the creature is not trying to upset his boat; it is probably trying to rub off sea lice (海虱). A beat, especially on the nose, will scare it away. If a swimmer comes across a shark, he should swim away as quietly as possible, trying to avoid making it angry. He should also head for shore (岸) as quickly as possible.
4．What should be done if a shark rubs against your boat
A．Stir up the water. B．Shout and scream.
C．Kick the shark. D．Hit it on the nose.
5．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Certain sharks will become interested in human blood when they have tasted it.
B．Certain sharks will hate human blood again after they have tasted it.
C．Certain sharks will taste human blood every day after they have tasted it.
D．Certain sharks will lose sense of taste when they have tasted human blood.
6．Where do sharks sometimes hide themselves
A．Places with sea lice in water.
B．Somewhere near the beaches.
C．Among the rocks and ledges.
D．It isn't mentioned in the passage.
7．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Some people don't think sharks will attack human.
B．It's impossible for swimmers to run into sharks.
C．Swimmers should be very careful about sharks.
D．It's safe to swim alone far away from the bench.
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个在海里游玩时避免被鲨鱼攻击的方法，以确保自己的安全。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"If one is in a boat that is rubbed against by a shark，he should remember the creature is not trying to upset his boat；it is probably trying to rub off sea lice （海虱）.A beat，especially on the nose，will scare it away."如果一个人在一条被鲨鱼摩擦的船上，他应该记住这个生物并不是想打翻他的船，它很可能是想要擦掉身上的海虱。一拳，尤其是打在鼻子上，能把它吓走。可知，当鲨鱼在船上摩擦时，你可以打它的鼻子，将它赶走，故选D。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Several species are known to attack human beings，and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks，once having tasted human blood，develop a taste for it."已知有几种鲨鱼会攻击人类，一些专家认为，某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对它产生味觉。可知，某些鲨鱼在尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对其产生兴趣，故划线句的意思为：某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会对其产生兴趣，从而攻击人类，故选A。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Skin divers，particularly those who go deep down in the water or among rocks and ledges（暗礁） that serve as hiding places for sharks，are taking unnecessary risks."潜水员，尤其是那些潜入水深处或是潜入岩石和岩壁中作为鲨鱼藏身之处的潜水员，正在冒着不必要的风险。可知，鲨鱼经常藏身在岩石和岩壁中，故选C。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Clearly，these violent fish can be dangerous.Several species are known to attack human beings，and it is believed by some experts that certain sharks，once having tasted human blood，develop a taste for it. "清楚的是，这些暴力的鱼是很危险的。已知有几种鲨鱼会攻击人类，一些专家认为，某些鲨鱼一旦尝过人类的鲜血后，就会喜欢上它。可知，鲨鱼是会攻击人类的，游泳者应该要很小心鲨鱼，故选C。
阅读理解
Nearly everyone would agree that it is very hard to let go of anger after you have been hurt by someone. However, research shows that forgiveness is good for your health. It can give you more energy, help you sleep better. According to Dr Frederic Luskin, author of the book Forgive for Good, people who are able to forgive are less angry and more hopeful. "It can reduce the wear and tear on our bodies," says Dr Luskin, "and allow people to feel more energetic. "
You are probably asking yourself, "How is it possible to forgive " It is not easy, but here are some suggestions to try. When you have been hurt, first try to calm yourself down: breathe deeply and force yourself to think of something pleasant, such as someone you love or a beautiful sunset. Thinking about the hurt is of no use; it only gives power to the person who hurt you. Train yourself to see beauty, love and kindness in the world around you. Never wait for an apology, because you may be waiting forever. Very often the one who hurt you will never think of apologizing, either because they meant to hurt you or because they don't understand your point of view. It can be very helpful to you to write yourself a letter, imagining what the other person's perspective might be. Try to stand in his shoes to see the situation; you may realize that the hurt was a result of ignorance or fear — or maybe even love. Finally, remember that forgiving someone does not mean that you have accepted their action. It only means that you have chosen to let go of the hurt.
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Forgiveness is possible for all people.
B．We should not wait for an apology.
C．When someone has hurt you, try to forgive.
D．Forgiveness can be extremely difficult.
9．Which statement is NOT true according to the passage
A．Forgiveness can make people feel more energetic.
B．People who forgive show less anger and more hope.
C．Forgiveness means you accept the hurting actions.
D．Being lost in hate may bring you deeper hurt and pain.
10．What does the underlined phrase in the first paragraph mean
A．Damage. B．Energy. C．Waste. D．Sensitivity.
11．How can you calm yourself when someone has hurt you
A．Take deep breaths and think of something pleasant.
B．Learn to look for love, beauty and kindness around you.
C．Try to see things from the other person's perspective.
D．All of the above.
【答案】8．C
9．C
10．A
11．D
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；科普类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了原谅别人能对自己的身体能带来好处。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"Nearly everyone would agree that it is very hard to let go of anger after you have been hurt by someone.However，research shows that forgiveness is good for your health.It can give you more energy，help you sleep better."几乎每个人都认为当你被别人伤害时，你是很难不去生气的。但是，研究表明，原谅对你的身体有好处。它能使你精力充沛，给你带来更多的帮助，让你睡眠更好。可知，本文主要讲述原谅他人的好处，且后文介绍了几种让自己冷静的方式，因此文章通过介绍原谅他人所带来的好处来告诉我们：当有人伤害了你，试着去原谅。故选C。
9．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Finally，remember that forgiving someone does not mean that you have accepted their action.It only means that you have chosen to let go of the hurt."总之，要记住，原谅别人并不意味着你接受他们的行为。它只意味着你选择放手伤害。可知，原谅别人并不是接受别人对你的伤害的行为，故选C。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"‘It can reduce the wear and tear on our bodies，'says Dr Luskin，‘and allow people to feel more energetic.'""它可以减少我们身体的______，"Dr Luskin说，"让人们感觉更有活力。"可推知，原谅别人可以给人带来身体上的好处，此处的划线词意思是"伤害"，原谅别人可以减少身体上的伤害，故选A。
11．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"When you have been hurt，first try to calm yourself down：breathe deeply and force yourself to think of something pleasant，such as someone you love or a beautiful sunset."当你感觉受到了伤害，首先，尽量让自己冷静下来，深呼吸并强迫自己想一些令人愉悦的事情，比如说你爱的人和美丽的日落。可知此处对应A选项；"Train yourself to see beauty，love and kindness in the world around you."让自己去看到身边的美、爱和善良。可知此处对应B选项；以及"Try to stand in his shoes to see the situation"努力让自己站在别人的角度去看待问题。可知此处对应C选项（。可知，当你受到伤害时，让自己冷静下来的方法包括深呼吸，想一些开心的事情、学会寻找身边的美、爱和善良以及学会站在他人的角度来看待问题，故选D。
阅读理解
Wangdu Bookstore was founded 13 years ago. The owner Ms. Shi said, "Bookselling is a low-profit business. More and more people buy books from online bookstores because they are offering bigger discounts. " Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly. To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method.
"We offer a 10% discount to customers and 15% to club members. At these discount levels, our book sales are still going down," Ms. Shi said. She believes low costs and no rent are big reasons why online bookstores are growing so quickly.
A survey shows that online bookstores have already taken more than 10% of all book sales in China. In large cities, online shopping has become the main book-buying method. With online bookstores gradually growing in the book market, the difficulties for real bookstores are becoming increasingly clear. Recently, JiFengShuYuan has had to face the possibility of closure (倒闭) because of the bad effects of online competition and high rent. "We all have the same problem as JiFengShuYuan's. Real bookstores are going to disappear sooner or later,"said Ms. Shi sadly.
But at this hard time, Eslite Bookstore overseas is doing very well. Few Eslite bookstores sell only books. Instead, most of the store space is given to tapes and CDs, clothes, and other high-profit items. This is how Eslite pays for the rent.
12．Why did Wangdu Bookstore start to lose money
A．Bookselling was a low-profit business.
B．It had to pay more for the costs and rent.
C．Online bookstores were developing fast.
D．It gave a much lower discount to customers.
13．Why does the author use the example of Eslite Bookstore in the last paragraph
A．To show that the bookselling isn't a good business.
B．To give a quite different example of a real bookstore.
C．To tell the readers that real bookstores may disappear.
D．To advise real bookstore owners to give up their businesses.
14．What can we infer from the passage
A．JiFengShuYuan is not doing business at present.
B．Online bookstores can offer customers discounts lower than 15%.
C．People in both large and small cities prefer buying books online.
D．Real bookstore owners are not smart enough to run their businesses.
15．What's the main idea of the passage
A．The success of Eslite Bookstore.
B．The advantages of online bookstores.
C．The problems faced by Wangdu Bookstore.
D．The difficulties faced by real bookstores.
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会现象类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了因为网上购物的流行，导致很多实体书店面临倒闭的风险，即使它们提供打折，也无济于事。但是诚品书店在海外却经营得很好，因为它很不止卖书，还卖磁带、CD、衣服和其他物品。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly."当网上书店迅速发展时，望都书店就开始亏损。"可知，望都书店开始亏损是因为网上书店迅速发展起来，故选C。
13．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"But at this hard time, Eslite Bookstore overseas is doing very well. Few Eslite bookstores sell only books. Instead, most of the store space is given to tapes and CDs, clothes, and other high-profit items. This is how Eslite pays for the rent."但是在这艰难的时间里，诚品书店在海外却经营得很好。很少的诚品书店只卖书籍。相反，大多数的商店还经销磁带、CD、衣服和其他物品，用于支付其高额的租金。可知，文章在末尾处提出了一个相反的例子，即使在实体书店很艰难的时候，它仍然靠着自身的智慧经营得很好，故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method."为了打开市场并培养读者的购买习惯，网上书店将低价作为一种重要的销售方式；以及第二段"‘We offer a 10% discount to customers and 15% to club members. At these discount levels, our book sales are still going down,' Ms. Shi said. She believes low costs and no rent are big reasons why online bookstores are growing so quickly. "施说："我们向顾客提供10%的折扣，向俱乐部会员提供15%的折扣。在这样的水平下，我们的图书销量仍在下降。"她认为，低成本和无租金是网上书店增长如此之快的主要原因。可知，实体书店最低折扣是15%，然而网上书店却以低价作为主要的销售方式，可推知，网上书店可以提供低于15%的折扣，故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Wangdu Bookstore was founded 13 years ago. The owner Ms. Shi said, "Bookselling is a low-profit business. More and more people buy books from online bookstores because they are offering bigger discounts." Wangdu Bookstore started to lose money two or three years ago when online bookstores grew rapidly. To open up the market and develop readers' buying habits, online bookstores use low prices as an important sales method."望都书店成立于13年前。施说："图书销售是一项低利润的业务。越来越多的人从网上书店购买书籍，因为他们提供更大的折扣。"两三年前，当网上书店迅速发展时，望都书店开始亏损。为了打开市场并培养读者的购买习惯，网上书店将低价作为一种重要的销售方式。可知，文章以望都书店为代表，主要讲述了因为网上购物的流行，导致很多实体书店面临倒闭的风险，即使它们提供打折，也无济于事的现状，"实体书店面临的困难"符合文章主旨大意，故选D。
二、阅读，第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At present, the American young people always disagree with as well as admire the old. 16． . For example, they aren't pleased with school, with their parents, or with the rules made by the community they live in. 17． . And they don't seem to understand that discipline (纪律) and taking responsibility for their actions mean a better development of their personalities.
18． . If your father says you are not allowed to go out because you have got a bad mark, you will get upset and consider he is not right. But you don't understand that if you are not deprived (剥夺) of some things you consider as usual in your life, you won't understand the seriousness of your acts.
The American young people often do many kinds of foolish things: smoking, drinking, skipping classes. These do help them to catch the adults' attention, but they also have to bear the consequences of their actions: no money, no holidays, no fun. 19． .
On the other hand you admire what your parents have achieved: a well-paid job, a nice car, a comfortable house and above all the safety of their future. 20． . However, you have to realize all the efforts they had to make to get everything they have now.
A. You want to have the same as well.
B. The young should always respect the old.
C. So, it is better to think twice before doing something foolish.
D. They always consider the rules they have to obey are too strict.
E. Parents always concentrate on what their children have achieved.
F. The younger generation can always find something to argue about.
G. Teenagers always get angry about what their parents tell them to do.
【答案】16．F；17．D；18．G；19．C；20．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，就美国年轻人现状进行分析以及给出建议。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇社会生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"At present，the American young people always disagree with as well as admire the old."目前，美国年轻人对老年人总是既不认同又不尊重。可知，这里主要讲年轻人不尊重老年人， F. The younger generation can always find something to argue about. "年轻一代总能找到一些可以争论的话题。"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
17．根据空前"For example，they aren't pleased with school，with their parents，or with the rules made by the community they live in."例如，他们对学校、父母或所在社区制定的规则不满意；以及空后"And they don't seem to understand that discipline （纪律） and taking responsibility for their actions mean a better development of their personalities."他们似乎不明白纪律和为自己的行为负责意味着他们的个性得到更好的发展。可知，这里主要是列举年轻人存在的问题， D. They always consider the rules they have to obey are too strict. "他们总是认为他们必须遵守的规则太严格了。"符合语境，其中they代指上文the American young people。故选D。
18．根据空后"If your father says you are not allowed to go out because you have got a bad mark，you will get upset and consider he is not right.But you don't understand that if you are not deprived （剥夺） of some things you consider as usual in your life，you won't understand the seriousness of your acts."如果你的父亲说你因为分数不好而不允许外出，你会很沮丧，认为他是不对的。但你不明白，如果你没有被剥夺一些你认为生活中正常的事情，你就不会理解你行为的严重性。可知，这段主要讲年轻人对父母的作为不认同。G. Teenagers always get angry about what their parents tell them to do."青少年总是对父母让他们做的事感到愤怒。"符合语境，对下文总括，起到启下作用。故选G。
19．根据空前"The American young people often do many kinds of foolish things：smoking，drinking，skipping classes.These do help them to catch the adults' attention，but they also have to bear the consequences of their actions：no money，no holidays，no fun. "美国年轻人经常做很多愚蠢的事情：抽烟、喝酒、逃课。这些确实有助于他们吸引成年人的注意力，但他们也必须承担自己行为的后果：没有钱，没有假期，没有乐趣。可知，这段主要讲美国年轻人经常做很多愚蠢的事情，但是也要为自己的行为负责，C. So，it is better to think twice before doing something foolish."所以，做傻事之前最好三思。"符合语境，其中something foolish与上文 foolish things对应，且so与上文构成因果关系。故选C。
20．根据空前"On the other hand you admire what your parents have achieved：a well-paid job，a nice car，a comfortable house and above all the safety of their future."另一方面，你钦佩父母所取得的成就：一份高薪的工作，一辆好车，一栋舒适的房子，最重要的是他们的未来安全。可知，这里主要讲年轻人羡慕父母所拥有的一切，A. You want to have the same as well."你也想要同样的。"符合语境。其中the same代指前文的内容。故选A。
三、语言运用，第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was 10 years old, my friend Sydney suffered from a brain cancer. Sydney fought against it, but the cancer did not 21． to the treatment. Sydney died at the age of 11.
After her death, I felt sad and discouraged. I decided to turn these 22． emotions into positive actions. When I was 15 years old, I 23． the Pink Polka Dots Guild (PPD协会) with two friends. My goal is to raise enough money to find a 24． for brain cancer, which is the second most common cancer in children.
Over the 25． , PPD has held fund-raisers across the city. The first Pink Polka Dots event, a garage sale, just 26． $900, but our latest fund-raiser, the 2012 golf tournament, 27． over $73,000. In the past five years, we have raised almost a million dollars.
I've been shocked by the 28． recognition that the guild has earned. PPD received a(n) 29． from President and spoke at a TED Conference. Each of these honors has raised awareness and money for our 30． .
The effort we have made has 31． helped cancer research. PPD has provided funding for 32． discoveries, such as "Tumor Paint", which illuminates (照亮) cancerous cells so that doctors can 33． them with unprecedented accuracy. The 34． appeared in Time magazine. I am very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology.
Pink Polka Dots has inspired me to be an activist. My experience has taught me that with passion and dedication, it is possible to make a 35． in the world.
21．A． respond B． contribute C． adapt D． appeal
22．A． positive B． attractive C． alternative D． negative
23．A． sought B． left C． founded D． heard
24．A． patient B． doctor C． hospital D． cure
25．A． weeks B． days C． years D． months
26．A． raised B． cost C． took D． rose
27．A． took on B． turned out
C． brought in D． came across
28．A． private B． little C． secret D． public
29．A． scholarship B． award C． food D． gift
30．A． study B． concern C． family D． community
31．A． rarely B． probably C． hardly D． truly
32．A． artistic B． scientific C． classic D． athletic
33．A． know B． ignore C． remove D． protect
34．A． finding B． creation C． invitation D． conclusion
35．A． record B． promise C． living D． difference
【答案】21．A；22．D；23．C；24．D；25．C；26．A；27．C；28．D；29．B；30．B；31．D；32．B；33．C；34．A；35．D
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者由于好朋友死于癌症而感到悲伤，于是化悲愤为力量创立了粉红圆点协会PPD，目的是筹集足够的资金来寻找脑癌的治疗方法。经过多年努力，PPD获得了极高的公众认可度，并为"肿瘤涂料"等科学发现提供了资金。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：Sydney与病魔作斗争，但癌症对治疗没有良好反应。A.respond"（对某种治疗）有良好反应"；B.contribute"贡献"；C.adapt"改编"；D.appeal"呼吁"。根据下文"Sydney died at the age of 11. "Sydney在11岁时去世。可知，此处是指癌症对治疗没有良好反应。故选A。
22．句意：我决定把这些消极情绪转化为积极的行动。A.positive"积极的"；B.attractive"有吸引力的"；C.alternative"可替代的，备选的"；D.negative"消极的"。根据上文"After her death，I felt sad and discouraged. "她死后，我感到悲伤和沮丧。可知，此处是指把这些消极情绪转化为积极的行动。故选D。
23．句意：当我15岁的时候，我和两个朋友创立了粉红圆点协会。A.sought"寻找"；B.left"离开"；C.founded"创立"；D.heard"听到"。根据空后"the Pink Polka Dots Guild"可知，此处是指和两个朋友创立了粉红圆点协会。故选C。
24．句意：我的目标是筹集足够的资金来寻找脑癌的治疗方法，脑癌是儿童中第二大常见癌症。A.patient "病人"；B.doctor"医生"；C.hospital"医院"；D.cure"治疗方法"。根据空前"raise enough money to find"和"for brain cancer"可知，此处是指寻找脑癌的治疗方法。故选D。
25．句意：多年来，PPD一直在全市举办募捐活动。A.weeks"周"；B.days"天"；C.years"年"；D.months"月"。根据下文"but our latest fund-raiser，the 2012 golf tournament "但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，可知，此处是指多年来。故选C。
26．句意：第一次粉红圆点活动，一个车库甩卖，只筹集了900美元，但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，收获了超过73000美元。A.raised"筹集"；B.cost"花费"；C.took"拿走"；D.rose"上升"。根据空前"The first Pink Polka Dots event，a garage sale"可知，此处是指第一次粉红圆点活动只筹集了900美元。故选A。
27．句意：第一次粉红圆点活动，一个车库甩卖，只筹集了900美元，但我们最近的筹款活动，2012年的高尔夫锦标赛，收获了超过73000美元。A.took on"承担"；B.turned out "证明是"；C.brought in"收获"；D.came across"遇见"。根据空前"our latest fund-raiser，the 2012 golf tournament"可知，此处是指收获了超过73000美元。故选C。
28．句意：我对公会获得的公众认可感到震惊。A.private"私人的"；B.little"小的"；C.secret"秘密的"；D.public"公众的"。根据空后"and spoke at a TED Conference"并在TED大会上发言，可知，此处是指获得的公众认可。故选D。
29．句意：PPD获得了总统颁发的奖项，并在TED会议上发表了演讲。A.scholarship"奖学金"；B.award"奖项"；C.food"食物"；D.gift"礼物"。根据下文"Each of these honor"可推知，此处是指获得了总统颁发的奖项。故选B。
30．句意：每一项荣誉都为我们的关心的事提高了意识并筹集了资金。A.study"研究"；B.concern"关心的事"；C.family"家庭"；D.community"社区"。根据上文"My goal is to raise enough money to find a cure for brain cancer"可知，此处是指为"我"们关注的事情。故选B。
31．句意：我们所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。A.rarely"罕见地，几乎不"；B.probably"可能地"；C.hardly"几乎不"；D.truly"确实"。根据下文"PPD has provided funding for 12 discoveries"可知，PPD已经为一些发现提供了经费，此处是指所做的努力确实帮助了癌症研究。故选D。
32．句意：PPD为科学发现提供了资金，比如"肿瘤涂料"，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以前所未有的精确度去除它们。A.artistic"艺术性的"；B.scientific"科学的"；C.classic"经典的"；D.athletic "体育的"。根据空后"such as‘Tumor Paint'，which illuminates （照亮） cancerous cells"可知，此处是指PPD为科学发现提供了资金。故选B。
33．句意：PPD为科学发现提供了资金，比如"肿瘤涂料"，它能照亮癌细胞，这样医生就能以前所未有的精确度去除它们。A.know"知道"；B.ignore"忽视"；C.remove"去除"；D.protect"保护"。根据空后"with unprecedented accuracy"可知，此处是指去除癌细胞。故选C。
34．句意：这一发现发表在《时代》杂志上。A.finding"发现"；B.creation"创造"；C.invitation"邀请"；D.conclusion"结论"。根据上文"discoveries"可知，此处是指这一发现。故选A。
35．句意：我的经历告诉我，只要有激情和奉献，就有可能改变世界。A.record"记录"；B.promise"承诺"；C.living"生计"；D.difference"不同"。根据上文"I am very proud to have helped fund the research of this life-saving technology. "我很自豪能够资助这项拯救生命的技术的研究。可知，此处是指只要有激情和奉献就有可能改变世界，make a difference固定短语，"产生变化，造成影响"。故选D。
四、语言运用，第二节 （共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is widely known 36． its ancient civilization. In this passage, we will introduce the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates 37． several thousand years to the use of longgu. During that time, symbols 38． (carve) on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 39． (become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms because the Chinese people were divided geographically, 40． (lead) to many varieties of dialects and 41． (character). However, Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country 42． the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was very important in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works 43． (write) by Chinese in ancient times. Now the Chinese writing system can be seen 44． an art form—Chinese calligraphy.
As China plays a greater role in global affairs, 45． increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
【答案】36．for；37．back；38．were carved；39．had become；40．leading；41．characters；42．where；43．written；44．as；45．an
【知识点】说明文；社会文化类；社会历史类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国汉字的历史。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，副词，时态语态，非谓语动词，名词，定语从句，介词，冠词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
36．句意：中国因其古老的文明而广为人知。在这篇文章中，我们将介绍中文写作系统。be known for固定短语，"因.....而出名"，故填for。
37．句意：龙骨的使用可以追溯到几千年前。date back to 固定短语，"追溯到....."，故填back。
38．句意：在那段时间里，动物的骨头和外壳上都刻着符号。此处是谓语动词，与主语 symbols 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合时间状语During that time，应用一般过去时，故填were carved 。
39．句意：到了商代，这些符号已经成为一个发达的书写系统。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语 By the Shang Dynasty ，应用过去完成时，故填 had become 。
40．句意：多年来，由于中国人在地理上的划分，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了方言和文字的多样性。此处现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填 leading 。
41．句意：多年来，由于中国人在地理上的划分，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，导致了方言和文字的多样性。此处与名词 varieties 并列，应用复数名词，故填 characters 。
42．句意：然而，秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。 the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction 是限制性定语从句， one unified country 在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填where。
43．句意：现代人可以阅读中国古代的经典著作。 the classic works 与 write 在逻辑上是动宾关系，过去分词作定语，故填 written 。
44．句意：现在中国的书写系统可以看作是一种艺术形式——中国书法。see ...as...固定短语，"把.....看作......."，故填as。
45．句意：随着中国在全球事务中发挥越来越大的作用，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。此处是泛指，应用不定冠词，故填an。
五、写作第一节 (满分15分)
46． 假如你是李华，你的朋友 Caroline 发来邮件向你求助，她近来因考试成绩不佳，深受打击，逐渐对学习失去信心，请你给她写一封回信，帮助她重拾信心。具体内容如下： 1. 给予安慰； 2. 提出建议； 3. 加以鼓励。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
……
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Caroline,
I am terribly sorry to hear that you have trouble in study and lose confidence. I am writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help on it.
First of all, it is wise of you to work on positive thinking because a positive thinking will lead to positive results. Don't worry about letting yourself or others down. Additionally, it is strongly advised that you'd better set realistic goals and break the overall goal into smaller ones, which makes it easy for you to get a sense of accomplishment.
I am firmly convinced that you will regain confidence with your efforts. Please contact me with any other questions. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以李华的身份写一封回信。写作背景：你的朋友 Caroline 发来邮件向你求助，她近来因考试成绩不佳，深受打击，逐渐对学习失去信心 。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括： 1. 给予安慰； 2. 提出建议； 3. 加以鼓励。 提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：I am terribly sorry to hear that you have trouble in study and lose confidence.运用了不定式作原因状语，宾语从句； I am writing to express my genuine concern and share with you some suggestions that might be of some help on it. 运用了不定式作目的状语，限制性定语从句；First of all, it is wise of you to work on positive thinking because a positive thinking will lead to positive results. 运用了it作形式主语，原因状语从句；Don't worry about letting yourself or others down.运用了祈使句； Additionally, it is strongly advised that you'd better set realistic goals and break the overall goal into smaller ones, which makes it easy for you to get a sense of accomplishment.运用了it作形式主语，主语从句，非限制性定语从句；I am firmly convinced that you will regain confidence with your efforts. 运用了宾语从句；Please contact me with any other questions.运用了祈使句。
六、写作，第二节 （满分25分）
47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sue and Johnsy had their art studio in Greenwich Village. In November, an unknown disease struck this village and Johnsy was seriously sick with it. The doctor took Sue aside and claimed, "She has one chance in ten. And that chance is for her to want to live. "
Sue came into Johnsy's room, only to find Johnsy's eyes were open, but they weren't watching her. Instead, she stared out the window and counted backwards: "Ten, nine, eight, seven. . . "
"What are you counting, dear " asked Sue. "They're falling faster now,"replied Johnsy. "Three days ago there were almost a hundred. But now there are only five left. When the last one falls, I must go, too. Didn't the doctor tell you "
"Oh, I never heard of such nonsense. Now, try to take some broth (肉汤) , and let yourself relax. "quickly replied Sue. But Johnsy's mind was made up. "I don't want any broth. I just want to see the last leaf fall. "
"Try to sleep." said Sue. Then she went to fetch her neighbour Mr Behrman, a failed painter, to be a model for her drawing. In 40 years he had never produced the masterpiece he longed to paint. Sue told him about Johnsy's longing to slip away like the leaves. Behrman cried with disbelief, "Such a foolish idea! This is not a place in which Miss Johnsy shall lie sick. Someday I will create a masterpiece, and we shall all go away. "
Behrman and Sue looked out of the window at the vine（藤蔓）and noticed that there was just one remaining leaf. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking as if thinking of something artistic. What's more, a cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
The next morning, Johnsy woke and asked for the curtains to be opened. One leaf remained on the vine, bravely holding on in the wind and rain. "It will fall today, for sure. And I will die with it. "
That day in the afternoon, the doctor came, not for Johnsy, but for Mr Behrman, who was found lying in bed helplessly with pain, his shoes and clothing wet through and icy cold, and some brushes, paints, a lantern and a ladder on the ground.
注意：1. 写作词数应为150个左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The following day, Johnsy commanded that the curtain be raised again.
……
After Behrman's funeral（葬礼）, Sue came to Johnsy who was sipping her soup, and said, "I have something to tell you. "
【答案】The following day, Johnsy commanded that the curtain be raised again. Miraculously, the leaf was still there, clinging to its stem against the wall, like a strong-willed soldier holding his arms. Staring at the scene for a while, Johnsy turned to Sue and said in a soft voice, "I've been a silly girl, Sue. It is definitely a crime to want to die. Now,could you bring me a little broth, and help me sit up. " At this, a flicker of a smile crossed Sue's face, as she knew inside the embers of hope, the fire of life had been rekindled. "Of course, dear,"responded Sue with great relief. With a strong desire for life and careful nursing, Johnsy was on the road to recovery. MrBehrman, however, failed in the fight against the disease which claimed his life mercilessly.After Behrman's funeral（葬礼）, Sue came to Johnsy who was sipping her soup, and said, "I have something to tell you. " Seated on the bed, Johnsy listened to her attentively. "Mr Behrman died for art and also for you, dear. "Sue paused for a moment, eyes moist with tears. "Look out of the window at the last leaf. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew Ah, dear, it's Behrman's last masterpiece. He painted it there the night when the last leaf fell. " Upon hearing this, Johnsy felt as if she were struck by a sudden thunder, too shocked and moved to utter a single word. It didn't occur to her that in an attempt to cheer her up, Mr Behrman had created such an amazing piece of art at the cost his own life. She decided at that moment that she would cherish and live her life to the utmost and embrace this world with kindness and gratitude.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了得了肺炎的Johnsy对生命失去了希望，就等着窗外的最后一片树叶掉了之后就要死去了。但是她的朋友Sue请求画家Behrman画了一片叶子，并把它挂在外面的树上，终于Johnsy又对生活有了希望和活力，但是画家却因为疾病不幸去世了的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"第二天，Johnsy又命令把窗帘拉起来。"可知，第一段可描写那片叶子还在那里，Johnsy重新燃起生命之火。②由第二段首句内容"Behrman的葬礼结束后，Sue走到正在喝汤的Johnsy身边说：‘我有事要告诉你。'"可知，第二段可描写Johnsy听到Behrman的故事深受感动，并积极去生活。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。例如：Miraculously, the leaf was still there, clinging to its stem against the wall, like a strong-willed soldier holding his arms. 运用了现在分词作伴随状语，现在分词作定语； At this, a flicker of a smile crossed Sue's face, as she knew inside the embers of hope, the fire of life had been rekindled.运用了原因状语从句，宾语从句；MrBehrman, however, failed in the fight against the disease which claimed his life mercilessly.运用了限制性定语从句‘'Sue paused for a moment, eyes moist with tears. 运用了独立主格结构；Look out of the window at the last leaf.运用了祈使句； Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew 运用了宾语从句，时间状语从句； He painted it there the night when the last leaf fell.运用了时间状语从句； Upon hearing this, Johnsy felt as if she were struck by a sudden thunder, too shocked and moved to utter a single word. 运用了表语从句，虚拟语气；It didn't occur to her that in an attempt to cheer her up, Mr Behrman had created such an amazing piece of art at the cost his own life. 运用了固定句式It occurs to sb. that ...；She decided at that moment that she would cherish and live her life to the utmost and embrace this world with kindness and gratitude.运用了宾语从句。
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