人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking知识点课件(共24张PPT)
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking知识点课件(共24张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 602.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-02 08:55:42 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共24张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Language Points
1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera.
作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
2. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
总的来说，当时的医生对霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的解释。
contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
他的叙述与事实矛盾。
【拓展】
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
3. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。
本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。
翻译：
我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室(three-bedroom)的房子。
My dream was that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city.
【思考】请找出课文中的表语从句。
4. Snow subscribed to the second theory.
subscribe v. 认购(股份)；定期订购； 定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
【拓展】 subscribe to 同意, 赞成
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
每名员工可认购价值最高达2,000股的股票。
你可以以每年32美元的价格订阅这本杂志。
她加入了一个环保行动组织。
斯诺同意第二种理论。
翻译：
This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even death.这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。
5. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中, 含有so…that….引导的结果状语从句。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 他对子女很严格。He ________________ his children.
2)你对那个男孩太严厉了。You are too _____________ the boy.
3) 我感到胸口剧烈疼痛_____________________
4)他们受到了严惩。 ________________________________
is severe with
severe on (upon)
I felt a severe pain in the chest.
【归纳】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severe adj. 1. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的2. 严厉的; 重的 3.严厉的; 苛刻的
They were severely punished.
6.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
where引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词places，where在从句中做状语
who引导定语从句，先行词为those，who在从句中作主语。
7. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
1) suspect v. 怀疑(某人有罪)怀疑; 感觉有问题; 不信任
n. 嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) 没有人知道谁偷了那笔钱，但警察怀疑是那个棕色头发的年轻人。
No one knows who took （stole）the money, but the police suspect the young man with brown hair.
2) 他曾被怀疑提供假信息。
He was suspected to have given false information. /
He was suspected of giving false information.
【常用搭配】
suspect sth.
suspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb. to do sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect + that从句
2) blame
v. 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于
n. 责任; 责备; 指责
【归纳】
blame … for … 因……责备……
blame ... on ... 把……归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任
【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They __________ _______ _______ for the failure _______ George.
3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。
The hospital is investigating to find out _______ ______ ______ _______ for the accident.
to blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
who is
on
8. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth. done 结构
so….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。
9. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
handle n. 把手 柄
v. 处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)
10. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
infect v.传染; 使感染；使感染(某种感情); 影响
【拓展】
infection n. 感染; 传染
infectious adj. 传染性的
prevent infection防止感染
skin infection皮肤感染
be infected with被感染, 感染上……, 传染上……
11. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
link n. 联系; 连接;关系; 纽带
link v. 把……连接起来;联系; 相关联
e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.
12. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
前后两个who均引导定语从句。
13. … and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.全世界的霍乱威胁大大减少。
decrease v. 使)变小, (使)减少
【归纳】
decrease (from…) to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
e.g. The number of new students 210 160 this year.
Average house prices 13% last year.
This species of bird is numbers every year.
decreased from
to
decreased by
decreasing in
14. We now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
thanks to with the help of; because of
幸亏，由于
e.g.
Thanks to your help, we succeeded．
It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
15. Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
transform v. 使改观, 使变形, 使转化
【归纳】
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
【拓展】
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
【运用】
根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Well, you've certainly ____________ _________ _________ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great!
2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ ________ (变成了) a major industrial city.
3) It's said that the shape of such a toy _______ _______________ (是可变形的).
4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变).
transformation
transformed this village
transformed
into
is transformable
In the early 19th century 1.________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, million of people died from the disease. John Snow, who subscribed 2._____ the theory that cholera 3.____________ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water , 4._________(desire) to destroy cholera. 5._________(use) maps and statistics, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 6.________(carry) cholera germs.
Through Snow's tireless 7.__________ (effort), the disease was stopped in its tracks. Now we have known how 8.___________(prevent) cholera. Transforming 9._____ way scientists study diseases, John Snow 10.___________________(consider) the father of modern epidemiology .
when
to
was caused
desired
Using
carried
efforts
to prevent
the
is considered
Thank you
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Language Points
1. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat Cholera.
作为一位年轻医生，约翰斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱。
2. In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread.
总的来说，当时的医生对霍乱的传播有两种相互矛盾的解释。
contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的；互相对立的
be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反
e.g. His remark was contradictory to the truth.
他的叙述与事实矛盾。
【拓展】
contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾
contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法
3. One theory was that bad air caused the disease.
有一种理论认为是恶劣的空气导致了这种疾病。
本句中that bad air caused the disease是that引导的表语从句, that在从句中不作成分, 没有意义, 只起连接作用。
翻译：
我曾经梦想能在那个城市有个三居室(three-bedroom)的房子。
My dream was that I could have a three-bedroom house in that city.
【思考】请找出课文中的表语从句。
4. Snow subscribed to the second theory.
subscribe v. 认购(股份)；定期订购； 定期缴纳(会费) ; 定期捐款赞助
【拓展】 subscribe to 同意, 赞成
Each employee may subscribe for up to￡2,000 worth of shares.
You can subscribe to the magazine for as little as $32 a year.
She subscribes to an environmental action group.
每名员工可认购价值最高达2,000股的股票。
你可以以每年32美元的价格订阅这本杂志。
她加入了一个环保行动组织。
斯诺同意第二种理论。
翻译：
This illness causes severe diarrhea, dehydration, and even death.这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。
5. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡。
本句是复合句, 其中discovered后跟that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中, 含有so…that….引导的结果状语从句。
【语境应用】完成句子。
1) 他对子女很严格。He ________________ his children.
2)你对那个男孩太严厉了。You are too _____________ the boy.
3) 我感到胸口剧烈疼痛_____________________
4)他们受到了严惩。 ________________________________
is severe with
severe on (upon)
I felt a severe pain in the chest.
【归纳】
be severe on/with 对……严厉
be severe with oneself 严于律己
severe adj. 1. 极为恶劣的; 十分严重的2. 严厉的; 重的 3.严厉的; 苛刻的
They were severely punished.
6.Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. 斯诺开始在地图上标注所有死者生活的精确地址。
where引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词places，where在从句中做状语
who引导定语从句，先行词为those，who在从句中作主语。
7. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵是罪魁祸首。
1) suspect v. 怀疑(某人有罪)怀疑; 感觉有问题; 不信任
n. 嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象
【运用】翻译下面句子。
1) 没有人知道谁偷了那笔钱，但警察怀疑是那个棕色头发的年轻人。
No one knows who took （stole）the money, but the police suspect the young man with brown hair.
2) 他曾被怀疑提供假信息。
He was suspected to have given false information. /
He was suspected of giving false information.
【常用搭配】
suspect sth.
suspect sb. of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb. to do sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect + that从句
2) blame
v. 责备; 指责; 把……归咎于
n. 责任; 责备; 指责
【归纳】
blame … for … 因……责备……
blame ... on ... 把……归咎于……
be to blame (for sth.) 对某事负有责任
【运用】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2) 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They __________ _______ _______ for the failure _______ George.
3) 医院正在调查事故的责任人是谁。
The hospital is investigating to find out _______ ______ ______ _______ for the accident.
to blame
blame me
laid/put the blame
who is
on
8. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
have sth. done 结构
so….that 引导结果状语从句
It seemed that … “看来……”, that引导表语从句
这位妇女似乎非常喜欢水泵里的水，所以每天都让人送到她家去。
9. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
handle n. 把手 柄
v. 处理, 应付(局势、人、工作或感情)
10. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
infect v.传染; 使感染；使感染(某种感情); 影响
【拓展】
infection n. 感染; 传染
infectious adj. 传染性的
prevent infection防止感染
skin infection皮肤感染
be infected with被感染, 感染上……, 传染上……
11. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.此外，斯诺后来证明了其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
link n. 联系; 连接;关系; 纽带
link v. 把……连接起来;联系; 相关联
e.g. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland.
I have heard his name linked with that of a well-known person.
12. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
前后两个who均引导定语从句。
13. … and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.全世界的霍乱威胁大大减少。
decrease v. 使)变小, (使)减少
【归纳】
decrease (from…) to… 减少到……
decrease by … 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decease in … 在……方面减少
e.g. The number of new students 210 160 this year.
Average house prices 13% last year.
This species of bird is numbers every year.
decreased from
to
decreased by
decreasing in
14. We now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
thanks to with the help of; because of
幸亏，由于
e.g.
Thanks to your help, we succeeded．
It was all a great success — thanks to a lot of hard work.
thanks to, owing to, due to, because of
词条 用法 常作成分
thanks to “多亏”，多放在句首，用来表达正面意思 (接近于原意 “感谢”)，偶用于讽刺口吻。 作状语
owing to “由于、因为”，可置于句首或句末。 常作状语、表语
due to 表示原因，可与owing to 互换 常作表语、状语或定语
because of 着重某个结果的原因 常作状语
15. Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
transform v. 使改观, 使变形, 使转化
【归纳】
transform … (from…) into … 把……变成……
transform … with … 用……来改变……
e.g. This equipment can transform light into energy.
We can transform the world with our knowledge.
【拓展】
transformation n. 改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数)
transformable adj. 可变形的；可变化的
transformer n. 促使改变的人或物；变压器
【运用】
根据括号内的汉语提示，完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Well, you've certainly ____________ _________ _________ (改变了这个村子) — it looks great!
2) In several decades, my hometown has been ____________ ________ (变成了) a major industrial city.
3) It's said that the shape of such a toy _______ _______________ (是可变形的).
4) His attitude to life has gone through a(n) _____________ (改变).
transformation
transformed this village
transformed
into
is transformable
In the early 19th century 1.________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, million of people died from the disease. John Snow, who subscribed 2._____ the theory that cholera 3.____________ (cause) by an infection from germs in food or water , 4._________(desire) to destroy cholera. 5._________(use) maps and statistics, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water 6.________(carry) cholera germs.
Through Snow's tireless 7.__________ (effort), the disease was stopped in its tracks. Now we have known how 8.___________(prevent) cholera. Transforming 9._____ way scientists study diseases, John Snow 10.___________________(consider) the father of modern epidemiology .
when
to
was caused
desired
Using
carried
efforts
to prevent
the
is considered
Thank you