河南省部分中学2023-2024学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
阅读理解
The ancient village of Machu Picchu is one of the most popular tourist destinations in South America. It's in Peru, high in the Andes Mountains, 8, 000 feet above sea level.
The village contains 200 buildings. Houses are in groups, and each house has a large courtyard inside its walls. The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals. The Incas were very good at building strong walls. Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home.
Machu Picchu seemed to be a healthy, busy village. So why was it lost That is a mystery, but experts have some ideas. Machu Picchu was hard to reach. Few people outside the village knew about it. Experts think that many residents died of disease. Others fought a war. The survivors left the village.
The tourists are good for Peru's economy, but they are not good for Machu Picchu. The village is old and fragile. Tourists damage the ruins. Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people's hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones. Tourists do not want to damage the village, but they want to see this beautiful, ancient place.
The Peruvian government and conservation groups are trying to solve the problem. A group from the United Nations wants to limit the number of tourists each year. They also want cars and buses to use cleaner fuel.
1．What crops did the Incas grow
A．Rice and beans. B．Tomatoes and peas.
C．Wheat and peas. D．Potatoes and corn.
2．How do we know that Incas were good at building walls
A．The Incas knew how to make good use of the land.
B．Visitors still cannot fit a knife between the stones.
C．Footsteps wear down the walkways in the village.
D．Each house has a large courtyard inside its walls.
3．Which word can best replace the underlined word "fragile" in fourth paragraph
A．Beautiful. B．Terrible. C．Clean. D．Weak.
4．Which of the following does not damage the ruins
A．Air pollution. B．Feet on the walkways.
C．The shape of the land. D．Hands on the walls.
阅读理解
One night Peter received a call from his social worker asking, "Can you take in an 11-year-old boy just for the weekend " It was just a few days after he had said goodbye to two brothers he was fostering（收养）, so he told the social worker that his heart was deeply saddened by the loss of the two boys that had just been reunited with their birth parents. Peter thought he didn't have enough energy left to care for another child at the moment. But the worker convinced him.
The social worker arrived at his home with the boy at 6 am after driving five hours from another county. There is a huge shortage of foster families in Oklahoma so when a child enters the foster care system, social workers are often forced to place the children outside of the county of origin, often removing the child from the only place he or she has ever known. Add in the fact that older children are much more difficult to place.
Peter asked why Anthony, the boy, was in foster care. Then he knew that the boy had been abandoned(抛弃）by his mother when he was 2. He was then placed with a family. But almost ten years later, the family abandoned him at the hospital. Peter was shocked," It's like my life!"
The two have been together ever since. And on the 12th of November, Anthony finally got to share Peter's last name officially. However, Peter didn't stop fostering kids. "It's hard to be a single foster dad but it's worth every minute of it. We are about to have another child next month and we are excited."
5．What can we infer about Peter from the first paragraph
A．He is rich. B．He is kind.
C．He is busy. D．He is brave.
6．Why did the social worker drive a long way to send the boy to Peter
A．Peter asked him to do so.
B．He knew Peter liked the boy.
C．Peter lived in the boy's birthplace.
D．He couldn't find a foster family locally.
7．What do Peter's words in Paragraph 3 show
A．He likes his present life.
B．He worked at the hospital.
C．He wanted to have a family.
D．He also had a poor childhood.
阅读理解
Efforts were underway in Bangladesh to deliver food and drinking water to millions of people struggling after a heavy rain led to flooding, which hit a quarter of the country. There are around 3.5 million Bangladeshis at risk of river flooding every year according to a 2015 report by the World Bank.
On Wednesday, at least 17 of the country's 64 districts (地区), mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet, were suffering from the natural disaster. Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far. The floods also caused damage to agriculture (农业), electricity, and clean water supply.
Sylhet is among the worst affected, with several areas without electricity. "Many people are in great need of food and drinking water," said Enam Ahmed, 45, living in the worst-hit Sunmaganj district. "There is water everywhere but no drinking water. Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food," he said.
The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water falling down from the surrounding hills of India's Meghalaya state, which received more than 970 mm (38 inches) of rain on Sunday, according to a government report.
"The flood situation in the three Barak valley districts continues to be very serious. Army rescuers have evacuated thousands of trapped people to safe places. 14 rescue teams with more than 70 boats and over 400 men have been pressed into action in the heavily flooded districts," said a local flood control official. About 5.5 million people have been displaced, about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary (临时的) shelters on higher ground.
Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The role played by government officials.
B．The people frapped in the disaster.
C．The number of districts in the country.
D．The damage caused by the floods.
9．What do we know about the flood shelters
A．There is a crying need for food.
B．They can provide enough clean water.
C．They are too old to hold people.
D．There are few villagers staying inside.
10．What does the underlined word "displaced" in paragraph 5 mean
A．Called on. B．Checked out. C．Moved away. D．Sent in.
11．What can we infer from the text
A．More rescue efforts are needed.
B．The floods hit the whole country.
C．The disaster is the biggest ever.
D．Rivers nationwide are at risk.
阅读理解
You get anxious if there's no WiFi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you're not there. All these can be called "always on" stress caused by smartphone addiction.
For some people, smartphones have set them free from the nine to five work. Flexible working has given them more control over their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smartphones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.
Pittsburghbased developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken."Moment's goal is to promote balance in your life," his website explains. "Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you."
Dr Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, "The effects of this ‘always on' culture are that your mind is never resting, and you're not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer."
And as the number of connected smartphones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. "It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they're controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office," said Dr Christine Grant.
12．What's the first paragraph mainly about
A．The popularity of smartphones.
B．The progress of modern technology.
C．The signs of "always on" stress.
D．The solutions of smartphone addiction.
13．Kevin Holesh developed Moment to ____.
A．research how people use their mobile phones
B．help people control their use of mobile phones
C．make people better use mobile phones
D．increase the fun of using mobile phones
14．What's Dr Christine Grant's attitude towards "always on" culture
A．Confused. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Critical.
15．According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means ____.
A．we will become less productive
B．we can make a decision more quickly
C．we will be equipped with more knowledge
D．we can work more effectively
二、七选五
七选五
Developing a positive attitude through positive thinking is good for both your physical and mental health. Understandably, it's not always possible to keep positive during certain situations, but it is possible to develop the skills to have positive thinking. 16．
Surround yourself with positive people
Being around people who always see the bad side of something will only make you feel bad. 17． It's hard to be negative when everyone around you is positive!
Learn to deal with negative thoughts
18． To become a successful positive thinker you'll need to learn to know the negative words you tell yourself. Words such as never and always are known to carry a negative mental effect. Instead of telling yourself, "I always make mistakes", change your words to, "I make mistakes sometimes but I always learn from them."
Set goals
It's much easier to be positive when you have set goals in mind. Setting goals will help you to deal with the difficulties.
Take responsibility for your actions
19． They seldom made many complaints when coming across hard times. Accepting responsibility for your actions will help keep you thinking positively and prevent you from accusing others without any reason.
Look for positive information
Reading positive information about being successful in life can help you work towards becoming a positive thinker. 20． It's a wonderful way to start and finish each day!
Making decisions to change your way of thinking—from negative to positive—is a very effective step to ensuring success in your life. Surround yourself with other like-minded people, and you'll gain all the rewards of a happy life.
A. Don't make some complaints.
B. One of the secrets to successful people is that they take responsibility for their behavior.
C. It's necessary for you to learn how to deal with negative words.
D. By learning how to make positive thinking easy, you'll benefit a lot!
E. Being around positive people, on the other hand, will affect you in a positive way.
F. Spend a little time every day reading something that encourages you to think positively.
G. It's hard to become a positive thinker if your mind is always annoyed with negative thoughts.
三、完形填空
完形填空
Parking at the Alzheimer's center where my mother-in-law lived, we were ready to visit her. I glanced at my 11-year-old son, Joel, who was totally 21． in the photo album he had insisted on bringing along.
Joel has autism (自闭症), and although I had 22． him that his grandma couldn't remember things the way she used to and might not be as interested in the 23． as he was, I couldn't be sure if he completely understood my words.
"See Grandma!" he shouted at the top of his voice. 24． the album, he jumped out of the car and up to the building entrance. We finally got to grandma's room. She was 25． with the door open. "Grandma Barb," he said 26． . "Pictures." She awoke, and I saw 27． in her eyes. "Who is this little boy " They seemed to ask. However, not 28． , Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album. A sign of a 29． appeared on her face. He pointed to pictures of his father and me, identifying us. He 30． to his brother. "Poco!" he exclaimed. Now the smile became laughter. Mom's laughter didn't bother Joel. He knew his grandmother was happy, and that was 31． for him.
I'd been worried about Joel understanding what was 32． his grandmother when really I was the one who needed to understand. I feel 33． for the mother-in-law I had known. He loved the grandma who was here now.
I thanked God for the 34． of this moment. Then I pulled up a chair next to them and 35． in the joy of it with them — Let's seize the present and live it to the fullest.
21．A． absorbed B． adopted C． mixed D． worried
22．A． ordered B． taught C． reminded D． recommended
23．A． dolls B． family C． hospital D． photographs
24．A． Dropping B． Holding C． Fetching D． Bringing
25．A． staring B． chatting C． reading D． napping
26．A． softly B． desperately C． surprisedly D． sadly
27．A． delight B． confusion C． hope D． anger
28．A． encouraged B． pleased C． shocked D． discouraged
29．A． smile B． tears
C． depression D． embarrassment
30．A． called on B． fixed on
C． went on D． insisted on
31．A． funny B． easy C． rare D． enough
32．A． happening to B． sticking to
C． adjusting to D． responding to
33．A． shameful B． sorrowful C． cheerful D． awful
34．A． belief B． failure C． gift D． success
35．A． blocked B． bathed C． stuck D． motivated
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读短文， 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
Physical activity is shown to lessen the effects of aging 36． the brain. Experts say that dancing is great at involving all the brain functions at the same time—from musical and kinesthetic (运动的), to rational and 37． (emotion). Dancing pumps blood to the brain, giving it the glucose and oxygen needed to function well. So 38． is of great benefit to do this great activity. Dancing increases neural (神经的) connectivity—therefore making you the smarter person you have always hoped you would be.
五、写作
39． 上周日你校举办了"强身健体，助力冬奥"为主题的青少年滑冰比赛活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.参加人员：滑冰爱好者；2.活动亮点：参与度高；精彩纷呈；3.活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Skating Race
六、读后续写
40． 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I grew up in a small town where the primary school was a ten-minute walk from my house. When the noon bell rang, I would race breathlessly home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs, smiling down at me.
One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator's (旁白的) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn't tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.
It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤蔓) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass in bunch, as if a painter had touched our landscape with gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion. "I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds," she said, pulling it up by its roots. "From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden."
"But I like dandelions," I protested. "All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions."
My mother looked at me seriously. "Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it " She asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. "And that is true of people too," she added. "Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that." Relieved that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1
"But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual.
Paragraph 2
After the play, I took home the flower.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．D
4．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南美著名的旅游胜地马丘比丘村庄。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals."印加人利用房屋之外的区域种植玉米和土豆，并饲养动物。可知，印加人种植了玉米和土豆。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的" Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home."来到马丘比丘的游客仍然无法将一把刀插进村庄民居的石头之间。可知，从这一事实可以看出印加人擅长筑墙。故选B。
3．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"The village is old"可知，这个村子很古老；以及"Tourists damage the ruins."可知，游客破坏了废墟，这说明这个村子很容易遭到破坏，可推知画线词 fragile 词义为"脆弱的"，故选D。
4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people's hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones."游客们留下的成千上万的脚步磨损了村庄的人行道。人们手上的盐和油破坏了墙壁。来自公共汽车的空气污染伤害了石头。可知，A、B、D三项都会造成损害，而没有提到"地形会破坏废墟"。故选C。
【答案】5．B
6．D
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了社会工作者把一个被抛弃的男孩送给好心人Peter收养的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇故事类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"It was just a few days after he had said goodbye to two brothers he was fostering（收养）"几天前他才和他收养的两兄弟道别。可推测他肯定是一个善良的人，因为他收养孩子。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"There is a huge shortage of foster families in Oklahoma so when a child enters the foster care system, social workers are often forced to place the children outside of the county of origin"俄克拉荷马州极度缺乏收养家庭，所以一旦有孩子进入他们州的收容系统，社会工作者往往被迫需要将孩子放置到其他州。可推测社会工作者之所以开车那么长时间来给Peter送孩子，是因为他在州内找不到愿意收养的家庭，只能求助不住在俄克拉荷马州的Peter。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Peter was shocked,‘ It's like my life!'"Peter很震惊，说："这和我的生活很像！"可知Peter在听了男孩子的身世之后觉得就像自己小时候的经历，才发出感慨。故可推断他小时候也被抛弃、被收养，也过的很不幸。故选D。
【答案】8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了孟加拉遭遇了目前为止最严重的洪水，造成的巨大灾害，以及目前的救助情况。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查段落大意。根据第二段"On Wednesday，at least 17 of the country's 64 districts （地区），mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet，were suffering from the natural disaster.Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far.The floods also caused damage to agriculture （农业），electricity，and clean water supply."周三，该国64个区中，至少有17个区（大部分在北部和东北部锡莱特）遭受自然灾害。政府官员表示，到目前为止，至少有36人死亡，约450万人被困。洪水还破坏了农业、电力和清洁水供应。可知，这一段从受灾地区个数，死亡人数和农业等方面详细介绍了洪水带来的破坏。故选D。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘There is water everywhere but no drinking water.Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food，'he said."他说："到处都有水，但没有饮用水。洪水避难所里挤满了人，但他们得不到足够的食物。"可知，洪水避难所里缺乏食物，急需粮食。故选A。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"About 5.5 million people have been displaced，about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary（临时的） shelters on higher ground."约550万人___，其中约370万人暂时留在政府运营的 更高地面上的避难所。可知，约370万人住在政府运营的高地临时避难所，相反还有一部分人则被转移，被迫离开家园，可推测划线词displace意为"转移离开家园"。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before."受洪水影响地区的当地人表示，他们以前从未见过如此严重的洪水。可知，这次洪水灾害是目前最严重的，即最大的。故选C。
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对"一直开机"文化对人们造成的消极影响进行说明。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"All these can be called ‘always on' stress caused by smart phone addiction."所有这些都可以被称为"一直开机"的压力由智能手机成瘾引起。可知，本段是讲由于手机上瘾引起的叫作"一直开机"的焦虑现象，所以是"一直开机"压力的迹象。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are breached"这个软件能够让用户看到他们在手机上花了多少时间，当使用突破限制时会发出警告，凯文研发这个软件为了帮助人们控制手机的使用。故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The effects of this 'always on' culture are that your mind is never resting, and you're not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed."这种"一直开机"文化的影响是，你的大脑永远不会休息，你没有给身体恢复的时间，所以你总是有压力。可知，Dr. Christine Grant认为"一直开机"文化会让人的思维得不到休息，没有时间恢复身体，所以会带来压力，所以他对此的态度是批评的，故选D。
15．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less"事实上，它使决策变得更加困难，许多人做的更少。可知，大量的数据会让人们难以下决定，并且做的事情更少，说明大量数据意味着我们我们的生产力会下降。故选A。
【答案】16．D；17．E；18．G；19．B；20．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些培养积极思考的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Developing a positive attitude through positive thinking is good for both your physical and mental health. Understandably, it's not always possible to keep positive during certain situations, but it is possible to develop the skills to have positive thinking."通过积极的思考培养积极的态度对你的身体和心理健康都有好处。可以理解的是，在某些情况下不可能总是保持积极的态度，但培养积极思考的技巧是有可能的；结合后文介绍了积极思考的方法，D. By learning how to make positive thinking easy, you'll benefit a lot!"通过学习如何使积极思考变得容易，你会受益很多！"符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空前"Being around people who always see the bad side of something will only make you feel bad."和那些总是看到事情不好一面的人在一起只会让你感觉糟糕；以及空后"It's hard to be negative when everyone around you is positive!(当你周围的人都是积极的时候，你很难消极！可知，上文提到了和消极的人在一起感觉糟糕，后文提到了和积极的人在一起很难消极，可知本句是在说明要和积极的人在一起。E. Being around positive people, on the other hand, will affect you in a positive way."另一方面，和积极的人在一起，会以积极的方式影响你"符合语境，故选E。
18．根据空后"To become a successful positive thinker you'll need to learn to know the negative words you tell yourself. Words such as never and always are known to carry a negative mental effect. Instead of telling yourself, ‘I always make mistakes', change your words to, ‘I make mistakes sometimes but I always learn from them.'"要想成为一名成功的积极思考者，你需要知道你对自己说的消极词汇。像"从不"和"总是"这样的词语会对心理产生负面影响。与其告诉自己"我总是犯错误"，不如改成"我有时会犯错误，但我总能从中吸取教训。"可知，本段主要说明了要从想法上成为一个积极思考者， G. It's hard to become a positive thinker if your mind is always annoyed with negative thoughts. "如果你的头脑总是被消极的想法所困扰，你就很难成为一个积极的思考者"符合语境，故选G。
19．根据空后"They seldom made many complaints when coming across hard times. Accepting responsibility for your actions will help keep you thinking positively and prevent you from accusing others without any reason."他们遇到困难时很少抱怨。为自己的行为承担责任会帮助你积极思考，防止你无缘无故地指责别人。可知，后文主要提到了对自己的行为负责有助于积极思考， B. One of the secrets to successful people is that they take responsibility for their behavior. "成功人士的秘诀之一是他们为自己的行为负责"符合语境，故选B。
20．根据空前"Reading positive information about being successful in life can help you work towards becoming a positive thinker."阅读有关成功生活的积极信息可以帮助你成为一个积极的思考者。可知，本段介绍的方法是通过阅读来成为积极的思考者， F. Spend a little time every day reading something that encourages you to think positively. "每天花一点时间阅读一些能鼓励你积极思考的东西"符合语境，故选F。
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．D；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．C；31．D；32．A；33．A；34．C；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了患有自闭症的儿子乔尔与患有老年痴呆症的奶奶之间的温馨会面，让我们抓住现在，充实地生活。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我看了一眼我11岁的儿子，乔尔，他完全专注于他坚持带来的相册。A.absorbed "使全神贯注"；B.adopted"采用，收养"；C.mixed"混合"；D.worried"使担心"。根据空后"he had insisted on bringing along."和下文"Joel has autism (自闭症)"可推断，儿子坚持带着相册，并患有自闭症，因此他会专注于他带来的相册。be absorbed in固定短语，"全神贯注于"。故选A。
22．句意：尽管我提醒他他的奶奶不能像以前一样记得事情，可能也不像他那样对这些照片感兴趣，但是我不确定他是否完全理解我的话。A.ordered"命令"；B.taught"教授"；C.reminded"提醒"；D.recommended"推荐"。根据空后"I couldn't be sure if he completely understood my words."可知，作者提醒儿子奶奶可能记不住事情。故选C。
23．句意：尽管我提醒他他的奶奶不能像以前一样记得事情，可能也不像他那样对这些照片感兴趣，但是我不确定他是否完全理解我的话。A.dolls"玩偶"；B. family"家庭"；C.hospital"医院"；D. photographs"照片"。根据上文"the photo album he had insisted on bringing along"可知，此处说的是奶奶可能不会像他一样对这些照片感兴趣。故选D。
24．句意：拿着相册，他跳出汽车，蹦蹦跳跳朝大楼入口走去。A. Dropping"放弃，停止"；B.Holding "持有"；C.Fetching"取来"；D.Bringing"带来"。根据下文"Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album."可知，乔尔拿着相册，跳下车。故选B。
25．句意：门开着，她正在打瞌睡。A. staring"凝视"；B. chatting"闲聊"；C. reading"读"；D. napping"打瞌睡"。根据下文"She awoke"可推断，奶奶正在打瞌睡。故选D。
26．句意："巴布奶奶，"他温柔地说。"照片"。"A. softly"温柔地"；B. desperately"绝望地"；C. surprisedly"惊奇地"；D.sadly"悲哀地"。根据下文"She awoke"可知，奶奶在打瞌睡，因此乔尔温柔地呼唤奶奶。故选A。
27．句意：她醒了，我看见她的眼睛里充满困惑。A. delight"高兴，快乐"；B. confusion"困惑"；C. hope"希望"；D. anger"怒气"。根据下文"Who is this little boy They seemed to ask."可知，奶奶不记得乔尔，因此眼里充满困惑。故选B。
28．句意：然而，乔尔并不气馁，爬上了她的膝盖，打开了他的相册。A.encouraged"鼓励"；B. pleased "高兴的"；C. shocked"震惊的"；D. discouraged"气馁的"。根据上文，奶奶没有认出乔尔；以及空后"Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album."可推断，乔尔并没有气馁，仍旧坚持和奶奶沟通。故选D。
29．句意：一丝笑容出现在她的脸上。A. smile"微笑"；B. tears"眼泪"；C. depression"沮丧"；D. embarrassment"尴尬"。根据下文"Now the smile became laughter."可知，有一丝笑容出现在奶奶脸上。故选A。
30．句意：他继续指着他的哥哥。A. called on"号召"；B. fixed on"把……集中在……上"；C. went on"继续"；D. insisted on"坚持"。根据上文"He pointed to pictures of his father and me, identifying us."和下文"‘Poco!' he exclaimed."可推断，乔尔先指着他的父亲和作者，识别，接下来继续指着他哥哥。故选C。
31．句意：他知道他的奶奶很高兴，这对他来说就足够了。A. funny"滑稽可笑的"；B. easy"容易的"；C.rare"稀少的"；D.enough"足够的"。根据上文"Mom's laughter didn't bother Joel. He knew his grandmother was happy"可推断，乔尔知道奶奶很高兴，对他来说就够了。故选D。
32．句意：我一直很担心乔尔对发生在他祖母身上事情的理解，而我才真的是那个需要理解的人。A. happening to"发生"；B. sticking to"坚持"；C. adjusting to"适应"；D. responding to"回应"。根据上文"Parking at the Alzheimer's center where my mother-in-law lived"和"Joel has autism (自闭症),"可推断，作者一直担心患有自闭症的儿子如何理解奶奶患有老年痴呆症这件事，此处说的是奶奶发生了的事情。happen to sb.固定短语，"某人出了某事"。故选A。
33．句意：我对我的婆母感到愧疚。 A. shameful"可耻的"；B. sorrowful"悲伤的"；C. cheerful"欢乐的"；D. awful"可怕的"。根据上文"really I was the one who needed to understand"可知，作者认为自己才是那个需要理解的人，从语气上可以推断作者对婆母感到愧疚。故选A。
34．句意：因为这一刻的礼物我感谢上帝。 A. belief"信念"；B. failure"失败"；C. gift"礼物"；D. success"成功"。根据空前"I thanked God"可推断，感谢上帝应该是因为好的东西，因此推断是上帝给予的这一刻的礼物让作者感激，故选C。
35．句意：然后我拉过一把椅子（坐在）他们旁边，和他们一起享受着快乐。A. blocked"阻塞"；B.bathed"浸泡"；C. stuck"困住"；D. motivated"激动"。根据空后"the joy of it with them. — Let's seize the present and live it to the fullest."可推断，作者坐了下来，与儿子和岳母一起享受着这一刻的快乐，bathe in…固定短语，"沉浸在（爱等情感）中的"。故选B。
【答案】36．on；37．emotional；38．it
【知识点】说明文；文娱体育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个新的发现：体育活动被证明可以减轻衰老对大脑的影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，形容词，代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式
36．句意：体育活动被证明可以减轻衰老对大脑的影响。the effects on固定短语，"在某方面的影响"。故填on。
37．句意：专家说，跳舞能同时调动大脑的所有功能—从音乐和动觉，到理性和情感。句中考查并列结构，设空处应该填写形容词与前文的rational构成并列，emotional意为"情感的"，符合句意。故填emotional。
38．句意：所以做这个伟大的活动是非常有益的。设空处缺少主语，应该使用代词。it is of great benefit to do sth.为固定搭配，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。故填it。
39．【答案】A Skating Race
Last Sunday, our school held a skating race for teenagers titled "Build up body for the Winter Olympics".
At 9:00 am. many skate lovers in our school gathered on the playground to compete for their best. They moved and jumped fast and smoothly across every obstacle as if they were flying, which made all the audience applaud heatedly. The skills that they showed left a deep impression on me. In the whole competition, we were excited and energetic.
The activity has made me realize that all of us should have strong bodies and we must prepare ourselves well for the coming Winter Olympics.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为校英文报写一篇报道 。写作背景： 上周日你校举办了"强身健体，助力冬奥"为主题的青少年滑冰比赛活动。 写做要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.参加人员：滑冰爱好者；2.活动亮点：参与度高；精彩纷呈；3.活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Last Sunday, our school held a skating race for teenagers titled "Build up body for the Winter Olympics".运用了过去分词作定语；They moved and jumped fast and smoothly across every obstacle as if they were flying, which made all the audience applaud heatedly. 运用了方式状语从句，虚拟语气，非限制性定语从句；The skills that they showed left a deep impression on me. 运用了限制性定语从句；
The activity has made me realize that all of us should have strong bodies and we must prepare ourselves well for the coming Winter Olympics. 运用了并列句，宾语从句。
40．【答案】Paragraph 1
"But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual. "You just haven't been ready for the stage performance." Seeing the sadness on my face soften a little, she added, "Why not take the narrator's part as an opportunity to be familiar with the stage " Her encouragement calmed me down gradually, and I began to accept the narrator's part was of vital significance. Soon it was the big day. At first I was still nervous, but then I found a dandelion in my pocket. I knew my mom passed the flower to me, hoping it would be my lucky charm.
Paragraph 2
After the play, I took home the flower. Mom carefully gazed at the dandelion, gently pressed it into the dictionary and grinned happily at me. "We were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking weed." Though decades have passed, I often recall our walk in the yard. Her smile and her words of wisdom have stayed with me and shaped me into who I am now! And this is perhaps the best gift that I've ever received in my life.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者小学时，有一次被选中上台扮演公主，每次排练时一上台作者就紧张地忘词，妈妈借花喻人，安慰作者并且成功地帮到了作者，最终作者的演出很成功的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"就在开演前几分钟，老师向我走了过来。"和第二段首句内容"演出结束后，我把花带回家。"可知，第一段可描写妈妈托老师带给作者花，并且安慰给作者加油打气。②由第二段首句内容"演出结束后，我把花带回家。"可知，第二段可描写作者和妈妈之间借花喻人的对话。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。 例如：Seeing the sadness on my face soften a little, she added, "Why not take the narrator's part as an opportunity to be familiar with the stage " 运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；Her encouragement calmed me down gradually, and I began to accept the narrator's part was of vital significance. 运用了并列句；At first I was still nervous, but then I found a dandelion in my pocket. 运用了转折并列句；I knew my mom passed the flower to me, hoping it would be my lucky charm.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；We were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking weed.运用了限制性定于此； Though decades have passed, I often recall our walk in the yard. 运用了让步状语从句；Her smile and her words of wisdom have stayed with me and shaped me into who I am now! 运用了宾语从句；And this is perhaps the best gift that I've ever received in my life.运用了限制性定语从句。
1 / 1河南省部分中学2023-2024学年高一上学期开学考试英语试题
一、阅读理解
阅读理解
The ancient village of Machu Picchu is one of the most popular tourist destinations in South America. It's in Peru, high in the Andes Mountains, 8, 000 feet above sea level.
The village contains 200 buildings. Houses are in groups, and each house has a large courtyard inside its walls. The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals. The Incas were very good at building strong walls. Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home.
Machu Picchu seemed to be a healthy, busy village. So why was it lost That is a mystery, but experts have some ideas. Machu Picchu was hard to reach. Few people outside the village knew about it. Experts think that many residents died of disease. Others fought a war. The survivors left the village.
The tourists are good for Peru's economy, but they are not good for Machu Picchu. The village is old and fragile. Tourists damage the ruins. Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people's hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones. Tourists do not want to damage the village, but they want to see this beautiful, ancient place.
The Peruvian government and conservation groups are trying to solve the problem. A group from the United Nations wants to limit the number of tourists each year. They also want cars and buses to use cleaner fuel.
1．What crops did the Incas grow
A．Rice and beans. B．Tomatoes and peas.
C．Wheat and peas. D．Potatoes and corn.
2．How do we know that Incas were good at building walls
A．The Incas knew how to make good use of the land.
B．Visitors still cannot fit a knife between the stones.
C．Footsteps wear down the walkways in the village.
D．Each house has a large courtyard inside its walls.
3．Which word can best replace the underlined word "fragile" in fourth paragraph
A．Beautiful. B．Terrible. C．Clean. D．Weak.
4．Which of the following does not damage the ruins
A．Air pollution. B．Feet on the walkways.
C．The shape of the land. D．Hands on the walls.
【答案】1．D
2．B
3．D
4．C
【知识点】词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；旅游观光类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南美著名的旅游胜地马丘比丘村庄。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The Incas(印加人) used the areas outside the groups of houses to grow corn and potatoes and to raise animals."印加人利用房屋之外的区域种植玉米和土豆，并饲养动物。可知，印加人种植了玉米和土豆。故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的" Visitors to Machu Picchu still cannot fit a knife between the stones of a village home."来到马丘比丘的游客仍然无法将一把刀插进村庄民居的石头之间。可知，从这一事实可以看出印加人擅长筑墙。故选B。
3．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"The village is old"可知，这个村子很古老；以及"Tourists damage the ruins."可知，游客破坏了废墟，这说明这个村子很容易遭到破坏，可推知画线词 fragile 词义为"脆弱的"，故选D。
4．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Thousands of footsteps from visitors wear down the walkways in the village. Salt and oil from people's hands damage the walls. Air pollution from buses hurts the stones."游客们留下的成千上万的脚步磨损了村庄的人行道。人们手上的盐和油破坏了墙壁。来自公共汽车的空气污染伤害了石头。可知，A、B、D三项都会造成损害，而没有提到"地形会破坏废墟"。故选C。
阅读理解
One night Peter received a call from his social worker asking, "Can you take in an 11-year-old boy just for the weekend " It was just a few days after he had said goodbye to two brothers he was fostering（收养）, so he told the social worker that his heart was deeply saddened by the loss of the two boys that had just been reunited with their birth parents. Peter thought he didn't have enough energy left to care for another child at the moment. But the worker convinced him.
The social worker arrived at his home with the boy at 6 am after driving five hours from another county. There is a huge shortage of foster families in Oklahoma so when a child enters the foster care system, social workers are often forced to place the children outside of the county of origin, often removing the child from the only place he or she has ever known. Add in the fact that older children are much more difficult to place.
Peter asked why Anthony, the boy, was in foster care. Then he knew that the boy had been abandoned(抛弃）by his mother when he was 2. He was then placed with a family. But almost ten years later, the family abandoned him at the hospital. Peter was shocked," It's like my life!"
The two have been together ever since. And on the 12th of November, Anthony finally got to share Peter's last name officially. However, Peter didn't stop fostering kids. "It's hard to be a single foster dad but it's worth every minute of it. We are about to have another child next month and we are excited."
5．What can we infer about Peter from the first paragraph
A．He is rich. B．He is kind.
C．He is busy. D．He is brave.
6．Why did the social worker drive a long way to send the boy to Peter
A．Peter asked him to do so.
B．He knew Peter liked the boy.
C．Peter lived in the boy's birthplace.
D．He couldn't find a foster family locally.
7．What do Peter's words in Paragraph 3 show
A．He likes his present life.
B．He worked at the hospital.
C．He wanted to have a family.
D．He also had a poor childhood.
【答案】5．B
6．D
7．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了社会工作者把一个被抛弃的男孩送给好心人Peter收养的故事。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题、推理判断题，是一篇故事类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
5．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"It was just a few days after he had said goodbye to two brothers he was fostering（收养）"几天前他才和他收养的两兄弟道别。可推测他肯定是一个善良的人，因为他收养孩子。故选B。
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"There is a huge shortage of foster families in Oklahoma so when a child enters the foster care system, social workers are often forced to place the children outside of the county of origin"俄克拉荷马州极度缺乏收养家庭，所以一旦有孩子进入他们州的收容系统，社会工作者往往被迫需要将孩子放置到其他州。可推测社会工作者之所以开车那么长时间来给Peter送孩子，是因为他在州内找不到愿意收养的家庭，只能求助不住在俄克拉荷马州的Peter。故选D。
7．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Peter was shocked,‘ It's like my life!'"Peter很震惊，说："这和我的生活很像！"可知Peter在听了男孩子的身世之后觉得就像自己小时候的经历，才发出感慨。故可推断他小时候也被抛弃、被收养，也过的很不幸。故选D。
阅读理解
Efforts were underway in Bangladesh to deliver food and drinking water to millions of people struggling after a heavy rain led to flooding, which hit a quarter of the country. There are around 3.5 million Bangladeshis at risk of river flooding every year according to a 2015 report by the World Bank.
On Wednesday, at least 17 of the country's 64 districts (地区), mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet, were suffering from the natural disaster. Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far. The floods also caused damage to agriculture (农业), electricity, and clean water supply.
Sylhet is among the worst affected, with several areas without electricity. "Many people are in great need of food and drinking water," said Enam Ahmed, 45, living in the worst-hit Sunmaganj district. "There is water everywhere but no drinking water. Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food," he said.
The situation in Bangladesh has been worsened by rain water falling down from the surrounding hills of India's Meghalaya state, which received more than 970 mm (38 inches) of rain on Sunday, according to a government report.
"The flood situation in the three Barak valley districts continues to be very serious. Army rescuers have evacuated thousands of trapped people to safe places. 14 rescue teams with more than 70 boats and over 400 men have been pressed into action in the heavily flooded districts," said a local flood control official. About 5.5 million people have been displaced, about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary (临时的) shelters on higher ground.
Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The role played by government officials.
B．The people frapped in the disaster.
C．The number of districts in the country.
D．The damage caused by the floods.
9．What do we know about the flood shelters
A．There is a crying need for food.
B．They can provide enough clean water.
C．They are too old to hold people.
D．There are few villagers staying inside.
10．What does the underlined word "displaced" in paragraph 5 mean
A．Called on. B．Checked out. C．Moved away. D．Sent in.
11．What can we infer from the text
A．More rescue efforts are needed.
B．The floods hit the whole country.
C．The disaster is the biggest ever.
D．Rivers nationwide are at risk.
【答案】8．D
9．A
10．C
11．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；段落大意；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了孟加拉遭遇了目前为止最严重的洪水，造成的巨大灾害，以及目前的救助情况。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．考查段落大意。根据第二段"On Wednesday，at least 17 of the country's 64 districts （地区），mostly in the northern and north-eastern Sylhet，were suffering from the natural disaster.Government officials said at least 36 people had been killed and about 4.5 million people stuck so far.The floods also caused damage to agriculture （农业），electricity，and clean water supply."周三，该国64个区中，至少有17个区（大部分在北部和东北部锡莱特）遭受自然灾害。政府官员表示，到目前为止，至少有36人死亡，约450万人被困。洪水还破坏了农业、电力和清洁水供应。可知，这一段从受灾地区个数，死亡人数和农业等方面详细介绍了洪水带来的破坏。故选D。
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘There is water everywhere but no drinking water.Flood shelters are filled with people but they are not getting enough food，'he said."他说："到处都有水，但没有饮用水。洪水避难所里挤满了人，但他们得不到足够的食物。"可知，洪水避难所里缺乏食物，急需粮食。故选A。
10．考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"About 5.5 million people have been displaced，about 3.7 million of whom are staying in government-run temporary（临时的） shelters on higher ground."约550万人___，其中约370万人暂时留在政府运营的 更高地面上的避难所。可知，约370万人住在政府运营的高地临时避难所，相反还有一部分人则被转移，被迫离开家园，可推测划线词displace意为"转移离开家园"。故选C。
11．考查推理判断。根据最后一段"Locals in the flood-affected areas said they had never seen such serious floods before."受洪水影响地区的当地人表示，他们以前从未见过如此严重的洪水。可知，这次洪水灾害是目前最严重的，即最大的。故选C。
阅读理解
You get anxious if there's no WiFi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you're not there. All these can be called "always on" stress caused by smartphone addiction.
For some people, smartphones have set them free from the nine to five work. Flexible working has given them more control over their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smartphones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.
Pittsburghbased developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken."Moment's goal is to promote balance in your life," his website explains. "Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you."
Dr Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, "The effects of this ‘always on' culture are that your mind is never resting, and you're not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer."
And as the number of connected smartphones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. "It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they're controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office," said Dr Christine Grant.
12．What's the first paragraph mainly about
A．The popularity of smartphones.
B．The progress of modern technology.
C．The signs of "always on" stress.
D．The solutions of smartphone addiction.
13．Kevin Holesh developed Moment to ____.
A．research how people use their mobile phones
B．help people control their use of mobile phones
C．make people better use mobile phones
D．increase the fun of using mobile phones
14．What's Dr Christine Grant's attitude towards "always on" culture
A．Confused. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Critical.
15．According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means ____.
A．we will become less productive
B．we can make a decision more quickly
C．we will be equipped with more knowledge
D．we can work more effectively
【答案】12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会文化类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对"一直开机"文化对人们造成的消极影响进行说明。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
12．考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"All these can be called ‘always on' stress caused by smart phone addiction."所有这些都可以被称为"一直开机"的压力由智能手机成瘾引起。可知，本段是讲由于手机上瘾引起的叫作"一直开机"的焦虑现象，所以是"一直开机"压力的迹象。故选C。
13．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are breached"这个软件能够让用户看到他们在手机上花了多少时间，当使用突破限制时会发出警告，凯文研发这个软件为了帮助人们控制手机的使用。故选B。
14．考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The effects of this 'always on' culture are that your mind is never resting, and you're not giving your body time to recover, so you're always stressed."这种"一直开机"文化的影响是，你的大脑永远不会休息，你没有给身体恢复的时间，所以你总是有压力。可知，Dr. Christine Grant认为"一直开机"文化会让人的思维得不到休息，没有时间恢复身体，所以会带来压力，所以他对此的态度是批评的，故选D。
15．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less"事实上，它使决策变得更加困难，许多人做的更少。可知，大量的数据会让人们难以下决定，并且做的事情更少，说明大量数据意味着我们我们的生产力会下降。故选A。
二、七选五
七选五
Developing a positive attitude through positive thinking is good for both your physical and mental health. Understandably, it's not always possible to keep positive during certain situations, but it is possible to develop the skills to have positive thinking. 16．
Surround yourself with positive people
Being around people who always see the bad side of something will only make you feel bad. 17． It's hard to be negative when everyone around you is positive!
Learn to deal with negative thoughts
18． To become a successful positive thinker you'll need to learn to know the negative words you tell yourself. Words such as never and always are known to carry a negative mental effect. Instead of telling yourself, "I always make mistakes", change your words to, "I make mistakes sometimes but I always learn from them."
Set goals
It's much easier to be positive when you have set goals in mind. Setting goals will help you to deal with the difficulties.
Take responsibility for your actions
19． They seldom made many complaints when coming across hard times. Accepting responsibility for your actions will help keep you thinking positively and prevent you from accusing others without any reason.
Look for positive information
Reading positive information about being successful in life can help you work towards becoming a positive thinker. 20． It's a wonderful way to start and finish each day!
Making decisions to change your way of thinking—from negative to positive—is a very effective step to ensuring success in your life. Surround yourself with other like-minded people, and you'll gain all the rewards of a happy life.
A. Don't make some complaints.
B. One of the secrets to successful people is that they take responsibility for their behavior.
C. It's necessary for you to learn how to deal with negative words.
D. By learning how to make positive thinking easy, you'll benefit a lot!
E. Being around positive people, on the other hand, will affect you in a positive way.
F. Spend a little time every day reading something that encourages you to think positively.
G. It's hard to become a positive thinker if your mind is always annoyed with negative thoughts.
【答案】16．D；17．E；18．G；19．B；20．F
【知识点】说明文；七选五；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些培养积极思考的方法。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
16．根据空前"Developing a positive attitude through positive thinking is good for both your physical and mental health. Understandably, it's not always possible to keep positive during certain situations, but it is possible to develop the skills to have positive thinking."通过积极的思考培养积极的态度对你的身体和心理健康都有好处。可以理解的是，在某些情况下不可能总是保持积极的态度，但培养积极思考的技巧是有可能的；结合后文介绍了积极思考的方法，D. By learning how to make positive thinking easy, you'll benefit a lot!"通过学习如何使积极思考变得容易，你会受益很多！"符合语境，故选D。
17．根据空前"Being around people who always see the bad side of something will only make you feel bad."和那些总是看到事情不好一面的人在一起只会让你感觉糟糕；以及空后"It's hard to be negative when everyone around you is positive!(当你周围的人都是积极的时候，你很难消极！可知，上文提到了和消极的人在一起感觉糟糕，后文提到了和积极的人在一起很难消极，可知本句是在说明要和积极的人在一起。E. Being around positive people, on the other hand, will affect you in a positive way."另一方面，和积极的人在一起，会以积极的方式影响你"符合语境，故选E。
18．根据空后"To become a successful positive thinker you'll need to learn to know the negative words you tell yourself. Words such as never and always are known to carry a negative mental effect. Instead of telling yourself, ‘I always make mistakes', change your words to, ‘I make mistakes sometimes but I always learn from them.'"要想成为一名成功的积极思考者，你需要知道你对自己说的消极词汇。像"从不"和"总是"这样的词语会对心理产生负面影响。与其告诉自己"我总是犯错误"，不如改成"我有时会犯错误，但我总能从中吸取教训。"可知，本段主要说明了要从想法上成为一个积极思考者， G. It's hard to become a positive thinker if your mind is always annoyed with negative thoughts. "如果你的头脑总是被消极的想法所困扰，你就很难成为一个积极的思考者"符合语境，故选G。
19．根据空后"They seldom made many complaints when coming across hard times. Accepting responsibility for your actions will help keep you thinking positively and prevent you from accusing others without any reason."他们遇到困难时很少抱怨。为自己的行为承担责任会帮助你积极思考，防止你无缘无故地指责别人。可知，后文主要提到了对自己的行为负责有助于积极思考， B. One of the secrets to successful people is that they take responsibility for their behavior. "成功人士的秘诀之一是他们为自己的行为负责"符合语境，故选B。
20．根据空前"Reading positive information about being successful in life can help you work towards becoming a positive thinker."阅读有关成功生活的积极信息可以帮助你成为一个积极的思考者。可知，本段介绍的方法是通过阅读来成为积极的思考者， F. Spend a little time every day reading something that encourages you to think positively. "每天花一点时间阅读一些能鼓励你积极思考的东西"符合语境，故选F。
三、完形填空
完形填空
Parking at the Alzheimer's center where my mother-in-law lived, we were ready to visit her. I glanced at my 11-year-old son, Joel, who was totally 21． in the photo album he had insisted on bringing along.
Joel has autism (自闭症), and although I had 22． him that his grandma couldn't remember things the way she used to and might not be as interested in the 23． as he was, I couldn't be sure if he completely understood my words.
"See Grandma!" he shouted at the top of his voice. 24． the album, he jumped out of the car and up to the building entrance. We finally got to grandma's room. She was 25． with the door open. "Grandma Barb," he said 26． . "Pictures." She awoke, and I saw 27． in her eyes. "Who is this little boy " They seemed to ask. However, not 28． , Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album. A sign of a 29． appeared on her face. He pointed to pictures of his father and me, identifying us. He 30． to his brother. "Poco!" he exclaimed. Now the smile became laughter. Mom's laughter didn't bother Joel. He knew his grandmother was happy, and that was 31． for him.
I'd been worried about Joel understanding what was 32． his grandmother when really I was the one who needed to understand. I feel 33． for the mother-in-law I had known. He loved the grandma who was here now.
I thanked God for the 34． of this moment. Then I pulled up a chair next to them and 35． in the joy of it with them — Let's seize the present and live it to the fullest.
21．A． absorbed B． adopted C． mixed D． worried
22．A． ordered B． taught C． reminded D． recommended
23．A． dolls B． family C． hospital D． photographs
24．A． Dropping B． Holding C． Fetching D． Bringing
25．A． staring B． chatting C． reading D． napping
26．A． softly B． desperately C． surprisedly D． sadly
27．A． delight B． confusion C． hope D． anger
28．A． encouraged B． pleased C． shocked D． discouraged
29．A． smile B． tears
C． depression D． embarrassment
30．A． called on B． fixed on
C． went on D． insisted on
31．A． funny B． easy C． rare D． enough
32．A． happening to B． sticking to
C． adjusting to D． responding to
33．A． shameful B． sorrowful C． cheerful D． awful
34．A． belief B． failure C． gift D． success
35．A． blocked B． bathed C． stuck D． motivated
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．D；24．B；25．D；26．A；27．B；28．D；29．A；30．C；31．D；32．A；33．A；34．C；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了患有自闭症的儿子乔尔与患有老年痴呆症的奶奶之间的温馨会面，让我们抓住现在，充实地生活。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
21．句意：我看了一眼我11岁的儿子，乔尔，他完全专注于他坚持带来的相册。A.absorbed "使全神贯注"；B.adopted"采用，收养"；C.mixed"混合"；D.worried"使担心"。根据空后"he had insisted on bringing along."和下文"Joel has autism (自闭症)"可推断，儿子坚持带着相册，并患有自闭症，因此他会专注于他带来的相册。be absorbed in固定短语，"全神贯注于"。故选A。
22．句意：尽管我提醒他他的奶奶不能像以前一样记得事情，可能也不像他那样对这些照片感兴趣，但是我不确定他是否完全理解我的话。A.ordered"命令"；B.taught"教授"；C.reminded"提醒"；D.recommended"推荐"。根据空后"I couldn't be sure if he completely understood my words."可知，作者提醒儿子奶奶可能记不住事情。故选C。
23．句意：尽管我提醒他他的奶奶不能像以前一样记得事情，可能也不像他那样对这些照片感兴趣，但是我不确定他是否完全理解我的话。A.dolls"玩偶"；B. family"家庭"；C.hospital"医院"；D. photographs"照片"。根据上文"the photo album he had insisted on bringing along"可知，此处说的是奶奶可能不会像他一样对这些照片感兴趣。故选D。
24．句意：拿着相册，他跳出汽车，蹦蹦跳跳朝大楼入口走去。A. Dropping"放弃，停止"；B.Holding "持有"；C.Fetching"取来"；D.Bringing"带来"。根据下文"Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album."可知，乔尔拿着相册，跳下车。故选B。
25．句意：门开着，她正在打瞌睡。A. staring"凝视"；B. chatting"闲聊"；C. reading"读"；D. napping"打瞌睡"。根据下文"She awoke"可推断，奶奶正在打瞌睡。故选D。
26．句意："巴布奶奶，"他温柔地说。"照片"。"A. softly"温柔地"；B. desperately"绝望地"；C. surprisedly"惊奇地"；D.sadly"悲哀地"。根据下文"She awoke"可知，奶奶在打瞌睡，因此乔尔温柔地呼唤奶奶。故选A。
27．句意：她醒了，我看见她的眼睛里充满困惑。A. delight"高兴，快乐"；B. confusion"困惑"；C. hope"希望"；D. anger"怒气"。根据下文"Who is this little boy They seemed to ask."可知，奶奶不记得乔尔，因此眼里充满困惑。故选B。
28．句意：然而，乔尔并不气馁，爬上了她的膝盖，打开了他的相册。A.encouraged"鼓励"；B. pleased "高兴的"；C. shocked"震惊的"；D. discouraged"气馁的"。根据上文，奶奶没有认出乔尔；以及空后"Joel climbed into her lap and opened up his photo album."可推断，乔尔并没有气馁，仍旧坚持和奶奶沟通。故选D。
29．句意：一丝笑容出现在她的脸上。A. smile"微笑"；B. tears"眼泪"；C. depression"沮丧"；D. embarrassment"尴尬"。根据下文"Now the smile became laughter."可知，有一丝笑容出现在奶奶脸上。故选A。
30．句意：他继续指着他的哥哥。A. called on"号召"；B. fixed on"把……集中在……上"；C. went on"继续"；D. insisted on"坚持"。根据上文"He pointed to pictures of his father and me, identifying us."和下文"‘Poco!' he exclaimed."可推断，乔尔先指着他的父亲和作者，识别，接下来继续指着他哥哥。故选C。
31．句意：他知道他的奶奶很高兴，这对他来说就足够了。A. funny"滑稽可笑的"；B. easy"容易的"；C.rare"稀少的"；D.enough"足够的"。根据上文"Mom's laughter didn't bother Joel. He knew his grandmother was happy"可推断，乔尔知道奶奶很高兴，对他来说就够了。故选D。
32．句意：我一直很担心乔尔对发生在他祖母身上事情的理解，而我才真的是那个需要理解的人。A. happening to"发生"；B. sticking to"坚持"；C. adjusting to"适应"；D. responding to"回应"。根据上文"Parking at the Alzheimer's center where my mother-in-law lived"和"Joel has autism (自闭症),"可推断，作者一直担心患有自闭症的儿子如何理解奶奶患有老年痴呆症这件事，此处说的是奶奶发生了的事情。happen to sb.固定短语，"某人出了某事"。故选A。
33．句意：我对我的婆母感到愧疚。 A. shameful"可耻的"；B. sorrowful"悲伤的"；C. cheerful"欢乐的"；D. awful"可怕的"。根据上文"really I was the one who needed to understand"可知，作者认为自己才是那个需要理解的人，从语气上可以推断作者对婆母感到愧疚。故选A。
34．句意：因为这一刻的礼物我感谢上帝。 A. belief"信念"；B. failure"失败"；C. gift"礼物"；D. success"成功"。根据空前"I thanked God"可推断，感谢上帝应该是因为好的东西，因此推断是上帝给予的这一刻的礼物让作者感激，故选C。
35．句意：然后我拉过一把椅子（坐在）他们旁边，和他们一起享受着快乐。A. blocked"阻塞"；B.bathed"浸泡"；C. stuck"困住"；D. motivated"激动"。根据空后"the joy of it with them. — Let's seize the present and live it to the fullest."可推断，作者坐了下来，与儿子和岳母一起享受着这一刻的快乐，bathe in…固定短语，"沉浸在（爱等情感）中的"。故选B。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读短文， 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
Physical activity is shown to lessen the effects of aging 36． the brain. Experts say that dancing is great at involving all the brain functions at the same time—from musical and kinesthetic (运动的), to rational and 37． (emotion). Dancing pumps blood to the brain, giving it the glucose and oxygen needed to function well. So 38． is of great benefit to do this great activity. Dancing increases neural (神经的) connectivity—therefore making you the smarter person you have always hoped you would be.
【答案】36．on；37．emotional；38．it
【知识点】说明文；文娱体育类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个新的发现：体育活动被证明可以减轻衰老对大脑的影响。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及介词，形容词，代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式
36．句意：体育活动被证明可以减轻衰老对大脑的影响。the effects on固定短语，"在某方面的影响"。故填on。
37．句意：专家说，跳舞能同时调动大脑的所有功能—从音乐和动觉，到理性和情感。句中考查并列结构，设空处应该填写形容词与前文的rational构成并列，emotional意为"情感的"，符合句意。故填emotional。
38．句意：所以做这个伟大的活动是非常有益的。设空处缺少主语，应该使用代词。it is of great benefit to do sth.为固定搭配，it为形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.。故填it。
五、写作
39． 上周日你校举办了"强身健体，助力冬奥"为主题的青少年滑冰比赛活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：1.参加人员：滑冰爱好者；2.活动亮点：参与度高；精彩纷呈；3.活动意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右。2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Skating Race
【答案】A Skating Race
Last Sunday, our school held a skating race for teenagers titled "Build up body for the Winter Olympics".
At 9:00 am. many skate lovers in our school gathered on the playground to compete for their best. They moved and jumped fast and smoothly across every obstacle as if they were flying, which made all the audience applaud heatedly. The skills that they showed left a deep impression on me. In the whole competition, we were excited and energetic.
The activity has made me realize that all of us should have strong bodies and we must prepare ourselves well for the coming Winter Olympics.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文写作，要求考生 为校英文报写一篇报道 。写作背景： 上周日你校举办了"强身健体，助力冬奥"为主题的青少年滑冰比赛活动。 写做要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1.参加人员：滑冰爱好者；2.活动亮点：参与度高；精彩纷呈；3.活动意义。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：Last Sunday, our school held a skating race for teenagers titled "Build up body for the Winter Olympics".运用了过去分词作定语；They moved and jumped fast and smoothly across every obstacle as if they were flying, which made all the audience applaud heatedly. 运用了方式状语从句，虚拟语气，非限制性定语从句；The skills that they showed left a deep impression on me. 运用了限制性定语从句；
The activity has made me realize that all of us should have strong bodies and we must prepare ourselves well for the coming Winter Olympics. 运用了并列句，宾语从句。
六、读后续写
40． 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I grew up in a small town where the primary school was a ten-minute walk from my house. When the noon bell rang, I would race breathlessly home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stairs, smiling down at me.
One lunchtime when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had rehearsed (排练) my lines so hard with me. But no matter how easily I acted at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained that she had written a narrator's (旁白的) part to the play, and asked me to change roles. Her words, kindly expressed, still hurt, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn't tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my pain. Instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard.
It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤蔓) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) in the grass in bunch, as if a painter had touched our landscape with gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one dandelion. "I think I'm going to dig up all these weeds," she said, pulling it up by its roots. "From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden."
"But I like dandelions," I protested. "All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions."
My mother looked at me seriously. "Yes, every flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it " She asked thoughtfully. I nodded, pleased that I had won her over. "And that is true of people too," she added. "Not everyone can be a princess, but there is no shame in that." Relieved that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry as I told her what had happened. She listened and smiled.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Paragraph 1
"But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual.
Paragraph 2
After the play, I took home the flower.
【答案】Paragraph 1
"But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, encouraging and comforting me as usual. "You just haven't been ready for the stage performance." Seeing the sadness on my face soften a little, she added, "Why not take the narrator's part as an opportunity to be familiar with the stage " Her encouragement calmed me down gradually, and I began to accept the narrator's part was of vital significance. Soon it was the big day. At first I was still nervous, but then I found a dandelion in my pocket. I knew my mom passed the flower to me, hoping it would be my lucky charm.
Paragraph 2
After the play, I took home the flower. Mom carefully gazed at the dandelion, gently pressed it into the dictionary and grinned happily at me. "We were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking weed." Though decades have passed, I often recall our walk in the yard. Her smile and her words of wisdom have stayed with me and shaped me into who I am now! And this is perhaps the best gift that I've ever received in my life.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读文章可知，讲述了作者小学时，有一次被选中上台扮演公主，每次排练时一上台作者就紧张地忘词，妈妈借花喻人，安慰作者并且成功地帮到了作者，最终作者的演出很成功的故事。段落续写：①由第一段首句内容"就在开演前几分钟，老师向我走了过来。"和第二段首句内容"演出结束后，我把花带回家。"可知，第一段可描写妈妈托老师带给作者花，并且安慰给作者加油打气。②由第二段首句内容"演出结束后，我把花带回家。"可知，第二段可描写作者和妈妈之间借花喻人的对话。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本书面表达要点齐全，上下文连贯，使用一定数量的句式结构，让句子更加生动丰满，同时运用了许多高级词汇和固定短语，提高文章的档次，体现了对英语的熟练的驾驭能力。 例如：Seeing the sadness on my face soften a little, she added, "Why not take the narrator's part as an opportunity to be familiar with the stage " 运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；Her encouragement calmed me down gradually, and I began to accept the narrator's part was of vital significance. 运用了并列句；At first I was still nervous, but then I found a dandelion in my pocket. 运用了转折并列句；I knew my mom passed the flower to me, hoping it would be my lucky charm.运用了现在分词作状语，宾语从句；We were perhaps the only people who would press such a sorry-looking weed.运用了限制性定于此； Though decades have passed, I often recall our walk in the yard. 运用了让步状语从句；Her smile and her words of wisdom have stayed with me and shaped me into who I am now! 运用了宾语从句；And this is perhaps the best gift that I've ever received in my life.运用了限制性定语从句。
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