黑龙江省哈尔滨市重点中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题
一、第二部分，阅读理解，第一节(共19小题:每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)
阅读理解
Stay safe witb Sonder
As a foreign student arriving in Australia, you may feel both excited and anxious. The prospect of arriving in a new county where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging, particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in a accident or fell seriously ill.
Sonder Australia aims to lessen that worry by providing an Australia-wide, multilingual rapid response network, available on-demand 24/7 via a mobile app. The Sonder app has following unique features. When required, Sonder can also work with Murdoch to provide further well-being support
1．Who may the text be targeted at in Australia
A．Taxi drivers. B．international students.
C．New settlers. D．Travelers from abroad.
2．Which part of the app functions at a set time
A．24/7 help. B．Check on me.
C．Safety alerts. D．Track my journey.
3．What technology is used in all the four features
A．Bluetooth connection. B．Voice interaction.
C．Cross-platform communication. D．Geographical positioning.
阅读理解
I like to believe that some things in life never change. A constant, ever since I could hold a pen, has been the routine at lunch with my grandfather. My grandmother will ask me how the walk was from my parents' house before I take a seat at their kitchen table.
Sitting in his usual spot in the comer is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick "hello" before heading back down to the crossword purz.le in front of him.
"So, how is this one coming alone " I'll ask. With a failed laugh, he'll slide the crossword toward me. Carefully cut and neatly folded from his newspaper, three quarters of it will already have been finished. Many of the clues are far too advanced for me to figure out. However, I'm happy to help with the strange clue related to sports - my expert knowledge一that still remains.
Even if I'm certain of an answer, I fill in the squares with a pencil, as clues are always checked thoroughly by my grandfather. In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved.
Today, lunch unfolds in its usual manner. However, large parts of the puzzle are blank.
"Grandfather, I think this is 49 down... and this, 52 across," I say.
"Oh, right Yes, put that down there," he replies.
I reach across the table to hand him the crossword. Looking at him as he searches for answers, suddenly l feel something different. I note his hair is whiter than I remembered. For the first time I think about my grandfather as, well, a grandfather.
But life is about change we aren't always prepared for. Just as we are on different ends of life, we find ourselves on different ends of the city now too. But at lunch, when we lake up our pens and open the crossword, the world stands pleasantly sill. Now, instead of an exercise of quick wit (才思), our crosswords are about patience and understanding. As clues are slowly understood, so are the truths in life.
4．What is the grandfather usually doing when the author visits him
A．He is concentrating all his efforts on the crossword.
B．He is preparing lunch happily as a routine.
C．He is cutting crossword puzzles from newspapers carefully.
D．He is creating new crosswords for us.
5．What does"go over" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Switch. B．Repeat. C．Guess. D．Discover.
6．Which of the following wards can best describe the grandfather
A．Independent and funny. B．Quiet and hone:l
C．Humorous and helpful. D．Enthusiastic and careful.
7．What does the author think of the crosswords now
A．They improve his intelligence and patience
B．They bring his grandparents closer to him
C．They help him to understand the truths of life.
D．They encourage him to solve problems in life.
阅读理解
If you see a young person in their early 20s driving a car in any Western city, you would not normally give them a second glance. However, in Christchurch, a city in New Zealand's South Island, people do look suspiciously at anyone under 2S in a car. What they are really looking for is a yellow sticker on the car windows. The reason: a new scheme (方案) is targeting car thefts, using a yellow sticker programme.
Half of all car thefts in the quiet city are committed by people under 25, police say, and each year vehicles worth 6.2 million disappear "for good". Police say that car theft is now so worrying that if a good idea"comes along" they'll use it. They say one has. It is called the Under-25 Scheme.
Because of the young age of car thieves in general, police invite owners whose cars are not normally driven by people under 25 to place a yellow triangle on front or back car windows. If police see anyone under 25 driving the car with a yellow triangle sticker on the window, they can stop the car and check the driver.
Police now say it has worked well enough over the last 18 months for them to test it nationally. Robin Scott, a Christchurch crime prevention officer says, "For the 13 months until last October we had 42 fewer cars stolen in Christchurch than the previous year一and only eight carrying stickers were stolen."
Meanwhile, youth advocates in Christchurch feel offended with it. Sam Fisher, a city communications employee, says,"If you divide people up like this, you' re going down the road to asking, 'Who are the thieves in the community What is the color of their skin Where do they live What's their gender " so you target young black males living in a suburb. That's the problem you end up with."
As for the police, the real issues seem to be finding a sponsor to pay for the whole sticker scheme.
8．What does the underlined word:"one" in paragraph 2,refer to
A．An idea. B．A thief. C．A sticker D．A policeman.
9．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Why he Under-25 Scheme was introduced.
B．How the Under-25 Scheme functions.
C．Who benefits from the Under- 25 Scheme.
D．What effects the Under-25 Scheme has.
10．What is Sam Fisher's attitude towards the Under-25 Scheme
A．Curious. B．Optimistic. C．Disappointed. D．Indifferent
11．What can be inferred about the scheme from the last paragraph
A．It needs the approval of the government
B．It needs extra funds
C．It remains under discussion.
D．It has covered the whole nation.
阅读理解
Since the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed in 1973, it has helped hundreds of species avoid extinction in the United States. The strong conservation policy has been used as a model in other countries. But it's not as successful as it could be, a new study finds.
Researchers have discovered most species are not being protected until their numbers have become so low that their chance of recovery is slim.
"The ESA is an incredibly powerful law for protecting our endangered wildlife. Yet, for decades, the agency primarily responsible for operationalizing the ESA- the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)一has been starved of resources," lead author Erich Eberhard says.
"As a result, we are very slow 10 give species the protection that they deserve. We typically wait until species are extremely rare and thus at extreme risk of extinction, and then, when a species is finally listed, the USFWS starts trying to recover it."
In 1993, a study found that few species received protection under the ESA until their populations became very small. For the new study, researchers repeated the methods used in the earlier research to see whether protections have become better since the problem was first noted. They also looked at trends in "wait times"一the amount of time between when a species is identified as potentially needing protection and when it actually receives protection under the ESA.
"Our analysis suggests that, in the nearly 30 years since attention was first brought to this problem, we have not become more active in protecting endangered species," says Eberhard.
The researchers found that the population sizes of species when they first became protected under the ESA are not statistically different from those in the 1993 study. They also discovered that there are long wait limes between when a species is identified as likely needing protection and when they actually receive them.
I can say that our study paints the current state of the ESA as a bit of cautionary (告诫的tale for the strong conservation policy," says Eberhard.
12．What problem does the USF WS have protecting endangered species
A．It takes ineffective measures.
B．It is lacking in resources.
C．It can't get timely information.
D．It is an irresponsible organization.
13．What is the purpose of the new study
A．To try out new ways to protect endangered species.
B．To find out the exact number of endangered species.
C．To check the time needed to save endangered species.
D．To see i endangered species have been better protected.
14．What can we learn about the new study according to the passage
A．It has found out many more endangered species.
B．It may contribute to better wildlife conservation.
C．It has proved the role of the public in conservation.
D．It has shown some effective ways to protect animals.
15．What can be the best title for the text
A．The USFWS Needs Stronger Laws
B．The ESA Has Achieved Great Success
C．New Conservation Laws Are on the Way
D．The Endangered Species Act Isn't Working Well
阅读理解
You've ordered a new pair of shoes online. They arrive; you rush to the front door and carry the box as you open it. You untie the laces, guide them toward your feet and they don't fit
So, back in the box they go and an hour later you drop them at the local collections store. It's disappointing. The shoes have never been worn and they'll be making their way to a new home soon. Right Wrong.
What does happen to our goods when we order online and then return them The reality is that much of it simply ends up in landfill (垃圾场). Each year, 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns in the world. In the US alone, customers return approximately 3.5 billion products, of which only 20% are actually faulty according to Optoro, a company which specializes in tackling (解决) the returns.
It turns out that returns create a real headache for companies. Many companies simply don't have the technology to handle these faults in returned goods, so it is often most profitable for them to sell them cheaply to discounters via a web of shipping, driving and flying them around the globe, or to simply truck them to the dump.
Optoro's software helps retailers (零售商) and manufactures resell unsold goods more easily. They offer a number of options for retailers, including a website切resell their goods, called Bling, as well as helping with re-routing goods t donation, store shelves, Amazon or eBay. They estimate their work helps reduce landfill waste by 70%.
Ann Starodaj, Senior Director of Sustainability at Optoro, says that while consumer habits might still be harmful, creating a profitable and environmentally friendly fashion model from start to finish is the way forward: "I don't think people are going to stop buying stuff, but creating a business model where you're making it easier for them to make sustainable choices is very important"
16．What are he statistics in paragraph 3 describing
A．Waste disposal. B．Goods delivery.
C．Clothing fashion. D．Waste returns.
17．Why do returns become a real headache for companies
A．Very little profit can be made.
B．Related technology is not available.
C．Goods are damaged on purpose.
D．No places can be found to bury them.
18．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．A difficult task. B．A marketing website.
C．A practical solution. D．A producing process.
19．What does Ann Starodaj want 10 convey
A．Returns are easy to deal with.
B．People should stop buying goods online.
C．Consumer habits bring about harmful results.
D．It is vi!al Io create a sustainable business model.
二、第二部分，阅读理解，第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
We've all been there一you've sen! a message and it's marked Tread," but you haven't heard anything back. What's the deal In 2011, the word"rbomb" was added to the Urban Dictionary, meaning not responding to or ignoring a message after reading it often deliberately."Rbomb" is common, so learn to be wise. 20．
Expect the best. Remind yourself that the person is probably just busy. Ask yourself if you actually know their schedule. There could be some time commitments you aren't aware of 21． .
For example, they want to give you a longer response but can't right now. They put their phone away to focus on work or school. They accidentally forget to reply. Maybe they think about what they want to say but don't actually text it.
Resist the temptation (诱感) to double-text. 22． If you send a lot of follow-up texts, it'll be hard for them to keep up and they might get overwhelmed. Leave them with just one text to catch up on一the other person will probably appreciate your patience.
23． See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little vague一it happens! You might feel relieved because you find something that is easy to misread.
Put your phone away. 24． Don't let it frustrate or confuse you. If you get your mind off any notifications (通知), you'll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time.
A. Give the receiver a little space so they have a chance to reply.
B. They finished writing the text but failed to send it.
C. Read over your previous messages.
D. You can keep social media from bothering your life.
E. Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind.
F. The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response.
G. Fix your attention closely on next responses.
三、第三部分，完形填空(共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空
白处的最佳选项。
Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter. 25． in the harsh winter without wearing a coat, a boy wrapped his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.
It's a 26． scene but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the dilemma of 11-year- old Johanne are both joyous and 27． .
A young woman siting next to the boy noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him, "Don't you have a 28． " "No, someone stole it," he replied. She inquired and 29． he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 30． draped (披上) her own coat around his shoulders.
Later, another woman gave him her scarf and then 31． . him in her large overcoat. Throughout the day, more and more people 32． to give him gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.
33． Jahanne's experience was an experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Villages. 34． with a hidden camera, the experiment was part of their winter campaign to gather 35． of much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children through the winter. Many of the refugees have left their homes 36． winter clothing.
"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 37． about this boy."Synne Ronning, the information head of SOS Children's Villages Norway, told The Local. She also 38． that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger during the 39． .
25．A． Thanking B． Jumping C． Sleeping D． Trembling
26．A． heartbreaking B． effort-making
C． breathtaking D． history-making
27．A． annoying B． inspiring C． puzzling D． discouraging
28．A． schoolbag B． companion C． jacket D． parcel
29．A． learned B． explored C． commented D． explained
30．A． sympathetically B． pretendingly
C． tiredly D． casually
31．A． carried B． decorated C． placed D． wrapped
32．A． attempted B． desired C． offered D． commanded
33．A． Hopefully B． Actually C． Amazingly D． Naturally
34．A． Made out B． Taken in
C． Carried out D． Brought in
35．A． donations B． suggestions C． demands D． funds
36．A． despite B． without C． in D． for
37．A． curious B． confused C． particular D． concerned
38．A． mentioned B． predicted C． quoted D． believed
39．A． cheating B． filming C． walking D． training
四、第四部分，单句语法填空，阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共25个小题，每小题1分，满分25分)
40． Simon got an (inspire) from a story of a girl, and he set up a volunteer group to help the disabled.
41． Liu Xiang had an (ambition) goal for the future."To be No.1," he said when he was training for the Olympics.
42． Have you ever heard of the expression "Once (bite), twice shy." It means a person who has failed or been hurt is fearful of doing the same thing again.
43． We would rather .go on with the experiment than (give) it up.
44． More details on Philip's funeral arrangements are expected (confirm) by Buckingham Palace on Saturday, according to a royal source.
45． Sales incomes of restaurants and hotel chains rose by 16.4 percent and 30.6 percent on yearly basis, respectively.
46． War, violence and (poor) are still with us and we are probably more aware of these problems worldwide than ever before thanks to advances in technology and communications.
47． We should set what our teachers teach in class in our notebooks.
48． My hometown has changed beyond all (recognize) in the last five years.
49． usual, they left the children at home with Susan.
50． It is (fair) that he gets very lttle in reward for his hard work.
51． (face) with fierce pressure in their careers, many working women said it was difficult for them to achieve a balance between work and family.
52． The boy now regrets (leave) school so young.
53． When I entered the classroom, the lecture had begun and the people (listen) attentively.
54． It was only when I started to reflect on the day I realized I had made a huge mistake.
55． Don't become addicted to online games, (forget) about what is more important
56． I do hope the film (show) tomorrow will be much more wonderful than the one put on yesterday.
57． I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
58． He is the person , I believe, has the ability to do this challenging job.
59． He showed me the new dictionary which he paid a lot of money.
60． Of all the Sony earphones, Maggie preferred the blue pair and bought it with the (remain) 50 euros.
61． He was very normal and didn't stand among others in the crowd.
62． She hit the ball with great (accurate).
63． Don't try to fit in everyone. Make friends with those with the same interest.
64． Rose was too disappointed and (tear) the letter into pieces.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了供澳大利亚的留学生使用的一个应用软件Sonder。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段"As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious.The prospect of arriving in a new county where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging，particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in a accident or fell seriously ill."作为一名抵达澳大利亚的留学生，你可能会感到既兴奋又焦虑。来到一个附近可能没有朋友或家人的新县城的前景可能会令人沮丧，尤其是想到如果你发生事故或患重病，你会怎么做。可知，该文本可能针对澳大利亚的国际学生。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据Check on me部分中的"If you're meeting someone new or going to an unfamiliar destination，you can set a time for us to contact you regularly to make sure you're OK."如果你正在与新认识的人会面或前往一个陌生的目的地，你可以设定一个时间，让我们定期与你联系，以确保你没事。可知，Check on me应用程序的一部分在设定的时间起作用，故选B。
3．考查推理判断。根据24/7 help部分中的"Sonder immediately geo-locates you，establishing your exact location."Sonder立即对您进行地理定位，确定您的确切位置；Check on me部分中的"You can set a Check On Me" duration from 30 minutes to over 8 hours and Sonder will use geo-location technology to monitor you."您可以将"检查我"的持续时间从30分钟设置为8小时以上，Sonder将使用地理定位技术对您进行监控；Safety alerts部分中的"If we detect an incident occurring nearby your location，we'll give you details and ask you to report as‘ safe' or ‘not safe'."如果我们检测到您所在地点附近发生事故，我们将向您提供详细信息，并要求您报告是否安全；以及Track my journey部分中的"The ‘Track My Journey'app feature helps you reach your destination while we track your progress，to ensure your safety at all times.""追踪我的旅程"应用程序功能可帮助您到达目的地，同时我们会追踪您的进度，以确保您的安全。可知，这四个功能都使用了地理定位。故选D。
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者从小就和爷爷一起填字谜，爷爷很认真。现在爷爷老了，没有以前填得快了，作者也长大了，不常和爷爷一起填字谜。但他们在一起填字谜的时光还是很美好。这段经历让给作者明白了生活无时无刻都在改变。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Sitting in his usual spot in the corner is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick ‘hello' before heading back down to the crossword puzzle in front of him."我的祖父习惯性地坐在角落里的位置。他抬起头快速地说了句"hello"，然后回到他面前的填字游戏。可知，作者去看望祖父时，他通常都集中精力在填字游戏上。故选A。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved."在极少数的情况下，我们无法在午餐结束前完成填字游戏，他会在那天晚上给我打电话go over他后来解决的线索。根据句意，祖父后来找到了解决填字游戏的方法，可推知，祖父打电话给作者是给他复述自己的方法，即划线部分 go over 意为"复述"，故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据第二段"Sitting in his usual spot in the corner is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick ‘hello'before heading back down to the crossword puzzle in front of him."我的祖父习惯性地坐在角落里的位置。他抬起头快速地说了句"hello"，然后回到他面前的填字游戏；以及第四段中的"In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved."在极少数的情况下，我们无法在午餐结束前完成填字游戏，他会在那天晚上给我打电话复述他后来解决的线索。可知，作者的祖父花了很多时间在填字游戏上，并且仔细思考之前没有被解出的难题，而且一想到了就会立刻告知作者，由此推知祖父是一个充满热情，仔细的人；再结合第三段中的"Carefully cut and neatly folded from his newspaper, three- quarters of it will already have been finished."他把报纸小心地剪下来，叠的整整齐齐，其中的四分之三已经做好了。也反映出祖父很细心。综上，作者的祖父是一个热情且细心的人。故选D。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"I like to believe that some things in life never change."我认为生活中的事情是永远都不会变的；最后一段中的"But life is about changes we aren't always prepared for."生活总是在不经意间发生变化；以及"But at lunch, when we take up our pens and open the crossword, the world stands pleasantly still. Now，instead of an exercise of quick wit （才思）,our crosswords are about patience and understanding. As clues are slowly understood, so are the truths in life."但午饭时刻，当我们拿起笔打开填字游戏时，整个世界安静得令人愉快。现在，我们的填字游戏是关于耐心和理解，而不是练习快速的机智。正如线索慢慢被理解，生活的真理也是如此。可知，现在作者认为填字游戏让自己明白了生活的真理，即生活从来都是改变的。故选C。
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．C
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；说明文；日常生活类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新西兰南部城市Christchurch为了遏制偷车犯罪，要求车主在车窗上张贴标志，并重点检查25岁以下的驾驶者的做法以及各方的反应。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查代词指代。根据第二段中的"Police say that car theft is now so worrying that if a good idea ‘comes along'they'll use it.They say one has.It is called the Under-25 Scheme."警方说，汽车盗窃现在非常令人担忧，如果一个好主意"出现"，他们就会使用它。他们说有。它被称为25岁以下儿童计划。可以推断出"一个主意"。故选A。
9．考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"If police see anyone under 25 driving the car with a yellow triangle sticker on the windows，they can stop the car and check the driver."如果警察看到25岁以下的人驾驶车窗上有黄色三角形标签的汽车，他们可以停车检查司机。可知介绍的是这个计划的具体功能，故选B。
10．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Sam Fisher, a city communications employee, says,‘If you divide people up like this, you' re going down the road to asking, 'Who are the thieves in the community What is the color of their skin Where do they live What's their gender 'so you target young black males living in a suburb. That's the problem you end up with.'"城市通讯部的一名员工Sam Fisher说："如果你这样划分人群，你会问，‘社区里的小偷是谁？他们的肤色是什么？他们住在哪里？他们的性别是什么？'所以你把目标对准了住在郊区的年轻黑人男性。这就是你最终遇到的问题。"详述了Sam Fisher的对于这个计划的可能产生的后果的失望和担心，故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"As for the police，the real issues seem to be finding a sponsor to pay for the whole sticker scheme，and the extra cost of making the reflective."至于警方，真正的问题似乎是找到一个赞助商来支付整个贴纸计划，以及制作贴纸的额外成本。介绍了这个计划需要找到赞助商，还需要额外的费用购买反光设备，因此从最后一段中关于这个计划可以推断出需要额外的资金。故选B。
【答案】12．B
13．D
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《濒危物种法案》帮助美国数百种物种避免了灭绝。但一项新的研究发现，这种做法并没有预期的那么成功。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，目的意图和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第三段"‘The ESA is an incredibly powerful law for protecting our endangered wildlife.Yet，for decades，the agency primarily responsible for operationalizing the ESA- the US Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS）一has been starved of resources，' lead author Erich Eberhard says.""ESA是保护濒危野生动物的一项非常强大的法律。然而，几十年来，主要负责运作欧空局的机构——美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（USFWS）——一直缺乏资源，"主要作者埃里希 埃伯哈德说。可知美国野生动物管理局在保护濒危物种方面的问题是缺乏资源。故选B。
13．考查目的意图。根据第五段中的"For the new study，researchers repeated the methods used in the earlier research to see whether protections have become better since the problem was first noted."在这项新研究中，研究人员重复了早期研究中使用的方法，以观察自首次发现问题以来，保护措施是否有所改善。可知这项新研究的目的是看看濒危物种是否得到了更好的保护。故选D。
14．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"‘I can say that our study paints the current state of the ESA as a bit of cautionary （告诫的tale for the strong conservation policy，'says Eberhard.""我可以说，我们的研究将欧空局的现状描绘成对强有力的保护政策的一个警告，"埃伯哈德说。可知根据文章，我们可以了解到关于这项新研究可能有助于更好地保护野生动物。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Since the Endangered Species Act （ESA） was passed in 1973，it has helped hundreds of species avoid extinction in the United States.The strong conservation policy has been used as a model in other countries.But it's not as successful as it could be，a new study finds."自从1973年《濒危物种法案》（ESA）通过以来，它已经帮助美国数百种物种避免了灭绝。强保护政策已被其他国家作为典范。但一项新的研究发现，它并没有达到预期的效果。可知这篇短文主要讲述了自1973年通过的濒危物种保护法案以来，该法案帮助了许多物种在美国避免灭绝。然而，一项新研究发现，这一强有力的保护政策并不像预期的那样成功。研究人员发现，大多数物种直到数量变得非常稀少，恢复的机会很渺茫时才会受到保护。研究还发现，物种被确定为需要保护的时间和实际获得保护的时间之间存在很长的等待时间。研究者认为，近30年来，对濒危物种保护问题的关注并没有使我们更积极地保护濒危物种。总之，这项研究对强有力的保护政策提出了警示。"《濒危物种法案》没有很好地发挥作用"适合做文章标题。故选D。
【答案】16．D
17．B
18．C
19．D
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，每年都有大量网购退货造成的垃圾，由此带来的问题非常棘手，对此人们提出了许多建议和可行方案。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Each year，5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns in the world.In the US alone，customers return approximately 3.5 billion products，of which only 20% are actually faulty according to Optoro，a company which specializes in tackling the returns."每年，全世界有50亿磅的垃圾通过退货产生。据专门处理退货问题的Optoro公司称，仅在美国，客户就退货了大约35亿件产品，其中只有20%是有问题的。可知第三段的数据是关于退货产生的浪费的。故选D。
17．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Many companies simply don't have the technology to handle these faults in returned goods，so it is often most profitable for them to sell them cheaply to discounters via a web of shipping，driving and flying them around the globe，or to simply truck them to the dump."许多公司根本没有技术来处理退货中的这些故障，因此，对他们来说，最有利可图的方法往往是通过航运、驾驶和空运网络，将商品廉价卖给折扣店，或者干脆用卡车把它们运到垃圾场。可知，由于相关技术的缺乏，退货成为公司真正头疼的问题。故选B。
18．考查段落大意。根据第五段中的"Optoro's software helps retailers （零售商） and manufacturers resell unsold goods more easily.They offer a number of options for retailers，including a website to resell their goods，called Blinq，as well as helping with re-routing goods to donation，store shelves，Amazon or eBay."Optoro的软件可以帮助零售商和制造商更容易地转售未售出的商品。他们为零售商提供了多种选择，包括一个名为Blinq的转售商品的网站，以及帮助将商品重新安排到捐赠、商店货架、亚马逊或eBay上。可知，第五段主要是讲一个实用的解决退货的办法——Optoro软件。故选C。
19．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Ann Starodaj，Senior Director of Sustainability at Optoro，says that while consumer habits might still be harmful，creating a profitable and environmentally friendly fashion model from start to finish is the way forward"Optoro的可持续发展高级总监Ann Starodaj说，虽然消费者的习惯可能仍然是有害的，但从头到尾创造一种有利可图的环保时尚模式是前进的方向；以及"creating a business model where you're making it easier for them to make sustainable choices is very important"创造一种商业模式，让他们更容易做出可持续的选择是非常重要的可知，Ann Starodaj想要传达的是创建一个可持续的有利可图且环保的商业模式是至关重要的。故选D。
【答案】20．D；21．F；22．A；23．C；24．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当别人阅读你的信息后，不回复你时，要学会心平气和的面对，不要让社交软件影响到你的三次元生活。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
20．根据空后"Here are a few tips"这里有一些建议；以及空前"Rbomb"is common,soleam to be wise"Rbomb很常见所以要学会明智。可知空处应该是承上启下说明可以应用这些建议避免被影响。 D. You can keep social media from bothering your life. "你可以不让社交媒体打扰你的生活。"符合语境。故选D。
21．根据空后"They want to give you a longer response but can't right now. They put their phone away to focus on work or schoolThey accidentally forgot to reply Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn't actually text it."他们想给你一个更长的回复，但现在不行。他们把手机放在一边，专注于工作或学习。他们不小心忘了回复，也许他们想了想要说什么，但并没有真的发出去。可知，此处是在讲一些人们延迟回复的可能，所以空处句子应该是引出这个话题， F. The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response. "以下是延迟回复的其他一些原因"符合语境。故选F。
22．根据空前"Resist the temptation to double- text"不要信息轰炸对方；以及空后"If you send a lot offollow up textsit'll behard for them to keep up and they might get stresed.Leave them with just one text to catch up on-the other person will probablyappreciate your patience."如果你发了很多后续短信，他们很难限上，他们可能会感到压力，只给他们留一条信息，让他们限上讲度一对方可能会感激你的耐心。可知，本段讲述不要一直给对方发信息，要给对方一些时间，让他们跟上你的信息， A. Give the receiver a little space so they have a chance to reply. "给他们一点空间，让他们有机会回答"符合语境。故选A。
23．根据空后"See ifthere are any confusing texts that you nced toclarifylt's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a litle unclear-it happens! You might feelrelievedbecause you found something that waseasy to misread"看看是否有什么令人困感的文本需要清如果你再次查看你的信息，并注意到它可能有点不清楚，这是没有关系的一一这种情况发生了!你可能会感到宽慰，因为你发现了一些容易被误读的东西。可知，本段在说可以仔细检查下你发的信息，看是否右什么令人困感的文本，或许只因某句话表述不清，对方压根就没理辉到你想说什么! C. Read over your previous messages. "阅读你之前的信息"符合语境，故选C。
24．根据空前"Put your phone away"把手机收起来；以及空后"Don't let it upset or confuse you fyou get your mind off anynotifications,you'l be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time."不要让它困扰或迷你如果你不去想任何通知，你就能头脑风暴出新的打发时间的方法。可知，本段主题是把手机放到一边，眼不见，心不烦。与其纠结为什么会被"已读不回"，不如放下手机，做些更有意义的事， E. Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind. "把它放在你看不到的地方，让你的内心平静下来"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
【答案】25．D；26．A；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．B；34．C；35．A；36．B；37．D；38．A；39．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在挪威首都街头进行的慈善实验—拍摄人们对一个寒冬中没有外套的小男孩的反应。并说明此实验是一个慈善组织为帮助叙利亚难民筹集过冬衣物的行动的一部分。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
25．句意：一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上，在寒冷的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A.Thanking"感谢"；B.Jumping"跳"；C.Sleeping"睡觉"；D.Trembling"发抖"。根据上文"Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter."；以及空后"without wearing a coat，"可知，冬天很冷，男孩没有外套；由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷到发抖。故选D。
26．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A.heartbreaking"令人心碎的"；B.effort-making"努力的"；C.breathtaking"令人惊叹的"；D.history-making"创造历史的"。根据上文提到的场景，男孩在零下十度的冬天在一个公交车站边冷到发抖，是一个令人难过、心碎的场景。故选A。
27．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A.annoying"令人生气的"；B.inspiring"鼓舞人心的"；C.puzzling"令人困惑的"；D.discouraging"令人气馁的"。根据空前"It's a 2 scene but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the dilemma of 11-year- old Johanne are both joyous "可知这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。故选B。
28．句意：她马上问他："你没有夹克吗？"A.schoolbag"书包"；B.companion"陪伴"；C.jacket"外套"；D.parcel"包裹"。根据上文" 1 in the harsh winter without wearing a coat，"；以及下文"‘No，someone stole it，' he replied."可知，女人问的是男孩有没有外套。故选C。
29．句意：她询问后得知他正在学校旅行，并被告知在公共汽车站见他的老师。A.learned"了解到"；B.explored"探索"；C.commented"评论"；D.explained"解释"。根据空后"he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop"可知她了解到，他是要去学校，有人告诉他在公交车站等他的老师。故选A。
30．句意：她问他学校的名字，从哪里来，同时同情地把自己的外套搭在他肩上。A.sympathetically"同情地"；B.pretendingly"假装地"；C.tiredly"累地"；D.casually"随意地"。结合常识可知，天气寒冷，年轻女子不顾自己受冻给男孩披上外套，是富有同情心的行为。故选A。
31．句意：后来，另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他，然后把他裹在自己的大大衣里。A.carried"带上"；B.decorated"装饰"；C.placed"放置"；D.wrapped"包住"。根据空后"in her large overcoat"可知，对于男孩来说，女人的衣服非常大，所以此处是很形象地形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。
32．句意：一整天，越来越多的人在等车的时候主动给他手套，甚至脱下身上的外套。A.attempted"试图"；B.desired"想要"；C.offered"提供"；D.commanded"命令"。根据上文"both joyous and 3 ."作者形容这一情境为"鼓舞人心的"可推测，越来越多的人都自发的、主动给小男孩提供自己的衣物。故选C。
33．句意：实际上，乔安娜的经历是挪威慈善机构SOS儿童村的一次实验。A.Hopefully"有希望地"；B.Actually"实际上"；C.Amazingly"惊奇的是"；D.Naturally"自然而然地"。根据空后 "Johanne's experience was an experiment"可知，他的经历实际上是一个实验。故选B。
34．句意：这个实验是用一个隐藏的摄像机进行的，是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是募集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A.Made out"理解"；B.Taken in"吸收"；C.Carried out"实施"，进行；D.Brought in"带来"。根据语境可知此处指进行试验，故选C。
35．句意：这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A.donations"捐赠物"；B.suggestions"建议"；C.demands"命令"；D.funds"资金"。根据空后"of much-needed coats and blankets"可知，收集的是急需的外套和毛毯等捐赠物。故选A。
36．句意：许多难民离家时都没有冬装。A.despite"尽管"；B.without"没有"；C.in"在……里面"；D.for"为了"。结合常识可知，很多难民在没有冬衣的情形下就因为战争等因素被迫离开了家乡，所以才需要社会募捐衣物。故选B。
37．句意：人们应该像关心这个男孩一样，关注叙利亚的儿童。A.curious"好奇的"；B.confused"疑惑的"；C.particular"特别的"；D.concerned"担心的"。根据上文可知，路人纷纷主动给男孩提供衣物，所以肯定是关心这个男孩。故选D。
38．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A.mentioned"提出，提及"；B.predicted"预测"；C.quoted"引用"；D.believed"相信"。根据上文"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 13 about this boy，"可知，Synne Ronning是在说明一些关于这个社会实验的情况，空前有also表示"同样、也"，所以空处也需要填和"说明"近义或同义的词。故选A。
39．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A.cheating"欺骗"；B.filming "拍摄"；C.walking"走路"；D.training"训练"。根据空前"She also 14 that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger"可知，此处指这个孩子在拍摄这个社会实验的过程中是安全的。故选B。
40．【答案】inspiration
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙从一个女孩的故事中得到了灵感，他成立了一个志愿者小组来帮助残疾人。此处名词作宾语。 inspire "鼓舞"，动词，其名词"灵感"译为： inspiration 。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 inspiration 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
41．【答案】ambitious
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：刘翔对未来有一个雄心勃勃的目标。"成为第一，"他在为奥运会训练时说。此处形容词作定语。 ambition "雄心，野心"，名词，其形容词"有野心的，雄心勃勃的"，应用 ambitious ，修饰名词 goal 。故填 ambitious 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
42．【答案】bitten
【知识点】省略句；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：你听说过"一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。"这句话吗？这意味着一个失败或受伤的人害怕再次做同样的事情。根据句意可知应用过去分词，与once构成状语从句的省略，故填 bitten 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及状语从句的省略。
43．【答案】give
【知识点】固定短语；省略to的动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们宁愿继续实验也不愿放弃。 would rather do...than do...,固定短语，"宁愿做.....也不做......"，故填give 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语 would rather do...than do...。
44．【答案】to be confirmed
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：据王室消息人士透露，菲利普葬礼安排的更多细节预计将于周六由白金汉宫确认。be expected to do固定短语，"被预计做....."， confirm 与 arrangements 在逻辑上是被动关系，应用被动式，故填 to be confirmed 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定时的被动式以及固定短语be expected to do。
45．【答案】a
【知识点】固定短语；不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：餐馆和连锁酒店的销售收入同比分别增长16.4%和30.6%。on a yearly basis固定短语，"每年"，故填a。
【点评】考查冠词，以及固定短语on a yearly basis。
46．【答案】poverty
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：战争、暴力和贫困仍然伴随着我们，由于技术和通信的进步，我们可能比以往任何时候都更加意识到这些问题。此处名词作主语。 poor "贫穷的"，形容词，其名词"贫困"，应用 poverty ，不可数名词，与war, violence 并列，故填poverty 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
47．【答案】down
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们应该把老师在课堂上教的东西记在笔记本上。set down固定短语，"记下，写下"，故填 down 。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语set down。
48．【答案】recognition
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在过去的五年里，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。此处名词作介词宾语， recognize "认出"，动词，其名词"辨认，识别"，应用 recognition ，不可数名词，故填 recognition 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
49．【答案】As
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：和往常一样，他们把孩子们留在家里和苏珊在一起。as usual固定短语，"像往常一样"，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As 。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语as usual。
50．【答案】unfair
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他的辛勤工作报酬很少，这是不公平的。此处形容词作表语， fair "公平的"，形容词，结合句意应用其反义词"不公平的" unfair ，故填 unfair 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
51．【答案】Faced
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：面对职业生涯中的巨大压力，许多职场女性表示，她们很难在工作和家庭之间取得平衡。 be faced with固定短语，"面对"，此处过去分词作状语，故填 Faced 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
52．【答案】leaving/having left
【知识点】固定短语；动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个男孩现在后悔这么小就离开了学校。regret doing/having done固定短语，"后悔做了......"，故填 leaving/having left。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词/动名词的完成式作宾语，以及固定短语regret doing/having done。
53．【答案】were listening
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：当我走进教室时，讲座已经开始了，人们正在聚精会神地听。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语从句 When I entered the classroom ，可知应用过去进行时，故填 were listening。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及过去进行时。
54．【答案】that
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意：直到我开始反思这一天，我才意识到自己犯了一个巨大的错误。此句是强调句，其基本结构是"It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其它"，此处强调时间状语从句 only when I started to reflect on the day，应用that，故填that。
【点评】考查强调句，掌握其基本结构"It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其它"。
55．【答案】forgetting
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：不要沉迷于网络游戏，忘记什么更重要。此处现在分词作伴随状语，故填 forgetting 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
56．【答案】to be shown
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我真的希望明天放映的电影会比昨天放映的电影精彩得多。此处不定式作宾语， show和film在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用不定式的被动式，故填to be shown 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式的被动式作宾补。
57．【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我能想到很多学生明明知道很多英语单词和表达方式，却写不出一篇好文章的例子。 students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many cases ，在从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填 where 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
58．【答案】who/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我相信他有能力做这项富有挑战性的工作。 I believe, has the ability to do this challenging job是限制性定语从句，先行词是the person ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
59．【答案】for
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他给我看了他花了很多钱买的那本新词典。 which he paid a lot of money 是限制性定语从句，which在从句中作动词短语pay for的宾语，故填for。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语pay for。
60．【答案】remaining
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：在所有索尼耳机中，Maggie更喜欢蓝色耳机，并用剩下的50欧元买了它。此处形容词作定语， remain "保留，保持"，动词，其形容词"剩余的，剩下的"，应用 remaining ，修饰 50 euros ，故填 remaining 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
61．【答案】out
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他很正常，在人群中并不突出。stand out固定短语，"显眼，突出"，故填out。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语stand out。
62．【答案】accuracy
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：她击球非常准确。此处名词作介词宾语， accurate "准确的"，形容词，其名词"精确"应用 accuracy ，不可数名词，故填 accuracy .
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
63．【答案】with
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：不要试图和每个人都合得来。和有同样兴趣的人交朋友。fit in with固定短语，"适合"，故填with。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语fit in with。
64．【答案】tore
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意： 罗斯太失望了，把信撕成了碎片。此处是谓语动词，根据空前的was，可知应用一般过去时，故填 tore 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
1 / 1黑龙江省哈尔滨市重点中学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学测试英语试题
一、第二部分，阅读理解，第一节(共19小题:每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)
阅读理解
Stay safe witb Sonder
As a foreign student arriving in Australia, you may feel both excited and anxious. The prospect of arriving in a new county where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging, particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in a accident or fell seriously ill.
Sonder Australia aims to lessen that worry by providing an Australia-wide, multilingual rapid response network, available on-demand 24/7 via a mobile app. The Sonder app has following unique features. When required, Sonder can also work with Murdoch to provide further well-being support
1．Who may the text be targeted at in Australia
A．Taxi drivers. B．international students.
C．New settlers. D．Travelers from abroad.
2．Which part of the app functions at a set time
A．24/7 help. B．Check on me.
C．Safety alerts. D．Track my journey.
3．What technology is used in all the four features
A．Bluetooth connection. B．Voice interaction.
C．Cross-platform communication. D．Geographical positioning.
【答案】1．B
2．B
3．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；时文广告类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了供澳大利亚的留学生使用的一个应用软件Sonder。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
1．考查推理判断。根据第一段"As a foreign student arriving in Australia，you may feel both excited and anxious.The prospect of arriving in a new county where you may have no friends or family nearby can be discouraging，particularly the thought of what you would do if you were involved in a accident or fell seriously ill."作为一名抵达澳大利亚的留学生，你可能会感到既兴奋又焦虑。来到一个附近可能没有朋友或家人的新县城的前景可能会令人沮丧，尤其是想到如果你发生事故或患重病，你会怎么做。可知，该文本可能针对澳大利亚的国际学生。故选B。
2．考查细节理解。根据Check on me部分中的"If you're meeting someone new or going to an unfamiliar destination，you can set a time for us to contact you regularly to make sure you're OK."如果你正在与新认识的人会面或前往一个陌生的目的地，你可以设定一个时间，让我们定期与你联系，以确保你没事。可知，Check on me应用程序的一部分在设定的时间起作用，故选B。
3．考查推理判断。根据24/7 help部分中的"Sonder immediately geo-locates you，establishing your exact location."Sonder立即对您进行地理定位，确定您的确切位置；Check on me部分中的"You can set a Check On Me" duration from 30 minutes to over 8 hours and Sonder will use geo-location technology to monitor you."您可以将"检查我"的持续时间从30分钟设置为8小时以上，Sonder将使用地理定位技术对您进行监控；Safety alerts部分中的"If we detect an incident occurring nearby your location，we'll give you details and ask you to report as‘ safe' or ‘not safe'."如果我们检测到您所在地点附近发生事故，我们将向您提供详细信息，并要求您报告是否安全；以及Track my journey部分中的"The ‘Track My Journey'app feature helps you reach your destination while we track your progress，to ensure your safety at all times.""追踪我的旅程"应用程序功能可帮助您到达目的地，同时我们会追踪您的进度，以确保您的安全。可知，这四个功能都使用了地理定位。故选D。
阅读理解
I like to believe that some things in life never change. A constant, ever since I could hold a pen, has been the routine at lunch with my grandfather. My grandmother will ask me how the walk was from my parents' house before I take a seat at their kitchen table.
Sitting in his usual spot in the comer is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick "hello" before heading back down to the crossword purz.le in front of him.
"So, how is this one coming alone " I'll ask. With a failed laugh, he'll slide the crossword toward me. Carefully cut and neatly folded from his newspaper, three quarters of it will already have been finished. Many of the clues are far too advanced for me to figure out. However, I'm happy to help with the strange clue related to sports - my expert knowledge一that still remains.
Even if I'm certain of an answer, I fill in the squares with a pencil, as clues are always checked thoroughly by my grandfather. In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved.
Today, lunch unfolds in its usual manner. However, large parts of the puzzle are blank.
"Grandfather, I think this is 49 down... and this, 52 across," I say.
"Oh, right Yes, put that down there," he replies.
I reach across the table to hand him the crossword. Looking at him as he searches for answers, suddenly l feel something different. I note his hair is whiter than I remembered. For the first time I think about my grandfather as, well, a grandfather.
But life is about change we aren't always prepared for. Just as we are on different ends of life, we find ourselves on different ends of the city now too. But at lunch, when we lake up our pens and open the crossword, the world stands pleasantly sill. Now, instead of an exercise of quick wit (才思), our crosswords are about patience and understanding. As clues are slowly understood, so are the truths in life.
4．What is the grandfather usually doing when the author visits him
A．He is concentrating all his efforts on the crossword.
B．He is preparing lunch happily as a routine.
C．He is cutting crossword puzzles from newspapers carefully.
D．He is creating new crosswords for us.
5．What does"go over" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Switch. B．Repeat. C．Guess. D．Discover.
6．Which of the following wards can best describe the grandfather
A．Independent and funny. B．Quiet and hone:l
C．Humorous and helpful. D．Enthusiastic and careful.
7．What does the author think of the crosswords now
A．They improve his intelligence and patience
B．They bring his grandparents closer to him
C．They help him to understand the truths of life.
D．They encourage him to solve problems in life.
【答案】4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者从小就和爷爷一起填字谜，爷爷很认真。现在爷爷老了，没有以前填得快了，作者也长大了，不常和爷爷一起填字谜。但他们在一起填字谜的时光还是很美好。这段经历让给作者明白了生活无时无刻都在改变。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Sitting in his usual spot in the corner is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick ‘hello' before heading back down to the crossword puzzle in front of him."我的祖父习惯性地坐在角落里的位置。他抬起头快速地说了句"hello"，然后回到他面前的填字游戏。可知，作者去看望祖父时，他通常都集中精力在填字游戏上。故选A。
5．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved."在极少数的情况下，我们无法在午餐结束前完成填字游戏，他会在那天晚上给我打电话go over他后来解决的线索。根据句意，祖父后来找到了解决填字游戏的方法，可推知，祖父打电话给作者是给他复述自己的方法，即划线部分 go over 意为"复述"，故选B。
6．考查推理判断。根据第二段"Sitting in his usual spot in the corner is my grandfather. He looks up for a quick ‘hello'before heading back down to the crossword puzzle in front of him."我的祖父习惯性地坐在角落里的位置。他抬起头快速地说了句"hello"，然后回到他面前的填字游戏；以及第四段中的"In the rare event that we're unable to finish the crossword by the end of lunch, he'll call me later that evening to go over the clues he later solved."在极少数的情况下，我们无法在午餐结束前完成填字游戏，他会在那天晚上给我打电话复述他后来解决的线索。可知，作者的祖父花了很多时间在填字游戏上，并且仔细思考之前没有被解出的难题，而且一想到了就会立刻告知作者，由此推知祖父是一个充满热情，仔细的人；再结合第三段中的"Carefully cut and neatly folded from his newspaper, three- quarters of it will already have been finished."他把报纸小心地剪下来，叠的整整齐齐，其中的四分之三已经做好了。也反映出祖父很细心。综上，作者的祖父是一个热情且细心的人。故选D。
7．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"I like to believe that some things in life never change."我认为生活中的事情是永远都不会变的；最后一段中的"But life is about changes we aren't always prepared for."生活总是在不经意间发生变化；以及"But at lunch, when we take up our pens and open the crossword, the world stands pleasantly still. Now，instead of an exercise of quick wit （才思）,our crosswords are about patience and understanding. As clues are slowly understood, so are the truths in life."但午饭时刻，当我们拿起笔打开填字游戏时，整个世界安静得令人愉快。现在，我们的填字游戏是关于耐心和理解，而不是练习快速的机智。正如线索慢慢被理解，生活的真理也是如此。可知，现在作者认为填字游戏让自己明白了生活的真理，即生活从来都是改变的。故选C。
阅读理解
If you see a young person in their early 20s driving a car in any Western city, you would not normally give them a second glance. However, in Christchurch, a city in New Zealand's South Island, people do look suspiciously at anyone under 2S in a car. What they are really looking for is a yellow sticker on the car windows. The reason: a new scheme (方案) is targeting car thefts, using a yellow sticker programme.
Half of all car thefts in the quiet city are committed by people under 25, police say, and each year vehicles worth 6.2 million disappear "for good". Police say that car theft is now so worrying that if a good idea"comes along" they'll use it. They say one has. It is called the Under-25 Scheme.
Because of the young age of car thieves in general, police invite owners whose cars are not normally driven by people under 25 to place a yellow triangle on front or back car windows. If police see anyone under 25 driving the car with a yellow triangle sticker on the window, they can stop the car and check the driver.
Police now say it has worked well enough over the last 18 months for them to test it nationally. Robin Scott, a Christchurch crime prevention officer says, "For the 13 months until last October we had 42 fewer cars stolen in Christchurch than the previous year一and only eight carrying stickers were stolen."
Meanwhile, youth advocates in Christchurch feel offended with it. Sam Fisher, a city communications employee, says,"If you divide people up like this, you' re going down the road to asking, 'Who are the thieves in the community What is the color of their skin Where do they live What's their gender " so you target young black males living in a suburb. That's the problem you end up with."
As for the police, the real issues seem to be finding a sponsor to pay for the whole sticker scheme.
8．What does the underlined word:"one" in paragraph 2,refer to
A．An idea. B．A thief. C．A sticker D．A policeman.
9．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Why he Under-25 Scheme was introduced.
B．How the Under-25 Scheme functions.
C．Who benefits from the Under- 25 Scheme.
D．What effects the Under-25 Scheme has.
10．What is Sam Fisher's attitude towards the Under-25 Scheme
A．Curious. B．Optimistic. C．Disappointed. D．Indifferent
11．What can be inferred about the scheme from the last paragraph
A．It needs the approval of the government
B．It needs extra funds
C．It remains under discussion.
D．It has covered the whole nation.
【答案】8．A
9．B
10．C
11．B
【知识点】推理判断题；说明文；日常生活类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新西兰南部城市Christchurch为了遏制偷车犯罪，要求车主在车窗上张贴标志，并重点检查25岁以下的驾驶者的做法以及各方的反应。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查代词指代。根据第二段中的"Police say that car theft is now so worrying that if a good idea ‘comes along'they'll use it.They say one has.It is called the Under-25 Scheme."警方说，汽车盗窃现在非常令人担忧，如果一个好主意"出现"，他们就会使用它。他们说有。它被称为25岁以下儿童计划。可以推断出"一个主意"。故选A。
9．考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"If police see anyone under 25 driving the car with a yellow triangle sticker on the windows，they can stop the car and check the driver."如果警察看到25岁以下的人驾驶车窗上有黄色三角形标签的汽车，他们可以停车检查司机。可知介绍的是这个计划的具体功能，故选B。
10．考查推理判断。根据第五段中的"Sam Fisher, a city communications employee, says,‘If you divide people up like this, you' re going down the road to asking, 'Who are the thieves in the community What is the color of their skin Where do they live What's their gender 'so you target young black males living in a suburb. That's the problem you end up with.'"城市通讯部的一名员工Sam Fisher说："如果你这样划分人群，你会问，‘社区里的小偷是谁？他们的肤色是什么？他们住在哪里？他们的性别是什么？'所以你把目标对准了住在郊区的年轻黑人男性。这就是你最终遇到的问题。"详述了Sam Fisher的对于这个计划的可能产生的后果的失望和担心，故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"As for the police，the real issues seem to be finding a sponsor to pay for the whole sticker scheme，and the extra cost of making the reflective."至于警方，真正的问题似乎是找到一个赞助商来支付整个贴纸计划，以及制作贴纸的额外成本。介绍了这个计划需要找到赞助商，还需要额外的费用购买反光设备，因此从最后一段中关于这个计划可以推断出需要额外的资金。故选B。
阅读理解
Since the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed in 1973, it has helped hundreds of species avoid extinction in the United States. The strong conservation policy has been used as a model in other countries. But it's not as successful as it could be, a new study finds.
Researchers have discovered most species are not being protected until their numbers have become so low that their chance of recovery is slim.
"The ESA is an incredibly powerful law for protecting our endangered wildlife. Yet, for decades, the agency primarily responsible for operationalizing the ESA- the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)一has been starved of resources," lead author Erich Eberhard says.
"As a result, we are very slow 10 give species the protection that they deserve. We typically wait until species are extremely rare and thus at extreme risk of extinction, and then, when a species is finally listed, the USFWS starts trying to recover it."
In 1993, a study found that few species received protection under the ESA until their populations became very small. For the new study, researchers repeated the methods used in the earlier research to see whether protections have become better since the problem was first noted. They also looked at trends in "wait times"一the amount of time between when a species is identified as potentially needing protection and when it actually receives protection under the ESA.
"Our analysis suggests that, in the nearly 30 years since attention was first brought to this problem, we have not become more active in protecting endangered species," says Eberhard.
The researchers found that the population sizes of species when they first became protected under the ESA are not statistically different from those in the 1993 study. They also discovered that there are long wait limes between when a species is identified as likely needing protection and when they actually receive them.
I can say that our study paints the current state of the ESA as a bit of cautionary (告诫的tale for the strong conservation policy," says Eberhard.
12．What problem does the USF WS have protecting endangered species
A．It takes ineffective measures.
B．It is lacking in resources.
C．It can't get timely information.
D．It is an irresponsible organization.
13．What is the purpose of the new study
A．To try out new ways to protect endangered species.
B．To find out the exact number of endangered species.
C．To check the time needed to save endangered species.
D．To see i endangered species have been better protected.
14．What can we learn about the new study according to the passage
A．It has found out many more endangered species.
B．It may contribute to better wildlife conservation.
C．It has proved the role of the public in conservation.
D．It has shown some effective ways to protect animals.
15．What can be the best title for the text
A．The USFWS Needs Stronger Laws
B．The ESA Has Achieved Great Success
C．New Conservation Laws Are on the Way
D．The Endangered Species Act Isn't Working Well
【答案】12．B
13．D
14．B
15．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；环境保护类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《濒危物种法案》帮助美国数百种物种避免了灭绝。但一项新的研究发现，这种做法并没有预期的那么成功。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，目的意图和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查细节理解。根据第三段"‘The ESA is an incredibly powerful law for protecting our endangered wildlife.Yet，for decades，the agency primarily responsible for operationalizing the ESA- the US Fish and Wildlife Service （USFWS）一has been starved of resources，' lead author Erich Eberhard says.""ESA是保护濒危野生动物的一项非常强大的法律。然而，几十年来，主要负责运作欧空局的机构——美国鱼类和野生动物管理局（USFWS）——一直缺乏资源，"主要作者埃里希 埃伯哈德说。可知美国野生动物管理局在保护濒危物种方面的问题是缺乏资源。故选B。
13．考查目的意图。根据第五段中的"For the new study，researchers repeated the methods used in the earlier research to see whether protections have become better since the problem was first noted."在这项新研究中，研究人员重复了早期研究中使用的方法，以观察自首次发现问题以来，保护措施是否有所改善。可知这项新研究的目的是看看濒危物种是否得到了更好的保护。故选D。
14．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"‘I can say that our study paints the current state of the ESA as a bit of cautionary （告诫的tale for the strong conservation policy，'says Eberhard.""我可以说，我们的研究将欧空局的现状描绘成对强有力的保护政策的一个警告，"埃伯哈德说。可知根据文章，我们可以了解到关于这项新研究可能有助于更好地保护野生动物。故选B。
15．考查主旨大意。根据第一段"Since the Endangered Species Act （ESA） was passed in 1973，it has helped hundreds of species avoid extinction in the United States.The strong conservation policy has been used as a model in other countries.But it's not as successful as it could be，a new study finds."自从1973年《濒危物种法案》（ESA）通过以来，它已经帮助美国数百种物种避免了灭绝。强保护政策已被其他国家作为典范。但一项新的研究发现，它并没有达到预期的效果。可知这篇短文主要讲述了自1973年通过的濒危物种保护法案以来，该法案帮助了许多物种在美国避免灭绝。然而，一项新研究发现，这一强有力的保护政策并不像预期的那样成功。研究人员发现，大多数物种直到数量变得非常稀少，恢复的机会很渺茫时才会受到保护。研究还发现，物种被确定为需要保护的时间和实际获得保护的时间之间存在很长的等待时间。研究者认为，近30年来，对濒危物种保护问题的关注并没有使我们更积极地保护濒危物种。总之，这项研究对强有力的保护政策提出了警示。"《濒危物种法案》没有很好地发挥作用"适合做文章标题。故选D。
阅读理解
You've ordered a new pair of shoes online. They arrive; you rush to the front door and carry the box as you open it. You untie the laces, guide them toward your feet and they don't fit
So, back in the box they go and an hour later you drop them at the local collections store. It's disappointing. The shoes have never been worn and they'll be making their way to a new home soon. Right Wrong.
What does happen to our goods when we order online and then return them The reality is that much of it simply ends up in landfill (垃圾场). Each year, 5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns in the world. In the US alone, customers return approximately 3.5 billion products, of which only 20% are actually faulty according to Optoro, a company which specializes in tackling (解决) the returns.
It turns out that returns create a real headache for companies. Many companies simply don't have the technology to handle these faults in returned goods, so it is often most profitable for them to sell them cheaply to discounters via a web of shipping, driving and flying them around the globe, or to simply truck them to the dump.
Optoro's software helps retailers (零售商) and manufactures resell unsold goods more easily. They offer a number of options for retailers, including a website切resell their goods, called Bling, as well as helping with re-routing goods t donation, store shelves, Amazon or eBay. They estimate their work helps reduce landfill waste by 70%.
Ann Starodaj, Senior Director of Sustainability at Optoro, says that while consumer habits might still be harmful, creating a profitable and environmentally friendly fashion model from start to finish is the way forward: "I don't think people are going to stop buying stuff, but creating a business model where you're making it easier for them to make sustainable choices is very important"
16．What are he statistics in paragraph 3 describing
A．Waste disposal. B．Goods delivery.
C．Clothing fashion. D．Waste returns.
17．Why do returns become a real headache for companies
A．Very little profit can be made.
B．Related technology is not available.
C．Goods are damaged on purpose.
D．No places can be found to bury them.
18．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．A difficult task. B．A marketing website.
C．A practical solution. D．A producing process.
19．What does Ann Starodaj want 10 convey
A．Returns are easy to deal with.
B．People should stop buying goods online.
C．Consumer habits bring about harmful results.
D．It is vi!al Io create a sustainable business model.
【答案】16．D
17．B
18．C
19．D
【知识点】细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，每年都有大量网购退货造成的垃圾，由此带来的问题非常棘手，对此人们提出了许多建议和可行方案。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和段落大意两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Each year，5 billion pounds of waste is generated through returns in the world.In the US alone，customers return approximately 3.5 billion products，of which only 20% are actually faulty according to Optoro，a company which specializes in tackling the returns."每年，全世界有50亿磅的垃圾通过退货产生。据专门处理退货问题的Optoro公司称，仅在美国，客户就退货了大约35亿件产品，其中只有20%是有问题的。可知第三段的数据是关于退货产生的浪费的。故选D。
17．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Many companies simply don't have the technology to handle these faults in returned goods，so it is often most profitable for them to sell them cheaply to discounters via a web of shipping，driving and flying them around the globe，or to simply truck them to the dump."许多公司根本没有技术来处理退货中的这些故障，因此，对他们来说，最有利可图的方法往往是通过航运、驾驶和空运网络，将商品廉价卖给折扣店，或者干脆用卡车把它们运到垃圾场。可知，由于相关技术的缺乏，退货成为公司真正头疼的问题。故选B。
18．考查段落大意。根据第五段中的"Optoro's software helps retailers （零售商） and manufacturers resell unsold goods more easily.They offer a number of options for retailers，including a website to resell their goods，called Blinq，as well as helping with re-routing goods to donation，store shelves，Amazon or eBay."Optoro的软件可以帮助零售商和制造商更容易地转售未售出的商品。他们为零售商提供了多种选择，包括一个名为Blinq的转售商品的网站，以及帮助将商品重新安排到捐赠、商店货架、亚马逊或eBay上。可知，第五段主要是讲一个实用的解决退货的办法——Optoro软件。故选C。
19．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Ann Starodaj，Senior Director of Sustainability at Optoro，says that while consumer habits might still be harmful，creating a profitable and environmentally friendly fashion model from start to finish is the way forward"Optoro的可持续发展高级总监Ann Starodaj说，虽然消费者的习惯可能仍然是有害的，但从头到尾创造一种有利可图的环保时尚模式是前进的方向；以及"creating a business model where you're making it easier for them to make sustainable choices is very important"创造一种商业模式，让他们更容易做出可持续的选择是非常重要的可知，Ann Starodaj想要传达的是创建一个可持续的有利可图且环保的商业模式是至关重要的。故选D。
二、第二部分，阅读理解，第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为
多余选项。
We've all been there一you've sen! a message and it's marked Tread," but you haven't heard anything back. What's the deal In 2011, the word"rbomb" was added to the Urban Dictionary, meaning not responding to or ignoring a message after reading it often deliberately."Rbomb" is common, so learn to be wise. 20．
Expect the best. Remind yourself that the person is probably just busy. Ask yourself if you actually know their schedule. There could be some time commitments you aren't aware of 21． .
For example, they want to give you a longer response but can't right now. They put their phone away to focus on work or school. They accidentally forget to reply. Maybe they think about what they want to say but don't actually text it.
Resist the temptation (诱感) to double-text. 22． If you send a lot of follow-up texts, it'll be hard for them to keep up and they might get overwhelmed. Leave them with just one text to catch up on一the other person will probably appreciate your patience.
23． See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little vague一it happens! You might feel relieved because you find something that is easy to misread.
Put your phone away. 24． Don't let it frustrate or confuse you. If you get your mind off any notifications (通知), you'll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time.
A. Give the receiver a little space so they have a chance to reply.
B. They finished writing the text but failed to send it.
C. Read over your previous messages.
D. You can keep social media from bothering your life.
E. Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind.
F. The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response.
G. Fix your attention closely on next responses.
【答案】20．D；21．F；22．A；23．C；24．E
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当别人阅读你的信息后，不回复你时，要学会心平气和的面对，不要让社交软件影响到你的三次元生活。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
20．根据空后"Here are a few tips"这里有一些建议；以及空前"Rbomb"is common,soleam to be wise"Rbomb很常见所以要学会明智。可知空处应该是承上启下说明可以应用这些建议避免被影响。 D. You can keep social media from bothering your life. "你可以不让社交媒体打扰你的生活。"符合语境。故选D。
21．根据空后"They want to give you a longer response but can't right now. They put their phone away to focus on work or schoolThey accidentally forgot to reply Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn't actually text it."他们想给你一个更长的回复，但现在不行。他们把手机放在一边，专注于工作或学习。他们不小心忘了回复，也许他们想了想要说什么，但并没有真的发出去。可知，此处是在讲一些人们延迟回复的可能，所以空处句子应该是引出这个话题， F. The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response. "以下是延迟回复的其他一些原因"符合语境。故选F。
22．根据空前"Resist the temptation to double- text"不要信息轰炸对方；以及空后"If you send a lot offollow up textsit'll behard for them to keep up and they might get stresed.Leave them with just one text to catch up on-the other person will probablyappreciate your patience."如果你发了很多后续短信，他们很难限上，他们可能会感到压力，只给他们留一条信息，让他们限上讲度一对方可能会感激你的耐心。可知，本段讲述不要一直给对方发信息，要给对方一些时间，让他们跟上你的信息， A. Give the receiver a little space so they have a chance to reply. "给他们一点空间，让他们有机会回答"符合语境。故选A。
23．根据空后"See ifthere are any confusing texts that you nced toclarifylt's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a litle unclear-it happens! You might feelrelievedbecause you found something that waseasy to misread"看看是否有什么令人困感的文本需要清如果你再次查看你的信息，并注意到它可能有点不清楚，这是没有关系的一一这种情况发生了!你可能会感到宽慰，因为你发现了一些容易被误读的东西。可知，本段在说可以仔细检查下你发的信息，看是否右什么令人困感的文本，或许只因某句话表述不清，对方压根就没理辉到你想说什么! C. Read over your previous messages. "阅读你之前的信息"符合语境，故选C。
24．根据空前"Put your phone away"把手机收起来；以及空后"Don't let it upset or confuse you fyou get your mind off anynotifications,you'l be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time."不要让它困扰或迷你如果你不去想任何通知，你就能头脑风暴出新的打发时间的方法。可知，本段主题是把手机放到一边，眼不见，心不烦。与其纠结为什么会被"已读不回"，不如放下手机，做些更有意义的事， E. Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind. "把它放在你看不到的地方，让你的内心平静下来"承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
三、第三部分，完形填空(共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空
白处的最佳选项。
Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter. 25． in the harsh winter without wearing a coat, a boy wrapped his arms around himself on a bus stop bench.
It's a 26． scene but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the dilemma of 11-year- old Johanne are both joyous and 27． .
A young woman siting next to the boy noticed him rubbing his arms. She immediately asked him, "Don't you have a 28． " "No, someone stole it," he replied. She inquired and 29． he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She asked him the name of his school and where he was from as she 30． draped (披上) her own coat around his shoulders.
Later, another woman gave him her scarf and then 31． . him in her large overcoat. Throughout the day, more and more people 32． to give him gloves and even the coats off their backs as they waited for their bus.
33． Jahanne's experience was an experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Villages. 34． with a hidden camera, the experiment was part of their winter campaign to gather 35． of much-needed coats and blankets to help Syrian children through the winter. Many of the refugees have left their homes 36． winter clothing.
"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 37． about this boy."Synne Ronning, the information head of SOS Children's Villages Norway, told The Local. She also 38． that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger during the 39． .
25．A． Thanking B． Jumping C． Sleeping D． Trembling
26．A． heartbreaking B． effort-making
C． breathtaking D． history-making
27．A． annoying B． inspiring C． puzzling D． discouraging
28．A． schoolbag B． companion C． jacket D． parcel
29．A． learned B． explored C． commented D． explained
30．A． sympathetically B． pretendingly
C． tiredly D． casually
31．A． carried B． decorated C． placed D． wrapped
32．A． attempted B． desired C． offered D． commanded
33．A． Hopefully B． Actually C． Amazingly D． Naturally
34．A． Made out B． Taken in
C． Carried out D． Brought in
35．A． donations B． suggestions C． demands D． funds
36．A． despite B． without C． in D． for
37．A． curious B． confused C． particular D． concerned
38．A． mentioned B． predicted C． quoted D． believed
39．A． cheating B． filming C． walking D． training
【答案】25．D；26．A；27．B；28．C；29．A；30．A；31．D；32．C；33．B；34．C；35．A；36．B；37．D；38．A；39．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在挪威首都街头进行的慈善实验—拍摄人们对一个寒冬中没有外套的小男孩的反应。并说明此实验是一个慈善组织为帮助叙利亚难民筹集过冬衣物的行动的一部分。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，介词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
25．句意：一个没有穿外套的男孩坐在公交车站的长椅上，在寒冷的冬日瑟瑟发抖。A.Thanking"感谢"；B.Jumping"跳"；C.Sleeping"睡觉"；D.Trembling"发抖"。根据上文"Temperatures in the Norwegian capital regularly drop to -10℃ during winter."；以及空后"without wearing a coat，"可知，冬天很冷，男孩没有外套；由此可以推出男孩是在冬天里冷到发抖。故选D。
26．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A.heartbreaking"令人心碎的"；B.effort-making"努力的"；C.breathtaking"令人惊叹的"；D.history-making"创造历史的"。根据上文提到的场景，男孩在零下十度的冬天在一个公交车站边冷到发抖，是一个令人难过、心碎的场景。故选A。
27．句意：这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。A.annoying"令人生气的"；B.inspiring"鼓舞人心的"；C.puzzling"令人困惑的"；D.discouraging"令人气馁的"。根据空前"It's a 2 scene but the actions of the ordinary people who witnessed the dilemma of 11-year- old Johanne are both joyous "可知这是一个令人心碎的场景，但普通人目睹11岁的男孩陷入困境行为，让乔安娜既快乐又鼓舞人心。故选B。
28．句意：她马上问他："你没有夹克吗？"A.schoolbag"书包"；B.companion"陪伴"；C.jacket"外套"；D.parcel"包裹"。根据上文" 1 in the harsh winter without wearing a coat，"；以及下文"‘No，someone stole it，' he replied."可知，女人问的是男孩有没有外套。故选C。
29．句意：她询问后得知他正在学校旅行，并被告知在公共汽车站见他的老师。A.learned"了解到"；B.explored"探索"；C.commented"评论"；D.explained"解释"。根据空后"he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop"可知她了解到，他是要去学校，有人告诉他在公交车站等他的老师。故选A。
30．句意：她问他学校的名字，从哪里来，同时同情地把自己的外套搭在他肩上。A.sympathetically"同情地"；B.pretendingly"假装地"；C.tiredly"累地"；D.casually"随意地"。结合常识可知，天气寒冷，年轻女子不顾自己受冻给男孩披上外套，是富有同情心的行为。故选A。
31．句意：后来，另一个女人把自己的围巾给了他，然后把他裹在自己的大大衣里。A.carried"带上"；B.decorated"装饰"；C.placed"放置"；D.wrapped"包住"。根据空后"in her large overcoat"可知，对于男孩来说，女人的衣服非常大，所以此处是很形象地形容女人将他裹在大衣里面。故选D。
32．句意：一整天，越来越多的人在等车的时候主动给他手套，甚至脱下身上的外套。A.attempted"试图"；B.desired"想要"；C.offered"提供"；D.commanded"命令"。根据上文"both joyous and 3 ."作者形容这一情境为"鼓舞人心的"可推测，越来越多的人都自发的、主动给小男孩提供自己的衣物。故选C。
33．句意：实际上，乔安娜的经历是挪威慈善机构SOS儿童村的一次实验。A.Hopefully"有希望地"；B.Actually"实际上"；C.Amazingly"惊奇的是"；D.Naturally"自然而然地"。根据空后 "Johanne's experience was an experiment"可知，他的经历实际上是一个实验。故选B。
34．句意：这个实验是用一个隐藏的摄像机进行的，是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是募集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A.Made out"理解"；B.Taken in"吸收"；C.Carried out"实施"，进行；D.Brought in"带来"。根据语境可知此处指进行试验，故选C。
35．句意：这是他们冬季活动的一部分，目的是筹集急需的外套和毯子，帮助叙利亚儿童过冬。A.donations"捐赠物"；B.suggestions"建议"；C.demands"命令"；D.funds"资金"。根据空后"of much-needed coats and blankets"可知，收集的是急需的外套和毛毯等捐赠物。故选A。
36．句意：许多难民离家时都没有冬装。A.despite"尽管"；B.without"没有"；C.in"在……里面"；D.for"为了"。结合常识可知，很多难民在没有冬衣的情形下就因为战争等因素被迫离开了家乡，所以才需要社会募捐衣物。故选B。
37．句意：人们应该像关心这个男孩一样，关注叙利亚的儿童。A.curious"好奇的"；B.confused"疑惑的"；C.particular"特别的"；D.concerned"担心的"。根据上文可知，路人纷纷主动给男孩提供衣物，所以肯定是关心这个男孩。故选D。
38．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A.mentioned"提出，提及"；B.predicted"预测"；C.quoted"引用"；D.believed"相信"。根据上文"People should care as much about children in Syria as they are 13 about this boy，"可知，Synne Ronning是在说明一些关于这个社会实验的情况，空前有also表示"同样、也"，所以空处也需要填和"说明"近义或同义的词。故选A。
39．句意：她还指出，孩子是一名志愿者，在拍摄过程中没有任何危险。A.cheating"欺骗"；B.filming "拍摄"；C.walking"走路"；D.training"训练"。根据空前"She also 14 that the child was a volunteer who was never in any danger"可知，此处指这个孩子在拍摄这个社会实验的过程中是安全的。故选B。
四、第四部分，单句语法填空，阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共25个小题，每小题1分，满分25分)
40． Simon got an (inspire) from a story of a girl, and he set up a volunteer group to help the disabled.
【答案】inspiration
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙从一个女孩的故事中得到了灵感，他成立了一个志愿者小组来帮助残疾人。此处名词作宾语。 inspire "鼓舞"，动词，其名词"灵感"译为： inspiration 。不定冠词后接单数名词，故填 inspiration 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作宾语。
41． Liu Xiang had an (ambition) goal for the future."To be No.1," he said when he was training for the Olympics.
【答案】ambitious
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：刘翔对未来有一个雄心勃勃的目标。"成为第一，"他在为奥运会训练时说。此处形容词作定语。 ambition "雄心，野心"，名词，其形容词"有野心的，雄心勃勃的"，应用 ambitious ，修饰名词 goal 。故填 ambitious 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
42． Have you ever heard of the expression "Once (bite), twice shy." It means a person who has failed or been hurt is fearful of doing the same thing again.
【答案】bitten
【知识点】省略句；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：你听说过"一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。"这句话吗？这意味着一个失败或受伤的人害怕再次做同样的事情。根据句意可知应用过去分词，与once构成状语从句的省略，故填 bitten 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及状语从句的省略。
43． We would rather .go on with the experiment than (give) it up.
【答案】give
【知识点】固定短语；省略to的动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我们宁愿继续实验也不愿放弃。 would rather do...than do...,固定短语，"宁愿做.....也不做......"，故填give 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语 would rather do...than do...。
44． More details on Philip's funeral arrangements are expected (confirm) by Buckingham Palace on Saturday, according to a royal source.
【答案】to be confirmed
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：据王室消息人士透露，菲利普葬礼安排的更多细节预计将于周六由白金汉宫确认。be expected to do固定短语，"被预计做....."， confirm 与 arrangements 在逻辑上是被动关系，应用被动式，故填 to be confirmed 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定时的被动式以及固定短语be expected to do。
45． Sales incomes of restaurants and hotel chains rose by 16.4 percent and 30.6 percent on yearly basis, respectively.
【答案】a
【知识点】固定短语；不定冠词
【解析】【分析】句意：餐馆和连锁酒店的销售收入同比分别增长16.4%和30.6%。on a yearly basis固定短语，"每年"，故填a。
【点评】考查冠词，以及固定短语on a yearly basis。
46． War, violence and (poor) are still with us and we are probably more aware of these problems worldwide than ever before thanks to advances in technology and communications.
【答案】poverty
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：战争、暴力和贫困仍然伴随着我们，由于技术和通信的进步，我们可能比以往任何时候都更加意识到这些问题。此处名词作主语。 poor "贫穷的"，形容词，其名词"贫困"，应用 poverty ，不可数名词，与war, violence 并列，故填poverty 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作主语。
47． We should set what our teachers teach in class in our notebooks.
【答案】down
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们应该把老师在课堂上教的东西记在笔记本上。set down固定短语，"记下，写下"，故填 down 。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语set down。
48． My hometown has changed beyond all (recognize) in the last five years.
【答案】recognition
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：在过去的五年里，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。此处名词作介词宾语， recognize "认出"，动词，其名词"辨认，识别"，应用 recognition ，不可数名词，故填 recognition 。
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
49． usual, they left the children at home with Susan.
【答案】As
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：和往常一样，他们把孩子们留在家里和苏珊在一起。as usual固定短语，"像往常一样"，位于句首，首字母大写，故填As 。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语as usual。
50． It is (fair) that he gets very lttle in reward for his hard work.
【答案】unfair
【知识点】形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他的辛勤工作报酬很少，这是不公平的。此处形容词作表语， fair "公平的"，形容词，结合句意应用其反义词"不公平的" unfair ，故填 unfair 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作表语。
51． (face) with fierce pressure in their careers, many working women said it was difficult for them to achieve a balance between work and family.
【答案】Faced
【知识点】动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：面对职业生涯中的巨大压力，许多职场女性表示，她们很难在工作和家庭之间取得平衡。 be faced with固定短语，"面对"，此处过去分词作状语，故填 Faced 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作状语。
52． The boy now regrets (leave) school so young.
【答案】leaving/having left
【知识点】固定短语；动名词
【解析】【分析】句意：这个男孩现在后悔这么小就离开了学校。regret doing/having done固定短语，"后悔做了......"，故填 leaving/having left。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及动名词/动名词的完成式作宾语，以及固定短语regret doing/having done。
53． When I entered the classroom, the lecture had begun and the people (listen) attentively.
【答案】were listening
【知识点】过去进行时
【解析】【分析】句意：当我走进教室时，讲座已经开始了，人们正在聚精会神地听。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语从句 When I entered the classroom ，可知应用过去进行时，故填 were listening。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及过去进行时。
54． It was only when I started to reflect on the day I realized I had made a huge mistake.
【答案】that
【知识点】强调句
【解析】【分析】句意：直到我开始反思这一天，我才意识到自己犯了一个巨大的错误。此句是强调句，其基本结构是"It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其它"，此处强调时间状语从句 only when I started to reflect on the day，应用that，故填that。
【点评】考查强调句，掌握其基本结构"It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其它"。
55． Don't become addicted to online games, (forget) about what is more important
【答案】forgetting
【知识点】动词现在分词
【解析】【分析】句意：不要沉迷于网络游戏，忘记什么更重要。此处现在分词作伴随状语，故填 forgetting 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及现在分词作状语。
56． I do hope the film (show) tomorrow will be much more wonderful than the one put on yesterday.
【答案】to be shown
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：我真的希望明天放映的电影会比昨天放映的电影精彩得多。此处不定式作宾语， show和film在逻辑上是动宾关系，应用不定式的被动式，故填to be shown 。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及不定式的被动式作宾补。
57． I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.
【答案】where
【知识点】关系副词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我能想到很多学生明明知道很多英语单词和表达方式，却写不出一篇好文章的例子。 students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many cases ，在从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where，故填 where 。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。
58． He is the person , I believe, has the ability to do this challenging job.
【答案】who/that
【知识点】关系代词引导定语从句的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我相信他有能力做这项富有挑战性的工作。 I believe, has the ability to do this challenging job是限制性定语从句，先行词是the person ，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that，故填who/that。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
59． He showed me the new dictionary which he paid a lot of money.
【答案】for
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：他给我看了他花了很多钱买的那本新词典。 which he paid a lot of money 是限制性定语从句，which在从句中作动词短语pay for的宾语，故填for。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语pay for。
60． Of all the Sony earphones, Maggie preferred the blue pair and bought it with the (remain) 50 euros.
【答案】remaining
【知识点】作前置定语
【解析】【分析】句意：在所有索尼耳机中，Maggie更喜欢蓝色耳机，并用剩下的50欧元买了它。此处形容词作定语， remain "保留，保持"，动词，其形容词"剩余的，剩下的"，应用 remaining ，修饰 50 euros ，故填 remaining 。
【点评】考查形容词，本题涉及形容词作定语。
61． He was very normal and didn't stand among others in the crowd.
【答案】out
【知识点】固定短语；副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：他很正常，在人群中并不突出。stand out固定短语，"显眼，突出"，故填out。
【点评】考查副词，以及固定短语stand out。
62． She hit the ball with great (accurate).
【答案】accuracy
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：她击球非常准确。此处名词作介词宾语， accurate "准确的"，形容词，其名词"精确"应用 accuracy ，不可数名词，故填 accuracy .
【点评】考查名词，本题涉及名词作介词宾语。
63． Don't try to fit in everyone. Make friends with those with the same interest.
【答案】with
【知识点】固定短语；简单介词
【解析】【分析】句意：不要试图和每个人都合得来。和有同样兴趣的人交朋友。fit in with固定短语，"适合"，故填with。
【点评】考查介词，以及固定短语fit in with。
64． Rose was too disappointed and (tear) the letter into pieces.
【答案】tore
【知识点】一般过去时
【解析】【分析】句意： 罗斯太失望了，把信撕成了碎片。此处是谓语动词，根据空前的was，可知应用一般过去时，故填 tore 。
【点评】考查时态，本题涉及一般过去时。
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