人教新目标英语七年级上册名词单数变复数的语法规则学案 (含专题练习+答案)

人教新目标英语七年级上册名词单数变复数的语法规则(含专题练习及答案)
一. 名词单数变复数的规则变化
1.一般在名词词尾加"s"
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
map—maps地图
bird—birds鸟
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行车
2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"es"
bus—buses 公交车
class—classes班级
box—boxes盒子
match—matches火柴
watch—watches手表
dish-dishes盘、碟子，餐具
特例, 以ch结尾的词,词尾是加s stomach—stomachs 胃
3.以o结尾名词
①无生命的名词后面加"s"
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音机
piano—pianos钢琴
video—videos 录像
zoo—zoos动物园
kilo—kilos千克
②有生命的名词后面加"es"
tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes土豆
mango—mangoes芒果
volcano—volcanoes火山口
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
注意：以oo结尾, 词尾加s
bamboo—bamboos竹子
kangaroo—kangaroos袋鼠
4.以y结尾的名词
①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加"es "
baby—babies婴儿
city—cities城市
family—families家庭
story—stories故事
party—parties 聚会
army—armies军队
②以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"s"
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
5. 以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为v加"-es"
knife—knives小刀
wolf—wolves狼
wife—wives妻子
life—lives生命
leaf—leaves树叶
chief—chieves小偷
二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化
1.特殊变化
child—children
ox—oxen
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
goose--geese
mouse—mice
man—men
woman—women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。
例如：an Englishman—two Englishmen
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans（鲍曼一家）。
2.单复数同形的名词
deer鹿
sheep绵羊
fish鱼
Chinese中国人
Japanese日本人
注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例如: a dollar—two dollars
3. 集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
例如：people人， police警察， cattle牛等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle
the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
例如：The Chinese are hard-working and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词
1. maths数学，politics政治（学），physics物理学等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
2. news消息、新闻，为不可数名词。
3. the United States美国，the United Nations联合国，应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
5.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
特别注意
1. 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
2. 还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
三．不可数名词的概念。
1.不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词（ a / an )、数词或 many 等词语修饰。
例:Can I have some meat , a bowl of rice and a cup of tea
2．不可数名词的量化需要用公式"数词／冠词＋量词+ of ＋不可数名词"来表示。
Just give me two pieces of bread , please .请给我两片面包。
再如：
a piece of paper 一张纸
two cups of tea 两杯茶
five pieces of paper 五张纸
three glasses of milk 三杯牛奶
3．常考不可数名词。
类别 流体 食品 非食品
food 食物 water 水 meat 肉 paper 纸张
fruit 水果 tea 茶 bread 面包 glass 玻璃
drink 饮料 milk 牛奶 chicken鸡肉 wood 木头
clothing衣服 air 空气 beef 牛肉 cotton 棉花
money 钱 wine葡萄酒 butter黄油 rain 雨
furniture家具 juice 果汁 rice 大米 snow 雪
population人口 coffee咖啡 cheese 奶酪 chalk 粉笔
2．可以修饰不可数名词的词或短语有：
a lot of许多；大量
lots of许多；大量
some一些
much大量
a little一些
little几乎没有
plenty of大量
a bit of一点点
a large amount/number of许多；大量
思考与练习
一、单项选择
1.Mum, I’m quite thirsty.Please give me .
A.two orange B.two bottle of oranges
C.two bottles of orange D.two bottles of oranges
2.All the teachers and students are having a meeting there.
A.women;girls B.women;girl C.woman;girls D.woman;girl
3.They don't have to do today.
A.much homework B.many homeworks C.many homework D.much homeworks
4.We see some rising into the air at the opening of our new library.
A.balloons B.balloon C.balloones
5.The watch was given by for her birthday.
A.one of my sister’s friend B.my sister friend’s
C.my sister friend D.a friend of my sister's
6.The of most trees will fall in autumn
A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.leave
7.The little has two already.
A.baby;teeth B.baby;tooth C.babies;tooth D.babies;teeth
8.There is little in the fridge.Let's go to the market to buy some.
A.eggs B.vegetables C.juice D.snacks
9.This year,the family went camping on Day,June lst.
A.Child B.Child’s C.Children D.Children's
10.—Are there any in your school —Yes.there are.
A.Germen B.Germans C.German D.Germany
11.A set of on the table.
A.key is B.keys is C. keys are D. key are
12.Look!Some in the schoolbag.
A. dictionary is B.dictionaries is C. dictionaries are D. dictionarys are
13.—Where pencils — on the table.
A.is; It's B.are; It's C.is; They’re D.are; They’re
14.—Maria,what vegetables do you like —I like very much,
A.milk B.rice C.apples D. carrots
15.—Do you like vegetables —Yes.I love .
A.oranges B.eggs C.carrots D.hamburgers
16.Jack has some for lunch. And he likes them very much.
A. fruit B.chicken C. tomatoes D.milk
17.We don't have .Let's go and buy(买) some tomatoes and carrots.
A. vegetables B.fruit C. hamburgers D. bread
18.—What do you like,David —Oranges.
A.class B.color C.fruit D. vegetable
19.He likes for lunch, but I like .
A.carrot; chickens B.carrot; chicken C.carrots; chicken D.carrots; chickens
20.That is my and those are my .
A.daughters; sons B.daughter; sons C.daughter; son D.daughters; son
(二)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
21. He has some (rice) and two eggs.
22. Are these your (strawberry)
23.Three (tomato) are on the table.
24. These are two (photo) of my family.
25.Their (dictionary) are on the sofa.
三按要求完成句子
26. This is my good friend.(改为复数句)
27.That is a yellow jacket.(改为复数句)
28. It is an English-Chinese dictionary.(改为复数句)
29. A tomato is on the table.(改为复数句)
30.They are oranges.They are mine.(改为单数句)
思考与练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5：CBAAD
6-10：CACDB
11-15：BCDDC
16-20：CACCB
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
21.rice
22.strawberries
23.tomatoes
24.photos
25.dictionaries
三、按要求完成句子
26. These are my good friends.(改为复数句)
27.Those are yellow jackets.(改为复数句)
28. They are English-Chinese dictionaries.(改为复数句)
29. Tomatoes are on the table.(改为复数句)
30.It is an orange.It is mine.(改为单数句)