牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage & Integrated skills课件(共41张PPT)
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| 名称 | 牛津译林版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage & Integrated skills课件(共41张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-02 14:18:24 | ||
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(共41张PPT)
Unit 1 Back to school
Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
Part 1 Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 2 Grammar
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.焦点,重点 vt. & vi.集中
2. n.细节;具体情况
3. n.指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费
4. n.目的,目标 vi. & vt.力争做到;目的是;针对
5. n.风格;方式;样式
6. n.技巧,技艺;技能
focus
detail
tip
aim
style
technique
识记阅读词汇
1.workshop n.
2.material n.
adj.
研讨会,讲习班;车间,作坊
材料;素材
物质的,实际的;客观存在的
串记拓展词汇
1. vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
→ adj.基本的,最重要的
→ adv.主要地,基本地
2. vt.提醒,使想起→ n.提醒物
3. n.提议,建议,动议→ vt.提议,建议
4. adj.职业的,专业的;有职业的;娴熟的,精通业务的
n.专门人员,专业人士→ adv.专业地,内行地
→ n.职业,专业;行业
5. n.海报;(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人
→ vt.张贴;公布;邮递;布置
base
basic
basically
remind
reminder
proposal
propose
professional
professionally
profession
poster
post
重点短语
1. 注意
2. 由于
3. 实现
4. 以……为基础
5. 分解;发生故障
6. 以……自豪
7. 提醒某人……,使某人想起……
8. 坚持;固守,维持
pay attention to
as a result of
come true
be based on
break down
be proud of
remind sb of...
stick to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
style n.风格;方式,样式
【佳句背诵】His teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.[人物描写]
他的教学风格与多数教师相似。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
(1)focus on/upon集中于……
focus one’s attention/mind/energy on/upon...集中注意力/心思/精力于……
focus one’s eyes on...注视……
(2)the focus of attention注意力的焦点
bring...into focus使……成为焦点
in focus 焦点对准的,清晰的
out of focus 焦点未对准的,不清晰的
(3)全神贯注于/专心于的表达还有:
concentrate (one’s mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
bury/lose oneself in
keep one’s mind on
fix one’s mind/attention on
【佳句背诵】This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.[社会生活]
这种“分散注意力”似乎是从事创造性工作的最佳状态。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I had only focused the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
②This photo of John isn’t focus;I can’t see his face clearly.
③把注意力集中在你的听众身上,可以消除对公众演讲的恐惧。
Take the fear out of public speaking by _________ _____ ______ _________.
on/upon
in
focusing on your listeners
2.detail n.细节;具体情况
(1)go into detail(s)详细叙述,逐一说明
in (great) detail (极为)详细地
(2)detailed adj.详细的,精细的;复杂的,详尽的
【佳句背诵】Details of the discovery will be published in the forthcoming issue of the journal.[新闻调查]
这项发现的细节将在即将发布的杂志期刊中公布。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Then came more than 500 enquiries for (detail) information.
②In order to deliver a clear presentation,I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea detail.
③他不想详述那些天发生的所有事情。
He doesn’t wish _________ _________ ________ __________ _________ ________ __________ _________of those days.
detailed
in
to go into detail(s) about
all the events
3.as a result of 由于
(1)as a result因此,结果
without result 徒劳,毫无结果
(2)result in 导致,造成
result from...起因于……,由……造成
【易混辨析】
as a result 一般用于句首,且要用逗号与后面的句子隔开,意为“因此,所以”
as a result of 介词短语,后面接名词、动词-ing等,意为“因为,由于”
【图形助记】
【佳句背诵】Recently,I put forward a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.[环境保护]
最近,我提出了一种新的计时方法,它与我们地球上的环境有关,这些环境可能会由于全球变暖而改变。
【即学即练】单句填空/句型转换/单句写作
①This feeling can also result many other health problems.
②Walking upright results in physical suffering.
→Physical suffering walking upright.
③据信,近50万人因为这场灾难而离开了家园。
Nearly half a million people are believed to have left their homes
_____ ____ _________ _________the disaster.
in
results from
as a result of
4.base vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
(1)base...on...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon以……为基础
base...in...把……安置在……
(2)basic adj.基础的
basically adv.基本地,基本上
【佳句背诵】(2023广东深圳期末)His personality—whether it is loved or hated—is based on something deep and appealing,and that is his roots and his feelings.[人物描写]
无论是被爱还是被恨,他的个性都是基于某种深刻而吸引人的东西,那就是他的根和他的感情。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①He explained our (base) task,the tractor fired up and we were off,riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals.
②Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based how they typed,with very low error rates.
③ (base),it’s “I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year,present it to NASA.”
④We’re going to base ourselves Beijing and make trips from there.
⑤许多业务仍然是通过电话完成的,而且大部分是建立在信任和现有关系的基础上。
A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it ______ ________
______ ________ ________ __________ __________________.
basic
on
Basically
in
is based
on trust and existing relationships
5.remind vt.提醒,使想起
(1)remind sb of...提醒某人……;使某人想起……
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
remind sb that...提醒某人……
(2)reminder n.提醒物;通知单
【佳句背诵】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.[个人观点]
当你登上山顶时,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.
②I’m king of this forest,and here is your (remind)!
③It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member (take) medicine.
④然而,她的父亲提醒她,甜食对她的牙齿不好。
However,______ _____ _________ _______ _______sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
of
reminder
to take
her dad reminded her that
6.proposal n.提议,建议,动议
propose v.提议,建议
propose that...建议……
propose doing sth建议做某事
It’s proposed that...有人提议……
【佳句背诵】All of us applauded the proposal that every cent should be used where it is needed most.[观点看法]
我们所有人都同意这个把每一分钱都用在最需要的地方的提议。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①The teacher may require a second (propose) if the first is off-topic or unclear.
②I heard him propose (call) the fire department.
③会议上提出了一个建议,那就是新工厂不应该建在学校附近。
A proposal was put forward at the meeting that _______ _______ __________ _________ _________ _________near the school.
proposal
calling
the new factory
shouldn’t be built
7.aim n.目的,目标 vi. & vt.力争做到;目的是;针对
(1)achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的;实现某人的目标
with the aim of 目的是……;旨在……
without aim 漫无目的地
(2)aim to do sth/aim at doing sth目的在于……
be aimed at 目的是;旨在;针对
(3) aimless adj.没有目标的
aimlessly adv.没有目标地
【佳句背诵】Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.[社会生活]
我们的目标是看看我们是否能以某种方式像真正的巴黎人一样生活。
【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译
①Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming
(raise) public awareness about environmental protection.
②All our projects aim promoting the development of poor and remote areas.
③ the aim of raising some money for the local charity,we invited several famous musicians and singers.
④Jane moved (aim) down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading.
to raise/at raising
at
With
aimlessly
他的目标是在7月中旬结束他的旅程。
→⑤He ______ _____ ________ _____ ________by mid-July.(aim to do sth)
→⑥He ______ ____ _________ ___ ________by mid-July.(aim at doing sth)
→⑦His aim _____ ____ _______ _______ ________by mid-July.
aims to finish his journey
aims at finishing his journey
is to finish his journey
重点句式——多维剖析
动名词(短语)作主语
【教材原句】Finally,setting goals makes you more confident.
最后,设定目标会让你更自信。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语时,常常放在句首;当表语为no use,no good,any good等词组或useless,nice,good,interesting等形容词时,句首常用it作形式主语,而将动词-ing形式后置。
(2)两个或两个以上的动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
(3)除了动名词可作主语外,动词不定式也可作主语,但动词不定式作主语时多表示一次性的、具体的动作。
(4)动名词(短语)作主语时,如果要突出动作的执行者,在动名词(短语)前加上其逻辑主语,其逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词,不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
【佳句背诵】So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.[社会生活]
所以在晚宴上表现得有趣并不难。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①For most people, (have) things stolen feels like an offence.
②But being smart online learners (have) its advantages and disadvantages.
③It’s no use (cry) over spilt milk.
④在某些情况下,简单地说声谢谢似乎不够。
Simply _______ _________ ______ _________ _________ _________
in certain situations.
having
has
crying
saying thank you doesn’t seem enough
Part 2 Grammar
情景导入
句子成分和句子结构
阅读下面短文,写出黑体部分所作的句子成分。
Life in junior high school is ①exciting but tiring.We need ②to learn more subjects which we didn’t need to learn in the past.③Plenty of homework puts us under ④too much pressure.So some students ⑤gradually give up their lessons and spend their study time playing computer games.Perhaps after one or two years,they begin to realize ⑥they have missed much,but it is too late for them.However,some of us are not defeated by difficulties.Those students consider these problems as challenges ⑦which encourage them to study much harder than before.Therefore,they ⑧will be admitted ⑨to a good university and have a ⑩bright future.
【语法感悟】
句子是表达思想的基本单位,主要的句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、补语、状语、表语、定语等。观察上文的画线部分:在句中,①处作 ,②处作 ,③处作 ,④处作 ,⑤处作 ,⑥处作 ,⑦处作 ,⑧处作
,⑨处作 ,⑩处作 。
表语
宾语
主语
介词宾语
状语
宾语
定语
谓语
主语补足语
定语
语法精讲
一、句子的基本成分
1.主语:是在句中说明全句中心主题的部分,一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。其位置一般在句首。
The girl is lovely and helpful.
这女孩很可爱,乐于助人。
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
2.谓语:说明主语做什么、是什么、怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成。
He speaks English very fluently.
他英语说得很流利。
3.表语:说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或者从句充当,表语位于系动词后面。
His dream is to be a teacher.
他的梦想是成为一名老师。
4.宾语:是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词和从句等充当。它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,其位于谓语之后。
She likes swimming.
她喜欢游泳。
5.宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思,它起补充说明宾语干什么、怎么样的作用,通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词充当。
When he came back home,he found his bike missing.
当他回到家时,他发现自行车不见了。
6.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式和程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句充当。
The student makes great progress with the help of the teacher.
在老师的帮助下,这个学生取得很大的进步。
7.定语:用来修饰名词或代词,形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句都可以充当定语。
The girl in white is his sister.
穿白衣服的那个女孩是他的姐姐。
【即学即练】写出画线部分在句中所作的成分
Some think 1.sport( ) does us good in many ways.Not only does sport help people 2.to stay fit and healthy( ),but the competition and teamwork in sport 3.give( ) people a lot of motivation to keep going and to push themselves hard.Others believe 4.that sport is not the only way to do this( ).Eating well is a big part of a 5.healthy( ) life.On the other hand,sport can actually be 6.dangerous( ).Millions of people are hurt by playing sport each year.Many children are not naturally talented and only come across failure and embarrassment 7.on the sports field( ).This hurts their confidence.
主语
宾语补足语
谓语
宾语
定语
表语
状语
二、英语中的句子结构类型
1.SV(A)[主语+谓语(+状语)]
本句型中谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语,但能表达完整的意思,与主语构成主谓关系。谓语动词后还可接副词或者介词短语作状语,说明动作的程度、地点或时间等。
The sun is rising.太阳在冉冉升起。
2.SVO(A)[主语+谓语+宾语(+状语)]
本句型中谓语动词都是及物动词,具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,其后必须跟宾语即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。宾语后还可接副词或介词短语作状语。
She wants to go home now.她现在想回家。
3.SVP(主语+连系动词+表语)
本句型中谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语一起构成谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
Her face turned red.
她的脸红了。
4.SVOO(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前;如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,其间需加介词。
He bought his son a bike.=He bought a bike for his son.
他给儿子买了一辆自行车。
5.SVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明,宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
We should make our country stronger and stronger.
我们应该使我们的国家越来越强大。
【即学即练】写出下列画线部分的结构类型
My mother is always strict with me,especially after 1.I entered the middle school( ).After school,as soon as I got home,mum hurried me up to do my homework.Even on weekends,2.mum wouldn’t give me free time ( ).3.She asked me to take many classes outside( ).I had little time to play.Why couldn’t I play After a period of hard work,4.I made great progress in my study( ).In the mid-term exam,I got the first place in my class.When being told the news,Mum said 5.she was proud of me( ).Now I am full of confidence in my future.I have understood my mum.She has done all the things for me.Mum,please forgive me for misunderstanding you.6.I will work even harder than before( ).
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
SVOA
SVP
SVA
本 课 结 束
Unit 1 Back to school
Section B Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
Part 1 Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 2 Grammar
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.焦点,重点 vt. & vi.集中
2. n.细节;具体情况
3. n.指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费
4. n.目的,目标 vi. & vt.力争做到;目的是;针对
5. n.风格;方式;样式
6. n.技巧,技艺;技能
focus
detail
tip
aim
style
technique
识记阅读词汇
1.workshop n.
2.material n.
adj.
研讨会,讲习班;车间,作坊
材料;素材
物质的,实际的;客观存在的
串记拓展词汇
1. vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
→ adj.基本的,最重要的
→ adv.主要地,基本地
2. vt.提醒,使想起→ n.提醒物
3. n.提议,建议,动议→ vt.提议,建议
4. adj.职业的,专业的;有职业的;娴熟的,精通业务的
n.专门人员,专业人士→ adv.专业地,内行地
→ n.职业,专业;行业
5. n.海报;(在网络留言板上)发布消息的人
→ vt.张贴;公布;邮递;布置
base
basic
basically
remind
reminder
proposal
propose
professional
professionally
profession
poster
post
重点短语
1. 注意
2. 由于
3. 实现
4. 以……为基础
5. 分解;发生故障
6. 以……自豪
7. 提醒某人……,使某人想起……
8. 坚持;固守,维持
pay attention to
as a result of
come true
be based on
break down
be proud of
remind sb of...
stick to
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
style n.风格;方式,样式
【佳句背诵】His teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.[人物描写]
他的教学风格与多数教师相似。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
(1)focus on/upon集中于……
focus one’s attention/mind/energy on/upon...集中注意力/心思/精力于……
focus one’s eyes on...注视……
(2)the focus of attention注意力的焦点
bring...into focus使……成为焦点
in focus 焦点对准的,清晰的
out of focus 焦点未对准的,不清晰的
(3)全神贯注于/专心于的表达还有:
concentrate (one’s mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
bury/lose oneself in
keep one’s mind on
fix one’s mind/attention on
【佳句背诵】This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.[社会生活]
这种“分散注意力”似乎是从事创造性工作的最佳状态。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I had only focused the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on.
②This photo of John isn’t focus;I can’t see his face clearly.
③把注意力集中在你的听众身上,可以消除对公众演讲的恐惧。
Take the fear out of public speaking by _________ _____ ______ _________.
on/upon
in
focusing on your listeners
2.detail n.细节;具体情况
(1)go into detail(s)详细叙述,逐一说明
in (great) detail (极为)详细地
(2)detailed adj.详细的,精细的;复杂的,详尽的
【佳句背诵】Details of the discovery will be published in the forthcoming issue of the journal.[新闻调查]
这项发现的细节将在即将发布的杂志期刊中公布。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Then came more than 500 enquiries for (detail) information.
②In order to deliver a clear presentation,I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea detail.
③他不想详述那些天发生的所有事情。
He doesn’t wish _________ _________ ________ __________ _________ ________ __________ _________of those days.
detailed
in
to go into detail(s) about
all the events
3.as a result of 由于
(1)as a result因此,结果
without result 徒劳,毫无结果
(2)result in 导致,造成
result from...起因于……,由……造成
【易混辨析】
as a result 一般用于句首,且要用逗号与后面的句子隔开,意为“因此,所以”
as a result of 介词短语,后面接名词、动词-ing等,意为“因为,由于”
【图形助记】
【佳句背诵】Recently,I put forward a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.[环境保护]
最近,我提出了一种新的计时方法,它与我们地球上的环境有关,这些环境可能会由于全球变暖而改变。
【即学即练】单句填空/句型转换/单句写作
①This feeling can also result many other health problems.
②Walking upright results in physical suffering.
→Physical suffering walking upright.
③据信,近50万人因为这场灾难而离开了家园。
Nearly half a million people are believed to have left their homes
_____ ____ _________ _________the disaster.
in
results from
as a result of
4.base vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营
(1)base...on...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon以……为基础
base...in...把……安置在……
(2)basic adj.基础的
basically adv.基本地,基本上
【佳句背诵】(2023广东深圳期末)His personality—whether it is loved or hated—is based on something deep and appealing,and that is his roots and his feelings.[人物描写]
无论是被爱还是被恨,他的个性都是基于某种深刻而吸引人的东西,那就是他的根和他的感情。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①He explained our (base) task,the tractor fired up and we were off,riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals.
②Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based how they typed,with very low error rates.
③ (base),it’s “I’ve got to produce this product and then,at the end of year,present it to NASA.”
④We’re going to base ourselves Beijing and make trips from there.
⑤许多业务仍然是通过电话完成的,而且大部分是建立在信任和现有关系的基础上。
A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it ______ ________
______ ________ ________ __________ __________________.
basic
on
Basically
in
is based
on trust and existing relationships
5.remind vt.提醒,使想起
(1)remind sb of...提醒某人……;使某人想起……
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
remind sb that...提醒某人……
(2)reminder n.提醒物;通知单
【佳句背诵】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.[个人观点]
当你登上山顶时,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.
②I’m king of this forest,and here is your (remind)!
③It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member (take) medicine.
④然而,她的父亲提醒她,甜食对她的牙齿不好。
However,______ _____ _________ _______ _______sugary treats were bad for her teeth.
of
reminder
to take
her dad reminded her that
6.proposal n.提议,建议,动议
propose v.提议,建议
propose that...建议……
propose doing sth建议做某事
It’s proposed that...有人提议……
【佳句背诵】All of us applauded the proposal that every cent should be used where it is needed most.[观点看法]
我们所有人都同意这个把每一分钱都用在最需要的地方的提议。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①The teacher may require a second (propose) if the first is off-topic or unclear.
②I heard him propose (call) the fire department.
③会议上提出了一个建议,那就是新工厂不应该建在学校附近。
A proposal was put forward at the meeting that _______ _______ __________ _________ _________ _________near the school.
proposal
calling
the new factory
shouldn’t be built
7.aim n.目的,目标 vi. & vt.力争做到;目的是;针对
(1)achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的;实现某人的目标
with the aim of 目的是……;旨在……
without aim 漫无目的地
(2)aim to do sth/aim at doing sth目的在于……
be aimed at 目的是;旨在;针对
(3) aimless adj.没有目标的
aimlessly adv.没有目标地
【佳句背诵】Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.[社会生活]
我们的目标是看看我们是否能以某种方式像真正的巴黎人一样生活。
【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译
①Earth Day,marked on 22 April,is an annual event aiming
(raise) public awareness about environmental protection.
②All our projects aim promoting the development of poor and remote areas.
③ the aim of raising some money for the local charity,we invited several famous musicians and singers.
④Jane moved (aim) down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading.
to raise/at raising
at
With
aimlessly
他的目标是在7月中旬结束他的旅程。
→⑤He ______ _____ ________ _____ ________by mid-July.(aim to do sth)
→⑥He ______ ____ _________ ___ ________by mid-July.(aim at doing sth)
→⑦His aim _____ ____ _______ _______ ________by mid-July.
aims to finish his journey
aims at finishing his journey
is to finish his journey
重点句式——多维剖析
动名词(短语)作主语
【教材原句】Finally,setting goals makes you more confident.
最后,设定目标会让你更自信。
(1)动名词(短语)作主语时,常常放在句首;当表语为no use,no good,any good等词组或useless,nice,good,interesting等形容词时,句首常用it作形式主语,而将动词-ing形式后置。
(2)两个或两个以上的动名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
(3)除了动名词可作主语外,动词不定式也可作主语,但动词不定式作主语时多表示一次性的、具体的动作。
(4)动名词(短语)作主语时,如果要突出动作的执行者,在动名词(短语)前加上其逻辑主语,其逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词,不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
【佳句背诵】So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.[社会生活]
所以在晚宴上表现得有趣并不难。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①For most people, (have) things stolen feels like an offence.
②But being smart online learners (have) its advantages and disadvantages.
③It’s no use (cry) over spilt milk.
④在某些情况下,简单地说声谢谢似乎不够。
Simply _______ _________ ______ _________ _________ _________
in certain situations.
having
has
crying
saying thank you doesn’t seem enough
Part 2 Grammar
情景导入
句子成分和句子结构
阅读下面短文,写出黑体部分所作的句子成分。
Life in junior high school is ①exciting but tiring.We need ②to learn more subjects which we didn’t need to learn in the past.③Plenty of homework puts us under ④too much pressure.So some students ⑤gradually give up their lessons and spend their study time playing computer games.Perhaps after one or two years,they begin to realize ⑥they have missed much,but it is too late for them.However,some of us are not defeated by difficulties.Those students consider these problems as challenges ⑦which encourage them to study much harder than before.Therefore,they ⑧will be admitted ⑨to a good university and have a ⑩bright future.
【语法感悟】
句子是表达思想的基本单位,主要的句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、补语、状语、表语、定语等。观察上文的画线部分:在句中,①处作 ,②处作 ,③处作 ,④处作 ,⑤处作 ,⑥处作 ,⑦处作 ,⑧处作
,⑨处作 ,⑩处作 。
表语
宾语
主语
介词宾语
状语
宾语
定语
谓语
主语补足语
定语
语法精讲
一、句子的基本成分
1.主语:是在句中说明全句中心主题的部分,一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句充当。其位置一般在句首。
The girl is lovely and helpful.
这女孩很可爱,乐于助人。
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
2.谓语:说明主语做什么、是什么、怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成。
He speaks English very fluently.
他英语说得很流利。
3.表语:说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或者从句充当,表语位于系动词后面。
His dream is to be a teacher.
他的梦想是成为一名老师。
4.宾语:是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词和从句等充当。它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,其位于谓语之后。
She likes swimming.
她喜欢游泳。
5.宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思,它起补充说明宾语干什么、怎么样的作用,通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词充当。
When he came back home,he found his bike missing.
当他回到家时,他发现自行车不见了。
6.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式和程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句充当。
The student makes great progress with the help of the teacher.
在老师的帮助下,这个学生取得很大的进步。
7.定语:用来修饰名词或代词,形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、从句都可以充当定语。
The girl in white is his sister.
穿白衣服的那个女孩是他的姐姐。
【即学即练】写出画线部分在句中所作的成分
Some think 1.sport( ) does us good in many ways.Not only does sport help people 2.to stay fit and healthy( ),but the competition and teamwork in sport 3.give( ) people a lot of motivation to keep going and to push themselves hard.Others believe 4.that sport is not the only way to do this( ).Eating well is a big part of a 5.healthy( ) life.On the other hand,sport can actually be 6.dangerous( ).Millions of people are hurt by playing sport each year.Many children are not naturally talented and only come across failure and embarrassment 7.on the sports field( ).This hurts their confidence.
主语
宾语补足语
谓语
宾语
定语
表语
状语
二、英语中的句子结构类型
1.SV(A)[主语+谓语(+状语)]
本句型中谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语,但能表达完整的意思,与主语构成主谓关系。谓语动词后还可接副词或者介词短语作状语,说明动作的程度、地点或时间等。
The sun is rising.太阳在冉冉升起。
2.SVO(A)[主语+谓语+宾语(+状语)]
本句型中谓语动词都是及物动词,具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,其后必须跟宾语即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。宾语后还可接副词或介词短语作状语。
She wants to go home now.她现在想回家。
3.SVP(主语+连系动词+表语)
本句型中谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语一起构成谓语,才能表达完整的意思。
Her face turned red.
她的脸红了。
4.SVOO(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前;如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,其间需加介词。
He bought his son a bike.=He bought a bike for his son.
他给儿子买了一辆自行车。
5.SVOC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语)
本句型中的动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明,宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
We should make our country stronger and stronger.
我们应该使我们的国家越来越强大。
【即学即练】写出下列画线部分的结构类型
My mother is always strict with me,especially after 1.I entered the middle school( ).After school,as soon as I got home,mum hurried me up to do my homework.Even on weekends,2.mum wouldn’t give me free time ( ).3.She asked me to take many classes outside( ).I had little time to play.Why couldn’t I play After a period of hard work,4.I made great progress in my study( ).In the mid-term exam,I got the first place in my class.When being told the news,Mum said 5.she was proud of me( ).Now I am full of confidence in my future.I have understood my mum.She has done all the things for me.Mum,please forgive me for misunderstanding you.6.I will work even harder than before( ).
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
SVOA
SVP
SVA
本 课 结 束