【科学备考】2015高考英语（人教通用）二轮复习配套试题：情态动词和虚拟语气（含2014高考试题）
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| 名称 | 【科学备考】2015高考英语（人教通用）二轮复习配套试题：情态动词和虚拟语气（含2014高考试题） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-03-13 12:24:20 | ||
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1.(2014大纲全国卷,30,1分)Although you______find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A.should ? ? ? ?B.need ? ? ? ?C.must ? ? ? ?D.can
[答案] 1.D
[解析] 1.句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到特价商品,但是总的说来那不是能买到便宜货的地方。考查情态动词。can在此处表示“可能性”。
2.(2014重庆,13,1分)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I______it?
A.had done ? ? ? ?B.have done ? ? ? ?C.did ? ? ? ?D.am doing
[答案] 2.A
[解析] 2. 句意:是约翰打坏的窗户,你为什么和我说呢?好像是我打坏的一样。本题考查虚拟语气。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户,所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气,而且是对过去的虚拟,所以要用过去完成时,故选A。
3.(2014重庆,3,1分)I’ve ordered some pizza,so we______worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A.can’t ? ? ? ?B.dare not ? ? ? ?C.needn’t ? ? ? ?D.may not
[答案] 3.C
[解析] 3.句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。本题考查情态动词。A:不能,不可能;B:不敢;C:不必;D:可能不。根据句意可知答案为C项。
4.(2014四川,6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother______take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A.might ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.would ? ? ? ?D.should
[答案] 4.C
[解析] 4.句意:我现在仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。本题考查情态动词。might 可能;must 必须,一定;would 过去常常;should 应该,根据句意应选C项。
5.(2014福建,32,1分)______no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there
B.Had there been
C.If there are
D.If there have been
[答案] 5.A
[解析] 5.句意:要是没有现代化的通讯工具,我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语结构would have可知题干表示与现在事实相反的假设,if条件句谓语应为“动词的过去式”,即If there were...,所以排除B、C和D。在虚拟条件句中可以省略if,把were提到句首,故答案为A项。
6.(2014江西,30,1分)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest______become the richest.
A.shall ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.need ? ? ? ?D.might
[答案] 6.D
[解析] 6.句意:生活是不可预测的;即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知本空表示推测。shall将会(表示预言);must一定;need需要;might可能。根据句意可知,D为答案。
7.(2014湖南,25,1分)—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we______bring anything with us?
A.can’t ? ? ? ?B.mustn’t ? ? ? ?C.shan’t ? ? ? ?D.needn’t
[答案] 7.D
[解析] 7.句意:——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗?本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”,故答案为D项。A:不能,不可能;B:禁止;C:不会。
8.(2014湖南,22,1分)If Mr.Dewey______present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were ? ? ? ?B.had been ? ? ? ?C.should be ? ? ? ?D.was
[答案] 8.B
[解析] 8.句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反,故答案为B项(had been)。在虚拟语气中,如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件从句谓语动词为:had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
9.(2014陕西,25,1分)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who______have taken it?
A.need ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.should ? ? ? ?D.could
[答案] 9.D
[解析] 9.句意:我的书《The House of Hades》丢了。可能会是谁拿走了呢?考查情态动词的用法。从语境分析,could在此处表示对过去“可能性”的推测。故选D项。
10.(2014陕西,23,1分)We would rather our daughter______at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
A.would stay ? ? ? ?B.has stayed ? ? ? ?C.stayed ? ? ? ?D.stay
[答案] 10.C
[解析] 10.句意:我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起,但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了。考查虚拟语气。would rather...表示“宁愿,希望”,其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时,从句用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句用过去完成时。如:I’d rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出错就好了。
11.(2014安徽,30,1分)People are recycling many things which they______away in the past.
A.had thrown ? ? ? ?B.will be throwing ? ? ? ?C.were throwing ? ? ? ?D.would have thrown
[答案] 11.D
[解析] 11.句意:人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。考查虚拟语气。本句定语从句部分为含蓄条件句,表示“要是过去的话,这些东西就会被扔掉了”。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故用would have done,故选D。
12.(2014浙江,16,0.5分)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they______to our help.
A.would have come
B.could come
C.have come
D.had come
[答案] 12.A
[解析] 12.句意:我们在做调查的那几个月,他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。考查虚拟语气。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故选A。
13.(2014江苏,31,1分)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,______bring me food.
A.might ? ? ? ?B.would ? ? ? ?C.should ? ? ? ?D.could
[答案] 13.C
[解析] 13.句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。
14.(2014天津,15,1分)______the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.
A.Did he catch
B.Should he catch
C.Has he caught
D.Had he caught
[答案] 14.D
[解析] 14.句意:要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意,此处是与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚拟条件句,应把助动词had提到句首,变为倒装句式。所以答案为D项。
15.(2014北京,34)We______back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A.are ? ? ? ?B.were ? ? ? ?C.will be ? ? ? ?D.would be
[答案] 15.D
[解析] 15.句意:如果你没有丢掉地图,我们现在回到宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知,if引导的从句是对过去事实的阐述,而主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,其谓语动词应为:would/should/could/might+do结构,故选择D项。
16.(2014北京,27)______I have a word with you?It won’t take long.
A.Can ? ? ? ?B.Must ? ? ? ?C.Shall ? ? ? ?D.Should
[答案] 16.A
[解析] 16.句意:我能和你说句话吗?不会花很长时间的。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。can可以,表请求允许;must必须,表必要性;shall与第一人称连用,用于一般疑问句中表示建议;should应该,表义务。根据句意应选择A项。
17.（2014天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考一，14）Housing prices _________much higher now if the government hadn’t taken measures to control house dealing.
A. were ????????
B. would be
C. had been ????????
D. would have been
[答案] 17.B
[解析] 17.句意：如果政府没有采取措施来控制物价的话，那现在的房价将会更高的。考查虚拟语气。if引动的虚拟条件句是如过去情况相反的假设，而根据主句的时间状语now可知空格处是与现在情况相反的假设，谓语动词要用would be，所以答案为B项。
18.（2014天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考一，3）Tony ________ the invitation, otherwise he would have attended your birthday party.
A. couldn’t have received ????
B. mustn’t have received
C. needn’t have received ????????
D. shouldn’t have received
[答案] 18.A
[解析] 18.句意：托尼不可能收到了邀请，否则的话他就回来参加你的生日聚会了。couldn’t have done意为：过去不可能做过某事，符合语境。B项本身是错误的，must不能表否定推测；needn’t have done意为：过去没有必要做某事；shouldn’t have done意为：过去不应该做某事。
19.（2014重庆市重庆一中高三下学期第一次月考，24）— You naughty boy! You _____ get what you deserve!
— I am sorry! Please forgive me!
A. can ???
B. shall ??? ????????
C. must ????????
D. ought to
[答案] 19.B
[解析] 19.句意：—你这个淘气的孩子！你会的到报应的。—对不起了！原谅我吧。根据对话的语境此处考查情态动词shall用在第二人称代词you之后表示说话者一种警告的语气。shall用在第二、三人称后表示说话者的命令、警告、许诺等语气。
20.（2014江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考，28）Personally, the job as a teacher ________ be challenging, for I sometimes ________ deal with some smarter but less diligent students.
A. can; have to???????
B. may; can???????
C. has to; may????????
D. ought to; must?
[答案] 20.A
[解析] 20.句意：就我个人而言，老师的工作有时候会很具有挑战性，因为我有时候不得不应对一些比较聪明蛋又不勤奋的学生。第一个表达：这份工作在某些时候可能会……，要用情态动词can；第二个看表达：有的时候不得不做某事，要用have to do sth. ；所以答案为A项。
21.（2014重庆市名校联盟高三下学期联合考试，11）Whether dying patients ????? be helped to end their lives is a tough moral question.
A. must
B. should?????????
C. might?????????
D. would
[答案] 21.B
[解析] 21.句意：是不是应该帮助濒死的父母结束生命这是很艰难的道义问题。考查情态动词。根据语境可知此处表说话者表达是否应该做某事，要用should。
22.（2014四川省成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测，9）—Where did you get this book?
—I picked it up from a second-hand bookshop if you ________know.
A. must ?????????
B. will
C. can
D. shall
[答案] 22.A
[解析] 22.句意：—你是在哪儿买到的这本书？—如果你一定要知道的话，那我实在一家二手书店偶然看到的。考查情态动词，说话者表达：非得要做某事、一定要做某事；要用must。
23.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，23）The results of the medical checkup suggested that my father ? ? in poor health, so the doctor suggested that he ? ? ? smoking and take more exercise.
A. was; gave up
B. be; should give up
C. should be; gave up
D. was; give up
[答案] 23.D
[解析] 23.句意：医疗检查结果表明我的父亲健康状况不佳，因此医生建议他戒烟，多运动。第一空suggest意为“暗示，表明” ，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气；第二空suggest意为“建议” ，其后宾语从句用“should+动词原形” 表示虚拟，should可以省略。
24.（2014江西省红色六校高三第二次联考，33）We would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube________ it rain tomorrow.
A. Would ? ???
B. Were ??? ??
C. Should ?
D. Could
[答案] 24.C
[解析] 24.句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟参观水立方。在if条件句中用“should+动词原形” 表示与将来事实相反的假设，且可以省略if，将should提到主语之前，即：should it rain tomorrow = if it should rain tomorrow。
25.（2014江西省红色六校高三第二次联考，30）He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should?????????
B. must?????????
C. wouldn’t???????
D. can’t
[答案] 25.B
[解析] 25.句意：他一定已经完成工作了；否则，他就不会在海边这么享受了。下文otherwise和wouldn’t be enjoying暗示这是一个与现在事实相反的假设，即，他此刻正在海边享受。故前文应用“must+have+过去分词” 表示对过去的推测，语气很肯定。
26.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，29）—How dangerous it was!
—Yes，but for the young man’s quick action，he_________ run over by the car.
A. must have been?????
B. could have been?????
C. would be??????????
D. might be
[答案] 26.B
[解析] 26.句意：——好险啊！——是啊，要不是这个年轻人动作快，他可能就被车碾过去了。根据语境可知，双方在谈论过去的一件事。but for（要不是）引导的短语可以起到一个虚拟条件句的作用，相当于if there hadn’t been the young man’s quick action，故主语应使用could have been表示与过去事实相反的假设。A项只表示对过去事情的推测，不表示虚拟。
27.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，27）The hotline_________ be very busy，but keep trying and you’ll get through.
A. should????????????
B. must
C. can ?
D. would
[答案] 27.C
[解析] 27.句意：该热线有时会很忙，但是不停地拨打，你就能打通。can有时可以用于肯定句，表示理论上的可能性，说明人或事物的特征。又如：He can be very difficult to please. 他这个人有时很难伺候。
28.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，33）—Is Jack still in hospital?
—Yes. He _________ the bad food.
A. wouldn’t eat B. shouldn’t eat C. wouldn’t have eaten D. shouldn’t have eaten
[答案] 28.D
[解析] 28.句意：——杰克还在住院？——是啊。他本不该吃变质的食物。杰克吃坏肚子发生在过去，故使用“shouldn’t+have+过去分词” 表示对过去事情的遗憾或责怪，意为“本来不应该做某事（却做了）” 。
29.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，26）I _________? to the party with you tomorrow if I didn’t have to attend the meeting.
A. went ? B. had gone ? C. would go D. would have gone
[答案] 29.C
[解析] 29.句意：如果不开会，明天我就和你一起参加聚会。时间状语tomorrow提示此句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句用“would+动词原形” ，if从句用动词的过去式。
30.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，23）—Was the United State of America founded on July 4th, 1776？
—You _________? be right but I need to check it in the history textbook anyway.
A. have to ?? B. must C. may ? D. will
[答案] 30.C
[解析] 30.句意：——美国是成立于1776年7月4日吗？——你可能说得对，但是我还是要在历史书中查一查。下文暗示说话人的语气不确定，所以用may推测“可能是对的” 。
31.(2014安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测，35) — Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor?
— No. I ______ it, but I' ve been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days.
A. would have attended B. should attend C. must have attended D. would attend
[答案] 31.A
[解析] 31.句意：——你去听客座教授的讲座了吗？——没有。我本来要去的，但是这些天我一直忙着在医院照顾奶奶。上文Did you go to…告诉我们“听讲座” 是过去的一件事。由此判断，这是一个和过去事实相反的假设，故选A；注意must have done只表示对过去的肯定推测，意为“一定…” 。
32.（2014安徽省江南十校高三3月联考，30）—The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
— ______ my brother have a try?
A. Will B. May C. Shall D. Must
[答案] 32.C
[解析] 32.句意：——限期快到了，但是我没能再次挑战这个任务。——要我哥哥试一试吗？情态动词shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句时，表示说话人征询对方的意见或提出请求。又如：Shall I open the window? 我打开窗子好吗？
33.（2014北京市海淀区高三年级第一学期期末，35）But for the mistakes he made, Li Ming ______ the entrance exam last year.
A. would have passed? B. will pass??? C. would pass????? ? D. will have passed
[答案] 33.A
[解析] 33.句意：要不是他所犯的错误，李明去年就可以通过入学考试了。本题考查虚拟语气。But for the mistakes he made相当于含蓄条件句If it hadn’t been for the mistakes he made，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分采用would have done结构，故选A项。
34.（2014北京市海淀区高三年级第一学期期末，30） —Can I smoke here?
—No. Go to the smoking section, if you ______.
A. must??? ???????
B. can? ????????
C. shall??? ???????
D. may
[答案] 34.A
[解析] 34.句意：—— 我能在这儿吸烟吗？—— 不能。如果你非要吸，就请去吸烟区。本题考查情态动词。must在句中意为“非要” ，其他三项都与语境不符，所以选A项。
35.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，36）Had they known what was coming next, they __________ second thought.
A. may have ????
B. could have ??
C. must have had ??
D. might have had
[答案] 35.D
[解析] 35.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们直到接下来会发生什么，他们可能会仔细考虑。此处从句是省略了if的虚拟语气，补充完整为If they had known what was coming next，且是和过去事实相反，故主句用would/could/might/ should have done形式，即D项正确。
36.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，34）___________ your timely help, I __________ in the traffic jam for a long time.
A. Without; would be
B. But for; would be
C. Otherwise; would have been
D. But for; would have been
[答案] 36.D
[解析] 36.考查介词和虚拟语气。句意：要不是你们及时帮忙，我会堵车很长时间。根据语境可知第一空but for“要不是” 正确；根据语境可知此处是和过去事实相反，故主句用would/could/might/ should have done形式，即D项正确。without“没有” ；otherwise“否则” 。
37.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，29）We _______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not ????????
B. needn’t ??????
C. can’t ??
D. mustn’t
[答案] 37.B
[解析] 37.考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie没和我们一起吃饭，我们本没有必要买这么多食物。needn’t have bought“本没有必要做某事” ，符合语境。
38.（2014四川省成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测，5）—You talk so much about London. You ________have been there.
—Yeah, I went sightseeing on a tour last summer.
A. must???????
B. can ???
C. will
D. need
[答案] 38.A
[解析] 38.考查情态动词。句意：——你对伦敦了解很多，肯定去过那儿。——恩，我上个暑假去那儿观光旅游了。根据语境可知此处是对过去情况的肯定推测，故用must have done结构。
39.（2014山东省济南市高三教学质量调研，4）_______ I suggest that you consider the matter further before taking any action?
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
[答案] 39.B
[解析] 39.考查情态动词。句意：我可以建议你在行动之前再次进一步地考虑这个事件吗？may表示请求，许可，符合语境。
40.（2014江苏省扬州市高三期末质量检测，21）—Mary knocked into a tree last night while driving, but she is all right.
—She is lucky. She ??????? herself badly.
A. should injure? ???
B. might injure
C. should have injured? ????????????
D. could have injured
[答案] 40.答案 D
[解析] 40.句意：——玛丽昨晚开车撞树上了，但她人没事。——她真幸运。她本会受重伤的。上文last night提示这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，首先排除A、B两项；should have done表示对过去的遗憾和责备，意思是“本该做某事（而没做）。
41.（2014吉林省吉林市高三上学期期末教学质量检测，34）He _________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn’t ??
B. shouldn’t ???????
C. couldn’t ????????
D. mustn’t?
[答案] 41.C
[解析] 41.句意：他想睡却睡不着，绞尽脑汁地想办法，一直到想出来才睡着。此处couldn’t表示“不可能” 。A 不愿意；B 不应该；D 表示禁止之意。
42.（2014吉林省吉林市高三上学期期末教学质量检测，33）— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _________.
A. haven’t ???
B. didn’t ??
C. don’t ??
D. hadn’t?
[答案] 42.D
[解析] 42.句意：——上午下了这么大的雨，真高兴我们带了伞。——是啊，要不然全身都得湿透了。主句用了would have done，则if条件句应使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设。完整结构为：…if we hadn’t taken an umbrella.
43.（2014河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试，29）—Has Mr. Lu shown up in class yet?
—No, I guess something ______have come up.
A. need?????????
B. should???????
C. might?????????
D. must
[答案] 43.C
[解析] 43.句意：——陆老师来上课了吗？——没有，我猜可能出什么事了。I guess暗示说话人的语气是委婉、不确定的，故应使用might have done表示对过去情况的推测，意思是“可能…” 。must have done则是对过去情况的肯定判断，语气强，意思是“肯定…” ；should have done表示推测时，意思是“按道理应该…” ；need不用于肯定句，也不表示推测。
44.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，30）“Attention, please. Whoever can answer one of my questions _________ receive a prize.” Mr Huang said in class.
A. should???????????
B. might C. shallD. would
[答案] 44.C
[解析] 44.句意：黄老师在课堂上说：“请注意。凡是能回答上我其中一个问题的同学都会获得一次奖励。” 情态动词shall可用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的允诺。
45.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，29）—It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.
—He would be still alive today if he ___________it.
A. doesn’t take?????
B. shouldn’t have taken??
C. didn’t take
D. hadn’t taken
[答案] 45.D
[解析] 45.句意：——杀死这个男孩的是药物而非疾病。——如果他当时没有吃药，今天依然还活着。本句属于混合虚拟条件句，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，而从句“吃药” 发生在过去，故应使用had done结构来表示与过去事实相反的假设。
46.(2014甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断，5) It _____ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may???????????? B. couldn’t????????? C. should?????????? D. needn’t
[答案] 46.B
[解析] 46.句意：导致你练习中出现问题的不可能是词汇，因为你知道的单词很多。couldn’t表示对过去的否定推测，意为“不可能” 。
47.(2014甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断，4) We lost our way in this small village , otherwise , we ______ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited????????
B. had visited???????
C. would visit?????
D. would have visited
[答案] 47.D
[解析] 47.句意：要不是在这个小村子里迷路了，我们昨天本会参观更多的名胜古迹。lost提示这是过去的一件事，otherwise暗示“如果（过去）没有迷路的话…” 。由此判断，这是一个和过去事实相反的假设，所以主句该用“would+have+过去分词” 句式。
48.（2014福建省厦门市高三上学期质量检测，34）Had the government limited the sales of cars much earlier, traffic jam and pollution _______ so serious now.
A. has not been ? ? ? ?
B. would not be ? ?
C . had not been ? ?
D . wouldn' t have been
[答案] 48.B
[解析] 48.句意：如果政府早点儿限制汽车的销售，目前的交通拥堵和空气污染问题就不会那么严重。本题考查混合虚拟条件句。即，从句用“had+过去分词” 表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句时间状语now则提示主句是和现在事实相反的假设，故选择B。
49.（2014安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测，34）The players from Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club have been doing very well recently, so they ? ?_____ win the final match.
A. need ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
B. might ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
C. would ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
D. should
[答案] 49.D
[解析] 49.句意：广州恒大足球俱乐部的队员们近来表现一直很好，想必会赢得这场决赛。情态动词should表示推测，意思是“按理该……” “想必……” “估计该……” ；might也可以表示推测，但是语气更加委婉和不确定，故不符合语境。
英语
1.(2014大纲全国卷,30,1分)Although you______find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A.should ? ? ? ?B.need ? ? ? ?C.must ? ? ? ?D.can
[答案] 1.D
[解析] 1.句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到特价商品,但是总的说来那不是能买到便宜货的地方。考查情态动词。can在此处表示“可能性”。
2.(2014重庆,13,1分)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I______it?
A.had done ? ? ? ?B.have done ? ? ? ?C.did ? ? ? ?D.am doing
[答案] 2.A
[解析] 2. 句意:是约翰打坏的窗户,你为什么和我说呢?好像是我打坏的一样。本题考查虚拟语气。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户,所以第二句中as if后面要用虚拟语气,而且是对过去的虚拟,所以要用过去完成时,故选A。
3.(2014重庆,3,1分)I’ve ordered some pizza,so we______worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A.can’t ? ? ? ?B.dare not ? ? ? ?C.needn’t ? ? ? ?D.may not
[答案] 3.C
[解析] 3.句意:我已经预订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事了。本题考查情态动词。A:不能,不可能;B:不敢;C:不必;D:可能不。根据句意可知答案为C项。
4.(2014四川,6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother______take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A.might ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.would ? ? ? ?D.should
[答案] 4.C
[解析] 4.句意:我现在仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。本题考查情态动词。might 可能;must 必须,一定;would 过去常常;should 应该,根据句意应选C项。
5.(2014福建,32,1分)______no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A.Were there
B.Had there been
C.If there are
D.If there have been
[答案] 5.A
[解析] 5.句意:要是没有现代化的通讯工具,我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。本题考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语结构would have可知题干表示与现在事实相反的假设,if条件句谓语应为“动词的过去式”,即If there were...,所以排除B、C和D。在虚拟条件句中可以省略if,把were提到句首,故答案为A项。
6.(2014江西,30,1分)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest______become the richest.
A.shall ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.need ? ? ? ?D.might
[答案] 6.D
[解析] 6.句意:生活是不可预测的;即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知本空表示推测。shall将会(表示预言);must一定;need需要;might可能。根据句意可知,D为答案。
7.(2014湖南,25,1分)—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we______bring anything with us?
A.can’t ? ? ? ?B.mustn’t ? ? ? ?C.shan’t ? ? ? ?D.needn’t
[答案] 7.D
[解析] 7.句意:——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗?本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”,故答案为D项。A:不能,不可能;B:禁止;C:不会。
8.(2014湖南,22,1分)If Mr.Dewey______present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were ? ? ? ?B.had been ? ? ? ?C.should be ? ? ? ?D.was
[答案] 8.B
[解析] 8.句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相反,故答案为B项(had been)。在虚拟语气中,如果条件从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件从句谓语动词为:had+过去分词,主句谓语动词为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
9.(2014陕西,25,1分)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who______have taken it?
A.need ? ? ? ?B.must ? ? ? ?C.should ? ? ? ?D.could
[答案] 9.D
[解析] 9.句意:我的书《The House of Hades》丢了。可能会是谁拿走了呢?考查情态动词的用法。从语境分析,could在此处表示对过去“可能性”的推测。故选D项。
10.(2014陕西,23,1分)We would rather our daughter______at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.
A.would stay ? ? ? ?B.has stayed ? ? ? ?C.stayed ? ? ? ?D.stay
[答案] 10.C
[解析] 10.句意:我们希望女儿待在家里和我们在一起,但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了。考查虚拟语气。would rather...表示“宁愿,希望”,其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事实相反的假设时,从句用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反的假设时,从句用过去完成时。如:I’d rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要是我昨天不出错就好了。
11.(2014安徽,30,1分)People are recycling many things which they______away in the past.
A.had thrown ? ? ? ?B.will be throwing ? ? ? ?C.were throwing ? ? ? ?D.would have thrown
[答案] 11.D
[解析] 11.句意:人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。考查虚拟语气。本句定语从句部分为含蓄条件句,表示“要是过去的话,这些东西就会被扔掉了”。根据句意可知此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故用would have done,故选D。
12.(2014浙江,16,0.5分)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation,or they______to our help.
A.would have come
B.could come
C.have come
D.had come
[答案] 12.A
[解析] 12.句意:我们在做调查的那几个月,他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。考查虚拟语气。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故选A。
13.(2014江苏,31,1分)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,______bring me food.
A.might ? ? ? ?B.would ? ? ? ?C.should ? ? ? ?D.could
[答案] 13.C
[解析] 13.句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。
14.(2014天津,15,1分)______the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting.
A.Did he catch
B.Should he catch
C.Has he caught
D.Had he caught
[答案] 14.D
[解析] 14.句意:要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意,此处是与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚拟条件句,应把助动词had提到句首,变为倒装句式。所以答案为D项。
15.(2014北京,34)We______back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
A.are ? ? ? ?B.were ? ? ? ?C.will be ? ? ? ?D.would be
[答案] 15.D
[解析] 15.句意:如果你没有丢掉地图,我们现在回到宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知,if引导的从句是对过去事实的阐述,而主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟,其谓语动词应为:would/should/could/might+do结构,故选择D项。
16.(2014北京,27)______I have a word with you?It won’t take long.
A.Can ? ? ? ?B.Must ? ? ? ?C.Shall ? ? ? ?D.Should
[答案] 16.A
[解析] 16.句意:我能和你说句话吗?不会花很长时间的。本题考查情态动词的基本用法。can可以,表请求允许;must必须,表必要性;shall与第一人称连用,用于一般疑问句中表示建议;should应该,表义务。根据句意应选择A项。
17.（2014天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考一，14）Housing prices _________much higher now if the government hadn’t taken measures to control house dealing.
A. were ????????
B. would be
C. had been ????????
D. would have been
[答案] 17.B
[解析] 17.句意：如果政府没有采取措施来控制物价的话，那现在的房价将会更高的。考查虚拟语气。if引动的虚拟条件句是如过去情况相反的假设，而根据主句的时间状语now可知空格处是与现在情况相反的假设，谓语动词要用would be，所以答案为B项。
18.（2014天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考一，3）Tony ________ the invitation, otherwise he would have attended your birthday party.
A. couldn’t have received ????
B. mustn’t have received
C. needn’t have received ????????
D. shouldn’t have received
[答案] 18.A
[解析] 18.句意：托尼不可能收到了邀请，否则的话他就回来参加你的生日聚会了。couldn’t have done意为：过去不可能做过某事，符合语境。B项本身是错误的，must不能表否定推测；needn’t have done意为：过去没有必要做某事；shouldn’t have done意为：过去不应该做某事。
19.（2014重庆市重庆一中高三下学期第一次月考，24）— You naughty boy! You _____ get what you deserve!
— I am sorry! Please forgive me!
A. can ???
B. shall ??? ????????
C. must ????????
D. ought to
[答案] 19.B
[解析] 19.句意：—你这个淘气的孩子！你会的到报应的。—对不起了！原谅我吧。根据对话的语境此处考查情态动词shall用在第二人称代词you之后表示说话者一种警告的语气。shall用在第二、三人称后表示说话者的命令、警告、许诺等语气。
20.（2014江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考，28）Personally, the job as a teacher ________ be challenging, for I sometimes ________ deal with some smarter but less diligent students.
A. can; have to???????
B. may; can???????
C. has to; may????????
D. ought to; must?
[答案] 20.A
[解析] 20.句意：就我个人而言，老师的工作有时候会很具有挑战性，因为我有时候不得不应对一些比较聪明蛋又不勤奋的学生。第一个表达：这份工作在某些时候可能会……，要用情态动词can；第二个看表达：有的时候不得不做某事，要用have to do sth. ；所以答案为A项。
21.（2014重庆市名校联盟高三下学期联合考试，11）Whether dying patients ????? be helped to end their lives is a tough moral question.
A. must
B. should?????????
C. might?????????
D. would
[答案] 21.B
[解析] 21.句意：是不是应该帮助濒死的父母结束生命这是很艰难的道义问题。考查情态动词。根据语境可知此处表说话者表达是否应该做某事，要用should。
22.（2014四川省成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测，9）—Where did you get this book?
—I picked it up from a second-hand bookshop if you ________know.
A. must ?????????
B. will
C. can
D. shall
[答案] 22.A
[解析] 22.句意：—你是在哪儿买到的这本书？—如果你一定要知道的话，那我实在一家二手书店偶然看到的。考查情态动词，说话者表达：非得要做某事、一定要做某事；要用must。
23.（2014吉林省实验中学高三第一次模拟，23）The results of the medical checkup suggested that my father ? ? in poor health, so the doctor suggested that he ? ? ? smoking and take more exercise.
A. was; gave up
B. be; should give up
C. should be; gave up
D. was; give up
[答案] 23.D
[解析] 23.句意：医疗检查结果表明我的父亲健康状况不佳，因此医生建议他戒烟，多运动。第一空suggest意为“暗示，表明” ，其后宾语从句不用虚拟语气；第二空suggest意为“建议” ，其后宾语从句用“should+动词原形” 表示虚拟，should可以省略。
24.（2014江西省红色六校高三第二次联考，33）We would have to put off the visit to the Water Cube________ it rain tomorrow.
A. Would ? ???
B. Were ??? ??
C. Should ?
D. Could
[答案] 24.C
[解析] 24.句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟参观水立方。在if条件句中用“should+动词原形” 表示与将来事实相反的假设，且可以省略if，将should提到主语之前，即：should it rain tomorrow = if it should rain tomorrow。
25.（2014江西省红色六校高三第二次联考，30）He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should?????????
B. must?????????
C. wouldn’t???????
D. can’t
[答案] 25.B
[解析] 25.句意：他一定已经完成工作了；否则，他就不会在海边这么享受了。下文otherwise和wouldn’t be enjoying暗示这是一个与现在事实相反的假设，即，他此刻正在海边享受。故前文应用“must+have+过去分词” 表示对过去的推测，语气很肯定。
26.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，29）—How dangerous it was!
—Yes，but for the young man’s quick action，he_________ run over by the car.
A. must have been?????
B. could have been?????
C. would be??????????
D. might be
[答案] 26.B
[解析] 26.句意：——好险啊！——是啊，要不是这个年轻人动作快，他可能就被车碾过去了。根据语境可知，双方在谈论过去的一件事。but for（要不是）引导的短语可以起到一个虚拟条件句的作用，相当于if there hadn’t been the young man’s quick action，故主语应使用could have been表示与过去事实相反的假设。A项只表示对过去事情的推测，不表示虚拟。
27.（2014福建省福州市高三毕业班质量检测，27）The hotline_________ be very busy，but keep trying and you’ll get through.
A. should????????????
B. must
C. can ?
D. would
[答案] 27.C
[解析] 27.句意：该热线有时会很忙，但是不停地拨打，你就能打通。can有时可以用于肯定句，表示理论上的可能性，说明人或事物的特征。又如：He can be very difficult to please. 他这个人有时很难伺候。
28.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，33）—Is Jack still in hospital?
—Yes. He _________ the bad food.
A. wouldn’t eat B. shouldn’t eat C. wouldn’t have eaten D. shouldn’t have eaten
[答案] 28.D
[解析] 28.句意：——杰克还在住院？——是啊。他本不该吃变质的食物。杰克吃坏肚子发生在过去，故使用“shouldn’t+have+过去分词” 表示对过去事情的遗憾或责怪，意为“本来不应该做某事（却做了）” 。
29.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，26）I _________? to the party with you tomorrow if I didn’t have to attend the meeting.
A. went ? B. had gone ? C. would go D. would have gone
[答案] 29.C
[解析] 29.句意：如果不开会，明天我就和你一起参加聚会。时间状语tomorrow提示此句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句用“would+动词原形” ，if从句用动词的过去式。
30.（2014北京东城区高三第二学期教学统一检测，23）—Was the United State of America founded on July 4th, 1776？
—You _________? be right but I need to check it in the history textbook anyway.
A. have to ?? B. must C. may ? D. will
[答案] 30.C
[解析] 30.句意：——美国是成立于1776年7月4日吗？——你可能说得对，但是我还是要在历史书中查一查。下文暗示说话人的语气不确定，所以用may推测“可能是对的” 。
31.(2014安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测，35) — Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor?
— No. I ______ it, but I' ve been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days.
A. would have attended B. should attend C. must have attended D. would attend
[答案] 31.A
[解析] 31.句意：——你去听客座教授的讲座了吗？——没有。我本来要去的，但是这些天我一直忙着在医院照顾奶奶。上文Did you go to…告诉我们“听讲座” 是过去的一件事。由此判断，这是一个和过去事实相反的假设，故选A；注意must have done只表示对过去的肯定推测，意为“一定…” 。
32.（2014安徽省江南十校高三3月联考，30）—The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.
— ______ my brother have a try?
A. Will B. May C. Shall D. Must
[答案] 32.C
[解析] 32.句意：——限期快到了，但是我没能再次挑战这个任务。——要我哥哥试一试吗？情态动词shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句时，表示说话人征询对方的意见或提出请求。又如：Shall I open the window? 我打开窗子好吗？
33.（2014北京市海淀区高三年级第一学期期末，35）But for the mistakes he made, Li Ming ______ the entrance exam last year.
A. would have passed? B. will pass??? C. would pass????? ? D. will have passed
[答案] 33.A
[解析] 33.句意：要不是他所犯的错误，李明去年就可以通过入学考试了。本题考查虚拟语气。But for the mistakes he made相当于含蓄条件句If it hadn’t been for the mistakes he made，此处表示与过去事实相反，所以主句部分采用would have done结构，故选A项。
34.（2014北京市海淀区高三年级第一学期期末，30） —Can I smoke here?
—No. Go to the smoking section, if you ______.
A. must??? ???????
B. can? ????????
C. shall??? ???????
D. may
[答案] 34.A
[解析] 34.句意：—— 我能在这儿吸烟吗？—— 不能。如果你非要吸，就请去吸烟区。本题考查情态动词。must在句中意为“非要” ，其他三项都与语境不符，所以选A项。
35.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，36）Had they known what was coming next, they __________ second thought.
A. may have ????
B. could have ??
C. must have had ??
D. might have had
[答案] 35.D
[解析] 35.考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们直到接下来会发生什么，他们可能会仔细考虑。此处从句是省略了if的虚拟语气，补充完整为If they had known what was coming next，且是和过去事实相反，故主句用would/could/might/ should have done形式，即D项正确。
36.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，34）___________ your timely help, I __________ in the traffic jam for a long time.
A. Without; would be
B. But for; would be
C. Otherwise; would have been
D. But for; would have been
[答案] 36.D
[解析] 36.考查介词和虚拟语气。句意：要不是你们及时帮忙，我会堵车很长时间。根据语境可知第一空but for“要不是” 正确；根据语境可知此处是和过去事实相反，故主句用would/could/might/ should have done形式，即D项正确。without“没有” ；otherwise“否则” 。
37.（2014浙江省温州十校联合体高三上学期期末考试，29）We _______ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A. may not ????????
B. needn’t ??????
C. can’t ??
D. mustn’t
[答案] 37.B
[解析] 37.考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie没和我们一起吃饭，我们本没有必要买这么多食物。needn’t have bought“本没有必要做某事” ，符合语境。
38.（2014四川省成都市高中毕业班第一次诊断性检测，5）—You talk so much about London. You ________have been there.
—Yeah, I went sightseeing on a tour last summer.
A. must???????
B. can ???
C. will
D. need
[答案] 38.A
[解析] 38.考查情态动词。句意：——你对伦敦了解很多，肯定去过那儿。——恩，我上个暑假去那儿观光旅游了。根据语境可知此处是对过去情况的肯定推测，故用must have done结构。
39.（2014山东省济南市高三教学质量调研，4）_______ I suggest that you consider the matter further before taking any action?
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should
[答案] 39.B
[解析] 39.考查情态动词。句意：我可以建议你在行动之前再次进一步地考虑这个事件吗？may表示请求，许可，符合语境。
40.（2014江苏省扬州市高三期末质量检测，21）—Mary knocked into a tree last night while driving, but she is all right.
—She is lucky. She ??????? herself badly.
A. should injure? ???
B. might injure
C. should have injured? ????????????
D. could have injured
[答案] 40.答案 D
[解析] 40.句意：——玛丽昨晚开车撞树上了，但她人没事。——她真幸运。她本会受重伤的。上文last night提示这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，首先排除A、B两项；should have done表示对过去的遗憾和责备，意思是“本该做某事（而没做）。
41.（2014吉林省吉林市高三上学期期末教学质量检测，34）He _________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn’t ??
B. shouldn’t ???????
C. couldn’t ????????
D. mustn’t?
[答案] 41.C
[解析] 41.句意：他想睡却睡不着，绞尽脑汁地想办法，一直到想出来才睡着。此处couldn’t表示“不可能” 。A 不愿意；B 不应该；D 表示禁止之意。
42.（2014吉林省吉林市高三上学期期末教学质量检测，33）— It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.
— Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _________.
A. haven’t ???
B. didn’t ??
C. don’t ??
D. hadn’t?
[答案] 42.D
[解析] 42.句意：——上午下了这么大的雨，真高兴我们带了伞。——是啊，要不然全身都得湿透了。主句用了would have done，则if条件句应使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的假设。完整结构为：…if we hadn’t taken an umbrella.
43.（2014河南省开封市高三第一次模拟考试，29）—Has Mr. Lu shown up in class yet?
—No, I guess something ______have come up.
A. need?????????
B. should???????
C. might?????????
D. must
[答案] 43.C
[解析] 43.句意：——陆老师来上课了吗？——没有，我猜可能出什么事了。I guess暗示说话人的语气是委婉、不确定的，故应使用might have done表示对过去情况的推测，意思是“可能…” 。must have done则是对过去情况的肯定判断，语气强，意思是“肯定…” ；should have done表示推测时，意思是“按道理应该…” ；need不用于肯定句，也不表示推测。
44.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，30）“Attention, please. Whoever can answer one of my questions _________ receive a prize.” Mr Huang said in class.
A. should???????????
B. might C. shallD. would
[答案] 44.C
[解析] 44.句意：黄老师在课堂上说：“请注意。凡是能回答上我其中一个问题的同学都会获得一次奖励。” 情态动词shall可用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的允诺。
45.（2014河北衡水中学高三上学期五调，29）—It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy.
—He would be still alive today if he ___________it.
A. doesn’t take?????
B. shouldn’t have taken??
C. didn’t take
D. hadn’t taken
[答案] 45.D
[解析] 45.句意：——杀死这个男孩的是药物而非疾病。——如果他当时没有吃药，今天依然还活着。本句属于混合虚拟条件句，主句是与现在事实相反的假设，而从句“吃药” 发生在过去，故应使用had done结构来表示与过去事实相反的假设。
46.(2014甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断，5) It _____ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may???????????? B. couldn’t????????? C. should?????????? D. needn’t
[答案] 46.B
[解析] 46.句意：导致你练习中出现问题的不可能是词汇，因为你知道的单词很多。couldn’t表示对过去的否定推测，意为“不可能” 。
47.(2014甘肃省兰州市高三第一次诊断，4) We lost our way in this small village , otherwise , we ______ more places of interest yesterday.
A. visited????????
B. had visited???????
C. would visit?????
D. would have visited
[答案] 47.D
[解析] 47.句意：要不是在这个小村子里迷路了，我们昨天本会参观更多的名胜古迹。lost提示这是过去的一件事，otherwise暗示“如果（过去）没有迷路的话…” 。由此判断，这是一个和过去事实相反的假设，所以主句该用“would+have+过去分词” 句式。
48.（2014福建省厦门市高三上学期质量检测，34）Had the government limited the sales of cars much earlier, traffic jam and pollution _______ so serious now.
A. has not been ? ? ? ?
B. would not be ? ?
C . had not been ? ?
D . wouldn' t have been
[答案] 48.B
[解析] 48.句意：如果政府早点儿限制汽车的销售，目前的交通拥堵和空气污染问题就不会那么严重。本题考查混合虚拟条件句。即，从句用“had+过去分词” 表示与过去事实相反的假设，而主句时间状语now则提示主句是和现在事实相反的假设，故选择B。
49.（2014安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测，34）The players from Guangzhou Evergrande Football Club have been doing very well recently, so they ? ?_____ win the final match.
A. need ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
B. might ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
C. would ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
D. should
[答案] 49.D
[解析] 49.句意：广州恒大足球俱乐部的队员们近来表现一直很好，想必会赢得这场决赛。情态动词should表示推测，意思是“按理该……” “想必……” “估计该……” ；might也可以表示推测，但是语气更加委婉和不确定，故不符合语境。